Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| origin of blood meals in indoor and outdoor resting malaria vectors in western kenya. | blood meals were obtained from indoor and outdoor resting malaria vectors in three villages of western kenya and tested by sandwich elisa to determine host preferences and their human blood index (hbi). anopheles gambiae s.s. collected indoors at kisian village had a hbi of 0.97 while that of anopheles arabiensis collected at ahero was 0.23. however, the hbi of a. arabiensis varied depending on the availability of outdoor resting shelters. most female a. arabiensis (98.9%) collected outdoors in ... | 1994 | 7709869 |
| anopheles arabiensis and an. gambiae chromosomal inversion polymorphism, feeding and resting behaviour in relation to insecticide house-spraying in tanzania. | differential responses of the mosquitoes anopheles arabiensis and an. gambiae sensu stricto to house-spraying with ddt or lambda-cyhalothrin were evaluated in relation to chromosomal inversion polymorphism, feeding and resting behaviour of these malaria vectors in tanzania. blood-fed mosquitoes from pit traps outdoors, exit traps on windows and indoor-resting catches were identified cytogenetically and the chromosomal inversion frequencies compared between samples and species. their outdoor-rest ... | 1995 | 7548951 |
| test for association of ddt resistance with inversion polymorphism in anopheles arabiensis from ethiopia. | association of ddt resistance levels with chromosome inversion polymorphism was investigated in anopheles arabiensis samples collected from southwestern ethiopia. the frequencies of the 2ra, 2rd, and 3ra inversions in 1988 and 1990 between the ddt survivors pooled from the 3 times of exposure and unexposed controls did not differ significantly. however, for 2rb a significant association was observed (mantel-haenszel chi 2, stratified for year of collection = 10.4, p < 0.001). the inversion frequ ... | 1995 | 7595453 |
| an immunological factor that affects anopheles gambiae survival. | high titers of antibodies against anopheles gambiae midguts were produced in new zealand rabbits to identify midgut targets for an antimosquito vaccine. the serum from one of 8 rabbits (designated r2b6) killed 71.6% (abbott's adjusted % mortality) of an. gambiae within 7 days. mosquitoes ingesting r2b6 serum were unable to absorb their blood meal nutrients, resulting in reduced oviposition and egg hatching rates. anopheles stephensi and anopheles arabiensis were also killed when ingesting r2b6 s ... | 1995 | 7616189 |
| [vector control in the epidemics of the madagascar highlands]. | the plateau, or more precisely the highlands, cover most of the central part of madagascar with an altitude higher than 1,000 m. there the climate is tropical with a wet and hot season, from october through april coincident with further outbreaks of malaria. this alternates with a dry season from may through september when the temperature is not favorable to the development of the vectors and the extrinsic cycle of the parasite. the malaria is unstable. the short season of transmission is someti ... | 1995 | 8784547 |
| [entomological surveillance in mauritius]. | the entomological surveillance is an essential link in the fight against malaria in mauritius. because of the large number of malaria-infected travellers in mauritius and the presence of the vector anopheles arabiensis, the risk of local transmission is very real. the medical entomology division together with the malaria control unit and the health appointees exert a rigorous entomological surveillance of malaria. field agents make entomological investigations of pilot villages and around the ha ... | 1995 | 8784549 |
| probing and gorging responses of three mosquito species to a membrane feeding system at a range of temperatures. | membrane feeding of 3 mosquito species, aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi, and anopheles arabiensis, with formulated protein meals was carried out at a range of temperatures. the response was evaluated in terms of probing after 5 min, engorgement after 90 min, and 50% feeding time. aedes aegypti showed a satisfactory feeding response across the complete temperature range investigated, 28-40 degrees c, although engorgement was significantly faster between 36 and 40 degrees c. anopheles stephensi ... | 1995 | 8551304 |
| distribution and ecology of the mosquito fauna in the southwestern saudi arabia. | a mosquito larval survey was carried out in the southwestern region of saudi arabia for a two subsequent years period. nine mosquito species were identified; 4 anopheline species; anopheles arabiensis, an. sergentii, an. multicolor and an. tenebrosus and 3 culicine species, culex pipiens, cx. quinquefaciatus and cx. theileri as well as one aedine species, aedes caspius and culiseta subochrea. a map was made showing the distribution of the encountered species and a full description of all breedin ... | 1995 | 8586876 |
