Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| molecular and morphological phylogenies of ruminantia and the alternative position of the moschidae. | the ruminants constitute the largest group of ungulates, with >190 species, and its distribution is widespread throughout all continents except australia and antarctica. six families are traditionally recognized within the suborder ruminantia: antilocapridae (pronghorns), bovidae (cattle, sheep, and antelopes), cervidae (deer), giraffidae (giraffes and okapis), moschidae (musk deer), and tragulidae (chevrotains). the interrelationships of the families have been an area of controversy among morph ... | 2003 | 12746147 |
| phylogeny of ruminants secretory ribonuclease gene sequences of pronghorn (antilocapra americana). | phylogenetic analyses based on primary structures of mammalian ribonucleases, indicated that three homologous enzymes (pancreatic, seminal and brain ribonucleases) present in the bovine species are the results of gene duplication events, which occurred in the ancestor of the ruminants after divergence from other artiodactyls. in this paper sequences are presented of genes encoding pancreatic and brain-type ribonuclease genes of pronghorn (antilocapra americana). the seminal-type ribonuclease gen ... | 2003 | 12470934 |
| aerobic characteristics of red kangaroo skeletal muscles: is a high aerobic capacity matched by muscle mitochondrial and capillary morphology as in placental mammals? | marsupials and placentals together comprise the theria, the advanced mammals, but they have had long independent evolutionary histories, with the last common ancestor occurring more than 125 million years ago. although in the past the marsupials were considered to be metabolically 'primitive', the red kangaroo macropus rufus has been reported to have an aerobic capacity (vo2max) comparable to that of the most 'athletic' of placentals such as dogs. however, kangaroos travel at moderate speeds wit ... | 2004 | 15235010 |
| myostatin rapid sequence evolution in ruminants predates domestication. | myostatin (gdf-8) is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle development. this gene has previously been implicated in the double muscling phenotype in mice and cattle. a systematic analysis of myostatin sequence evolution in ruminants was performed in a phylogenetic context. the myostatin coding sequence was determined from duiker (sylvicapra grimmia caffra), eland (taurotragus derbianus), gaur (bos gaurus), ibex (capra ibex), impala (aepyceros melampus rednilis), pronghorn (antilocapra american ... | 2004 | 15522803 |
| characterization of a novel pestivirus originating from a pronghorn antelope. | a unique pestivirus, isolated from a pronghorn antelope (antilocopra americana), was characterized. serum neutralization studies suggested that this virus was antigenically related to pestiviruses. genomic characteristics, unique to pestiviruses, indicated that this virus belongs to the pestivirus genus. these characteristics included the organization of the 5' untranslated region (5'-utr), the presence and length of a viral npro coding region, conservation of cysteine residues in npro, conserva ... | 2005 | 15681069 |
| pseudostertagia bullosa (nematoda: trichostrongyloidea) in artiodactyl hosts from north america: redescription and comments on systematics. | a relationship for pseudostertagia bullosa within the trichostrongyloids has been enigmatic or unresolved. studies of the synlophe in males and females of p. bullosa revealed a tapering system anterior to the deirids and a pattern of parallel ridges extending to near the caudal extremity in both lateral and median fields. structurally, the synlophe differs considerably from that seen among the cooperiinae and exhibits homoplasy with respect to ridge systems among some ostertagiinae. other struct ... | 2005 | 15986613 |
| a large cost of female mate sampling in pronghorn. | we measured the energy cost of mate sampling by female pronghorn (antilocapra americana), a species for which there are no apparent direct benefits of mate choice and for which the sampling tactic most closely resembles best-of-n or comparative bayes. we used global positioning system collars to record the position of individuals at 10-min intervals during the 2 weeks preceding estrus in females that actively sampled and in females that did not sample. the difference in the 2-week energy costs o ... | 2005 | 16475083 |
| good genes sexual selection in nature. | whether the mate sampling and choice performed by females in nature influences offspring performance is a controversial issue in theory and an open empirical question. pronghorn (antilocapra americana) females engage in an obvious and energetically expensive mate sampling process to identify vigorous males. although individual females sample independently, their choices converge on a small proportion of males that sire most young. offspring of attractive males were more likely to survive to wean ... | 2006 | 17060640 |
| connecting the dots: an invariant migration corridor links the holocene to the present. | numerous species undergo impressive movements, but due to massive changes in land use, long distance migration in terrestrial vertebrates has become a highly fragile ecological phenomenon. uncertainty about the locations of past migrations and the importance of current corridors hampers conservation planning. using archeological data from historic kill sites and modern methods to track migration, we document an invariant, 150 km (one-way) migration corridor used for at least 6000 years by north ... | 2006 | 17148280 |
| pestiviruses in wild animals. | pestiviruses are not strictly host-species specific and can infect not only domestic but also wild animals. the most important pestivirus, csfv, infects domestic pigs and wild boars, which may cause a major problem for successful csfv eradication programmes. mainly bvdv specific antibodies have been reported in captive and free-living animals. virus has been isolated from some of these animal species, but since bvdv can contaminate cell cultures and foetal calf serum, early reports of bvdv isola ... | 2006 | 16839713 |
