Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| transfer of fat-soluble vitamins and pcbs from mother to pups in grey seals (halichoerus grypus). | lactation in seals is characterized by a rapid and enormous lipid transfer from mother to pups within a milk rich in lipids. since grey seals do not feed during lactation, all milk constituents are solely derived from body stores. monitoring levels of fat-soluble vitamins as well as pcbs in blubber and milk may give an insight into the mechanisms involved in their mobilization from blubber, transfer into milk and deposition in the blubber of pups. during lactation, total lipids in milk increased ... | 1994 | 7881814 |
| gas exchange of captive freely diving grey seals (halichoerus grypus). | when at sea, phocids dive for long periods and spend a high percentage of their time submerged. this behaviour requires some combination of an increased oxygen storage capacity, rapid oxygen loading at the surface and reduced oxygen utilisation when submerged. to assess these adaptations, breath-by-breath ventilation was studied in four adult grey seals (two male, two female, 160-250 kg), freely diving in a large outdoor tank where surface access was restricted to one breathing hole. the dive pa ... | 1994 | 7931034 |
| nasal heat and water exchange is not an effector mechanism for water balance regulation in grey seals. | phocid seals may effectively restrict respiratory heat and water loss by nasal heat and water exchange (nhe), and respiratory heat loss is, in fact, subject to thermoregulatory control. we have investigated whether phocid seals also control nhe and respiratory water loss to regulate water balance. three resting juvenile female grey seals (halichoerus grypus) were subjected to: (i) 5 days of food and water deprivation, (ii) intravenous infusion of 1000 ml of a hypersomotic (930 mm) solution of th ... | 1994 | 7942059 |
| the metabolic characteristics of the locomotory muscles of grey seals (halichoerus grypus), harbour seals (phoca vitulina) and antarctic fur seals (arctocephalus gazella). | it is not known precisely how marine mammals are able to maintain muscle function during active swimming in breath-hold dives, when ventilation stops and heart rate falls. examination of muscle biochemistry and histochemistry can provide information on the relative importance of different metabolic pathways, the contractile potential of the muscle fibres, the oxygen storage capacity of the muscle and the capillary distribution in these animals. in this study, samples of locomotory muscle were ta ... | 1994 | 7964404 |
| diseases and environmental contaminants in seals from the baltic and the swedish west coast. | investigations have shown that baltic grey seal (halichoerus grypus) and ringed seal (phoca hispida) suffer from a disease complex described as a primary lesion in the adrenals causing secondary reactions in various other organs. studies on historical baltic grey seal skull bone material show that the prevalence of affected animals started to increase after world war ii. the disease complex explains the dramatic decrease in the baltic grey and ringed seal population during the 1960s and 1970s an ... | 1994 | 7973608 |
| parapox infection in grey seals (halichoerus grypus) in cornwall. | in the winter of 1991/92 there was an outbreak of parapox infection in grey seals (halichoerus grypus) around the coast of cornwall. pups were cared for at a seal rehabilitation centre and the infection occurred in most of them. the presence of parapox virus was confirmed by electron microscopy. the clinical and pathological findings, together with details of the morphology of the virus, are compared with those in previous outbreaks in north america. | 1994 | 8009786 |
| selective retention of hydroxylated pcb metabolites in blood. | polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) are important environmental contaminants, and their toxicity to wildlife and humans are of major concern. pcbs form persistent and abundant metabolites, pcb methyl sulfones, that accumulate in biota. we now report that certain hydroxylated pcb metabolites show a strong and selective accumulation in mammalian blood. plasma from experimentally pcb-dosed rats and blood from environmentally exposed grey seals (halichoerus grypus) and humans were analyzed. among all p ... | 1994 | 8593850 |
| mercury and selenium in arctic and coastal seals off the coast of norway. | mercury and selenium concentrations (wet weight) have been determined in samples of liver, kidney and brain of grey seal (halichoerus grypus), harbour seal (phoca vitulina), harp seal (phoca groenlandica) and ringed seal (phoca hispida) caught along the norwegian coast, 114 individuals in all. significant differences have been found in mercury contamination between the 4 species caught in the same coastal area, jarfjord, located at the north-east of the norwegian coast close to the russian borde ... | 1994 | 15091671 |
| isolation of a parapoxvirus from a grey seal (halichoerus grypus). | a grey seal (halichoerus grypus) developed cutaneous pocks which progressed to involve the skin extensively, necessitating euthanasia. macroscopically and histologically the lesions resembled previous descriptions of parapoxvirus infections of seals and virus particles were observed in preparations of a scab and a skin lesion. suspensions of the scab and skin lesion were prepared and inoculated on to monolayer cultures of grey seal kidney cells. after 25 days in culture and three passages, cytop ... | 1995 | 8644435 |
| evidence for mate fidelity in the gray seal. | colonially breeding gray seals are polygynous. males are larger than females, compete with each other for position among aggregated females, and contribute no parental care. genetic analysis of pups born on the island of north rona, scotland, reveals large numbers of full siblings, although dominant males father disproportionately few of these. this result cannot be explained by mating patterns based solely on male dominance and the spatio-temporal organization of the breeding colony. instead, m ... | 1995 | 17797534 |
| microsatellite variation in grey seals (halichoerus grypus) shows evidence of genetic differentiation between two british breeding colonies. | eight highly variable microsatellite loci were used to examine the genetic variability and differentiation of grey seals (halichoerus grypus) at two widely spaced british breeding colonies. samples were collected from adults and pups on the island of north rona, off the north-west coast of scotland, and on the isle of may, situated at the mouth of the firth of forth on the east coast. highly significant differences in allele frequencies between these two sites were found for all eight loci, indi ... | 1995 | 8564005 |
| lipoprotein lipase activity and its relationship to high milk fat transfer during lactation in grey seals. | lipoprotein lipase regulates the hydrolysis of circulating triglyceride and the uptake of fatty acids by most tissues, including the mammary gland and adipose tissue. thus, lipoprotein lipase is critical for the uptake and secretion of the long-chain fatty acids in milk and for the assimilation of a high-fat milk diet by suckling young. in the lactating female, lipoprotein lipase appears to be regulated such that levels in adipose tissue are almost completely depressed while those in the mammary ... | 1995 | 8576451 |
