Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [comparative infectivity of japanese encephalitis vaccine strain (2-8) and its parent strain (sa14) viruses in culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes]. | 1983 | 6233028 | |
| susceptibility of culex (culex) tritaeniorhynchus giles adults and larvae to insecticides in delhi area. | 1983 | 6672087 | |
| [a survey on infection rate of japanese encephalitis virus in culex tritaeniorhynchus in beijing area]. | 1983 | 6675847 | |
| relationship between number of human japanese encephalitis cases and summer meteorological conditions in nagasaki, japan. | analysis of epidemiological and meteorological data for nagasaki prefecture, southwest japan, for the period 1950-1979, showed a correlation between size of epidemics of human japanese encephalitis (je) and weather factors. it was demonstrated that during the period 1950-1969 the epidemic size (es) had two types of correlation: es correlated inversely with total summer precipitation, and es correlated directly with mean summer temperature. the fact that in the 1970s there were fewer cases of je ... | 1983 | 6297324 |
| getah virus in aedes vexans nipponii and culex tritaeniorhynchus: vector susceptibility and ability to transmit. | vector competences of aedes (ae.) vexans nipponii (nip.) and culex (cx.) tritaeniorhynchus to getah virus were assessed by using a membrane feeding technique. the getah virus was present at high titer in both species of mosquitoes after 21 days of extrinsic incubation at 28 degrees c. infection rates on 21 post-feeding were 100 per cent (4/4) for ae. vexans nip. at a virus dosage of 10(5.3) pfu/ml and 60 per cent (3/5) for cx. tritaeniorhynchus at similar virus dosage. more than 10(3.5) pfu of v ... | 1983 | 6312927 |
| correlation between population indices of culex tritaeniorhynchus and cx. gelidus (diptera: culicidae) and rainfall in kapuk, indonesia. | 1983 | 6827571 | |
| [experimental breeding of a culex tritaeniorhynchus population and study of certain aspects of its life history]. | 1983 | 6640633 | |
| multiplication of several arboviruses isolated in japan in culex tritaeniorhynchus. | 1983 | 6633301 | |
| genetic variation for west nile virus susceptibility in culex tritaeniorhynchus. | mutant and geographical strains of culex tritaeniorhynchus were compared for west nile (wn) virus susceptibility by feeding on a high-titered blood-virus suspension. eleven strains also were selected from 2-21 generations for an increase and/or a reduction of oral susceptibility using 90% and 10% infective virus doses, respectively. only one of the 20 strains tested, e ma, was significantly less susceptible than the control strain. in the selection experiments, none of the strains showed a consi ... | 1984 | 6476219 |
| a simplified new method for the identification of arboviruses: virus detection using enzyme immunoassay on cultured cells. | a simple new method is reported for the identification of arbovirus isolates and the titration of arboviruses. horseradish peroxidase conjugated staphylococcus aureus protein a was used for the indirect staining of virus antigens grown in an aedes albopictus cell line, c6/36 cells. thirty-five isolates from culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes were examined by this method and 20 of these were identified as japanese encephalitis virus (jev). these results were confirmed by immunofluorescent assay a ... | 1984 | 6094608 |
| isolation of japanese encephalitis virus from anopheles annularis and anopheles vagus in lombok, indonesia. | three strains of japanese encephalitis (je) virus were recorded from mosquitoes collected in lombok, indonesia, during march 1979, from pools of anopheles vagus, an. annularis and culex tritaeniorhynchus respectively. this is believed to be the first report of isolation of je virus from an. vagus. the frequencies of je viral infection in zoophilic anopheles species were higher than in cx tritaeniorhynchus, the principle vector of je virus in asia. the low frequency of infection in cx tritaeniorh ... | 1985 | 3832495 |
| [low virulent strains of jbe virus isolated from culex tritaeniorhynchus in indonesia]. | 1985 | 3995575 | |
| correlation of population indices of female culex tritaeniorhynchus with japanese encephalitis viral activity in kapuk, indonesia. | nineteen consecutive monthly light trap collections of mosquitoes were made between october 1978 and april 1980 in kapuk, indonesia. kapuk is a small suburb of jakarta where pigs are raised in close proximity to rice paddies which are breeding sites for culex tritaeniorhynchus. japanese encephalitis (je) virus is believed to be endemic and has been recovered from mosquitoes and pigs in the area on several occasions. a total of 18,435 female cx. tritaeniorhynchus were allocated to 359 pools of ap ... | 1985 | 4071204 |
| disease-bearing insects brought in by international aircraft into singapore. | fifty-seven (17.3%) of 330 incoming aircraft landing at changi international airport were found to harbour mosquitoes and other insects on board. the frequency of insects detected in aircraft from the southeast asian countries varied from 7.1% to 32.2%. live insects were found in 5 (6.1%) of 82 aircraft disinsectized by the "block away" method. the species of mosquitoes brought in were: culex quinquefasciatus (96), culex tritaeniorhynchus (1), aedes albopictus (2) and aedes aegypti (1). none of ... | 1985 | 2862709 |
| beneficial role of a nonpathogenic orbi-like virus: studies on the interfering effect of m14 virus in mice and mosquitoes infected with japanese encephalitis virus. | m14 virus, isolated from culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes collected in a beijing suburb, was identified as a noncytopathogenic orbi-like virus. it was found to interfere with the growth of japanese encephalitis (je) virus, a mosquito-borne virus which infects humans, pigs, and horses in much of asia, including china. je virus is transmitted by c. tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes and causes encephalitis in humans and horses and abortion in pigs. because it had potential as an interfering agent for ... | 1985 | 2999029 |
| seasonal prevalence of the vector mosquitoes of japanese encephalitis virus in kyungpook province, korea. | in order to determine the seasonal prevalence and population density of vector mosquitoes in kyungpook province, a survey based on average number of female mosquito per trap-night, were carried out during the period from may to november in 1984. among the 34,571 mosquitoes collected in kyungsan county in animal shelters and human dwellings by light traps, approximately 45.0 % were culex tritaeniorhynchus, 34.0 % per cent culex pipiens pallens, and 19.0 per cent anopheles sinensis. by comparison, ... | 1985 | 12888695 |
