Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| characterization of papillomaviruses isolated from cutaneous fibromas of white-tailed deer and mule deer. | 1982 | 6293191 | |
| immobilization of mule deer with ketamine and xylazine, and reversal of immobilization with yohimbine. | 1983 | 6643267 | |
| iodine-129 in mule deer thyroids in the rocky mountain west. | thyroids from mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) were collected in new mexico, colorado, wyoming and idaho and 129i/127i atom ratios were determined. iodine-129/127 atom ratios were significantly (p less than 0.005) different among states. ratios in wyoming and idaho control thyroids were significantly (p less than 0.05) larger than ratios in new mexico and colorado. fallout from past atmospheric nuclear tests at the nevada test site is suggested as a possible explanation for the differences in rat ... | 1983 | 6874350 |
| pathology of spontaneous and experimental infection of north american wild ruminants with mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | spontaneous paratuberculosis was studied in free-ranging and captive bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis), and rocky mountain goats (oreamnos americanus). lesions of paratuberculosis in these species resembled the disease in domestic sheep and goats. mycobacterium paratuberculosis cultured from bighorn sheep was used to orally infect bighorn x mouflon (ovis musimon) hybrid sheep, elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), and white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). clinical pa ... | 1983 | 6879954 |
| experimental infection of some north american wild ruminants and domestic sheep with mycobacterium paratuberculosis: clinical and bacteriological findings. | mycobacterium paratuberculosis originally isolated from bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis) with spontaneous paratuberculosis was used to orally inoculate rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) calves, mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) fawns, white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) fawns, bighorn x mouflon (ovis musimon) hybrid lambs, and domestic lambs. all experimentally exposed animals became infected. during the first year of infection, hybrid and domestic sheep were able to control the in ... | 1983 | 6644916 |
| experimental contagious ecthyma in mule deer, white-tailed deer, pronghorn and wapiti. | hand-reared mule deer fawns (odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer fawns (odocoileus virginianus), pronghorn fawns (antilocapra americana) and wapiti calves (cervus elaphus nelsoni) were exposed to contagious ecthyma lesion material obtained from rocky mountain bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis canadensis) to determine the susceptibility and pathogenesis in these species. all four species developed mucocutaneous proliferative lesions of the oral cavity, grossly and histologically compatible with ... | 1983 | 6685778 |
| cerebral abscess and cephenemyia phobifer in a mule deer in central nebraska. | 1983 | 6358538 | |
| failure to transmit sarcocystis species from ox, sheep, goats, moose, elk, and mule deer to raccoons. | 1983 | 6408956 | |
| dermatomycosis (ringworm) in mule deer (odocoileus hemionus). | six mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) with dermatomycosis are described. trichophyton verrucosum was isolated from four. all infections were mild and were not debilitating. the lesions involved the legs in five animals and the face in two. this is the second report of ringworm in a wild ungulate in north america. | 1983 | 17422319 |
| anaplasma infections in wild and domestic ruminants: a review. | anaplasma marginale can be transmitted, will grow and can survive in a large number of domestic and wild animals. it is pathogenic in cattle, and usually produces nonapparent or mild infections in other species. anaplasma marginale has been recovered from cattle, sheep, goats, water buffalo (bubalus bubalis), white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus), black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus), pronghorn (antilocapra americana americana), rocky ... | 1984 | 6716555 |
| moisture and temperature effects on survival and infectivity of first-stage larvae of parelaphostrongylus odocoilei and p. tenuis (nematoda: metastrongyloidea). | the survival of first-stage larvae (l1) of parelaphostrongylus odocoilei and p. tenuis (nematoda: metastrongyloidea) and their infectivity to the snail triodopsis multilineata were determined experimentally in a variety of temperature and moisture conditions. survival of larvae of p. odocoilei increased with decreasing temperature. survival of larvae in water was similar to survival in air at 17 and 45% rh; survival of larvae in air at 75, 85, and 95% rh was considerably lower at corresponding t ... | 1984 | 6470888 |
| parelaphostrongylus andersoni (nematoda: protostrongylidae) and p. odocoilei in two cervid definitive hosts. | infectivity (as percentage of initial dose), location, orientation, and productivity (as maximum weekly larval output) of adult parelaphostrongylus andersoni prestwood, 1972 and p. odocoilei (hobmaier and hobmaier, 1934) were compared in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) (wtd) and mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) (md). fourteen wtd and 10 md were exposed to third-stage larvae of p. andersoni or p. odocoilei. infectivity was 20% and 31%, respectively, in 7 wtd and 4 md exposed to p. ander ... | 1984 | 6502355 |
| lesions caused by parelaphostrongylus odocoilei (nematoda: metastronglyloidea) in two cervid hosts. | pathologic effects and host response were evaluated in seven white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) and six mule deer (o. hemionus hemionus) each exposed per os to 300 or 1000 third-stage larvae of parelaphostrongylus odocoilei. pathologic effects in mule deer consisted of hemorrhagic myositis throughout skeletal muscles, severe verminous pneumonia, and moderate lymphadenitis. the major host response was a granulomatous inflammation associated with nematode eggs and larvae. granulomas oblite ... | 1984 | 6235669 |
| iodine in terrestrial wildlife on the u.s. department of energy's hanford site in southcentral washington. | iodine-129 in controlled amounts has been released into the air from the operating chemical separations facilities on the hanford site. small amounts of (129)i have accumulated in surface soils especially at locations near the chemical separations facilities. enriched levels of (129)i also occur in the thyroid glands of mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) residing on the hanford site.stable iodine is present in low concentrations in hanford site soils and it is not avidly accumulated by wild plants. ... | 1984 | 24257864 |