| morbillivirus infections of aquatic mammals: newly identified members of the genus. | several disease outbreaks, which have caused the deaths of many thousands of seals and dolphins during the last decade, have now been attributed to infections with newly identified morbilliviruses. outbreaks in the late eighties amongst harbour seals (phoca vitulina) and grey seals (halichoerus grypus) in northwestern europe and amongst baikal seals (phoca sibirica) in siberia were caused by the newly discovered phocine distemper virus and by a strain of canine distemper virus, respectively. alt ... | 1995 | 8588316 |
| leucocyte interleukin-1-like activity in the common seal (phoca vitulina) and grey seal (halichoerus grypus). | interleukin-1 (il-1) is an important cytokine with predominantly proinflammatory activities, which have been characterized in many mammals. this study showed the production of il-1-like bioactivity by cultured seal leucocytes. increasing concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (lps) (0-1 micrograms/ml) stimulated an increase in measurable il-1-like activity in cell culture supernates. this activity increased for the first 24 h after lps stimulation and the substance responsible had an apparent mole ... | 1995 | 8592051 |
| epizootiology of morbillivirus infection in north american harbor seals (phoca vitulina) and gray seals (halichoerus grypus). | a longitudinal study of morbillivirus infection among harbor (phoca vitulina) and gray (halichoerus grypus) seals on the atlantic coast of north america was carried out between 1980 and 1994. serology also was carried out on harbor seals from the pacific northwest coast collected in 1992 and 1993. the prevalence of morbillivirus neutralizing antibodies was significantly (p < 0.0001) higher in gray (73%, n = 296) than in harbor seals (37%, n = 387) from the atlantic. titers were significantly (p ... | 1995 | 8592380 |
| a molecular view of pinniped relationships with particular emphasis on the true seals. | phylogenetic analysis of conservative nucleotide substitutions in 18 complete sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of phocidae (true seals), odobenidae (walruses), and otariidae (sea lions and fur seals), plus three ursid and three felid sequences, identified the pinnipeds as monophyletic with otariidae and odobenidae on a common evolutionary branch. analysis of total nucleotide differences separated the evolutionary lineages of northern and southern phocids. both lineages are distin ... | 1995 | 7714914 |
| milk intake, growth and energy consumption in pups of ice-breeding grey seals (halichoerus grypus) from the gulf of st. lawrence, canada. | in this study we document growth, milk intake and energy consumption in nursing pups of ice-breeding grey seals (halichoerus grypus). change in body composition of the pups, change in milk composition as lactation progresses, and mass transfer efficiency between nursing mothers and pups are also measured. mass transfer efficiency between mother-pup pairs (n = 8) was 42.5 +/- 8.4%. pups were gaining a daily average of 2.0 +/- 0.7 kg (n = 12), of which 75% was fat, 3% protein and 22% water. the to ... | 1995 | 7738230 |
| isolation of parapoxvirus from grey seals. | 1995 | 7740722 | |
| genetic variation in phoca vitulina (the harbour seal) revealed by dna fingerprinting and rapds. | genetic variation in two harbour seal (phoca vitulina) populations from the dutch wadden sea and scotland was examined by rapd analysis and dna fingerprinting. for comparison a population of grey seals (halichoerus grypus) was studied. the rapd method revealed a very low number of polymorphic bands. the multilocus dna fingerprinting technique showed very low levels of variation both within and between populations of the harbour seals. for one probe a significant difference in variation between p ... | 1995 | 7615403 |
| pineal and thyroid functions in newborn seals. | daily variations of pineal and plasma melatonin and plasma thyroid hormones were measured in harp seals (phoca groenlandica), grey seals (halichoerus grypus), and hooded seals (cystophora cristata), ranging in age from newborn to 14 days. in newborn harp seals the mean mass of the pineal gland was 273 mg (+/- 45 sem, n = 11), containing 49 ng (median) melatonin. in newborn, 4- and 10-day-old grey seals, the pineal mass was similar, weighing on average 337 mg (+/- 74, n = 6) and containing 90 ng ... | 1995 | 7628691 |
| levels of alpha-hch, lindane, and enantiomeric ratios of alpha-hch in marine mammals from the northern hemisphere. | the enantiomeric ratios of alpha-hch were determined by chiral gas chromatography in blubber of marine mammals from regions of the northern hemisphere (north sea, baltic sea, arctic and iceland). cetaceans (harbour porpoises and white-beaked dolphins) showed a preferential accumulation of (+)-alpha-hch. in blubber of harbour seals, grey seals and harp seals (+)-alpha-hch was also more abundant than (-)-alpha-hch. hooded seals formed an exception with a (+/-) enantiomeric ratio of alpha-hch < 1. | 1995 | 8528649 |
| organochlorine residues in two seal species from western iceland. | harbour seals and grey seals from faxaflói (western iceland) were analyzed for contamination with organochlorines (hcb, pcbs, p,p'-ddt,p,p'-dde, chlordanes and the enantiomers of alpha-hch). although the values strongly varied, both harbour seals and grey seals on averaged showed comparable levels of pcbs, p,p'-ddt, p,p'-dde and alpha-hch, as well as chlordanes (sigma cd). differences were measured in the hcb content of the seal species. the hcb/alpha-hch ratio in harbour seals was < 1 and in gr ... | 1995 | 7481739 |
| [the structure of the fragments of 3 exons of the myoglobin gene in the baikal seal phoca sibirica]. | three exon regions of the myoglobin gene of baikal seal phoca sibirica have been amplified and sequenced. the sequences have been found identical to those for the myoglobin gene of the north atlantic seal halichoerus grypus. thus, these seal species have separated not earlier than 2.2 billion years before present. | 1996 | 9092243 |
| characterization of phocid herpesvirus-1 and -2 as putative alpha- and gammaherpesviruses of north american and european pinnipeds. | to study the relationships between herpesvirus recently isolated from different pinniped species, antigenic and genetic analyses were performed. first, herpesviruses isolated from north american harbour seals (phoca vitulina), a californian sea lion (zalophus californianus) and a european grey seal (halichoerus grypus) were examined in an enzyme immunoassay (eia) with a panel of monoclonal antibodies which had previously been shown to allow typing of herpesviruses from european harbour seals int ... | 1996 | 8558126 |
| organochlorine compounds in blubber, liver and brain in neonatal grey seal pups. | the present study focuses on the distribution and accumulation of persistent organochlorine compounds in different tissues and organs of grey seal (halichoerus grypus) pups. thus, levels of drins (aldrin, dieldrin, endrin), chlordanes (heptachlor, heptachlorepoxide, oxychlordane, transnonachlor), ddts (p,p'-dde, o,p'-ddd, p,p'-ddd, o,p'-ddt, p,p'-ddt) and 22 pcb congeners were determined in samples of brain, fat, and liver of 0-10 days old grey seal pups from the species' main breeding site in n ... | 1996 | 8653379 |
| the "phoca standard": an external molecular reference for calibrating recent evolutionary divergences. | comparison of the complete mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of the high-arctic ringed seal (phoca hispida) and the sub-arctic harbour (p. vitulina) and grey (halichoerus grypus) seals shows that they are genetically equidistant from one another. we relate the evolutionary divergence of the three species to expanding glaciation in the arctic basin and establish, in conjunction with mtdna data, a standard reference for calibration of recent divergence events among mammalian taxa. in the present study, we ... | 1996 | 8660422 |