| serologic survey for pathogens potentially affecting pronghorn (antilocapra americana) fawn recruitment in arizona, usa. | during the 1990s, pronghorn (antilocapra americana) populations declined in arizona, usa. to investigate potential causes of decline, we collected blood samples from hunter-harvested male pronghorn from 2001 to 2003 on four arizona sites. sera were tested for antibody to parainfluenza virus type 3 (pi3), bovine viral diarrhea virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv), bluetongue virus (btv), and chlamydia psitta ... | 2006 | 17255453 |
| numerical taxonomy of the genus pestivirus based on palindromic nucleotide substitutions in the 5' untranslated region. | the palindromic nucleotide substitutions (pns) at the three variable loci (v1, v2 and v3) in the 5' untranslated region (utr) of pestivirus rna have been considered for taxonomical segregation of species, through the evaluation of 430 genomic sequences. on the basis of qualitative and quantitative secondary structure characteristics, six species have been identified: bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (bvdv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (bvdv-2), classical swine fever virus (csfv), border disease ... | 2007 | 17719098 |
| irruptive population dynamics in yellowstone pronghorn. | irruptive population dynamics appear to be widespread in large herbivore populations, but there are few empirical examples from long time series with small measurement error and minimal harvests. we analyzed an 89-year time series of counts and known removals for pronghorn (antilocapra americana) in yellowstone national park of the western united states during 1918-2006 using a suite of density-dependent, density-independent, and irruptive models to determine if the population exhibited irruptiv ... | 2007 | 17913126 |
| genomic expansion of the bov-a2 retroposon relating to phylogeny and breed management. | bov-a2 is a retroposon that is widely distributed among the genomes of ruminants (e.g., cow, deer, giraffe, pronghorn, musk deer, and chevrotain). this retroposon is composed of two monomers, called bov-a units, which are joined by a linker sequence. the structure and origin of bov-a2 has been well characterized but a genome-level exploration of this retroposon has not been implemented. in this study we performed an extensive search for bov-a2 using all available genome sequence data on bos taur ... | 2007 | 17436038 |
| thermoregulation in pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana ord) in the summer. | we have used thermistor/data logger assemblies to measure temperatures in the brain, carotid artery, jugular vein and abdominal cavity, and subcutaneously, in five pronghorn antelope over a summer in wyoming. globe and air temperature varied by up to approximately 50 degrees c daily during the summer and maximum solar radiation was approximately 900 w m(-2). brain temperature (38.9+/-0.3 degrees c) was consistently approximately 0.2-0.5 degrees c higher than carotid blood temperature (38.6+/-0.3 ... | 2007 | 17601948 |
| recolonizing wolves and mesopredator suppression of coyotes: impacts on pronghorn population dynamics. | food web theory predicts that the loss of large carnivores may contribute to elevated predation rates and, hence, declining prey populations, through the process of mesopredator release. however, opportunities to test predictions of the mesopredator release hypothesis are rare, and the extent to which changes in predation rates influence prey population dynamics may not be clear due to a lack of demographic information on the prey population of interest. we utilized spatial and seasonal heteroge ... | 2008 | 18488620 |
| indirect effects and traditional trophic cascades: a test involving wolves, coyotes, and pronghorn. | the traditional trophic cascades model is based on consumer resource interactions at each link in a food chain. however, trophic-level interactions, such as mesocarnivore release resulting from intraguild predation, may also be important mediators of cascades. from september 2001 to august 2004, we used spatial and seasonal heterogeneity in wolf distribution and abundance in the southern greater yellowstone ecosystem to evaluate whether mesopredator release of coyotes (canis latrans), resulting ... | 2008 | 18459344 |
| thermoregulation in pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana, ord) in winter. | conservation of energy is a prerequisite thermoregulatory strategy for survival in northern hemisphere winters. we have used thermistor/data logger assemblies to measure temperatures in the brain, carotid artery, jugular vein and abdominal cavity, in pronghorn antelope to determine their winter body temperature and to investigate whether the carotid rete has a survival role. over the study period mean black globe and air temperature were -0.5+/-3.2 degrees c and -2.0+/-3.4 degrees c, respectivel ... | 2008 | 18281337 |
| toxic (pb, cd, hg) and essential (fe, cu, zn, mn) metal content of liver tissue of some domestic and bush animals in ghana. | accumulation of toxic metals in liver, a rich natural source of essential elements, can present health risks to regular consumers of liver. a total of 35 fresh liver samples of cow, sheep, goat, pig, grass-cutter (thryonomys swinderianus), giant rat (cricetomys gambianus), red deer (cervus elaphus), chicken and antelope (antilocapra americana) were obtained from three different markets in accra and kumasi, ghana. samples were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry and an automatic mercury ... | 2008 | 24784805 |
| validation of an anaplasma marginale celisa for use in the diagnosis of a. ovis infections in domestic sheep and anaplasma spp. in wild ungulates. | a commercially available (celisa) kit for diagnosing anaplasma marginale infection in cattle was validated for diagnosing a ovis infection in sheep using the bovine serum controls as supplied by the manufacturer (bcelisa) and sheep serum controls from pathogen-free sheep (ocelisa). true positives were identified using two previously established assays, a nested pcr (npcr) test and an indirect immunofluorescent assay (ifa). the bcelisa was also applied to sera from various species of wild ruminan ... | 2008 | 18272296 |