| radionuclide concentrations in mule deer with reference to waste-management ponds on the hanford site. | a comparison was made between the amount of time 17 radio-collared mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) spent near low-level waste-management ponds on the hanford site and the levels of radionuclides found in samples of their muscle, liver, bone and rumen contents. all deer had low, but detectable, amounts of 137cs in their muscle, liver and rumen contents and 90sr in their bone. several other radionuclides were detected in the rumen samples, but were apparently not incorporated into the muscle and l ... | 1984 | 6511418 |
| dermatophilosis in a mule deer, odocoileus hemionus (rafinesque), from wyoming. | 1984 | 6492327 | |
| alert odor from skin gland in deer. | black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) discharge an odor from the metatarsal (mt) gland, located on the hindleg, when disturbed or alarmed. freely moving, captive deer were exposed to the mt odor by means of a remote-release apparatus. responses by males and females to mt odor from both sexes were recorded with a coding system and a video camera. when the odor was present, females became more alert and left the site more often than in the presence of control odors, odorless air, or ... | 1984 | 24318429 |
| urine fractions that release flehmen in black-tailed deer,odocoileus hemionus columbianus. | flehmen (or "lipcurl") is a response of male mammals primarily to female urine, performed primarily during the reproductive season. to elucidate the components of female urine that release the flehmen, urine of black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) was fractionated, and the fractions were presented to captive male conspecifics during three rutting seasons. the active principle (one or more compounds) is watersoluble, of low volatility, not readily extractable with organic solvents, ... | 1984 | 24318490 |
| use of predator odors as repellents to reduce feeding damage by herbivores : ii. black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus). | the effectiveness of predator odors (fecal and urine) in suppressing feeding damage by black-tailed deer was investigated in pen bioassays at the university of british columbia research forest, maple ridge, british columbia, canada. a total of eight bioassay trials tested the effects of these odors on deer consumption of salal leaves and coniferous seedlings. cougar, coyote,and wolf feces as well as coyote, wolf, fox, wolverine, lynx, and bobcat urines provided the most effective suppression of ... | 1985 | 24310276 |
| prevalence and ultrastructure of three types of sarcocystis in mule deer, odocoileus hemionus (rafinesque), in montana. | infection with sarcocystis (protozoa: sarcocystidae) was diagnosed in 130 of 153 (85%) samples of muscle from mule deer around bozeman, montana. three structurally distinct mature and microscopic sarcocysts with characteristic cyst walls were found. cyst walls of type i sarcocysts were about 2 microns thick and had characteristic inverted tee-shaped villar projections; these cysts were considered to be s. hemionilatrantis hudkins and kistner, 1976. cyst walls in type ii sarcocysts were thick-wal ... | 1985 | 3928909 |
| radio-telemetry as an aid to environmental contaminant evaluation of mobile wildlife species. | radio transmitters are a useful tool in determining the degree of use of and extent of movement from contaminated sites by highly mobile wildlife species. programs monitoring wildlife species for environmental contaminants from localized sources can maximize the amount of information obtained from an individual animal by using radio-telemetry to ascertain residence history. the use of radio-telemetry techniques on two mobile wildlife species, mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and mallard ducks (an ... | 1985 | 24258034 |
| use of yohimbine and 4-aminopyridine to antagonize xylazine-induced immobilization in north american cervidae. | four captive moose (alces alces), 4 mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), and 5 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) were immobilized with xylazine (0.63 to 1.29 mg/kg of body weight, im). mean induction times for the moose were 17 minutes and for the deer, 14 and 10 minutes, respectively. according to published data and past experience, the dosage of xylazine used would be expected to provide 115, 120, and 100 minutes of immobilization in captive moose, mule deer, and white-tailed deer, respec ... | 1985 | 2867079 |
| epizootiology of sarcocystis infections in mule deer fawns in oregon. | from 1974 to 1977, 62 wild mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) fawns from steens mountain, ore were euthanatized in autumn (23 deer), winter (21 deer), and spring (18 deer). the number of sarcocysts of sarcocystis spp was counted in histologic sections of various muscular organs. sarcocysts were seen in the muscle specimens of 14 of the 23 deer euthanatized in autumn (september to november) and in specimens from all 39 deer euthanatized in winter (december and january) and spring (march and april). ... | 1985 | 3935614 |
| light and electron microscopic comparisons of cutaneous fibromas in white-tailed and mule deer. | cutaneous fibromas of white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), when compared with normal skin of the same species, had a thinner basement membrane; thickened stratum spinosum with numerous melanocytes, desmosomes, polyribosomes, and tonofilaments; focal hyperplasia of the stratum granulosum containing numerous large, electron-dense keratohyalin granules with irregular borders and containing occasional cells with diffuse intranuclear virus particles; and a moderately thickened stratum corneum ... | 1985 | 4062029 |
| spontaneous poxviral dermatitis and keratoconjunctivitis in free-ranging mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in wyoming. | 1985 | 3001374 | |
| copper and manganese concentrations in the hair of mule deer. | 1985 | 4077629 | |
| amyloid plaques in spongiform encephalopathy of mule deer. | amyloid plaques were demonstrable in central nervous system tissues of adult captive mule deer affected with chronic wasting disease, a transmissible primary spongiform encephalopathy. plaques were detected in tissues of 13 of 21 (62 per cent) spontaneously affected animals from 2 to 4 years of age or older, but were not found in 16 unaffected deer of from a few months to 12 years of age. | 1985 | 3973104 |