| an overview of exposure to, and effects of, petroleum oil and organochlorine pollution in grey seals (halichoerus grypus). | most incidences involving oil pollution of grey seals (halichoerus grypus) seem to have occurred at the breeding sites. because of the high concentration of animals at this time, even small oil spills will pollute many animals. as a result of chronic low-level pollution from coastal ship traffic and discharges from offshore petroleum activity in the north sea, approximately 50% of the grey seal pups at the largest breeding colony in norway are polluted each year by oil. in this case, as well as ... | 1996 | 8685703 |
| the impact of the 1993 braer oil spill on grey seals in shetland. | signs of acute respiratory distress were reported in moulting grey seals (halichoerus grypus) hauled out on lady's holm, shetland, following the braer oil spill in january, 1993. behavioural observations carried out between 16 january and 13 february 1993 showed that the proportion of animals exhibiting a discharge of nasal mucus was significantly higher than the proportion at a control site in the north (papa stour). the proportion of animals affected on lady's holm increased for up to one mont ... | 1996 | 8685704 |
| isolation of brucella species from cetaceans, seals and an otter. | brucella organisms which differed from the recognised species of the genus, were isolated from nine seals, eight cetaceans and one otter. a method is described for the isolation of brucella species from sea mammals and the first isolations of brucella species are recorded from an atlantic white-sided dolphin (lagenorhynchus acutus), two striped dolphins (stenella coeuleoalba), a hooded seal (cystophora cristata), a grey seal (halichoerus grypus) and a european otter (lutra lutra). there were dif ... | 1996 | 8799984 |
| contribution of coplanar and non-coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls to the toxic equivalence of grey seal (halichoerus grypus) milk. | we measured the concentration of coplanar polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) congeners #77, #126 and #169 in the milk of 21 individual grey seals (halichoerus grypus) from the same scottish colony. using the toxic equivalency factors (tefs) of ahlborg et al. (1994) we found teqs ranged between 8.4 and 45.7 pg/g, with a mean of 22.3 +/- 9.3 pg/g on a lipid weight basis (n = 32). for some samples we also had concentrations of mono-ortho and di-orthochlorinated pcbs. inclusion of these congeners approx ... | 1996 | 8799994 |
| chromosome survey of seals in the baltic sea in 1988-1992. | the populations of grey seals (halichoerus grypus) and ringed seals (phoca hispida botnica) in the baltic sea have decreased very much, especially during the last decades. environmental pollution has been seen as an important cause. as top predators, the seals accumulate pollutants from their environment. high concentrations of chlorinated hydrocarbons and heavy metals have been found in seals from the baltic sea. in the present study the possible mutagenic effects of environmental pollutants on ... | 1996 | 8854834 |
| the mitochondrial dna molecule of sumatran orangutan and a molecular proposal for two (bornean and sumatran) species of orangutan. | the complete mitochondrial dna (mtdna) molecule of sumatran orangutan, plus the complete mitochondrial control region of another sumatran specimen and the control regions and five protein-coding genes of two specimens of bornean orangutan were sequenced and compared with a previously reported complete mtdna of bornean orangutan. the two orangutans are presently separated at the subspecies level. comparison with five different species pairs-namely, harbor seal/grey seal, horse/donkey, fin whale/b ... | 1996 | 8875856 |
| the complete mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of the donkey and mtdna comparisons among four closely related mammalian species-pairs. | the nucleotide sequence of the complete mitochondrial genome of the donkey, equus asinus, was determined. the length of the molecule is 16,670 bp. the length, however, is not absolute due to pronounced heteroplasmy caused by variable numbers of two types of repetitive motifs in the control region. the sequence of the repeats is (a) 5'-cacaccca and (b) 5'-tgcgcgca, respectively. the order of (a) and (b) can be expressed as {n[2(a)+(b)]+m(a)}. in 32 different clones analyzed the number of n and m ... | 1996 | 8875857 |
| use of electroejaculation to collect semen samples from wild seals. | semen samples were obtained from 7 adult male gray seals (halichoerus grypus) at a colony on sable island, nova scotia, canada, using a portable electroejaculation system. males were anesthetized with tiletamine-zolazepam. a probe was inserted in the rectum, and a progressive series of 10 to 15 stimulations (1 to 9 v, 25 to 750 ma) was applied. males ejaculated after 15 to 29 minutes of stimulation and produced ejaculates with volumes of 4 to 17 ml that had vigorous, motile spermatozoa. although ... | 1996 | 8899030 |
| metabolic and hormonal changes during the molt of captive gray seals (halichoerus grypus). | body mass, resting metabolic rates (rmrs), and serum thyroid hormones concentrations of six captive gray seals (halichoerus grypus) were measured at regular intervals before, during, and after the annual molt. changes in body mass suggested that the animals had increased energy expenditures during the last stage of the molt. these were associated with significantly elevated rmrs during the molt, the increase being more pronounced in juveniles ( < or = 53%) than in adults ( < or = 17%). the incre ... | 1996 | 8928905 |
| morphometric study of specific heart granules in the grey seal (halichoerus grypus). | specific heart granules in the grey seal, halichoerus grypus, a marine mammal, were studied and compared with those in the wistar rat by ultrastructural morphometry. there is extreme paucity of these granules in atrial cells of the seal, even in the region of the golgi apparatus, compared with those in the rat. by numerical concentration, granules in the seal are 23 times fewer in number than in the rat. they are also fewer in number than in bats and hamsters for which data is available. the mea ... | 1996 | 8993626 |
| histological, histochemical, and fine structural observations on the lymph node of the common seal (phoca vitulina) and the grey seal (halichoerus grypus). | the recent seal death epizootic prompted interest in their immune system, for which no current morphological data were available. | 1997 | 9026002 |
| comparative antibody response in harbour and grey seals naturally infected by a morbillivirus. | the antibody response of free-ranging harbour and grey seals, naturally infected by a morbillivirus, was assessed using a virus neutralizing test and a radio-immunoprecipitation assay. the prevalence of antibody was similar between species, however, grey seals had significantly higher virus neutralizing titers. serum from clinically healthy grey seals precipitated the nucleocapsid (n) protein along with the hemagglutinin (h) and fusion (f) glycoproteins. by contrast, significantly fewer harbour ... | 1997 | 9151405 |