| population dynamics of some pakistan mosquitoes: temporal changes in reproductive status, age structure and survivorship of anopheles culicifacies, an. stephensi and culex tritaeniorhynchus. | the reproductive biology and age-structure of female anopheles culicifacies, an. stephensi and culex tritaeniorhynchus were studied at rural punjabi villages near lahore, pakistan, during 1976-1980. both anopheles remained gonotrophically active throughout the year with blood-fed, gravid, parous and virgin females collected during all months. culex tritaeniorhynchus populations bifurcated into reproductively active, non-overwintering and reproductively inactive, overwintering populations in octo ... | 1986 | 3729600 |
| virus isolations from mosquitoes collected during the 1982 japanese encephalitis epidemic in northern thailand. | from 16 june to 15 august, 1982 cdc light traps were used to collect mosquitoes in the province of kamphaengphet, n. thailand. 353,042 mosquitoes comprising 59 species were collected and identified, and 345,173 were placed in pools for attempted virus isolation by inoculation of c6/36 aedes albopictus mosquito cell cultures. viruses were isolated from 63 mosquito pools. these comprised 56 flaviviruses, identified as 35 isolates of japanese encephalitis (je) virus strains, 18 strains of tembusu ( ... | 1986 | 2885948 |
| incipient resistance to malathion in culex (culex) tritaeniorhynchus larvae from arthala (u.p.). | 1986 | 3745868 | |
| new spiroplasmas from insects and flowers: isolation, ecology, and host association. | eight spiroplasma strains from insects and one from spring flowers failed to react with antisera specific for any of the 11 described spiroplasma groups, with sera directed against spiroplasma group i subgroups, or with sera directed against two unnumbered groups previously reported to occur in tabanid flies. strains, all from maryland, were isolated from the hemolymph of the spotted cucumber beetle diabrotica undecimpunctata and the lampyrid beetle ellychnia corrusca, and the guts of the cantha ... | 1987 | 2889699 |
| a longitudinal study of japanese encephalitis in suburban bangkok, thailand. | a one-year study of japanese encephalitis (je) in a small focus of transmission was conducted in suburban bangkok in 1985. monthly data were collected on weather, vector density, sentinel pig and chick je antibody seroconversions, and epidemiology as related to human je cases. the primary vector species were found to be culex gelidus and culex tritaeniorhynchus; from which one isolate each was obtained in march and june, respectively. pig je antibody seroconversion peaked in april (the hottest m ... | 1987 | 2896391 |
| the pathogenesis of japanese encephalitis virus in culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes. | culex tritaeniorhynchus were inoculated intrathoracically with mosquito and human strains of japanese encephalitis virus and maintained at 26 degrees c or 32 degrees c. virus titration and localization of viral antigen by avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase staining were done at intervals up to 21 days. marked differences were noted in the tempo of organ involvement at the 2 temperatures; at both there was initial infection of fat body cells followed by selective infection of the central nervous syst ... | 1987 | 3445354 |
| insecticidal resistance of culex tritaeniorhynchus (diptera: culicidae) in japan: genetics and mechanisms of resistance to organophosphorus insecticides. | 1987 | 3694623 | |
| insecticidal resistance of culex tritaeniorhynchus (diptera: culicidae) in japan: a country-wide survey of resistance to insecticides. | 1987 | 3694624 | |
| absence of viraemia in cattle after experimental infection with japanese encephalitis virus. | cow calves were infected with japanese encephalitis virus (jev) by parenteral inoculation. one batch was reinfected with jev, followed by west nile virus (wnv), while another batch was reinfected directly with wnv. no viraemia due to either jev or wnv was demonstrated in any of the calves. culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes fed on 4 of the calves infected with jev during the first 10 d had no detectable virus, nor did they transmit the virus by bite to susceptible baby chickens. in another exper ... | 1988 | 2855679 |
| evaluation of permethrin-impregnated mosquito-nets against mosquitoes in china. | in yishan county, guangxi province, china, where malaria and brugian filariasis are transmitted by vectors belonging to the anopheles hyrcanus pallas group, a study was conducted from june to november 1986 to evaluate the effectiveness of permethrin-impregnated mosquito bednets to reduce man/vector contact. in three experimental villages a total of 246 mosquito nets were treated with permethrin ec at a dosage of 0.5 g/m2. control bioassays (1 h exposure) of treated nets gave up to 100% mortality ... | 1988 | 2908784 |
| oxo-type organophosphate-resistant acetylcholinesterase from organophosphate-unsusceptible culex tritaeniorhynchus. | 1988 | 3378294 | |
| [study on inhibiting effect of 14 insecticides on esterase of culex tritaeniorhynchus from five geographic populations]. | isoelectrofocusing technique was used to study the inhibiting effect of 14 insecticides on esterase isozymes of culex tritaeniorhynchus from natural populations in fuzhou, shanghai, qingdao, dalian and beijing areas. among 14 insecticides, organophosphates were good inhibitors to all esterase isozymes, but allethrin, propoxur, ddt, dieldrin had no or almost no inhibiting effect on esterase. 26 esterase isozyme bands of culex tritaeniorhynchus were revealed by isoelectrofocusing. | 1989 | 2776195 |
| studies on the japanese encephalitis vectors in amphoe muang, chiang mai, northern thailand. | from february 1987 to january 1988, biological and ecological studies were made to obtain the basic knowledge of japanese encephalitis vectors, culex tritaeniorhynchus, cx. gelidus, and cx. fuscocephala, in amphoe muang, chiang mai, northern thailand. the following results were found. peaks in the population densities of the vectors as measured four times a month, by uv-light trap and human-baited trap collections, occurred during rainy season. the je vectors in rural areas showed a sharp rise i ... | 1989 | 2549646 |
| experimental vertical transmission of japanese encephalitis virus by culex tritaeniorhynchus and other mosquitoes. | vertical transmission of japanese encephalitis virus to the f1 adult stage was demonstrated in culex tritaeniorhynchus, cx. annulus, cx. quinquefasciatus, and armigeres subalbatus. transmission to the f1 larval stage was demonstrated in cx. pipiens, aedes vexans, ae. alcasidi, and a. flavus. in cx. tritaeniorhynchus, vertical transmission rates (the percentage of parent females transmitting to progeny) varied (12-100%). filial infection rates (the percentage of progeny infected) for a given mosq ... | 1989 | 2567124 |
| mosquito collection in endemic areas of japanese encephalitis in hokkaido, japan. | a study was conducted during 1985 and 1986 to evaluate the roles of mosquito species as possible vectors of japanese encephalitis (je) virus in hokkaido. the number of culex tritaeniorhynchus was very low among the four pig farms where outbreaks of abortion caused by je virus were observed in swine populations. at one farm near sapporo, only one cx. tritaeniorhynchus was found among a total of 510 mosquitoes collected during the survey period from july to october 1985, even when je virus activit ... | 1989 | 2575185 |