| [the utilization of molecular biological tools in the study of malaria transmission: example of programs conducted in senegal]. | some informations about malaria transmission, which has until nox difficult to get, can be obtained thanks to the use of molecular biology tools, pcr mainly. in senegal, we use that technique to solve two kinds of problems: -identification of species of the anopheles gambiae complex: pcr technique is useful compared to other diagnostic methods (chromosome pattern, dna probes, etc.) because it enables quickly and simply identification of captured anopheles from the dna contained in their legs. th ... | 1995 | 8649267 |
| impact of rapid urbanization on mosquitoes and their disease transmission potential in accra and tema, ghana. | the total of 75 mosquito species recorded in accra have declined to 28 species. contributing factors to this decline and the reduction in prevalence of malaria and bancroftian filariasis in accra presently include extensive water pollution and a fairly high daily mosquito mortality due to several factors including loss of natural adult resting places, use of mosquito repellents and the probable increase of anopheles arabiensis population. presently low yellow fever incidence is due inter alia to ... | 1995 | 8669399 |
| the relationship between female body size and survival rate of the malaria vector anopheles arabiensis in ethiopia. | the relationship between female mosquito body size and survival rate was studied in field populations of anopheles arabiensis in the awash valley, central ethiopia. body size was quantified by measuring the wing-length. highly significant correlations were found between size, parousness and insemination. it was concluded that larger an.arabiensis females have a higher probability of survival, being inseminated and producing more egg batches than smaller adults. implications for vectorial capacit ... | 1996 | 8744710 |
| a malariometric survey in turkana district, kenya: chemosensitivity in vivo of plasmodium falciparum infections and identity of the vector. | we have carried out a limited survey in vivo of the efficacy of chloroquine (n = 39) and pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (n = 29) as treatments for falciparum malaria in kaling, turkana district, northern kenya. both treatments were effective, achieving clinical cure (> 75% reduction in parasitaemia on day 2 with clinical improvement, and negative blood slide on day 7) in both children and adults. a limited entomological survey suggested that the main malaria vector in this area was anopheles arabiens ... | 1996 | 8758085 |
| some observations on the biting behavior of anopheles gambiae s.s., anopheles arabiensis, and anopheles funestus and their implications for malaria control. | studies were carried out in three villages in western kenya on the biting behavior of anopheles gambiae s.s., anopheles arabiensis, and anopheles funestus. blood feeding behavior and departure from houses were studied under the impact of permethrin-impregnated eaves-sisal curtains. only 2-13% of the female vector population was collected biting before 2200 hr. over 90% of the villagers went to bed by 2100 hr. an. funestus was 6.6-8.2 times more likely to bite people indoors than outdoors, while ... | 1996 | 8631382 |
| field evaluation of arthropod repellents, deet and a piperidine compound, ai3-37220, against anopheles funestus and anopheles arabiensis in western kenya. | a field evaluation of the repellents n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) and 1-(3-cyclohexen-1-yl-carbonyl)-2-methylpiperidine (ai3-37220, a piperidine compound) was conducted against anopheles funestus and an. arabiensis in kenya. both repellents provided significantly more protection (p < 0.001) than the ethanol control. ai3-37220 was significantly more effective (p < 0.001) than deet in repelling both species of mosquitoes. after 9 h, 0.1 mg/cm2 of ai3-37220 provided 89.8% and 71.1% protecti ... | 1996 | 8827589 |
| the polymerase chain reaction method as a tool for identifying members of the anopheles gambiae complex (diptera:culicidae) in northeastern tanzania. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primers developed at the centers for disease control in atlanta for the identification of members of the anopheles (cellia) gambiae giles complex were tested on material collected in the bagamoyo and muheza districts of northeastern tanzania. part of the sample from bagamoyo was chromosomally identified and correlated with the pcr identifications. this sample contained 170 anopheles arabiensis, 328 an. gambiae, and 58 anopheles merus, of which 121, 237, and 54 spe ... | 1996 | 8827604 |