| temperature effects on the breeding distribution of grey seals (halichoerus grypus). | the metabolic rates of six female grey seal (halichoerus grypus) pups were measured during their postweaning fast at air temperatures between -15 degrees and 30 degrees c. the composite of their individual thermal neutral zones extended from a mean lower critical temperature of -7.1 degrees +/- 0.7 degree c to a mean upper critical temperature of 23.0 degrees +/- 0.4 degree c. within the thermal neutral zone, mean standard metabolic rate of the fasting animals was 1,265 +/- 82 kcal d-1, or about ... | 1997 | 9237304 |
| bioaccumulation of toxic chlororganic compounds and their isomers into the organism of baltic grey seal. | a comparison of pcb (polychlorinated biphenyls) contents of biota in different areas of the baltic sea suggests the northern part of the gulf of riga and väinameri sea (estonian coastal water) as reference area for the baltic sea. the concentrations for two most important pcb isomers iupac 138 and 153 in the blubber of 2-6 year old grey seals (halichoerus grypus) varied from 2,3-4,1 mg/kg (extractable fat) and from 2,9-5,2 mg/kg (extractable fat) respectively. | 1997 | 9297788 |
| concentration-dependent changes of pcb patterns in fish-eating mammals: structural evidence for induction of cytochrome p450. | data sets on cb concentrations in fish-eating mammals from five laboratories were combined to test and refine a pharmacokinetic model. clear differences in pcb patterns were observed between species. the ability to metabolize chlorobiphenyl (cb) congeners with vicinal h-atoms only in the ortho- and meta-positions and with one ortho-chlorine substituent generally increased in the order otter < cetaceans (harbor porpoise, common dolphin) < phocid seals (harbor and grey seal), but the metabolism of ... | 1997 | 9353208 |
| evidence for a long-lasting single administration contraceptive vaccine in wild grey seals. | a single-administration birth control vaccine based on liposome delivery of porcine zona pellucida antigens reduced pup production in grey seals (halichoerus grypus) by about 90%. anti-porcine zona pellucida titers of individual seals with two or more recaptures were variable but without a diminishing trend during the 5 year post-immunization period. seals that produced at least one or more pups during the 2-5 year post-immunization period when the vaccine is fully effective, had an average anti ... | 1997 | 9373857 |
| temporal trends in antibody production in captive grey, harp and hooded seals to a single administration immunocontraceptive vaccine. | the temporal production of antibody to a single-administration immunocontraceptive vaccine, known to be immunocontraceptive in free-ranging female grey seals (halichoerus grypus), was studied in captive grey seals, harp seals (phoca groenlandica) and hooded seals (cystophora cristata). the vaccine is based on liposome delivery of porcine zona pellucida antigens. when measured by antigen capture, the response of hooded and harp seals to the vaccine was similar to the response of grey seals. deter ... | 1997 | 9373858 |
| antibodies to brucella in marine mammals around the coast of england and wales. | following the isolation of previously unrecognised species of brucella from stranded seals and cetaceans in scotland and northern england, a serological survey was carried out to investigate the range of marine mammal species which may have been exposed to brucella species around the coasts of england and wales, the prevalence of infection and the temporal and geographical distribution of seropositive animals. serum collected from 153 stranded marine mammals from the coasts of england and wales ... | 1997 | 9416675 |
| fecundity of sealworm (pseudoterranova decipiens) infecting grey seals (halichoerus grypus) in the gulf of st. lawrence, canada: lack of density-dependent effects. | uterine egg counts were determined by means of an electronic particle counter in individual female sealworm, pseudoterranova decipiens (nematoda: ascaridoidea: anisakidae) collected from grey seals (halichoerus grypus) from anticosti island, northern gulf of st. lawrence, in august and september 1992. mean number of eggs per female was 54,916.9 (+/- 51,866.4), with a maximum of 300,000. egg counts were strongly correlated with worm length, and less so with host sex and age, sealworm sex ratio, a ... | 1997 | 9421731 |
| polychlorinated diphenyl ethers, dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans and biphenyls in seals and sediment from the gulf of finland. | polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (pcdes), 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdds) and dibenzofurans (pcdfs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) were analyzed in seals from the gulf of finland and in sediments from the gulf of finland and near gotland. the sediments included one surface core from both sampling sites. the seal material consisted of 14 ringed seals and 6 grey seals that all were found dead and examined for pathology. the main aims were to scrutinize levels an ... | 1997 | 9308160 |
| the use of non destructive biomarkers in the study of marine mammals. | marine mammals have been subject to heavy anthropogenic pressure by direct killing and chemical pollution all over the world. most studies of contamination and biomarker responses in marine mammals have been conducted using animals killed by hunting out of a total of 12 cetacean species studied, 45 of the specimens were obtained by sacrificing the animal; out of a total of eight pinniped species studied, 40 of the specimens were obtained by killing. the development of a series of non destructive ... | 1997 | 23899212 |
| dna fingerprinting evidence of nonfilial nursing in grey seals. | we tested the hypothesis that kin selection may play a role in fostering behaviour in grey seals. fostering frequency varied among three colonies, ranging from 3% to 28%. band-sharing coefficients (s) of dna fingerprints, from two multilocus probes, were used to predict relatedness (r). mean r did not differ between foster mother-pup pairs and the expected r = 0 for presumed unrelated female-pup pairs. likewise, mean r between fostered and filial pups compared to r between presumed unrelated pup ... | 1998 | 9465418 |
| aeromonas hydrophila septicaemia in a grey seal (halichoerus grypus) from the baltic sea: a case study. | aeromonas hydrophila septicaemia in a grey seal (halichoerus grypus) from the swedish part of the baltic sea is reported. the pathogen was isolated from both lung and spleen specimens. all of the a. hydrophila isolates produced haemolysin and vero active cytotoxin. the aerolysin gene was found in all tested isolates as evidenced by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique. also, all isolates tested showed identical patterns of biochemical and antibiotic resistance. as aeromonas spp. commonl ... | 1998 | 9597306 |
| causes of mortality and non-fatal conditions among grey seals (halichoerus grypus) found dead on the coasts of england, wales and the isle of man. | a survey of the diseases detectable in 141 grey seals stranded on the coasts of england and wales away from breeding colonies was carried out between mid-1989 and early 1997. the most common fatal conditions in pups less than three weeks of age were trauma (24 per cent of deaths) and dystocia (12 per cent); in pups more than three weeks of age thy were starvation (22 per cent) and pneumonia (22 per cent); in juveniles they were drowning in fishing gear (30 per cent) and starvation (19 per cent), ... | 1998 | 9682418 |
| salmonella typhimurium dt104 in a grey seal. | 1998 | 9682423 | |