| japanese encephalitis virus infection in mosquitoes reared from field-collected immatures and in wild-caught males. | immature stages of mosquitoes collected in je endemic areas of karnataka, india between 1985 and 1987 were reared to adults and processed for the detection and isolation of japanese encephalitis (je) virus in an attempt to find naturally occurring vertical transmission of the virus. males collected during 1985-1986 were also processed. a total of 15,785 adults reared from immatures and divided into 445 pools and 1,756 wild-collected males divided into 128 pools were processed using mosquito inoc ... | 1989 | 2577098 |
| size of blood meals of aedes albopictus and culex tritaeniorhynchus (diptera: culicidae) feeding on an unrestrained dog infected with dirofilaria immitis (spirurida: filariidae). | blood meal volume was determined for two species of mosquitoes, aedes albopictus (skuse) and culex tritaeniorhynchus giles, recently demonstrated to be natural vectors of canine heartworm in japan. when fed on unrestrained dogs, volumes were from 1 nl to 6 microliters in both species, but percentages of engorged mosquitoes were 45.2-64.3% for ae. albopictus and 11.9-22.2% for cx. tritaeniorhynchus. ae. albopictus preferred to feed on human bait versus canine bait when both were exposed concurren ... | 1989 | 2585448 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect antigens of dirofilaria immitis (spirunida: filariidae) larvae in aedes albopictus and culex tritaeniorhynchus (diptera: culicidae). | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) method was developed for detecting the larval antigens of dirofilaria immitis (leidy) in aedes albopictus (skuse) and culex tritaeniorhynchus giles to replace the conventional dissection method. the assay was sensitive enough to detect 21.3 ng/ml (2.13 ng per microplate well) or more of the soluble antigen obtained from adult worms and an antigen amount corresponding to at least one larva at any developing stage. no inhibitory effect of host tissues w ... | 1989 | 2709386 |
| a longitudinal study of the prevalence of japanese encephalitis virus in adult and larval culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes in northern taiwan. | adult females and larvae of culex tritaeniorhynchus were collected year-round for 3 1/2 years at a site near taipei, taiwan. one hundred sixty-four isolates of japanese encephalitis (je) virus were obtained from approximately 142,000 adult females and 1 isolate of the virus was obtained from approximately 382,000 larvae. virus was recovered from adult females every year, except the first, beginning in may. the single larval isolate was from specimens collected in june. the vertical transmission ... | 1989 | 2729510 |
| [comparative studies on diapause responses between culex tritaeniorhynchus and culex pipiens pallens]. | by comparing the diapause responses between locally hibernating species, c. pipiens pallens, and c. tritaeniorhynchus the overwintering way of which is yet unknown, we found the relative identities of these 2 species in their ovarian diapause criteria, change of the mid-gut and the behaviour of refusing blood feeding. the increases in body weight and fatty contents in the dispersed tritaeniorhynchus were much less than those in diapause pipiens species. moreover, their ability to resist low temp ... | 1989 | 2766496 |
| culex tritaeniorhynchus and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) as natural vectors of dirofilaria immitis (spirurida: filariidae) in miki city, japan. | natural infections with dirofilaria immitis (leidy) in a population of mosquitoes and dogs and its antibodies in a human population were surveyed in miki city, a rural area of japan, to reveal ecological features of this arthropod-borne zoönotic parasite. microfilaremic and amicrofilaremic infection rates in 190 dogs were 52.6 and 9.0%, respectively, as determined by the hematocrit centrifuge method and the indirect fluorescent antibody test. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) test for ... | 1989 | 2769708 |
| susceptibility of aedes albopictus and culex tritaeniorhynchus (diptera: culicidae) collected in miki city, japan, to dirofilaria immitis (spirurida: filariidae). | female aedes albopictus (skuse) and culex tritaeniorhynchus giles from miki city, japan, were examined for susceptibility to infection by dirofilaria immitis. third-stage larvae were detected from day 7 in 10-40% of ae. albopictus and from day 10 in 20-60% of cx. tritaeniorhynchus, irrespective of microfilarial intake, which varied from 500 to 15,000 microfilariae per ml. the number of third-stage larvae in the labium usually varied from one to three per mosquito up to day 21, confirming the abi ... | 1989 | 2795613 |
| larval survey of surface water-breeding mosquitoes during irrigation development in the mahaweli project, sri lanka. | a survey of ground water-breeding mosquitoes was done during 1986-1987 in an area undergoing irrigation development in the mahaweli project of sri lanka. forty-nine species were collected during the 12-mo phase of humans settlement and infrastructure construction, and 42 species during the succeeding 12-mo period under irrigated rice culture. development resulted in the elimination of some preexisting breeding habitats, the modification of others, and the creation of new habits. the overall chan ... | 1990 | 1977912 |
| [agriculture-health interface in the field of epidemiology of vector-borne diseases and the control of vectors]. | this paper is a review of the interactions between agriculture and vector borne diseases. rain forest clearing makes possible the development of heliophilous species of anophelines and snails leading to an increase of malaria and schistosomiasis in africa. but in asia, clearing is a control method against anopheles balabacensis, an important malaria vector. clearing of forest galleries is followed by the disappearance of shore-dwelling tsetse flies. woodcutters and pioneer farmers are contaminat ... | 1990 | 2208469 |
| evaluation of the control of mosquitoes with insect growth regulators. | in this study, the effectiveness of eight insect growth regulators (igrs) (chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, el-494, flufenoxuron, teflubenzuron, juglone, plumbagin and methoprene) against five mosquito vectors (armigeres subalbatus, aedes albopictus, aedes aegypti, culex tritaeniorhynchus, and culex quinquefasciatus) was investigated in the laboratory. the ec50s of chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, el-494, flufenoxuron, teflubenzuron, and methoprene against the five mosquitoes ranged from 0.0001 to 0 ... | 1990 | 2402025 |