| malignant catarrhal fever in a free-ranging black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) in california. | 1985 | 4039765 | |
| ixodes pacificus (acari: ixodidae): population dynamics and distribution on columbian black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus). | 1985 | 4045944 | |
| failure of yohimbine to reverse ketamine anesthesia in rhesus monkeys. | yohimbine hydrochloride has been used experimentally to reverse the anesthetic effects of ketamine and xylazine in dogs, cats, cattle and mule deer, but there are no reports of its use in nonhuman primates. nine adult female rhesus monkeys were given an intravenous dose of either 0.5 mg/kg yohimbine hydrochloride or saline 10 minutes after intramuscular administration of 10 mg/kg ketamine hydrochloride. there was no difference in the duration of anesthesia between the yohimbine and saline treatm ... | 1985 | 4046554 |
| lymphocyte blastogenesis, complement fixation, and fecal culture as diagnostic tests for paratuberculosis in north american wild ruminants and domestic sheep. | the efficacy of the lymphocyte blastogenesis and complement-fixation tests and fecal culture for detection of mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection was assessed in bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis), elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni), mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), white-tailed deer (o virginianus), bighorn x mouflon (o musimon) hybrid sheep, and domestic sheep. spontaneously infected bighorns were tested at the time of capture; experimentally infected animals were tested monthly for 12 months or p ... | 1985 | 4073642 |
| yohimbine antagonism to xylazine in free-ranging mule deer and desert bighorn sheep. | 1985 | 4077656 | |
| detection of papillomaviruses in cutaneous fibromas of white-tailed and mule deer. | naturally occurring cutaneous fibromas affecting white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (o hemionus), and cutaneous fibropapillomas of domestic cattle were tested for papillomavirus using indirect immunofluorescence (if), peroxidase-antiperoxidase (pap), and negative-stain electron microscopic techniques. papillomavirus was consistently detected using rabbit antiserum against papillomavirus group-specific antigen in all mule deer fibromas and bovine fibropapillomas; only 16 of ... | 1985 | 2408523 |
| epidemiology of two orbiviruses in california's native wild ruminants: preliminary report. | between 1978 and 1983 we collected more than 1,500 serum samples from california's native black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus), 4 races of mule deer (o. h. sp.), tule elk (cervus elaphus nannodes), roosevelt elk (c. e. roosevelti), pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana), california bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis californiana), peninsular bighorn sheep (o. c. cremnobates) and desert bighorn sheep (o. c. nelsoni) and analyzed them for agar gel precipitating (agp) antibodies to b ... | 1985 | 2989899 |
| prevalence and distribution of elaeophora schneideri wehr and dikmans, 1935 in mule deer in utah. | 1985 | 3157010 | |
| serologic survey of selected pathogens in white-tailed and mule deer in western nebraska. | exposure of free-ranging white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in western nebraska to selected livestock pathogens was determined by serology and attempted virus isolation. antibodies to bluetongue virus, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus were present in both species of deer. no serologic reactors to brucella or anaplasma were found. attempts to isolate bluetongue virus were negative. | 1986 | 2845156 |
| parelaphostrongylus odocoilei (nematoda: protostrongylidae) and a protostrongylid nematode in woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou) of alberta, canada. | two size-groups of dorsal-spined, first-stage, nematode larvae were found in feces of woodland caribou, rangifer tarandus caribou (gmelin), in alberta from 1976-1982. larvae from caribou feces in northeastern alberta were 451 +/- 17 micrograms in length, while those from west-central alberta were 362 +/- 18 micrograms in length. larvae collected from west-central alberta developed to the infective stage, experimentally, in the terrestrial gastropod triodopsis multilineata (say) and were infectiv ... | 1986 | 2869151 |
| an unusual structure in the primary cyst wall of sarcocystis hemionilatrantis. | disc-shaped plaques were found in the primary cyst wall of sarcocysts of sarcocystis hemionilatrantis in mule deer in montana. ultrastructurally, the plaques were 190.5 nm in diameter, 161.6 nm thick and consisted of six distinct layers with microfilaments arising from the innermost layer. these unusual plaques have not been reported previously for any species of sarcocystis. | 1986 | 3083102 |
| pediculosis of mule deer and white-tailed deer fawns in captivity. | 1986 | 3505970 | |
| traumatic reticulopericarditis in a mule deer. | 1986 | 3735600 | |
| sarcocystis infections in mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in montana and the descriptions of three new species. | four structural types of sarcocysts of sarcocystis were found in skeletal muscles of mule deer in montana. type i sarcocysts were thin walled (1 to 3 micron) and belonged to s hemionilatrantis. types ii to iv sarcocysts were thick walled (2 to 10 microns) and new names were proposed for them. type ii sarcocysts with long villar projections were named s hemioni. type iii sarcocysts with club-shaped villi of uneven thickness were named s youngi. type iv sarcocysts with walls of uneven thickness an ... | 1986 | 3087246 |
| mitochondrial dna analysis of hybridization between sympatric white-tailed deer and mule deer in west texas. | sympatric populations of white-tailed deer and mule deer (odocoileus virginianus and odocoileus hemionus, respectively) on a west texas ranch share a common mitochondrial dna restriction map genotype. phylogenetic analysis indicates that this genotype is more characteristic of o. virginianus than of o. hemionus. the genotype of west texas deer differs from that of o. virginianus from south carolina by five mutational events (1.3% sequence divergence), whereas it differs from that of o. hemionus ... | 1986 | 3467326 |
| visceral helminth communities of sympatric mule and white-tailed deer from the davis mountains of texas. | hybridizing populations of mule (odocoileus hemionus) and white-tailed deer (o. virginianus) from the davis mountains of texas were examined to determine similarities in species composition of their helminth communities and if abundances of helminth species in those communities varied across host species and seasonal factors. only three cestode and three nematode species were recovered. there were very low abundances of species and little diversity in the helminth communities of both hosts. comm ... | 1987 | 3820412 |