| evaluation of two short-term anesthetic protocols in captive juvenile pronghorn (antilocapra americana). | safe and efficacious anesthesia is required to facilitate biomedical procedures in pronghorn (antilocapra americana). two short-term anesthesia protocols were evaluated in 10 juvenile male pronghorn raised in captivity. following i.m. medetomidine (0.1 mg/kg), pronghorn received either intravenous propofol (p) or ketamine (k). behavioral and physiologic parameters were assessed for 15 min prior to atipamezole (0.2 mg/kg, i.m.) administration. quantitative and qualitative values following both pr ... | 2009 | 20063831 |
| human genome 10th anniversary. probing pronghorn mating preferences. | 2011 | 21350146 | |
| molecular characterization of coprophilous fungal communities reveals sequences related to root-associated fungal endophytes. | this paper reports the use of molecular methods to characterize the coprophilous fungal communities (cfc) that inhabit the dung of four species of mammalian herbivores at two sites, sevilleta national wildlife refuge (snwr) in new mexico and wind cave national park (wcnp) in south dakota. results reveal that cfc from domesticated cattle (bos taurus) at snwr, and bison (bison bison) and black-tailed prairie dogs (cynomys ludovicianus) at wcnp were diverse but dominated primarily by members within ... | 2011 | 20842497 |
| inbreeding depression in pronghorn (antilocapra americana) fawns. | although inbreeding depression affects survival, fitness and population viability, the extent of inbreeding depression in wild populations remains unclear. we examined inbreeding depression in the small, isolated national bison range (nbr), mt, pronghorn (antilocapra americana) population following a bottleneck. we have studied the national bison range pronghorn extensively since 1981, and we have detailed birth, survival and mate choice data. we genotyped all animals in the population between 1 ... | 2011 | 22026426 |
| species characterization in the genus pestivirus according to palindromic nucleotide substitutions in the 5'-untranslated region. | the palindromic nucleotide substitutions (pns) at the three variable loci (v1, v2 and v3) in the 5'-untranslated region (utr) of the pestivirus genome have been considered for taxonomical segregation of the species, through the evaluation of 534 strains. on the basis of qualitative and quantitative secondary structure characteristics, species have been identified within the genus, determining genetic distances between species isolates, clarifying borderline and multirelated sequences, and charac ... | 2011 | 21514324 |
| Common functional correlates of head-strike behavior in the pachycephalosaur Stegoceras validum (Ornithischia, Dinosauria) and combative artiodactyls. | Pachycephalosaurs were bipedal herbivorous dinosaurs with bony domes on their heads, suggestive of head-butting as seen in bighorn sheep and musk oxen. Previous biomechanical studies indicate potential for pachycephalosaur head-butting, but bone histology appears to contradict the behavior in young and old individuals. Comparing pachycephalosaurs with fighting artiodactyls tests for common correlates of head-butting in their cranial structure and mechanics. | 2011 | 21738658 |
| historic, pre-european settlement, and present-day contribution of wild ruminants to enteric methane emissions in the united states. | the objectives of this analysis were to estimated historic (pre-european settlement) enteric methane (ch(4)) emissions from wild ruminants in the contiguous united states and compare these to present-day ch(4) emissions from farmed ruminants. the analysis included bison, elk (wapiti), and deer (white-tailed and mule). wild ruminants such as moose, antelope (pronghorn), caribou, and mountain sheep and goat were not included in the analysis due to their natural range being mostly outside of the co ... | 2011 | 22178852 |
| evaluation of value-added components of dried distiller's grain with solubles from triticale and wheat. | this study focused on the detection of value-added co-products in dried distiller's grain plus soluble (ddgs), a possibility that could open new avenues for further processing and marketing of ddgs and improving economic sustainability of ethanol industry. varieties of triticale, wheat and two benchmarks, cps wheat and pioneer hi-bred corn, were fermented using two very high gravity (vhg) fermentation approaches: jet-cooking and raw starch processing (stargen fermentation). ddgs from stargen fer ... | 2011 | 21531546 |
| genetic isolation between the western and eastern pacific populations of pronghorn spiny lobster panulirus penicillatus. | the pronghorn spiny lobster, panulirus penicillatus, is a circumtropical species which has the widest global distribution among all the species of spiny lobster, ranging throughout the entire indo-pacific region. partial nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial dna coi (1,142-1,207 bp) and 16s rdna (535-546 bp) regions were determined for adult and phyllosoma larval samples collected from the eastern pacific (ep)(galápagos islands and its adjacent water), central pacific (cp)(hawaii and tuamotu) an ... | 2011 | 22195038 |
| evolution of ruminant headgear: a review. | the horns, ossicones and antlers of ruminants are familiar and diverse examples of cranial appendages. we collectively term ruminant cranial appendages 'headgear'; this includes four extant forms: antlers (in cervids), horns (in bovids), pronghorns (in pronghorn antelope) and ossicones (in giraffids). headgear evolution remains an open and intriguing question because phylogenies (molecular and morphological), adult headgear structure and headgear development (where data are available) all sugges ... | 2011 | 21733893 |
| efficacy of an antiviral compound to inhibit replication of multiple pestivirus species. | pestiviruses are economically important pathogens of livestock. an aromatic cationic compound (db772) has previously been shown to inhibit bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type 1 in vitro at concentrations lacking cytotoxic side effects. the aim of this study was to determine the scope of antiviral activity of db772 among diverse pestiviruses. isolates of bvdv 2, border disease virus (bdv), hobi virus, pronghorn virus and bungowannah virus were tested for in vitro susceptibility to db772 by in ... | 2012 | 22985628 |