| morbillivirus infections in aquatic mammals. | morbillivirus infections which were not documented in aquatic mammals until 1988, have caused at least five epizootics in these species during the last 10 years. affected populations include european harbour seals (phoca vitulina) and grey seals (halichoerus grypus) in 1998, baikal seals (phoca siberica) in siberia from 1987-1988, striped dolphins (stenella coeruleoalba) in the mediterranean sea from 1990-1992 and bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus) along the eastern coast of the united sta ... | 1998 | 9807724 |
| levels and enantiomeric ratios of alpha-hch, oxychlordane, and pcb 149 in blubber of harbour seals (phoca vitulina) and grey seals (halichoerus grypus) from iceland and further species. | the chiral stationary phase beta-tbdm (35% heptakis(6-o-tert.-butyldimethylsilyl-2,3-di-o-methyl)-beta-cyc lod extrin in ov-1701) was applied to study the enantioenrichment of alpha-hch, oxychlordane, and pcb 149 in blubber of two seal species from iceland by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. the examined harbour seals (phoca vitulina) and grey seals (halichoerus grypus) showed alpha-hch enantiomeric ratios (er) > 1. the er of pcb 149 was comparable in the two species from icel ... | 1998 | 9828350 |
| changes in fibrinolytic activity in diving grey seals. | in order to test the hypothesis that enhanced fibrinolytic activity is a factor which prevents the blood of diving seals from clotting, we instrumented two female grey seals (halichoerus grypus) with subcutaneous electrodes for measurements of heart rate (hr) and an extradural intravertebral venous catheter for collection of blood samples before, during and after simulated dives of 10 min duration. blood samples were used for in vitro determination of clot lysis time (clt), which is a measure of ... | 1998 | 9828397 |
| blood chemistry and hematology of gray seal (halichoerus grypus) pups from birth to postweaning. | serum and plasma samples were collected from 92 gray seal (halichoerus grypus) pups, all less than 5 wk old, and from 21 yearlings during the breeding season at the isle of may, firth of forth, scotland, for hematologic and clinical chemistry analysis. in the pups, total wbc, total protein, and glucose values increased until weaning and declined during the postweaning fast. liver enzymes, particularly alkaline phosphatase, were high at birth and decreased steadily with age, most rapidly during t ... | 1998 | 10065847 |
| molecular cloning and phylogenetic analysis of beluga whale (delphinapterus leucas) and grey seal (halichoerus grypus) interleukin 2. | interleukin 2 (il-2) is a lymphokine produced by activated t helper lymphocytes which exerts immunoregulatory effects on a variety of immune cells, including t cells, activated b cells, natural killer cells, and lymphokine-activated killer cells. in this study, we cloned and determined the entire beluga whale (delphinapterus leucas) and grey seal (halichoerus grypus) il-2-encoding cdna sequences, and analysed their genetic relationships with those from several mammalian species obtained from the ... | 1999 | 10206205 |
| health condition of the baltic grey seal (halichoerus grypus) during two decades. gynaecological health improvement but increased prevalence of colonic ulcers. | results obtained at postmortem examinations of 159 baltic grey seals during the 20-year period 1977-1996 are presented. the investigation was initiated due to a serious reduction of the baltic grey and ringed seal populations. earlier, reduced reproductive ability with occlusions and stenoses of the uterus, as well as a disease complex in adult individuals of both sexes, was reported. the disease complex comprised lesions of claws, skull bone, intestine (colonic ulcers), kidneys (glomerulopathy, ... | 1999 | 10223299 |
| thyroid hormones in grey seal pups (halichoerus grypus). | the aim of the present study was to describe the changes in thyroid hormone status in grey seal (halichoerus grypus) pups from birth to weaning and moulting. plasma concentrations of total thyroxine (tt4) were highest the first two days after birth, thereafter dropping to a lower, but stable level. this pattern may reflect a high transfer rate of maternal thyroxine prepartum, prior to parturition, or postpartum via colostrum, or it may be caused by active secretory thyrocytes in late foetal stag ... | 1999 | 10327615 |
| localization and comparative toxicity of methylsulfonyl-2,5- and 2,6-dichlorobenzene in the olfactory mucosa of mice. | several methylsulfonyl (meso2) metabolites formed from chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons have been identified in human milk, lung, and body fat, as well as in the tissues of baltic grey seals and arctic polar bears. the tissue localization and nasal toxicity of two methylsulfonyl-substituted dichlorobenzenes (dicl-meso2-b), with the chlorine atoms in the 2,5-, and 2,6- positions, were investigated in female nmri and c57b1 mice. using tape-section autoradiography, animals dosed i.v. with 14c-labe ... | 1999 | 10367349 |
| proximate factors associated with high levels of extraconsort fertilization in polygynous grey seals. | behavioural estimates of male mating success in polygynous grey seals, halichoerus grypus, may be misleading as females are known to be promiscuous. at sable island, nova scotia, we collected behavioural observations and skin samples for paternity analysis from 56 females and their attending males. twenty-four of these females were found in the following year and their offspring were sampled. using seven hypervariable microsatellite loci, we excluded the consort male as the father in 43% of the ... | 1999 | 10479368 |
| radionuclides in seals and porpoises in the coastal waters around the uk. | it has been suggested that marine predators be assessed for biologically relevant contamination levels because of their trophic position. accordingly, in studying radioactive contamination in the marine environment around the uk, tissues from seals and porpoises have been chosen. liver and muscle tissue from dead seals and porpoises found stranded around the uk coast have been analysed for the following radionuclides: 134cs, 137cs, 238pu, 239pu + 240pu. multifactor analysis of variance indicated ... | 1999 | 10507144 |
| biomarkers of dna damage in marine mammals. | certain environmental contaminants found in marine mammals have been shown to cause dna damage and cancer. the micronuclei (mn), sister chromatid exchange (sce) and/or chromosome aberration (ca) assays were used to assess baseline (spontaneous) levels of dna damage in blood lymphocytes of individuals of the relatively healthy and lightly contaminated arctic beluga whale (delphinapterus leucas), sarasota bay, fl, bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus) and northwestern atlantic grey (halichoerus ... | 1999 | 10521683 |
| where have all the fathers gone? an extensive microsatellite analysis of paternity in the grey seal (halichoerus grypus). | microsatellites were used to conduct an extensive analysis of paternity of grey seals from two scottish breeding colonies at north rona (n = 1189) and the isle of may (n = 694), spanning more than a decade. a maximum of 46% of pups at north rona and 29% of pups at the isle of may could be allocated a father, even though the majority of candidate males for specific study sites within each colony were believed to have been sampled. based on the paternities which could be assigned, both colonies sh ... | 1999 | 10564447 |