| merogony and gametogony of eimeria mccordocki (protozoa-eimeriidae) in the mule deer, odocoileus h. hemionus. | eimeria mccordocki and e. madisonensis oocysts were isolated from feces of 21 of 40 captive mule deer in fort collins, colorado. the two species were separated from each other by infecting one mule deer fawn, and the life cycle of e. mccordocki was studied for the first time. four to six-weeks-old mule deer fawns were inoculated orally with e. mccordocki and killed 9, 13 and 15 days after infection. asexual and sexual stages of life cycle developed in the ileum of mule deer, only in the surface ... | 1987 | 3590606 |
| role of tannins in defending plants against ruminants: reduction in dry matter digestion? | polyphenolic allelochemicals, such as tannins, are widely thought to reduce the digestibility of plants consumed by herbivores by binding to digestive enzymes and dietary proteins. while the apparent digestibility of protein and, therefore, cell solubles is reduced in mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and white-tailed deer (o. virginianus) consuming tanniferous forages, digestion of the plant cell wall is not reduced beyond that predicted from its content of lignin, cutin, and silica. the lack of ... | 1987 | 29357186 |
| effects of cephenemyia spp. (diptera: oestridae) on the nasopharynx of black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus). | a study was conducted to determine gross and microscopic tissue changes in the nasopharynx of black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) infected with nasal bot fly larvae (cephenemyia spp.). paired retropharyngeal recesses were the preferred sites for the growing second and third stage larvae of two species of cephenemyia (c. apicata and c. jellisoni). retropharyngeal recesses distended into "pouches" that harbored up to 30 larvae. pouches were oriented caudal-laterally toward the basi ... | 1987 | 3682085 |
| serological evidence of california serogroup virus activity in oregon. | we wished to demonstrate evidence of the presence of california serogroup viruses in oregon and to test for the presence of certain other arboviruses in large ungulates. blood samples from black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus), mule deer (o. hemionus hemionus), and roosevelt elk (cervus elaphus roosevelti) from nine counties in oregon were tested by serum-dilution plaque reduction neutralization for antibody to california serogroup viruses, including snowshoe hare, california encep ... | 1987 | 3586196 |
| plague in a free-ranging mule deer from wyoming. | 1987 | 3820418 | |
| xenobiotic biotransformation in livers and lungs of adult black-tailed deer: comparison with domestic goat and sheep. | 1. the capacity of liver and lung tissue of black-tailed dear (odocoileus hemionus columbianus) to biotransform xenobiotics was compared in vitro to the domestic sheep and goat. donor animals were all females of varying ages. tissues from the black-tailed deer were collected in the wild. a variety of biotransformation enzymes were measured in both microsomal and cytosolic fractions. 2. deer liver was lower in total cytochrome p450 concentration, but mono-oxygenase activities were greater compare ... | 1987 | 2890476 |
| epizootic vesicular stomatitis in colorado, 1982: some observations on the possible role of wildlife populations in an enzootic maintenance cycle. | sera obtained from wild ungulates, carnivores, and rodents in colorado were tested for neutralizing (n) antibody against vesicular stomatitis, new jersey serotype (vsnj), virus to determine their involvement in the 1982 colorado vsnj epizootic in domestic animals. viremic and n antibody responses of two local rodent species to a 1982 colorado isolate of vsnj were determined in the laboratory. the rodents produced only weak viremias, but all developed n antibody. n antibody prevalences for vsnj i ... | 1987 | 3035241 |
| malpais spring virus: a new vesiculovirus from mosquitoes collected in new mexico and evidence of infected indigenous and exotic ungulates. | two virus isolates, 1 each from aedes campestris and psorophora signipennis mosquitoes collected in south central new mexico in august 1985, were shown by neutralization tests to be identical to each other, but not to any of more than 250 arthropod-borne and other viruses. electron microscopy of 1 isolate (85-488nm, chosen as the prototype) indicated that this strain shares morphologic characteristics with viruses of the family rhabdoviridae. indirect fluorescent antibody tests indicated that th ... | 1988 | 3061310 |
| spirochetes in mammals and ticks (acari: ixodidae) from a focus of lyme borreliosis in california. | in northern california, antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi were detected in 58 of 73 (79%), and spirochetemias in one of 26 (4%) black-tailed jackrabbits (lepus californicus californicus), by indirect and direct immunofluorescence, respectively. five species of ticks (dermacentor occidentalis, d. parumapertus, ixodes neotomae, i. pacificus, and haemaphysalis leporispalustris) were collected from rabbits. two of these species of ticks were found to contain spirochetes; two of 10 (20%) i. neotomae ... | 1988 | 3280837 |
| experimental anaplasmosis in mule deer: persistence of infection of anaplasma marginale and susceptibility to a. ovis. | an experimental anaplasma marginale infection was induced in a splenectomized mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus) which persisted subclinically at least 376 days as detected by subinoculation into susceptible cattle. anaplasma ovis was experimentally transmitted from sheep to a splenectomized and a spleen-intact mule deer, and back to sheep. the pathogenesis in deer was very similar to that seen in sheep using ovine blood inoculations. | 1988 | 3352081 |
| expression of lectin binding in cutaneous papillomas of animals. | a group of spontaneously occurring animal papillomas which were negative or positive for papillomavirus group-specific antigen were examined with a battery of biotinylated lectins including con a, wga, succinylated-wga, pna and uea-i. canine papillomas, equine papillomas, white-tailed deer fibromas, mule deer fibromas, and bovine fibropapillomas were examined. each lectin had a specific staining pattern. no obvious differences in staining patterns between normal skin, viral antigen-positive and ... | 1988 | 2850306 |