| construction of chimeric bovine viral diarrhea viruses containing glycoprotein e rns of heterologous pestiviruses and evaluation of the chimeras as potential marker vaccines against bvdv. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infections are enzootic in the cattle population and continue to cause significant economic losses to the beef and dairy industries worldwide. extent of the damages has stimulated increasing interest in control programs directed at eradicating bvdv infections. use of a bvdv marker vaccine would facilitate eradication efforts as a negatively marked vaccine would enable differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (diva). we describe here the construction ... | 2012 | 22521286 |
| bateman in nature: predation on offspring reduces the potential for sexual selection. | sexual selection is driven by competition for mates, and the advantage of a competitor is determined by the number of offspring it produces. early experiments by angus bateman characterized this interaction, and the quantitative relationship between a male's number of mates and number of offspring is known as the bateman slope. sexual dimorphism, one of the most obvious results of sexual selection, largely requires a positive bateman relationship, and the slope provides an estimate of the potent ... | 2012 | 23139332 |
| the effect of human activities and their associated noise on ungulate behavior. | the effect of anthropogenic noise on terrestrial wildlife is a relatively new area of study with broad ranging management implications. noise has been identified as a disturbance that has the potential to induce behavioral responses in animals similar to those associated with predation risk. this study investigated potential impacts of a variety of human activities and their associated noise on the behavior of elk (cervus elaphus) and pronghorn (antilocapra americana) along a transportation corr ... | 2012 | 22808175 |
| genetic versus census estimators of the opportunity for sexual selection in the wild. | abstract the existence of a direct link between intensity of sexual selection and mating-system type is widely accepted. however, the quantification of sexual selection has proven problematic. several measures of sexual selection have been proposed, including the operational sex ratio (osr), the breeding sex ratio (bsr), and the opportunity for sexual selection (i(mates)). for a wild population of pronghorn (antilocapra americana), we calculated osr and bsr. we estimated i(mates) from census dat ... | 2012 | 22437175 |
| comparing habitat suitability and connectivity modeling methods for conserving pronghorn migrations. | terrestrial long-distance migrations are declining globally: in north america, nearly 75% have been lost. yet there has been limited research comparing habitat suitability and connectivity models to identify migration corridors across increasingly fragmented landscapes. here we use pronghorn (antilocapra americana) migrations in prairie habitat to compare two types of models that identify habitat suitability: maximum entropy (maxent) and expert-based (analytic hierarchy process). we used distanc ... | 2012 | 23166656 |
| comparative molecular cytogenetics in cetartiodactyla. | cetartiodactyla comprises artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates) and cetacea (whales, dolphins and porpoises). artiodactyla is a large taxon represented by about 200 living species ranked in 10 families. cetacea are classified into 13 families with almost 80 species. many publications concerning karyotypic relationships in cetartiodactyla have been published in previous decades. formerly, the karyotypes of closely related species were compared by chromosome banding. introduction of molecular cytogen ... | 2012 | 22627059 |
| molecular cytogenetic insights to the phylogenetic affinities of the giraffe (giraffa camelopardalis) and pronghorn (antilocapra americana). | five families are traditionally recognized within higher ruminants (pecora): bovidae, moschidae, cervidae, giraffidae and antilocapridae. the phylogenetic relationships of antilocapridae and giraffidae within pecora are, however, uncertain. while numerous fusions (mostly robertsonian) have accumulated in the giraffe's karyotype (giraffa camelopardalis, giraffidae, 2n = 30), that of the pronghorn (antilocapra americana, antilocapridae, 2n = 58) is very similar to the hypothesised pecoran ancestra ... | 2013 | 23896647 |
| phylogenetic analysis of mammalian maximal oxygen consumption during exercise. | we compiled published values of mammalian maximum oxygen consumption during exercise ( ) and supplemented these data with new measurements of for the largest rodent (capybara), 20 species of smaller-bodied rodents, two species of weasels and one small marsupial. many of the new data were obtained with running-wheel respirometers instead of the treadmill systems used in most previous measurements of mammalian . we used both conventional and phylogenetically informed allometric regression models t ... | 2013 | 24031059 |
| seasonal foraging ecology of non-migratory cougars in a system with migrating prey. | we tested for seasonal differences in cougar (puma concolor) foraging behaviors in the southern yellowstone ecosystem, a multi-prey system in which ungulate prey migrate, and cougars do not. we recorded 411 winter prey and 239 summer prey killed by 28 female and 10 male cougars, and an additional 37 prey items by unmarked cougars. deer composed 42.4% of summer cougar diets but only 7.2% of winter diets. males and females, however, selected different proportions of different prey; male cougars se ... | 2013 | 24349498 |
| comment on "bateman in nature: predation on offspring reduces the potential for sexual selection". | byers and dunn (reports, 9 november 2012, p. 802) reported that sexual selection and natural selection are closely related in a wild population of pronghorns. here, i argue that this conclusion is incorrect. their main finding is due to the fact that, unsurprisingly, juvenile mortality and juvenile survival are negatively related across years. | 2013 | 23641095 |