| susceptibility of four species of mosquitoes to chandipura virus and its detection by immunofluorescence. | susceptibility of culex tritaeniorhynchus, cx. bitaeniorhynchus, cx. quinquefasciatus, and aedes aegypti to chandipura (chp) virus was compared after parental inoculation of the mosquitoes. virus detection was done by indirect immunofluorescence (if). chp antigen in head squashes of all the four species was seen at 24 hr post infection (p.i.). the mosquitoes supported the virus growth and transmission by bite to 2 days old suckling swiss albino mice. ae. aegypti which was found the most suscepti ... | 1991 | 1683113 |
| survey of adult mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) during irrigation development in the mahaweli project, sri lanka. | a survey of adult mosquitoes was done during 1986-1987 in an area undergoing irrigation development in the mahaweli project of sri lanka. the study encompassed two 12-mo phases of settlement and irrigation, respectively. diurnal human bait catches yielded 1,427 female mosquitoes in 27 species. nocturnal collections (human bait, cdc light traps, indoor resting catches) produced a total of 30,491 females in 67 species. comparisons with an earlier survey in the predevelopment forest showed that the ... | 1991 | 1678784 |
| evaluation of the water fern azolla microphylla for mosquito population management in the rice-land agro-ecosystem of south india. | the floating water fern azolla microphylla kaulfess was evaluated as a biocontrol agent against mosquitoes breeding in rice fields in tamil nadu, south india. anopheles subpictus grassi, culex pseudovishnui colless and culex tritaeniorhynchus giles were the predominant species of mosquitoes, with peak densities of late instar larvae and pupae occurring during the second week after transplantation of rice seedlings of short-term (c. 80 days from transplantation to harvest) or medium-term (c. 95 d ... | 1991 | 1768923 |
| distribution of biting culex tritaeniorhynchus (diptera: culicidae) among pigs: effects of host size and behavior. | the distribution of biting culex tritaeniorhynchus giles females among pigs was analyzed to determine the effect of host size and behavior on host selection by the mosquitoes. the number of cx. tritaeniorhynchus collected per sow was significantly greater than that on her piglets. sleeping piglets were attacked more frequently by mosquitoes than wakeful ones. the distribution of biting mosquitoes among different-sized piglets was aggregated compared with expected random distribution, and one of ... | 1991 | 1875372 |
| susceptibility studies on culex tritaeniorhynchus giles, 1901, to insecticides in the state of goa. | tests conducted on the adults of c. tritaeniorhynchus in goa during 1988-89 against organochlorine, organophosphate and carbamate insecticides showed that the lc50 values against ddt and dieldrin after 1 h of exposure were 2.2 and 1.2 per cent respectively. the lt50 values against malathion (5%), fenitrothion (1%) and propoxur (0.1%) were 19, 22 and 35 min respectively. thus, taking into consideration the base-line data available for c. quinquefasciatus, the species can be considered susceptible ... | 1991 | 1937597 |
| monitoring culex tritaeniorhynchus (diptera: culicidae) abundance in cow sheds by in situ counting. | the number of culex tritaeniorhynchus giles counted in situ on five sheets of paper was compared with that of mosquitoes captured in a nozawa blacklight trap at two cow sheds in tsu city, japan, to evaluate the effectiveness of the in situ counting method. the total number of cx. tritaeniorhynchus collected on 27 lighttrap-nights (434,362) was greater than that counted in situ on 270 paper samples (18,093). a highly significant temporal correlation (kendall's tau = 0.54) was shown between the nu ... | 1991 | 1941918 |
| high paraoxon-hydrolyzing activity in organophosphorus insecticide-resistant mosquitoes. | we found a strong paraoxon-hydrolyzing activity (23.4 +/- 8.50 nmol/h/individual and 137 +/- 86.2 nmol/h/mg protein) in the crude extract from larvae of culex tritaeniorhynchus toyama 89, which is markedly resistant to organophosphorous insecticides. the activity was higher than those from cx. tritaeniorhynchus re-e-ae (0.175 +/- 0.0336 and 1.83 +/- 0.651), anopheles omorii (0.112 +/- 0.0301 and 1.86 +/- 0.746) and an. stephensi (0.0651 +/- 0.0713 and 0.789 +/- 0.910), which are susceptible to o ... | 1991 | 1680030 |
| epidemio-entomological survey of japanese encephalitis in korea. | in order to determine the seasonal prevalence and population dynamics of culex tritaeniorhynchus in relation to the epidemics of japanese encephalitis, and ecology of these vector mosquito in kyungpook province, korea, studies were conducted during the period of 7 years from 1984 to 1990. cx. tritaeniorhynchus first collected in june between 4th and 28th, and trapped in large numbers during the period from mid-august to early september, showed a simple sharply pointed one-peaked curve. there was ... | 1991 | 1655009 |
| [observation on the effectiveness of repellent coating against mosquitoes]. | the present paper reports on the effectiveness of a repellent coating for the first time. the repellent coating was made by combining deta (n,n-diethyl-meta-toluamide) with slow-releasing reagent. with this coating employed in the laboratory against aedes aegypti, the rate of blood-sucking was 3.9-9.5% and the rate of protection was 88.9-95.3% for 1-720 days. during 1-77 days' field trial, the rpi (relative population index) was 0-8.98% in the day-time and 0.74-17.15 during the night-time agains ... | 1992 | 1307278 |
| mosquito blood feeding patterns as a factor in the epidemiology of japanese encephalitis in southern india. | determinations were made of the source of 16,330 bloodmeals from 10 species of culex mosquitoes, including recognized vectors of japanese encephalitis (je) virus, in two epidemiologically distinct areas in southern india. in madurai, where cases occurred sporadically and pigs were reared only in some villages, cx. tritaeniorhynchus, cx. pseudovishnui, and cx. vishnui had fed predominantly on cattle (89.2-91%), but less frequently on humans (2.1-6.2%) and on pigs and ardeid birds (0-0.1%). in nal ... | 1992 | 1320343 |
| japanese encephalitis virus in bangkok: factors influencing vector infections in three suburban communities. | an unexpected outbreak of japanese encephalitis (je) in bangkok in 1985 led us to investigate the vector ecology of urban je from january 1986 to june 1987 at three suburban sites that displayed a wide range of factors imputed to influence je transmission. culex tritaeniorhynchus giles and cx. gelidus theobald, suspected vectors, comprised 71-96% of all mosquitoes collected by co2-baited cdc traps at the three sites. mean of mosquito abundance per two trap-nights per month ranged from 28 to 5,72 ... | 1992 | 1320699 |
| japanese encephalitis in sri lanka--the study of an epidemic: vector incrimination, porcine infection and human disease. | a prospective study of mosquito vectors, porcine infection and human disease was carried out during a japanese encephalitis (je) epidemic in the north central province of sri lanka (november-december 1987) and a subsequent non-epidemic year (1988). the epidemic involved 361 cases of human encephalitis, virologically confirmed by immunoglobulin m enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and was preceded 2-3 weeks earlier by sentinel porcine seroconversion. virus isolation and viral antigen dete ... | 1992 | 1329275 |