| bluetongue in free-ranging pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana) in wyoming: 1976 and 1984. | at least 3,200 pronghorn (antilocapra americana) died during a bluetongue (bt) epizootic in eastern wyoming during late september and early october 1976. in august and september 1984, another bt epizootic occurred in northeastern wyoming resulting in 300 known pronghorn deaths. in 17 pronghorn examined postmortem, hemorrhages and edema were the most common gross pathologic changes. microscopic changes included hemorrhage, edema, arterial fibrinoid necrosis, lymphoid depletion in splenic and lymp ... | 1988 | 2832621 |
| prevalence of neutralizing antibodies against california and bunyamwera serogroup viruses in deer from mountainous areas of california. | plaque reduction-serum dilution neutralization was used to evaluate the status of bunyavirus activity in deer in mountainous areas of california. antibodies against 9 bunyaviruses were measured in 337 mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus, o. hemionus californicus, and o. hemionus inyoensis) and black-tailed deer (o. hemionus columbianus). more deer from high mountainous areas had neutralizing antibodies against jamestown canyon virus than did deer from low mountainous areas (23% vs. 9%; p les ... | 1989 | 2496610 |
| susceptibility of a fetal tongue cell line derived from bighorn sheep to five serotypes of bluetongue virus and its potential for the isolation of viruses. | a cell line (bhfte) was derived from a tongue explant of a bighorn sheep fetus (ovis canadensis nelsoni). the cells have been maintained through 23 serial passages, and the modal number of chromosomes was calculated to be 55. monolayer cultures were shown to be susceptible to various viruses, including bluetongue virus (btv). of 5 btv serotypes (2, 10, 11, 13, and 17) tested, each produced a cytopathic effect (cpe) on initial passage at 33 c. a field isolate (serotype 10) of btv from a black-tai ... | 1989 | 2562198 |
| the nature of the unconventional slow infection agents remains a puzzle. | unconventional slow infections are progressive transmissible degenerative disorders of the central nervous system. the human diseases belonging to this group are creutzfeld-jakob disease, kuru, and gerstmann-straussler syndrome. scrapie, transmissible mink encephalopathy, chronic wasting disease of mule deer and elk, and the recently discovered bovine spongiform encephalopathy are similar diseases found in animals. unusual characteristics of the unconventional slow infections clearly distinguish ... | 1989 | 2568119 |
| use of deer models to study larviposition by wild nasopharyngeal bot flies (diptera: oestridae). | deer models baited with co2 and with co2 plus 1-octen-3-ol and deer trail scent attracted and induced female cephenemyia apicata bennett & sabrosky and c. jellisoni townsend to larviposit on them. larvae were not deposited on unbaited models. females of both species were seen at baited models, and an insect trapping adhesive applied to the nostrials, muzzle, and lips of models revealed that all larvae were stuck to the lips and bottom part of the muzzle. the models also attracted and caught most ... | 1989 | 2724323 |
| reversal by tolazoline hydrochloride of xylazine hydrochloride-ketamine hydrochloride immobilizations in free-ranging desert mule deer. | we captured 10 free-ranging desert mule deer (odocoileus hemionus crooki) (five males and five females) by net-gun from a helicopter and immobilized them with xylazine hydrochloride (hcl) (100 mg) and ketamine hcl (300 to 400 mg) injected intramuscularly. arousal and ambulation times were 13.9 +/- 4.2 and 14.3 +/- 4.2 min in eight deer injected intravenously with tolazoline hcl (3.0 mg/kg). we observed a curvilinear relationship (r = 0.50, p less than 0.01) between rectal temperature and time af ... | 1989 | 2761006 |
| bot fly larvae (cephenemyia spp., oestridae) in mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) from utah. | ninety-nine mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) from four utah counties (cache, utah, sanpete and sevier) were examined for larvae of cephenemyia spp. in 1985 and 1986. numbers of first, second and third stage bot fly instars were related to age, sex, year and geographic location of the mule deer. fawns and adult deer greater than or equal to 5.5 yr had a significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) higher intensity (means = 37 and means = 68, respectively) of infection than the 1.5- and 2.5-yr-old ... | 1989 | 2810568 |
| blood and urinary profiles of free-ranging desert mule deer in arizona. | as a corollary to a more comprehensive study on their ecology, we documented blood and urinary profiles for 10 free-ranging desert mule deer (odocoileus hemionus crooki) (five males, five females) captured by net-gun shot from a helicopter during february 1988 in saguaro national monument, arizona. pursuit with the helicopter for netting deer ranged from 3 to 15 min. blood profiles included seven hematological characteristics and 12 serum chemistries, electrolytes, hormones and enzymes. urine sa ... | 1990 | 2304204 |
| the use of isoelectric focusing to identify rhinoceros keratins. | keratins represent the principal structural proteins of hair. they are also found in horn, nail, claw, hoof, and feather. hair and nail samples from human and canine sources and hair samples from mule deer, white tail deer, cat, moose, elk, antelope, caribou, raccoon, and goat were studied. parrot and goose feathers were also analyzed. keratins are polymorphic, and species differences are known to exist. proteinaceous extracts of deer and antelope antlers and bovine and rhinoceros horn were prep ... | 1990 | 1691773 |
| an epizootic of besnoitiosis in captive caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou), reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) and mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus). | besnoitia sp. was diagnosed in two caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou) which died of pneumonia at the assiniboine park zoo (winnipeg, manitoba, canada) in 1983. during the following 3 yr besnoitiosis spread to an isolated herd of caribou, to mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus) and to reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). reduction of exposure to biting insects appears to have reduced the transmission of besnoitiosis within the reindeer herd. the morbidity rate was approximately 82% in cari ... | 1990 | 1971029 |