| comment on "bateman in nature: predation on offspring reduces the potential for sexual selection". | byers and dunn (reports, 9 november 2012, p. 802) claimed that predation on offspring reduced the potential for sexual selection in pronghorn. we argue that the potential for sexual selection is not affected by random offspring mortality when relative reproductive success is considered and increases when measured with the opportunity for selection, a metric that describes the potential for selection. | 2013 | 23641093 |
| species longevity in north american fossil mammals. | species longevity in the fossil record is related to many paleoecological variables and is important to macroevolutionary studies, yet there are very few reliable data on average species durations in cenozoic fossil mammals. many of the online databases (such as the paleobiology database) use only genera of north american cenozoic mammals and there are severe problems because key groups (e.g. camels, oreodonts, pronghorns and proboscideans) have no reliable updated taxonomy, with many invalid ge ... | 2014 | 25236413 |
| complete genome sequence of pronghorn virus, a pestivirus. | the complete genome sequence of pronghorn virus, a member of the pestivirus genus of the family flaviviridae, was determined here. the virus, originally isolated from a pronghorn antelope, has a genome of 12,273 nucleotides, with a single open reading frame of 11,694 bases encoding 3,897 amino acids. | 2014 | 24926058 |
| genetic isolation among the northwestern, southwestern and central-eastern indian ocean populations of the pronghorn spiny lobster panulirus penicillatus. | the pronghorn spiny lobster panulirus penicillatus is a highly valuable species which is widely distributed in indo-west pacific and eastern pacific regions. mitochondrial dna control region sequences (566-571 bp) were determined to investigate the population genetic structure of this species in the indian ocean. in total, 236 adult individuals of panulirus penicillatus were collected from five locations in the indian ocean region. almost all individuals had a unique haplotype. intrapopulation h ... | 2014 | 24865488 |
| key innovations in ruminant evolution: a paleontological perspective. | key innovations are newly acquired structures that permit the performance of a new function and open new adaptive zones, and are, therefore, of paramount significance for understanding the history of the ruminantia, particularly its diversification through the miocene. here we review and discuss what is known about these evolutionary novelties, with special emphasis on the appearance and evolution of cranial appendages and high-crowned (or hypsodont) teeth. cranial appendages probably favored th ... | 2014 | 24148672 |
| re-evaluating neonatal-age models for ungulates: does model choice affect survival estimates? | new-hoof growth is regarded as the most reliable metric for predicting age of newborn ungulates, but variation in estimated age among hoof-growth equations that have been developed may affect estimates of survival in staggered-entry models. we used known-age newborns to evaluate variation in age estimates among existing hoof-growth equations and to determine the consequences of that variation on survival estimates. during 2001-2009, we captured and radiocollared 174 newborn (≤24-hrs old) ungulat ... | 2014 | 25264612 |
| moving beyond science to protect a mammalian migration corridor. | as the discipline of conservation biology evolves and practitioners grow increasingly concerned about how to put results into achievable conservation, it is still unclear the extent to which science drives conservation outcomes, especially across rural landscapes. we addressed this issue by examining the role of science in the protection of a biological corridor. our focus is on a north american endemic mammal reliant on long distance migration as an adaptive strategy, the pronghorn (antilocapra ... | 2014 | 24962197 |
| epizootic hemorrhagic disease in alberta, canada. | epizootic hemorrhagic disease (ehd) virus serotype 2 was identified by reverse-transcription (rt)-pcr in a white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) found dead in southern alberta in september 2013. field observations indicate at least 50 deer, primarily white-tailed deer, and three pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana) died during a suspected localized ehd outbreak. | 2014 | 24807363 |
| comparative chromosome painting of pronghorn (antilocapra americana) and saola (pseudoryx nghetinhensis) karyotypes with human and dromedary camel probes. | pronghorn (antilocapridae, 2n = 58) and saola (bovidae, 2n = 50) are members of pecora, a highly diversified group of even-toed hoofed mammals. karyotypes of these species were not involved in chromosome painting studies despite their intriguing phylogenetic positions in pecora. | 2014 | 24923361 |
| modeling fence location and density at a regional scale for use in wildlife management. | barbed and woven wire fences, common structures across western north america, act as impediments to wildlife movements. in particular, fencing influences pronghorn (antilocapra americana) daily and seasonal movements, as well as modifying habitat selection. because of fencing's impacts to pronghorn and other wildlife, it is a potentially important factor in both wildlife movement and habitat selection models. at this time, no geospatial fencing data is available at regional scales. consequently, ... | 2014 | 24416180 |
| behavioral responses associated with a human-mediated predator shelter. | human activities in protected areas can affect wildlife populations in a similar manner to predation risk, causing increases in movement and vigilance, shifts in habitat use and changes in group size. nevertheless, recent evidence indicates that in certain situations ungulate species may actually utilize areas associated with higher levels of human presence as a potential refuge from disturbance-sensitive predators. we now use four-years of behavioral activity budget data collected from pronghor ... | 2014 | 24718624 |