| susceptibility status of five species of japanese encephalitis vectors to insecticides from kolar district, karnataka. | susceptibility tests were conducted on the adults of five species of mosquito vectors of japanese encephalitis (je) viz., culex tritaeniorhynchus, c. vishnui, c. pseudovishnui, c. gelidus and c. fuscocephala from kolar district, karnataka during 1990-91 against organo chloride compounds (ddt 4%, dieldrin 4%), organo phosphate compounds (malathion 5%, fenitrothion 1.0%), carbamate (propoxur 0.1%) and pyrethroid (deltamethrin--oms 0.025%). all the five species were found susceptible to malathion. ... | 1992 | 1337898 |
| distribution of split 5.8s ribosomal rna in diptera. | although the 5.8s ribosomal rna (rrna) of most eucaryotes consists of 155-170 nucleotides, in two dipterous species the 5.8s rrna consists of two pieces, 123 and 30 nucleotides in length. the distribution of split 5.8s rrna was studied in other diptera and the most closely related order siphonaptera to learn the origin of split 5.8s rrna. four species of mosquitoes, culex tritaeniorhynchus, culex pipiens molestus, aedes albopictus, anopheles sp. (culicidae) had a single 5.8s rrna consisting of a ... | 1992 | 1343775 |
| arbovirus isolations from mosquitoes collected during 1988 in the senegal river basin. | during august and september 1988, we collected adult mosquitoes from 14 locations in the senegal river basin to search for evidence of rift valley fever (rvf) viral activity one year after the 1987 outbreak, which occurred along the senegal-mauritania border. more than 62,000 specimens representing 18 species in seven genera were collected with carbon dioxide-baited, solid-state army miniature light traps and sheep-baited traps. twenty virus isolations from culex, aedes, and anopheles mosquitoes ... | 1992 | 1361722 |
| [susceptibility of thirty-one species of mosquitoes to romanomermis yunanensis]. | a new species of mermithidae was found parasitizing the larvae of culex tritaeniorhynchus and culex fatigans in henan, china and then named romanomermis yunanensis. thirty-one species of mosquitoes involving six genera have been tested for susceptibility to r. yunanensis and culicinae mosquito have consistently been highly susceptible. at a 1:5 ratio of mosquito larvae to nematode juveniles, the parasitisms of aedes aegypti, ae. albopictus, culex fatigans, culex tritaeniorhynchus, anopheles sine ... | 1992 | 1363920 |
| evaluation of carbon dioxide and 1-octen-3-ol as mosquito attractants. | cdc light traps were used to study the attractant effect of co2 and 1-octen-3-ol on trap catches of mosquito populations at three different locations in malaysia. there was a significant increase in the number of mosquitos caught in traps baited with co2 and co2 with 1-octen-3-ol. the number of mosquitos caught in the cdc light trap and in the cdc light trap baited with 1-octen-3-ol alone were very few. 1-octen-3-ol and co2 acted synergistically in attracting significantly greater numbers of cul ... | 1992 | 1359652 |
| evaluation of organophosphorus and synthetic pyrethroid insecticides against six vector mosquitoe species. | three organophosphorus compounds- malathion, folithion and temephos- and two synthetic pyrethroids- alphamethrin and deltamethrin- were used for monitoring the susceptibility status of larvae and adults of six vector mosquito species: culex quinquefasciatus (filariasis) and aedes albopictus (dengue) (both laboratory and field strains); laboratory strains of aedes aegypti (dengue), anopheles stephensi and anopheles culicifacies (malaria), and culex tritaeniorhynchus (japanese encephalitis) in ind ... | 1993 | 7997809 |
| effect of intermittent irrigation on mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) and larvivorous predators in rice fields. | effect of intermittent irrigation to facilitate rice production on rice-field mosquitoes and larvivorous predators was studied in saga, japan. mosquitoes and associated taxa were sampled by dipping in two rice fields subject to intermittent irrigation and in one rice field that remained flooded throughout the study period of approximately 1 mo. with the onset of intermittent irrigation, larval mosquito (culex tritaeniorhynchus giles and anopheles sinensis wiedemann) abundance decreased; reirriga ... | 1993 | 8096247 |
| studies on japanese encephalitis vector mosquitoes in selangor, malaysia. | mosquito collections were carried out from may to june 1992 and from september to december 1992 in an area where a case of japanese encephalitis was confirmed. a total of 40,072 mosquitoes belonging to 35 species and 8 genera were collected. the dominant species in that locality were culex vishnui, culex tritaeniorhynchus, culex pseudovishnui, culex gelidus, aedes butleri, and mansonia uniformis. | 1993 | 8126485 |
| autumn southward 'return' migration of the mosquito culex tritaeniorhynchus in china. | direct evidence for a southward 'return' migration in autumn of the mosquito culex tritaeniorhynchus in china was obtained by aerial sampling with a net suspended from a balloon. in a preliminary study between 2 and 20 september 1990 at jiangpu, near nanjing, in jiangsu province, 11 females and 4 males of this species were taken at heights of 150-250 m. during 17-26 october 1991 at dongxiang in northern jiangxi province, 44 mosquitoes (8 males, 36 females) were caught in the aerial net at height ... | 1993 | 8268485 |
| vertical transmission of west nile virus by culex and aedes species mosquitoes. | experiments were conducted to determine whether west nile (wn) virus was transmitted vertically by colonized strains of aedes albopictus, ae. aegypti, and culex tritaeniorhynchus. female mosquitoes were infected by intrathoracic inoculation with wn virus, and the f1 progeny were tested for virus by the fluorescence antibody technique and the newborn mouse assay. each of the three mosquito species transmitted wn virus to f1 adults derived from immature forms reared at 26 degrees c. the minimal fi ... | 1993 | 8333569 |
| japanese encephalitis on saipan: a survey of suspected mosquito vectors. | an outbreak of japanese encephalitis (je) occurred on saipan, commonwealth of northern mariana islands, in october 1990. adult and larval mosquitoes were collected during september-october 1991 to retrospectively determine the probable mosquito vector(s). virus was not isolated from 119 mosquito pools composed of 7,250 adult specimens as follows: aedes vexans nocturnis (14%), culex tritaeniorhynchus (39%), cx. sitiens group (11%), culex (culex) species (35%), and < 1% each of ae. albopictus, ae. ... | 1993 | 8386909 |
| comparative susceptibility of two japanese encephalitis vectors from mysore to six insecticides. | larval populations of culex tritaeniorhynchus and c. fuscocephala from mysore city were tested for their susceptibility against two pyrethroids viz., cypermethrin and deltamethrin and four organophosphorus (op) compounds viz., fenthion, fenitrothion, temephos and malathion. the investigations revealed that, among the pesticides tested, efficacy of pyrethroids was very high as compared to op compounds. c. tritaeniorhynchus was found to be highly tolerant to all the insecticides used. it registere ... | 1993 | 8262575 |