| chromosomal evolution in cervidae. | on the basis of chromosome data obtained on 30 species and 20 subspecies of cervidae, a report is submitted on the karyosystematics of this family. the primitive karyotype of cervidae may be inferred to be composed of 35 acrocentric pairs (2n = 70 fn = 70). during the phyletic evolution of this family different types of chromosome rearrangements were probably selected and the group may have differentiated karyologically into three branches: (1) the cervinae that fixed a centric fusion resulting ... | 1990 | 2249009 |
| survey of hepatic and pulmonary helminths of wild cervids in alberta, canada. | during the 1988 hunting season, livers and lungs from 263 mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus), 198 moose (alces alces), 147 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), and 94 wapiti (cervus elaphus nelsoni) from alberta (canada) were collected for parasitological examination. most of the samples (89%) were submitted by big game hunters throughout the province. giant liver fluke (fascioloides magna) was found in 9% of 22 yearling and 29% of 65 adult wapiti; 4% of 161 adult moose; and 2% of 9 ... | 1990 | 2250321 |
| morphometric analysis of psoroptes spp. mites from bighorn sheep, mule deer, cattle, and rabbits. | a morphometric study of psoroptes spp. mites was conducted to address difficulties encountered in species identification and to provide insights into the phylogenetic relationships between mites found on different hosts. a discriminant analysis employing 9 morphologic characters revealed that the lengths of the outer opisthosomal setae and the lateral margins of the opisthosomal knobs were the 2 most important characters for grouping mites according to host species. this analysis clearly separat ... | 1990 | 2254816 |
| comparative studies on megatrypanum trypanosomes from cervids. | trypanosomes were isolated by culture from 2 out of 50 blood samples collected from reindeer (rangifer tarandus l.) in northern sweden and from a blood sample from a moose (alces alces) from southern sweden. the parasites were indistinguishable morphologically from other trypanosomes reported from cervids, both as epimastigotes in axenic culture at 27 degrees c and as bloodstream-like trypomastigotes cultured on mammalian fibroblasts at 37 degrees c. surface carbohydrate and isoenzyme comparison ... | 1990 | 2382100 |
| saskatchewan. prevalence of campylobacter jejuni in pronghorns and mule deer in southern saskatchewan. | 1990 | 17423564 | |
| human and experimental spongiform encephalopathies: recent progress in pathogenesis. | the spongiform encephalopathies belong to the group of "slow virus infections" of the nervous system, characterized by a long incubation period, a protracted course and involvement of the nervous system with a lethal outcome. in contrast to the conventional virus infections, such as visna in sheep and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml) in humans, the etiological agent for the spongiform encephalopathies has not been clearly defined. the known forms in animals are scrapie in sheep a ... | 1991 | 1676992 |
| immunolocalization of scrapie amyloid (prp27-30) in chronic wasting disease of rocky mountain elk and hybrids of captive mule deer and white-tailed deer. | scrapie amyloid-immunoreactive plaques are present in brain tissues of captive mule deer with chronic wasting disease (cwd), a progressive neurological disorder characterized neuropathologically by widespread spongiform change of the neuropil, intracytoplasmic vacuolation in neuronal perikarya and astrocytic hypertrophy and hyperplasia. we report here the immunolocalization of scrapie amyloid (prp27-30) in plaques observed in brain tissues of rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) and hybri ... | 1991 | 1681473 |
| topographic distribution of scrapie amyloid-immunoreactive plaques in chronic wasting disease in captive mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus). | chronic wasting disease (cwd), a progressive neurological disorder of captive mule deer, black-tailed deer, hybrids of mule deer and white-tailed deer and rocky mountain elk, is characterized neuropathologically by widespread spongiform change of the neuropil, intracytoplasmic vacuolation in neuronal perikarya and astrocytic hypertrophy and hyperplasia. we report the topographic distribution of amyloid plaques reactive to antibodies prepared against scrapie amyloid in cwd-affected captive mule d ... | 1991 | 1713390 |
| antigenic characterization of psoroptes spp. (acari: psoroptidae) mites from different hosts. | immunoblotting with defined antigens and antisera revealed extensive and nearly complete antigenic cross-reactivity between psoroptes spp. mites from a bighorn sheep, a mule deer, a cow, and a rabbit. antigenic differences were not detected between mites from the sympatric bighorn sheep and mule deer. however, minor antigenic differences between mites from the cow and rabbit suggested that these mites were distinct from each other, as well as from the mites from the bighorn sheep and mule deer. ... | 1991 | 1919912 |
| urinary cortisol and urea nitrogen responses in irreversibly undernourished mule deer fawns. | we examined the concentration of urinary cortisol and urea nitrogen of five hand-reared mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) fawns that failed to recover from winter starvation, and compared them to levels found in fawns that recovered. the fawns wintered in fenced pastures stocked with wild deer, and were put back on supplemental feed after losing 15% of their body mass. the five fawns that died began receiving supplemental feed up to 3 wk before death. all continued to lose weight, and were consequ ... | 1991 | 2023326 |
| fertility in an f1 male hybrid of white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) x mule deer (o. hemionus). | the fecundity of an f1 male hybrid deer, from a cross between a male odocoileus virginianus (white-tailed deer) and a female o. hemionus (mule deer), was assessed by cytogenetic and flow cytometric techniques. analysis of chromosome morphology, nucleolus organizer expression, meiotic chromosome pairing, sperm production, and nuclear gene inheritance revealed no genetic anomalies that could potentially impair normal fertility. these observations are discussed in relation to recent reports of hybr ... | 1991 | 1920279 |
| influence of sagebrush terpenoids on mule deer preference. | the effect on mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus rafinesque) preference of compounds in mountain big sagebrush [artemisia tridentata nutt. ssp.vaseyana (rydb.) beetle], wyoming big sagebrush (a. t. ssp.wyomingensis beetle and young), basin big sagebrush (a. t. ssp.tridentata), and black sagebrush (a. nova nels.) was compared using a two-choice preference test. compounds tested included:p-cymene, 1,8-cineole, methacrolein (two concentrations), and the nonvolatile crude terpenoid fraction (nv ... | 1991 | 24258589 |