| evaluating the interaction of faecal pellet deposition rates and dna degradation rates to optimize sampling design for dna-based mark-recapture analysis of sonoran pronghorn. | knowledge of population demographics is important for species management but can be challenging in low-density, wide-ranging species. population monitoring of the endangered sonoran pronghorn (antilocapra americana sonoriensis) is critical for assessing the success of recovery efforts, and noninvasive dna sampling (nds) could be more cost-effective and less intrusive than traditional methods. we evaluated faecal pellet deposition rates and faecal dna degradation rates to maximize sampling effici ... | 2015 | 25522240 |
| influence of habitat and intrinsic characteristics on survival of neonatal pronghorn. | increased understanding of the influence of habitat (e.g., composition, patch size) and intrinsic (e.g., age, birth mass) factors on survival of neonatal pronghorn (antilocapra americana) is a prerequisite to successful management programs, particularly as they relate to population dynamics and the role of population models in adaptive species management. nevertheless, few studies have presented empirical data quantifying the influence of habitat variables on survival of neonatal pronghorn. duri ... | 2015 | 26630484 |
| identifying impediments to long-distance mammal migrations. | in much of the world, the persistence of long-distance migrations by mammals is threatened by development. even where human population density is relatively low, there are roads, fencing, and energy development that present barriers to animal movement. if we are to conserve species that rely on long-distance migration, then it is critical that we identify existing migration impediments. to delineate stopover sites associated with anthropogenic development, we applied brownian bridge movement mod ... | 2015 | 25158993 |
| weather and prey predict mammals' visitation to water. | throughout many arid lands of africa, australia and the united states, wildlife agencies provide water year-round for increasing game populations and enhancing biodiversity, despite concerns that water provisioning may favor species more dependent on water, increase predation, and reduce biodiversity. in part, understanding the effects of water provisioning requires identifying why and when animals visit water. employing this information, by matching water provisioning with use by target species ... | 2015 | 26560518 |
| antipredator strategy of female goitered gazelles (gazella subgutturosa guld., 1780) with hiding fawn. | in ungulates, predation is often a major cause of infant mortality and likely plays an important role in shaping maternal care strategies that favor progeny survival. the anti-predator strategies of ungulates can be broadly categorized into two groups, hiding infants and following infants. we studied the maternal behavioral strategies of goitered gazelle, which is a typical representative of a hiding species. we found that shortly after birth, goitered gazelle mothers (1) stayed at the greatest ... | 2015 | 26232263 |
| reproductive activity in the peninsular pronghorn determined from excreted gonadal steroid metabolites. | fecal hormone monitoring was employed to better define annual patterns of reproductive steroid metabolites from a breeding pair of peninsular pronghorn (antilocapra americana peninsularis) maintained at the los angeles zoo. notably in the female, increased excretion of estrogen metabolites occurred during the breeding season (jun-aug), and a biphasic pattern in progestagen activity was measured during gestation. of additional interest, a preterm increase in estrogen that continued for an additio ... | 2015 | 25652944 |
| emerging pestiviruses infecting domestic and wildlife hosts. | until the early 1990 s there were just three recognized species in the pestivirus genus, bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), border disease virus (bdv) and classical swine fever virus (csfv). subsequently bvdv were divided into two different species, bvdv1 and bvdv2 and four additional putative pestivirus species have been identified, based on phylogenetic analysis. the four putative pestivirus specices, listed in chronological order of published reports, are giraffe (isolated from one of severa ... | 2015 | 26050572 |
| a new model of landscape-scale fire connectivity applied to resource and fire management in the sonoran desert, usa. | understanding where and when on the landscape fire is likely to burn (fire likelihood) and the predicted responses of valued resources (fire effects) will lead to more effective management of wildfire risk in multiple ecosystem types. fire is a contagious and highly unpredictable process, and an analysis of fire connectivity that incorporates stochasticity may help predict fire likelihood across large extents. we developed a model of fire connectivity based on electrical circuit theory, which is ... | 2015 | 26465045 |
| from tusko to titin: the role for comparative physiology in an era of molecular discovery. | as we approach the centenary of the term "comparative physiology," we reexamine its role in modern biology. finding inspiration in krogh's classic 1929 paper, we first look back to some timeless contributions to the field. the obvious and fascinating variation among animals is much more evident than is their shared physiological unity, which transcends both body size and specific adaptations. the "unity in diversity" reveals general patterns and principles of physiology that are invisible when e ... | 2015 | 25855309 |
| foot-and-mouth disease in a small sample of experimentally infected pronghorn (antilocapra americana). | there is limited information on the pathogenesis and epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) in north american wildlife and none concerning pronghorn ( antilocapra americana ). in an experimental study of 13 pronghorn and six steers ( bos taurus ), we compared the susceptibility of pronghorn to fmd virus (fmdv) strain o, with that of cattle ( bos taurus ). we also determined the potential for intra- and interspecies transmission of fmdv strain o in pronghorn and cattle, assessed the applica ... | 2016 | 27525593 |