| scanning electron microscopy of the egg of culex tritaeniorhynchus (diptera: culicidae). | 1993 | 8510125 | |
| [studies on the histochemistry of culex tritaeniorhynchus larvae infected with coelomomyces indica]. | a sectional survey with histochemical technique was carried out on culex tritaeniorhynchus larvae infected with coelomomyces indica in comparison to the noninfected larvae. studies were pursued by using micrograph and imaging analysis. the results showed that the glycogen, protein and nucleic acid (rna and dna) reaction in the infected group were less than those of the control group. the gray level assessment in tissue imaging showed marked difference between the two groups. it is suggested that ... | 1993 | 8168236 |
| epidemiological and ecological studies of japanese encephalitis in okinawa, subtropical area in japan. i. investigations on antibody levels to japanese encephalitis virus in swine sera and vector mosquito in okinawa, miyako and ishigaki islands. | from 1985 to 1989, serum specimens of swine raised in the northern, central and southern areas in okinawa island were examined for japanese encephalitis (je) virus antibody by elisa and hemagglutination-inhibition test. the antibody positive rate was found to be higher in the north and central than in the south. the 2-mercaptoethanol sensitive antibody to je was detected mostly in june and july, and occasionally in other months except february and march. there was no month when all specimens fro ... | 1994 | 8041298 |
| urbanization and its effects on the ecology of mosquitoes in macau, southeast asia. | recent urbanization in macau has resulted in the precipitous decline to zero in populations of several anopheline vectors of malaria while providing optimal habitat for the population increase in culicines. of 18 species of mosquitoes reported in macau in recent years, 15 species are included here. culex quinquefasciatus, culex sitiens, and aedes albopictus were the most abundant species. notes are provided for anopheles sinensis, armigeres magnus, armigeres subalbatus, culex foliatus, culex fus ... | 1994 | 7707061 |
| studies on the mosquito vectors of japanese encephalitis virus in mandya district, karnataka, india. | entomological investigations were carried out in areas affected by japanese encephalitis (je) in mandya district, karnataka, india, from 1983 to 1988, to determine species composition and the density of mosquito vectors, in relation to the incidence of je cases. je cases occurred in two spells in a year, one during april-june (summer epidemic) and another during october-december (winter epidemic). there was very high incidence of je cases in extensively irrigated areas and a low incidence in som ... | 1994 | 7855661 |
| studies on adult mosquito vectors of japanese encephalitis in a pig farm in selangor, malaysia. | mosquito collections were carried out for a period of one year from january to december 1992 in a pig farm in sungai pelek, selangor, malaysia. a total of 41,022 mosquitos belonging to 52 species and 20 genera were collected. culex tritaeniorhynchus and cx. gelidus, the important vectors, comprised 63% of all mosquitos collected. both these species were collected in large numbers during the wet months of may and december. the other predominant species in that area were cx. fuscocephala, cx. quin ... | 1994 | 7855662 |
| host feeding patterns of culex vishnui sub group of mosquitoes in dibrugarh district of assam. | the host feeding patterns of three species of mosquitoes belonging to vishnui sub group, culex tritaeniorhynchus, culex vishnui and culex pseudovishnui, the most prevalent species in dibrugarh district were determined by analysing their blood meals. all 3 species were found be essentially zoophilic. high percentage of pig feeding was observed in culex tritaeniorhynchus (40 per cent) and culex vishnui (35.3 per cent) in comparison to other prevalent species in this area. in contrast culex pseudov ... | 1994 | 7868835 |
| viruses isolated from mosquitoes collected in sri lanka. | attempts to isolate viruses from 178,181 unengorged female mosquitoes collected from different ecologic areas of sri lanka yielded 31 isolates: 17 of japanese encephalitis (je) virus, nine of getah virus, three of a batai-related bunyavirus, and two of arkonam virus. culex tritaeniorhynchus and mansonia uniformis mosquitoes were found to carry je virus in a dry zone nonepidemic area, and cx. pseudovishnui was found to carry it in a wet zone nonepidemic area. japanese encephalitis virus was isola ... | 1994 | 7915499 |
| first isolation of japanese encephalitis virus from the mosquito, culex tritaeniorhynchus giles, 1901 (diptera: culicidae) in gorakhpur district, uttar pradesh. | a strain of japanese encephalitis (je) virus has been isolated from a pool of female mosquitoes of c. tritaeniorhynchus, using c. bitaeniorhynchus cell line. this is the first report of je virus isolation from mosquitoes in gorakhpur district of uttar pradesh, north india. | 1994 | 7927565 |
| elisa for detecting dengue and japanese encephalitis viral antigen in mosquitoes. | an indirect elisa has been developed for detecting two viruses in triturated, experimentally infected mosquitoes: dengue (den) in aedes aegypti (l.) and ae. albopictus (skuse) and japanese encephalitis (je) viral antigen in culex tritaeniorhynchus giles. den antigen from four strains of the virus, representing each of the four serotypes, and je antigen were captured with a polyclonal anti-flavivirus igg and detected with a monoclonal antibody (4g2) that reacts with all flaviviruses. minimum vira ... | 1994 | 7979627 |
| characterization of two japanese encephalitis virus strains isolated in thailand. | two strains of japanese encephalitis (je) virus were isolated from a pool of culex tritaeniorhynchus captured in 1992 and another pool of cx. vishnui captured in 1993, in chiang mai area, northern thailand. these two strains, thcmar44/92 and thcmar67/93, could not be identified either as nakayama or jagar01 subtype by the hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) and the neutralization (n) tests using immune sera raised against these standard je virus strains. reverse transcription-polymerase chain react ... | 1995 | 7487488 |
| effect of rice culturing practices on seasonal occurrence of culex tritaeniorhynchus (diptera: culicidae) immatures in three different types of rice-growing areas in central japan. | seasonal occurrence of culex tritaeniorhynchus giles immatures was surveyed, together with detailed observations on the rice cultivation practices, weekly in three different types of rice field habitat from 1982 to 1985. despite early water introduction and seedling transplantation, a late seasonal peak of density and abundance of first instars were observed at terraced rice fields (ye) with continuous water in- and outflow through sluices in a hilly area. in contrast, immature populations incre ... | 1995 | 7608915 |