| spatial variability in the nutrient composition of populus tremuloides: clone-to-clone differences and implications for cervids. | populus tremuloides, a clonal angiosperm, is a major food item for many temperate-region herbivores. clonal variation in chemical composition has potentially important implications for vertebrate herbivores because a single clone may be areally large and hence, may comprise a large part of available forage. the objectives of this study were: (1) to examine spatial variability in nutrient concentrations and quality within and among 24 clones of trembling aspen, and (2) to evaluate these differenc ... | 1991 | 28312739 |
| tests of spatial and temporal interaction among animals. | i report a method for analyzing interaction between two animals around a common object or resource (simple association) or within a shared area (spatial-temporal interaction in home range overlap). the pair's association is reduced to binomial events forming a 2 x 2 classification; each is either present or not in the shared area. for the most common home range overlap description, observed frequencies of presence and absence for each animal are compared to expected frequencies based on two null ... | 1992 | 27759210 |
| allozyme and mitochondrial dna analysis of a hybrid zone between white-tailed deer and mule deer (odocoileus) in west texas. | thirty allozyme loci and 35 mitochondrial dna (mtdna) restriction sites were examined in 24 white-tailed deer and 46 mule deer from a hybrid zone in west texas. a common mtdna genotype is shared by all of the mule deer with 67% of the white-tailed deer. at the albumin locus, 13% of the white-tailed deer and 24% of the mule deer are heterozygous, sharing alleles that are otherwise species-specific in allopatric populations; 7% of the mule deer are homozygous for the allele that is characteristic ... | 1992 | 1325774 |
| serologic survey for brucellosis in feral swine, wild ruminants, and black bear of california, 1977 to 1989. | a retrospective analysis of brucellosis serologic testing results in eight wildlife species in california from 1977 to 1989 was done. samples were collected from 5,398 live-captured or hunter-killed animals and tested by combinations of up to six serologic tests for antibodies to brucella spp. twenty-three of 611 (3.8%) feral swine (sus scrofa), one of 180 (0.6%) black bear (ursus americanus), one of 355 (0.3%) california mule deer (odocoileus hemionus californicus), and one of 1,613 (0.06%) bla ... | 1992 | 1512866 |
| experimental fascioloides magna infections of mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus). | six mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus) and one white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), approximately 5-mo-old, each were inoculated orally with 500 metacercariae of fascioloides magna. all mule deer died from liver fluke infection between 69 and 134 days (mean = 114, se = 9.9) after inoculation. between 38 and 326 immature f. magna (mean = 102, se = 45.5) were recovered from each deer at necropsy. flukes were present in livers, lungs, and free in pleural and peritoneal spaces. infectio ... | 1992 | 1602568 |
| [spongiform encephalopathies with special reference to bovine spongiform encephalopathy]. | in switzerland bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) was detected for the first time in november 1990. it is a transmissible disease of the central nervous system similar to creutzfeldt-jakob disease (cjd), gerstmann-sträussler-scheinker syndrome (gss) and kuru in man, and, in animals, scrapie in sheep and goats, chronic wasting disease (cwd) in captive mule deer and elk of north america and transmissible mink encephalopathy (tme) of farm reared mink. the infectious agent of the spongiform ence ... | 1992 | 1615298 |
| spongiform encephalopathies in cervidae. | the known host range of naturally-occurring transmissible spongiform encephalopathies has expanded in recent years to include wild ruminants. chronic wasting disease (cwd) occurs in mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus) and rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) in colorado and wyoming, united states of america. these species belong to the family cervidae. cases have occurred primarily in captive animals but a few affected free-ranging animals have been identified. clinical disease in bo ... | 1992 | 1617203 |
| british columbia. besnoitia infection in game-farmed reindeer: a trial to determine susceptibility of domestic cattle and mule deer. | 1992 | 17423941 | |
| mitochondrial trna(thr) and trna(pro) sequences from three deer species: odocoileus hemionus, cervus elaphus, and cervus nippon. | 1993 | 7688119 | |
| the biology and molecular biology of scrapie-like diseases. | the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (tse's) are degenerative diseases of the central nervous system which naturally affect man (creutzfeldt-jakob disease [cjd], gerstmann-sträussler syndrome [gss], kuru), sheep and goats (scrapie), cattle (bovine spongiform encephalopathy [bse]), mink (transmissible mink encephalopathy), mule deer, elk and antelope (chronic wasting disease). spongiform encephalopathies have also been diagnosed in captive species of zoo antelope and in domestic cats. mu ... | 1993 | 8219804 |
| prevalence of bluetongue virus expression in leukocytes from experimentally infected ruminants. | replication of bluetongue virus (btv) in leukocytes from the blood of sheep, cattle, elk, and mule deer inoculated with btv serotype 10 or 17 was assessed by immunocytochemical staining and dot blot northern hybridization to determine if differences in the prevalence of infection in this blood fraction might account for the differences in clinical disease among these species. viremia was confirmed by virus isolation in all inoculated animals. analysis of leukocytes with monoclonal antibodies spe ... | 1993 | 8239132 |
| fibrils in brain of rocky mountain elk with chronic wasting disease contain scrapie amyloid. | chronic wasting disease (cwd), a progressive, fatal neurological disorder of captive mule deer and rocky mountain elk, is characterized neuropathologically by spongiform change in the neuropil, intraneuronal vacuolation and astrocytic hypertrophy and hyperplasia. recently, scrapie amyloid-immunoreactive plaques have been demonstrated in brain tissues of cwd-affected captive mule deer, rocky mountain elk and hybrids of captive mule deer and white-tailed deer. we now report on the presence of abno ... | 1993 | 8372644 |