| giardiasis in pinnipeds from eastern canada. | cysts of giardia sp. were detected in feces from the rectum of 20 of 74 pinnipeds examined from the eastern coast of canada in 1997 and 1998 using a monoclonal antibody technique. infected pinnipeds included 15 adult harp seals (phoca groenlandica), four adult grey seals (halichoerus grypus), and one juvenile harbor seal (phoca vitulina). cysts were not detected in 15 seal pups <1-yr-old. the highest prevalence (50%) occurred in adult harp seals collected near the magdalen islands in the gulf of ... | 1999 | 10574540 |
| variation in milk production and lactation performance in grey seals and consequences for pup growth and weaning characteristics. | phocid seals are one of the few groups of mammals capable of sustaining the energetic demands of lactation entirely through body nutrient stores while fasting. lactation performance of the female in turn influences the rate and pattern of pup growth. we examined variation in and patterns of milk composition and production, maternal energy output, and pup growth and energy deposition over the entire lactation period in 18 grey seal mother-pup pairs using hydrogen isotope (3h2o and d2o) dilution. ... | 1999 | 10603331 |
| treatment of lesions of osteomyelitis in the hind flippers of six grey seals (halichoerus grypus). | six rescued grey seal (halichoerus grypus) pups had traumatic injuries to their hind flippers; three had osteomyelitis without fractures, one had a single fracture and associated osteomyelitis, and two had multiple compound fractures and large open wounds. the medical and surgical methods used to treat these lesions are described. a proprietary waterproof covering appeared to be a better method for dressing the wounds than conventional bandaging. | 1999 | 10609572 |
| levels and patterns of pcbs and oc pesticides in harbour and grey seals from the st lawrence estuary, canada. | blubber samples from harbour (phoca vitulina) and grey seals (halichoerus grypus) captured in the st lawrence estuary were analysed for pcbs and oc pesticides. concentrations of sigma pcb, sigma ddt, sigma chlor and mirex were higher in harbour than in grey seals, while sigma hch and hcb were similar in the two species. age vs. concentration plots showed that sigma pcb, sigma ddt and sigma chlor concentrations increased with age in males, but plateaued at sexual maturity in females. concentratio ... | 1999 | 10635597 |
| estimation of offspring production from a limited number of stage-structured censuses. | we propose a procedure for maximum likelihood estimation of the number of animals or offspring in a closed population where the individuals counted go through stages or age-groups. application of the procedure requires knowledge of the distributions of the stage durations. a procedure for maximum likelihood estimation of those based on marked animals is also given. the procedures are illustrated by applying them to gray seal (halichoerus grypus) data from froan nature reserve, central norway, fr ... | 1999 | 11318176 |
| heavy metal content in liver and kidneys of grey seals (halichoerus grypus) in various life stages correlated with metallothionein levels: some metal-binding characteristics of this protein. | liver and kidneys from grey seals (halichoerus grypus) in their natural habitats in norwegian waters contain high levels of cd and hg as well as metallothionein (mt). the data show significant placental transfer of heavy metals in seals. the mt concentrations were higher in fetus liver and kidneys than in the liver and kidneys of juveniles and adults. a significantly higher proportion of the total cd and cu, as compared to zn and hg, in fetal liver was associated with mt. only low amounts of met ... | 1999 | 29857630 |
| finescale topographical correlates of behavioural investment in offspring by female grey seals, halichoerus grypus. | grey seals breed colonially on substrates ranging from ice to rocky or sandy beaches. clear differences in seal behaviour patterns exist among such broad classes of breeding habitat. however, finer scale topographical variation is likely to influence individual behaviour with consequences for pupping success. we examined topographical influences on the behaviour of breeding female grey seals by quantifying topography at a subseal size resolution. using submetre resolution digital terrain models ... | 2000 | 10675255 |
| patterns of paternal relatedness in british grey seal colonies. | previous studies of breeding behaviour in the grey seal, halichoerus grypus, have painted conflicting pictures. behavioural observations suggest a classical polygynous system with a small number of dominant males fathering most of the offspring. however, genetic analysis suggests that many potential fathers spend little time ashore, that some pairs of seals show partner fidelity and that the dominant males are not as successful as their behaviour would suggest. here we used paternal relatedness ... | 2000 | 10736026 |
| seasonal changes in buoyancy and diving behaviour of adult grey seals. | phocid seals go through dramatic seasonal changes in body mass and composition as a result of the spatial and temporal separation of foraging, reproduction and moulting. these changes in body fat content and body mass result in seasonal changes in buoyancy, which in turn may influence diving behaviour. we examined the longitudinal changes in buoyancy and diving behaviour of 14 adult grey seals (halichoerus grypus) during two periods that represent maximal contrast in body mass and composition. d ... | 2000 | 10887070 |
| metabolic compensation during high energy output in fasting, lactating grey seals (halichoerus grypus): metabolic ceilings revisited. | lactation is the most energetically expensive period for female mammals and is associated with some of the highest sustained metabolic rates (susmr) in vertebrates (reported as total energy throughput). females typically deal with this energy demand by increasing food intake and the structure of the alimentary tract may act as the central constraint to ceilings on susmr at about seven times resting or standard metabolic rate (smr). however, demands of lactation may also be met by using a form of ... | 2000 | 10902691 |
| transfer of fatty acids from female seal blubber via milk to pup bladder. | fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography followed by principal component analysis (pca) and soft independent modelling of class analogy (simca) in the blubber of 18 female grey seals, halichoerus grypus, in their milk and in the blubber of their 1-week-old nursing pups. large individual differences were observed in both blubber and milk content of fatty acids. the fatty acid composition of the milk was systematically different from the composition in maternal blubber, with higher relati ... | 2000 | 10935518 |
| conditions in grey seal pups (halichoerus grypus) presented for rehabilitation. | a survey was carried out on the condition of 188 live grey seal (halichoerus grypus) pups presented for rehabilitation from the coasts of south-west england between 1992 and 1998. the survey was carried out to assess the incidence of malnutrition, hyperthermia, respiratory and gastrointestinal conditions, and also the incidence of traumatic, skin, oral and ocular lesions. malnutrition was a common finding in pups approaching weaning (mid-moult pups) and those at the point of weaning or postweani ... | 2000 | 10955881 |
| expression and inducibility of members in the cytochrome p4501 (cyp1) family in ringed and grey seals from polluted and less polluted waters. | the expression and inducibility of cytochrome p4501a (cyp1a) were investigated in hepatic microsomes of ringed seals (phoca hispida) and grey seals (halichoerus grypus) from polluted (baltic sea) and less polluted (svalbard and sable island) areas. liver cyp1a protein levels and activities were assessed by immunoblot analysis and determining catalytic activities towards ethoxyresorufin (erod) and pentoxyresorufin (prod). the amount of cyp1a apoprotein and its catalytic activity were increased up ... | 2000 | 10996541 |