| septicemic pasteurellosis in farmed elk (cervus canadensis) in alberta. | septicemic pasteurellosis is a bacterial disease of domestic and wild animals including bison, elk, and pronghorn antelope caused by pasteurella multocida. here we report 2 cases of septicemic pasteurellosis in farmed elk. pasteurella multocida serogroup b was isolated from multiple tissues in both animals. gene sequencing (16s ribosomal rna) and blast query confirmed that the sequence is 99% to 100% homologous to the p. multocida sequences in the database. | 2016 | 27587888 |
| estimating sonoran pronghorn abundance and survival with fecal dna and capture-recapture methods. | population abundance estimates are important for management but can be challenging to determine in low-density, wide-ranging, and endangered species, such as sonoran pronghorn (antilocapra americana sonoriensis). the sonoran pronghorn population has been increasing; however, population estimates are currently derived from a biennial aerial count that does not provide survival or recruitment estimates. we identified individuals through noninvasively collected fecal dna and used robust-design capt ... | 2016 | 26918820 |
| genotypic and phenotypic evaluation for benzimidazole resistance or susceptibility in haemonchus contortus isolates. | haemonchus contortus isolates were evaluated for benzimidazole (bz) resistance or susceptibility by allele-specific pcr based on β-tubulin isotype 1 gene polymorphisms at the f167y, e198a, and f200y sites. two isolates, one presumed susceptible from wild pronghorn antelope (ph) and one known to be resistant from goats (vm), were also assayed phenotypically for bz resistance or susceptibility in the larval development assay (drenchrite®). the bz ec50 was 0.198 μm (intermediate between susceptible ... | 2017 | 28032300 |
| proposed revision to the taxonomy of the genus pestivirus, family flaviviridae. | we propose the creation of seven new species in the genus pestivirus (family flaviviridae) in addition to the four existing species, and naming species in a host-independent manner using the format pestivirus x. only the virus species names would change; virus isolates would still be referred to by their original names. the original species would be re-designated as pestivirus a (original designation bovine viral diarrhea virus 1), pestivirus b (bovine viral diarrhea virus 2), pestivirus c (clas ... | 2017 | 28786787 |
| new leaves in the growing tree of pestiviruses. | pestiviruses are a group of viruses of veterinary importance infecting livestock animals like pigs, cattle, and sheep, and also wildlife animals like wild boar and different deer species. while for decades only four classical species (classical swine fever virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus types 1 and 2, border disease virus), and a few so-called atypical pestiviruses were known (e.g., giraffe virus, pronghorn virus, hobi virus), a series of novel pestiviruses was identified in the last years ( ... | 2017 | 29029724 |
| glycosylation and immunocytochemistry of binucleate cells in pronghorn (antilocapra americana, antilocapridae) show features of both giraffidae and bovidae. | although the pronghorn (antilocapra americana) resembles an antelope, its nearest relatives are the giraffe and okapi. in this study we have examined the placentae of 6 pronghorns using lectin- and immunocytochemistry to identify giraffid and bovid features. binucleate cells (bnc) of the placenta exhibited features intermediate between those of the giraffe and bovine; dolichos biflorus agglutinin binding - strong in the bovine bnc and absent in the giraffe - was evident in only a subpopulation o ... | 2017 | 28864014 |
| coal-bed methane water: effects on soil properties and camelina productivity. | every year, the production of coal-bed natural gas in the powder river basin results in the discharge of large amounts of coal-bed methane water (cbmw) in wyoming; however, no sustainable disposal methods for cbmw are currently available. a greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the potential to use cbmw as a source of irrigation water for camelina [ (l.) crantz]. we assessed the effects of three cbmw concentrations (0% [1:0], 50% [1:1], and 100% [0:1] tap water to cbmw) on selected soil pro ... | 2017 | 28724110 |
| a serosurvey for ruminant pestivirus exposure conducted using cattle sera collected for brucellosis surveillance in the united states. | four species of ruminant pestivirus are currently circulating in the united states: bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 and 2 (bvdv-1, -2; predominant host: cattle), border disease virus (bdv; predominant host: sheep), and pronghorn virus (sporadically detected in wild ruminants). a third bovine pestivirus called hobi-like virus has been detected in cattle and water buffalo in south america, asia, and europe. to date, no isolations of hobi-like viruses from u.s. cattle have been reported. to assess ex ... | 2017 | 28074709 |
| x chromosome evolution in cetartiodactyla. | the phenomenon of a remarkable conservation of the x chromosome in eutherian mammals has been first described by susumu ohno in 1964. a notable exception is the cetartiodactyl x chromosome, which varies widely in morphology and g-banding pattern between species. it is hypothesized that this sex chromosome has undergone multiple rearrangements that changed the centromere position and the order of syntenic segments over the last 80 million years of cetartiodactyla speciation. to investigate its ev ... | 2017 | 28858207 |
| characterization of a polymicrobial dermal infection in a peninsular pronghorn (antilocapra americana peninsularis) in baja california, mexico. | in situ conservation efforts are assisting the recovery of free-ranging populations of the endangered peninsular pronghorns (antilocapra americana peninsularis) at the vizcaino biosphere reserve, baja california sur, mexico. we detected a polymicrobial dermal infection. etiologic agents were identified as a keratinophilic dermatomycete and opportunistic pathogenic bacteria. | 2017 | 29148882 |