| isolation of japanese encephalitis virus from mosquitoes collected in sabak bernam, selangor, malaysia in 1992. | detection and isolation of japanese encephalitis (je) virus were attempted from female mosquitoes collected in kampong pasir panjang, sabak bernam, selangor, from may to november 1992. a total of 7,400 mosquitoes consisting of 12 species in 148 pools were processed and inoculated into aedes albopictus clone c6/36 cell cultures. of these, 26 pools showed the presence of viral antigens in the infected c6/36 cells by specific immunoperoxidase staining using an anti-je virus polyclonal antibody. pre ... | 1995 | 7616198 |
| mosquito (diptera: culicidae) and predator abundance in irrigated and rain-fed rice fields in north sulawesi, indonesia. | immature mosquito species composition and abundance were studied in irrigated and rain-fed rice fields of north sulawesi, indonesia. irrigated rice fields were characterized by the prevalence of aquatic macrophytes and cyprinodont larvivorous fish, aplocheilus panchax (hamilton), but abundance per dip of most aquatic insect predators was lower than that in rain-fed rice fields. anopheles peditaeniatus (leicester), culex vishnui theobald, and culex tritaeniorhynchus giles, were dominant in both i ... | 1995 | 7616528 |
| abundance of three mosquito vectors in okinawa with relevance to disease risk. | the abundances of three mosquito vectors on okinawa were determined using new jersey light traps and compared with data from an identical survey in 1969. the focal distribution of the primary vector of japanese encephalitis (je), culex tritaeniorhynchus giles, indicates that exposure risks are not uniform throughout the island. the populations of the primary vectors of je and malaria appear to be declining, resulting in significant changes in the relative abundances of mosquito species. these ch ... | 1995 | 7617223 |
| isolation of a newly recognized alphavirus from mosquitoes in vietnam and evidence for human infection and disease. | during studies of arboviral epidemiology in vietnam, five virus isolates were recovered from culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes. three of the five isolates were identified as strains of japanese encephalitis virus, but the others, collected at me tri village, hanoi, were shown to represent an alphavirus, for which we propose the name me tri virus. this newly recognized virus is most closely related to semliki forest virus. the two isolates appear to be antigenic subtypes of a single virus, and e ... | 1995 | 7625527 |
| comparative evaluation of bioassay and elisa for detection of japanese encephalitis virus in field collected mosquitos. | comparative evaluation of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and bioassay (virus isolation in toxorhynchites splendens larvae and identification by immunofluorescence test using virus specific monoclonal antibody) was carried out in order to define a suitable strategy for monitoring japanese encephalitis virus infection in field mosquitos. a total of 8,850 adult female mosquitos in 177 pools (culex tritaeniorhynchus 91, cx. vishnui 59 and cx. fuscocephala 27) collected from an endemic are ... | 1995 | 8525426 |
| mark-release-recapture experiments to estimate the efficiency of the light trap in collecting japanese encephalitis vector mosquitoes. | efficiency of the light trap in collecting females of culex tritaeniorhynchus, the principal vector mosquito of japanese encephalitis, was evaluated by mark-release-recapture experiments. females collected with dry ice in the field were marked and released in a pigsty. the recapture rate of marked females by the light trap was so low as around 1% or lower. owing to this low efficiency, it is not likely that the light trap can be a useful tool in the control of japanese encephalitis. | 1995 | 8531408 |
| [observation on the development of coelomomyces indica in culex tritaeniorhynchus larvae]. | the present paper reports the development of coelomomyces indica in culex tritaeniorhynchus larvae. experimental observations indicated that the first instar of the mosquito larvae can be infected with fungus. the hyphal bodies developed and produced sporangia in the haemocoele of the mosquito larvae. the sporangia were released in water from the dead mosquito larvae. the development of mature sporangia with zoospores was in water at 34 degrees c within 8-12 hours. the zoospores released from th ... | 1995 | 7554155 |
| survival of newly emerged culex tritaeniorhynchus (diptera:culicidae) adults in field cages with or without predators. | a field experiment was conducted to estimate the survival of culex tritaeniorhynchus giles adults before 1st blood feeding under conditions with or without predators in a rice field in central japan. adults were counted for 5 d after emerging in cages (2 by 2 and 1.5 m high), which were placed in rice fields during the midseason drying period. only 10% of the adults survived until day 4 after emergence when exposed to predation, whereas > 60% of the adults survived until day 4 without predation. ... | 1996 | 8699471 |
| overwintering strategies of mosquitoes (diptera:culicidae) on warmer islands may predict impact of global warming on kyushu, japan. | mosquito overwintering was studied on tanegashima and yakushima, islands south of kyushu, to predict the impact of global warming on northern kyushu where mosquitoes overwinter in diapause. on tanegashima and yakushima, the following 5 types of overwintering strategies were recognized: (1) continued reproduction without diapause (2 anopheles spp., 2 culex spp., 2 aedes spp.); (2) diapausing female adults but a few adults from late-developing larvae may emerge in midwinter (2 anopheles spp. and 9 ... | 1996 | 8667392 |
| present susceptibility of culex tritaeniorhynchus, to conventional and some other insecticides in kota (rajasthan). | 1996 | 8778185 | |
| field trials of combined use of two species of mermithid nematodes to control anopheles and culex breeding in china. | the field tests of combined use of romanomermis yunanensis 2000-3000 larvae per sq m and romanomermis sp 1000-2000 larvae per sq m in rice fields. ponds and streams in four cities of china, resulted in 60.8-95.5% parasitism in culex tritaeniorhynchus, cx. quinquefasciatus, anopheles sinensis and an. anthropophagus. this successful use of two species of romanomermis together not only curb mosquito nuisance it also controls the major vectors of malaria, filariasis and encephalitis b in china. | 1996 | 9125829 |
| progress in studies on the overwintering of the mosquito culex tritaeniorhynchus. | a detailed review is presented of half a century's research in japan, korea and the temperate zone of china on the overwintering of culex tritaeniorhynchus, the main vector of japanese encephalitis. the evidence indicates that in the temperate zone, two types of overwintering strategy can be distinguished in cx. tritaeniorhynchus, ie survival by adults in situ in a dormant state, or migration by individuals which are in reproductive diapause. the authors contend that the former strategy is not v ... | 1996 | 9253890 |