| fungal dermatitis in captive pinnipeds. | fungal dermatitis was diagnosed in two captive gray seals (halichoerus grypus) and four harbor seals (phoca vitulina) between 1992 and 1994. trichophyton mentagrophytes, malassezia spp., and yarrowia (candida) lipolytica were isolated. erythematous, thickened, alopecic skin lesions were present on the face and on the flippers, particularly around the nail bed. the two most important environmental factors associated with development of fungal dermatitis appeared to be excessive chlorination of po ... | 2000 | 11237146 |
| irreversible binding and adrenocorticolytic activity of the ddt metabolite 3-methylsulfonyl-dde examined in tissue-slice culture. | the persistent adrenocorticolytic ddt metabolite 3-methylsulfonyl-dde (meso(2)-dde) was originally identified in baltic grey seals, a population suffering from adrenocortical hyperplasia. in mice, meso(2)-dde induces mitochondrial degeneration and cellular necrosis in the adrenal zona fasciculata. in this study, we used precision-cut tissue slice culture to examine local cyp11b1-catalyzed irreversible binding of meso(2)-dde in the murine adrenal cortex. we also examined effects on steroid hormon ... | 2001 | 11266318 |
| trends in organochlorine residue concentrations and burdens in grey seals (halichoerus grypus) from sable is., ns, canada, between 1974 and 1994. | in blubber from maternal grey seals (halichoerus grypus) from sable is., ns, sigma ddt (p,p'-dde and p,p'-ddt) concentrations declined from 12 micrograms/g lipid in 1974 to 0.5 microgram/g in 1994. pup blubber sigma ddt concentrations were about 60% of those of their mothers, and declined at similar rates. in maternal seals, p,p'-dde increased from 56% sigma ddt in 1974 to 89% in 1994. polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations did not change between 1976 and 1988, but then declined; the relative p ... | 2001 | 11291457 |
| [echinophthirius horridus (olfers, 1816) (anoplura) rare parasite on seals]. | e. horridus of the anoplura species was noted for the second time in poland on a grey seal. | 2001 | 16894733 |
| indications for the involvement of a cyp3a-like iso-enzyme in the metabolism of chlorobornane (toxaphene) congeners in seals from inhibition studies with liver microsomes. | the different isoforms of the cytochrome p450 (cyp) system can metabolise a suite of classes of lipophilic, anthropogenic compounds. the bioaccumulative potential as well as the toxicity of xenobiotics may be significantly altered in the process. to compare the metabolic ability of different wildlife species, it is important to identify the different iso-enzymes of cyp, which are responsible for the metabolism of different classes of compounds. this can be achieved with in vitro incubation assay ... | 2001 | 11090893 |
| characterization of xenobiotic-metabolizing cytochrome p450 (cyp) forms in ringed and grey seals from the baltic sea and reference sites. | earlier studies have shown that members of the cytochrome p4501 (cyp1) enzyme family are constitutively expressed, and are elevated in the livers of ringed seals (phoca hispida) and grey seals (halichoerus grypus) living in the heavily polluted baltic sea. in this study, we compared the expression profiles of several additional cyp enzymes in the liver and extrahepatic tissues of baltic ringed and grey seals with the corresponding cyp expression in seals from relatively unpolluted waters. we use ... | 2001 | 11166678 |
| tris (4-chlorophenyl) methane and tris (4-chlorophenyl) methanol in marine mammals from the estuary and gulf of st. lawrence. | levels of tris (4-chlorophenyl) methanol (tcpm) and its presumed precursor tris (4-chlorophenyl) methane (tcpme) are reported in marine mammals from the estuary and gulf of st. lawrence, canada. these compounds were measured in blubber samples of seals and whales using ion trap mass spectrometry (ms/ms) detection. detectable concentrations of both tcpm and tcpme were observed in all of the samples analysed. concentrations of these compounds varied with species ranging from 1.7 to 153 and from 1. ... | 2001 | 11202713 |
| reproductive performance links to fine-scale spatial patterns of female grey seal relatedness. | fine-scale spatial patterns of female relatedness throughout the established grey seal breeding colony of north rona, scotland, were investigated by accurate mapping and spatially explicit analyses of a large sample (n = 262) of mothers using variation at nine microsatellite dna loci. local spatial autocorrelation analyses identified locations where seals were more highly related to the colony than average. these locations were also areas where the more successful females bred, were occupied fir ... | 2001 | 11321059 |
| unsteady-state gas exchange and storage in diving marine mammals: the harbor porpoise and gray seal. | breath-by-breath measurements of end-tidal o(2) and co(2) concentrations in harbor porpoise reveal that the respiratory gas exchange ratio (r(r); co(2) output/o(2) uptake) of the first lung ventilation in a breathing bout after a prolonged breath-hold is always well below the animal's metabolic respiratory quotient (rq) of 0.85. thus the longest apneic pauses are always followed by an initial breath having a very low r(r) (0.6-0.7), which thereafter increases with each subsequent breath to value ... | 2001 | 11448852 |
| microsatellite variation in ringed seals (phoca hispida): genetic structure and history of the baltic sea population. | genetic variability and population structure of baltic ringed seals and an arctic reference population were assessed using eight microsatellite loci. ringed seals colonized the baltic sea basin soon after deglaciation 11 500 years ago and are supposed to have remained largely isolated from the main arctic stock since then, approximately 1000 generations. in the 1900s the baltic population declined rapidly, and is now confined to three distinct breeding areas, with n < 6000 seals altogether. micr ... | 2001 | 11554977 |
| the influence of parental relatedness on reproductive success. | the relationship between fitness and parental similarity has been dominated by studies of how inbreeding depression lowers fecundity in incestuous matings. a widespread implicit assumption is that adult fitness (reproduction) of individuals born to parents who are not unusually closely related is more or less equal. examination of three long-lived vertebrates, the long-finned pilot whale, the grey seal and the wandering albatross reveals significant negative relationships between parental simila ... | 2001 | 11571049 |
| reproductive toxicity in mink (mustela vison) chronically exposed to environmentally relevant polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations. | female mink were exposed to a technical polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) preparation (clophen a50 [a50]; 0.1 or 0.3 mg/animal/d), one fraction of a50 containing the non- and mono-ortho-chlorinated congeners (0-1-ortho-chlorobiphenyls [cbs]), another fraction of a50 containing the congeners with two to four ortho-chlorines (2-4-ortho-cbs), or an organic extract from baltic gray seal blubber. the animals were exposed for 18 months, including two reproduction seasons. among the animals given the high ... | 2001 | 11596766 |