| isolation and in vitro cultivation of babesia parasites from free-ranging desert bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis nelsoni) and mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in california. | protozoal parasites of the genus babesia were isolated for the first time from free-ranging desert bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis nelsoni) and mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) populations in california by in vitro culture of host blood. these naturally infected animals did not have microscopically detectable parasitemia at the time blood was collected for parasite cultivation. three isolates of small babesia parasites were cultured from different sample groups of bighorn sheep, and 2 isolates of ... | 1993 | 8437062 |
| neuropathology of chronic wasting disease of mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni). | the pathology of the central nervous system of nine mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and six elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) with chronic wasting disease, a spongiform encephalopathy of mule deer and elk, was studied by light microscopy. lesions were similar in both species and were characterized by spongiform transformation of gray matter, intracytoplasmic vacuolation of neurons, neuronal degeneration and loss, astrocytic hypertrophy and hyperplasia, occurrence of amyloid plaques, and absence of si ... | 1993 | 8442326 |
| first report of immature thelazia skrjabini (nematoda: thelazioidea) from the eye of a white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus. | the eyes from 103 hunter-killed white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), and 19 mule deer (o. hemionus) killed between 28 november to 14 december 1991 from wainwright, alberta were examined for thelazia spp. one immature male and two immature female thelazia skrjabini were collected from beneath the third eyelid of one adult female o. virginianus. this is the first report of t. skrjabini in a member of the cervidae. | 1993 | 8445781 |
| ultrastructural neuropathology of chronic wasting disease in captive mule deer. | chronic wasting disease (cwd), a progressive and uniformly fatal neurological disorder, is characterized neuropathologically by intraneuronal vacuolation, spongiform change of the neuropil and astrocytic hyperplasia and hypertrophy. ultrastructural neuropathological findings consist of (1) extensive vacuolation in neuronal processes, within myelin sheaths, formed by splitting at the major dense lines or within axons; (2) dystrophic neurites (dendrites, axonal preterminals and myelinated axons co ... | 1993 | 8480515 |
| alberta. polioencephalomalacia in a wild mule deer. | 1993 | 17424259 | |
| multimedia environmental monitoring: 50 years at hanford. | environmental monitoring has been an ongoing activity on the u.s. department of energy's hanford site in southeastern washington for almost 50 years. objectives are to detect and assess potential impacts of site operations on air, surface and ground waters, foodstuffs, fish, wildlife, soil and vegetation. data from monitoring effects are used to calculate the overall radiological dose to humans working onsite or residing in nearby communities. in 1989, measured hanford site perimeter concentrati ... | 1993 | 24220840 |
| seasonal variation in volatile secondary compounds ofchrysothamnus nauseosus (pallas) britt.; asteraceae ssp.hololeucus (gray) hall. & clem. influences herbivory. | chrysothamnus nauseosus (rubber rabbitbrush) is used by browsing animals, especially mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), as a forage in the winter months. it is used only slightly, if at all in the summer. this dietary difference may result from changes in the secondary chemical composition of the leaves. solvent extracts from summer and winter rabbitbrush leaves were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, and the volatile compounds were quantified and identified. hexane and chlorofo ... | 1994 | 24242728 |
| robust estimates of wildlife location using telemetry data. | the location of wildlife is frequently determined using telemetry data gathered at short intervals. if radio transmissions are reflected, as often occurs in mountainous regions, then existing location estimation techniques re unreliable. we explore the effects of gross observation errors upon current analyses and suggest an alternative analysis based on robust state-space time-series modeling. we determine location estimates and their precisions, both for simulated and real mule-deer data, using ... | 1994 | 8068841 |
| modifications of a cholinesterase method for determination of erythrocyte cholinesterase activity in wild mammals. | a method to determine erythrocyte cholinesterase (che) activity was modified for use in wild mammals. erythrocyte che of california voles (microtus californicus) was primarily acetylcholinesterase (ache), which was similar to the brain and unlike plasma which was primarily butyrylcholinesterase (bche). triplicate erythrocyte ache analyses from individual animals of several species of wild rodents revealed a mean coefficient of variation of 8.7% (sd = 4.3%). erythrocyte che activity of several wi ... | 1994 | 8028108 |
| systemic neosporosis in a california black-tailed deer (odocoileus hemionus columbianus). | 1994 | 7858040 | |
| susceptibility of phagocytes from elk, deer, bighorn sheep, and domestic sheep to pasteurella haemolytica cytotoxins. | alveolar macrophages and peripheral blood neutrophils from elk (cervus elaphus), bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis canadensis), and domestic sheep were exposed to culture supernatants from pasteurella haemolytica isolated from bighorn sheep and domestic sheep. in a second experiment, peripheral blood neutrophils from mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), elk, and bighorn sheep were exposed to culture supernatants from p. haemolytica isolated from elk, bighorn sheep and domestic sheep. alveolar macrophag ... | 1994 | 7760482 |
| electron microscopic findings in brain of rocky mountain elk with chronic wasting disease. | we report here the electron microscopic findings in brain of rocky mountain elk with chronic wasting disease (cdw), a progressive and fatal neurological disorder of wild ruminants characterized neuropathologically by intraneuronal vacuolation, spongiform change of the neuropil and astrocytic hypertrophy and hyperplasia. ultrastructural findings included membrane-bound vacuoles in neuronal elements, increased number of glial filaments, dystrophic neurites, numerous neuritic plaques, hirano bodies ... | 1994 | 7982031 |