| [effects of temperature on the viability and infectivity of preparasitic larvae of romanomermis yuanenesis]. | romanomermis yuanenesis (mermithidae: nematoda) was found in henan, china (song and peng, 1987), which has a broad host range in culicinae mosquito and has been used successfully in field test for control of culex tritaeniorhynchus, culex fatigans and aedes albopictus in sichuan, yunnan, guangxi and henan provinces. this study was attempted to determine the viability and infectivity of preparasitic larvae in various temperatures. the cultures containing r. yuanenesis eggs were flooded 2h with di ... | 1996 | 9208610 |
| changes in abundance and behaviour of vector mosquitoes induced by land use during the development of an oil palm plantation in sarawak. | surveys were conducted of adult and immature mosquitoes in an area undergoing oil palm development in north sarawak. point prevalence data from 2 sites were collected annually, coinciding with annual phases of forest clearing, burning/cultivation, and maintenance. major habitat perturbation during the forest/clearing transition shifted the major mosquito faunal equilibrium in terms of species composition, relative density and occurrence. analyses of variance showed that the mean numbers of 4 spe ... | 1997 | 9373626 |
| experimental studies on the vector potential of certain culex species to west nile virus. | experimental studies were carried out to determine the vector potential of four species of mosquitoes to west nile (wn) virus, viz. culex tritaeniorhynchus, cx. vishnui, cx. bitaeniorhynchus and cx. univittatus. all the four species of mosquitoes successfully transmitted and supported the growth of wn virus. the study indicated that the four species of mosquitoes could act as potential vectors of wn virus in nature. | 1997 | 9378528 |
| abundance, parity, and japanese encephalitis virus infection of mosquitoes (diptera:culicidae) in sepang district, malaysia. | a 2-yr study of japanese encephalitis (je) virus in sepang district, selangor, malaysia, was carried out to identify the mosquito vectors and to determine their seasonal abundance, parity, and infection rates. in total, 81,889 mosquitoes belonging to 9 genera and > 50 species were identified from cdc trap collections augmented with dry ice during 1992 and 1993. culex tritaeniorhynchus giles and culex gelidus giles were the most abundant species, and both increased in numbers with increases in ra ... | 1997 | 9151487 |
| effects of rice culture practices on the abundance of culex mosquitoes (diptera:culicidae) in northern thailand. | in 1991-1993, the density (numbers per 10 dips) and abundance (density x flooded area) of mosquitoes were studied in 3 areas of northern thailand with different environmental conditions. culex tritaeniorhynchus giles, cx. vishnui theobald, and cx. gelidus theobald were predominant among the 8 culex species collected. abundance of these 3 species varied significantly among the 3 areas. type of habitat classified according to agricultural practices in rainy and dry season significantly influenced ... | 1997 | 9151489 |
| virus isolation from wild-caught mosquitoes during a japanese encephalitis outbreak in kerala in 1996. | out of 5357 wild-caught mosquitoes in 163 pools tested for virus using antigen capture elisa and an insect-bioassay (inoculation into toxorhynchites splendens larvae and identification by ifa using je virus-specific monoclonal antibody), 16 flavivirus isolations were made of which 12 (75%) were identified as je virus. of the 12 je virus isolations, 7 were from culex tritaeniorhynchus, 3 from mansonia uniformis and 1 each from ma. indiana and anopheles subpictus. four isolations from mansonia spe ... | 1997 | 9248207 |
| japanese encephalitis in south arcot district, tamil nadu, india: a three-year longitudinal study of vector abundance and infection frequency. | in the south arcot district, an area endemic for japanese encephalitis in tamil nadu, culex tritaeniorhynchus giles, culex vishnui theobald, culex gelidus theobald and culex fuscocephala theobald constituted 93.6% of 422,621 adult females representing 27 culicine species collected between august 1991 and july 1994. vector abundance was lowest in the hot and dry season (april-june) and highest in the cool and wet season (october-december). overall, 285,531 adult female mosquitoes (5,710 pools) we ... | 1997 | 9439119 |
| susceptibility of three laboratory strains of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) to japanese encephalitis virus from taiwan. | the susceptibility of 3 laboratory strains of aedes albopictus (skuse) (sanhsia [sh], yungho [yh], liyang [ly], and 1 strain of culex tritaeniorhynchus giles from northern and central taiwan were compared for susceptibility to the mq1-2 strain of japanese encephalitis (je) virus. the median infective dose (mid50) by intrathoracic inoculation was 0.23, 0.76, 1.60, and -0.03 log10 wmicld50 (50% weanling mice intracranial lethal dose) with ae. albopictus sh, yh, ly, and cx. tritaeniorhynchus, respe ... | 1997 | 9439133 |
| amplification of a serine esterase gene is involved in insecticide resistance in sri lankan culex tritaeniorhynchus. | culex tritaeniorhynchus, the major vector of japanese encephalitis in sri lanka, is resistant to organophosphorus insecticides, with a 10-fold resistance ratio at the lc50 for chlorpyrifos, and a high heterogenelty factor in the insect field population. the major mechanism of resistance in this species, as in the mosquito c. quinquefasciatus, is elevation of esterase activity. basic biochemical, immunological and molecular analysis suggests that the c. tritaeniorhynchus ctrestbeta1 gene is ortho ... | 1998 | 9723868 |
| comparisons of rice field mosquito (diptera: culicidae) abundance among areas with different agricultural practices in northern thailand. | adult mosquitoes were collected from 3 areas in northern thailand with different availabilities of rice fields for larval habitats by using blacklight, truck, and pig-baited traps. culex tritaeniorhynchus giles and culex gelidus theobald were dominant in all samples. significant study-area differences were found in light and truck trap collections for cx. tritaeniorhynchus and cx. gelidus, but not for culex vishnui theobald + culex pseudovishnui colless. in pig-baited sample area differences wer ... | 1998 | 9775619 |
| dna immunization with japanese encephalitis virus nonstructural protein ns1 elicits protective immunity in mice. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is a zoonotic pathogen that is prevalent in some southeast asian countries and causes acute encephalitis in humans. to evaluate the potential application of gene immunization to jev infection, we characterized the immune responses from mice intramuscularly injected with plasmid dna encoding jev glycoproteins, including the precursor membrane (prm) plus envelope (e) proteins and the nonstructural protein ns1. when injected with the p ... | 1998 | 9420215 |