| renal lesions in baltic grey seals (halichoerus grypus) and ringed seals (phoca hispida botnica). | a severe reduction in the populations of grey and ringed seals in the baltic occurred during the 1960s and 1970s. adult animals showed (and still show) a series of lesions inter alia in the female reproductive organs, intestines, integument, kidneys, adrenals, and skulls (the baltic seal disease complex). the morphology and prevalence of light microscopic changes in the kidneys of 76 grey seals and 29 ringed seals collected in the baltic proper and the gulf of bothnia during 1977-1996 are presen ... | 2001 | 11795214 |
| distribution of cytochrome p4501a (cyp1a) in the tissues of baltic ringed and grey seals. | information about the expression of cyp1a in wildlife species is essential for understanding the impact of organochlorine exposure on the health status of an exposed population. therefore, we aimed at characterising a putative cyp1a enzyme expression in both hepatic and extrahepatic tissues of ringed and grey seals from the baltic sea and from less polluted waters. the cellular localisation of cyp1a was identified using a monoclonal antibody against scup p4501a1 (mab 1-12-3). immunohistochemical ... | 2001 | 11488512 |
| patterns of colonization in a metapopulation of grey seals. | the colonization of a new habitat is a fundamental process in metapopulation biology, but it is difficult to study. the emigration of colonists from established populations might be induced by resource competition owing to high local population density. migration distances are also important because they determine the frequency and scale of recolonization and hence the spatial scale of the metapopulation. traditionally, these factors have been investigated with demographic approaches that are la ... | 2002 | 11919630 |
| effects of sonic booms on breeding gray seals and harbor seals on sable island, canada. | the concorde produces audible sonic booms as it passes 15 km north of sable island, nova scotia, where gray and harbor seals occur year round. the purpose of this research was to assess how sonic booms affect these seals. the intensity of the booms was measured and three types of data (beach counts, frequency of behavior, and heart rate) were collected before and after booms during the breeding seasons of the two species. in addition to the data taken during breeding, beach counts were made befo ... | 2002 | 11837965 |
| fasting and lactation effect fat-soluble vitamin a and e levels in blood and their distribution in tissue of grey seals (halichoerus grypus). | grey seals among other phacoids represent a good model to study the mobilisation, transfer and deposition of fat-soluble components such as vitamins in lactating females and suckling pups because during the lactation period mothers may fast completely while secreting large quantities of high fat milks, and pups deposit large amounts of fat as blubber. the level of vitamins a and e in different tissues (liver, adipose tissue, kidney, heart, skeletal muscle, testis) and blood plasma of adult grey ... | 2002 | 11897201 |
| variations in the severity of phocid herpesvirus type 1 infections with age in grey seals and harbour seals. | the data recorded during an outbreak of phocid herpesvirus type 1 infection among 19 harbour seals and 29 grey seals being nursed in a seal rehabilitation centre in the netherlands in 1998 were used, together with data from similar outbreaks in previous years, to compare the clinical signs observed in the two species at different ages. the severity of the disease was inversely correlated with age in the harbour seals, and the infected harbour seals generally developed more severe clinical signs ... | 2002 | 12019650 |
| identification of anisakid nematodes from the southern baltic sea using pcr-based methods. | four common species of baltic anisakids anisakis simplex, hysterothylacium auctum, contracaecum osculatum from fish (the last one also from the grey seal) and c. rudolphii from cormorants were examined using pcr-rflp technique for working out the method allowing their identification and differentiation. a fragment of nuclear dna containing intergenic regions (its-1 and its-2) of ribosomal dna together with adjacent sequences of genes coding 18s and 28s rrna (in total; approximately 1500 bp) was ... | 2002 | 12030761 |
| isolation of two cytochrome p450 cdnas, cyp1a1 and cyp1a2, from harp seal (phoca groenlandica) and grey seal (halichoerus grypus). | two cytochrome p450 (cyp), cyp1a1 and cyp1a2, cdna sequences have been isolated and cloned from harp seal (phoca groenlandica) and grey seal (halichoerus grypus). erod, a model substrate for cyp1a, and heterologous antibodies have been employed as a biomarker in marine mammals, however the cyp1a sequences have not been characterised in these two seal species. mrna was used as the template in rt-pcr, rather than dna as this indicates transcription of the cyp1a gene in these seal species exposed t ... | 2002 | 12106895 |
| current levels of ddt, pcb and trace elements in the baltic ringed seals (phoca hispida baltica) and grey seals (halichoerus grypus). | residue levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis[p-chlorophenyl]ethane (ddt) were determined from liver samples of ringed seals (phoca lispida) from the baltic sea and svalbard, and of grey seals (halichoerus grypus) from the baltic sea and sable island in canada. both baltic seal populations showed clearly higher average sum pcb (spcb) and sum ddt (sddt) levels than the reference seal populations. among the baltic seals, spcb levels were twice as high as sddt level ... | 2002 | 12166673 |
| perfluorooctanesulfonate and related fluorinated hydrocarbons in marine mammals, fishes, and birds from coasts of the baltic and the mediterranean seas. | perfluorooctanesulfonate (pfos; c8f17so3-), perfluorooctanesulfonamide (fosa; c8f17so2nh2), perfluorohexanesulfonate (pfhxs; c6f13so3-), and perfluorooctanoate (pfoa; c7f15co2-) were detected in 175 samples of liver and blood of bluefin tuna (thunnus thynnus), swordfish (xiphias gladius), common cormorants (phalacrocorax carbo), bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus), striped dolphins (stenella coeruleoalba), common dolphins (delphinus delphi), fin whales (balenoptera physalus), and long-finne ... | 2002 | 12188342 |
| a high-performance-liquid-chromatography-based method for the determination of hydroxylated testosterone metabolites formed in vitro in liver microsomes from gray seal (halichoerus grypus). | a reproducible and sensitive high-performance-liquid-chromatography (hplc)-based method with uv-vis detection is developed and optimized for the determination of hydroxytestosterone compounds formed via the cytochrome p450 enzyme-mediated metabolism of testosterone. the method is used to characterize and quantitate hydroxytestosterone metabolites formed in vitro via testosterone incubation with hepatic microsomes from the liver of gray seals (halichoerus grypus). the hplc method employs a zorbax ... | 2002 | 12201482 |
| the occurrence of corynosoma strumosum in the grey seal, halichoerus grypus, caught off the atlantic coast of ireland. | the occurrence, location and sex ratio of corynosoma strumosum (acanthoceophala: polymorphidae) from 26 juvenile grey seals, halichoerus grypus, by-caught from around the inishkea islands, co. mayo, from march to june 1997 were recorded. the location of c. strumosum within the seal did not vary, with all worms being found in the small intestine. the prevalence of infection was 100%, with no other acanthocephalan species being recorded. the mean abundance was 416 (range 80-846) c. strumosum per s ... | 2002 | 12363376 |