| microstructure and mechanical properties of different keratinous horns. | animal horns play an important role during intraspecific combat. this work investigates the microstructure and mechanical properties of horns from four representative ruminant species: the bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis), domestic sheep (ovis aries), mountain goat (oreamnos americanus) and pronghorn (antilocapra americana), aiming to understand the relation between evolved microstructures and mechanical properties. microstructural similarity is found where disc-shaped keratin cells attach edge-t ... | 2018 | 29875283 |
| a retrospective assessment of a failed collaborative process in conservation. | collaboration provides one tool for managing the complicated and often the contentious natural resource issues. successful collaborative arrangements involve a mix of actors bringing key attributes to the table: power, capacity, motivation, mandate, and synergy. these attributes, if missing or if one overshadows the rest, can derail the collaborative process and/or the conservation outcomes. we offer a case study of natural gas field development impacts on america's only endemic ungulate-prongho ... | 2018 | 29680947 |
| systemic amyloidosis in a population of pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana). | thirteen pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana) from a single captive herd at the columbus zoo and aquarium underwent complete or partial necropsies between 1997 and 2016. ten of the 13 animals had histologic evidence of amyloidosis resulting in a 77% prevalence. histologic and ultrastructural changes were characterized in an attempt to determine the underlying cause of the amyloid. amyloid detection was performed through histologic examination of hemotoxylin and eosin and congo red-stained ... | 2019 | 31120673 |
| browsing and fire decreases dominance of a resprouting shrub in woody encroached grassland. | north american grasslands have experienced increased relative abundance of shrubs and trees over the last 150 yr. alterations in herbivore composition, abundance, and grazing pressure along with changes in fire frequency are drivers that can regulate the transition from grassland to shrubland or woodland (a process known as woody encroachment). historically, north american grasslands had a suite of large herbivores that grazed and/or browsed (i.e., bison, elk, pronghorn, deer), as well as freque ... | 2020 | 31746458 |
| establishment of acute-phase protein and serum protein electrophoresis preliminary reference values for pronghorn (antilocapra americana). | pronghorn (antilocapra americana) are native to western north america and are found in 24 association of zoos and aquariums (aza)-accredited institutions. acute-phase proteins (app) are a broad class of proteins that are stimulated in response to inflammation and have been shown to be a sensitive measure of inflammation in equids and ruminants. in this study, blood samples from clinically normal free-ranging and captive populations of pronghorn were analyzed using assays for protein electrophore ... | 2020 | 32549561 |
| predicting the spread-risk potential of chronic wasting disease to sympatric ungulate species. | wildlife disease incidence is increasing, resulting in negative impacts on the economy, biodiversity, and potentially human health. chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a fatal, transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of cervids (wild and captive) which continues to spread geographically resulting in exposure to potential new host species. the disease agent (prpcwd) is a misfolded conformer of the cellular prion protein (prpc). in canada, the disease is endemic in alberta and saskatchewan, affecting ... | 2020 | 32008428 |
| wild ruminants as reservoirs of domestic livestock gastrointestinal nematodes. | gastrointestinal nematode (gin) infections in cattle cause appetite suppression which leads to poor feed conversion, reduced weight gain and reduced milk production. overuse and exclusive reliance on anthelmintic drugs has resulted in widespread resistance in many parasitic nematode species infecting livestock making control increasingly difficult. wild ruminants are competent hosts of a number of nematode species that typically infect and are best adapted for cattle, sheep, and goats. thus, the ... | 2020 | 32160579 |
| an updated review on bluetongue virus: epidemiology, pathobiology, and advances in diagnosis and control with special reference to india. | bluetongue (bt) is an economically important, non-contagious viral disease of domestic and wild ruminants. bt is caused by bt virus (btv) and it belongs to the genus orbivirus and family reoviridae. btv is transmitted by culicoides midges and causes clinical disease in sheep, white-tailed deer, pronghorn antelope, bighorn sheep, and subclinical manifestation in cattle, goats and camelids. bt is a world organization for animal health (oie) listed multispecies disease and causes great socio-econom ... | 2020 | 33003985 |
| pronghorn population genomics show connectivity in the core of their range. | preserving connectivity in the core of a species' range is crucial for long-term persistence. however, a combination of ecological characteristics, social behavior, and landscape features can reduce connectivity among wildlife populations and lead to genetic structure. pronghorn (antilocapra americana), for example, exhibit fluctuating herd dynamics and variable seasonal migration strategies, but gps tracking studies show that landscape features such as highways impede their movements, leading t ... | 2020 | 33100929 |
| genetically distinct pestiviruses pave the way to improved classical swine fever marker vaccine candidates based on the chimeric pestivirus concept. | classical swine fever (csf) is one of the most important viral diseases of pigs. in many countries, the use of vaccines is restricted due to limitations of subunit vaccines with regard to efficacy and onset of protection as well as failure of live vaccines to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (diva principle). chimeric pestiviruses based on csf virus (csfv) and the related bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) have been licensed as live marker vaccines in europe and asia, but cross-rea ... | 2020 | 32962557 |