| effects of variations in a formulated protein meal on the fecundity and fertility of female mosquitoes. | a formulated protein meal developed by kogan (1990) for adult female aedes aegypti mosquitoes was evaluated and modified to increase egg and pupal yield. a vigorous laboratory colony was maintained with the females fed exclusively on this dietary formula for about twenty-five generations over more than 2 years. extra modifications were made to produce a diet suitable for anopheles arabiensis and anopheles stephensi females to produce eggs. both formulations contain bovine albumin, haemoglobin an ... | 1996 | 8887337 |
| resting habits of anopheles arabiensis in the awash river valley of ethiopia. | the indoor- and outdoor-resting habits of anopheles arabiensis were studied over 2 years in central ethiopia. pyrethrum-spray catches and outlet-window-trap collections were carried out in both ddt-sprayed village huts and unsprayed huts. mosquitoes were also collected from pit shelters and natural outdoor-resting sites. females were marked and released in order to investigate their daytime-resting sites in sprayed and unsprayed huts. the an. arabiensis population in the study area is partially ... | 1996 | 8915128 |
| different response to plasmodium falciparum malaria in west african sympatric ethnic groups. | the comparison of malaria indicators among populations that have different genetic backgrounds and are uniformly exposed to the same parasite strains is one approach to the study of human heterogeneties in the response to the infection. we report the results of comparative surveys on three sympatric west african ethnic groups, fulani, mossi, and rimaibé, living in the same conditions of hyperendemic transmission in a sudan savanna area northeast of ouagadougou, burkina faso. the mossi and rimaib ... | 1996 | 8917569 |
| resting behaviour, ecology and genetics of malaria vectors in large scale agricultural areas of western kenya. | in kenya indoor and outdoor resting densities of anopheles arabiensis and anopheles funestus at the ahero rice irrigation scheme, and anopheles gambiae s.s., an. arabiensis and an. funestus at the miwani sugar belt were assessed for 13 months by pyrethrum spray collections in houses and granaries. the vector's house leaving behaviour was evaluated with exit traps and it was noted that early exophily (i.e., deliberate) was not detected in any of the vectors. assortative indoor/outdoor resting beh ... | 1996 | 9257337 |
| host choice by indoor-resting anopheles arabiensis in ethiopia. | the host preference of indoor resting anopheles arabiensis has been determined using a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. a total of 611 specimens, 258 from human dwellings, 179 from mixed dwellings, and 174 from cattle sheds, was examined. the proportion of human blood meals identified was highest from mosquitoes caught in human dwellings (91.5%), followed by those from mixed dwellings (20.2%) and cattle sheds (3.5%) (p < 0.0001). the smaller proportion of human blood meals from mixed dw ... | 1997 | 9373624 |
| the differing impact of chloroquine and pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine upon the infectivity of malaria species to the mosquito vector. | using serum or infected blood from danish volunteers and plasmodium falciparum-infected mozambican patients, respectively, the impact of curative doses of chloroquine and pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine upon infectivity of p. falciparum to anopheles arabiensis and an. gambiae or of p. berghei to an. stephensi was studied. both treatments cleared circulating p. falciparum gametocytes within 28 days. before this clearance, chloroquine enhanced infectivity to an. arabiensis, whereas pyrimethamine/sulfado ... | 1998 | 9502601 |
| morphometric multivariate analysis of field samples of adult anopheles arabiensis and an. gambiae s.s. (diptera: culicidae). | the afrotropical complex of sibling species anopheles gambiae giles includes the most efficient vectors of human malaria south of the sahara. anopheles arabiensis patton and an. gambiae s.s. giles are the members of the complex more adapted to the human environment. they are sympatric and synchronic over most of their distribution range; however, they show a different involvement in malaria transmission, with an. gambiae being more anthropophilic and endophilic than an. arabiensis. discriminatin ... | 1998 | 9542341 |
| differential responses of mosquito sibling species anopheles arabiensis and an. quadriannulatus to carbon dioxide, a man or a calf. | field studies on responses of two mosquito sibling species, anopheles arabiensis patton and an. quadriannulatus theobald, to a man, a calf and different release rates of carbon dioxide (man, calf and cow equivalents) were conducted in north-eastern south africa. various combinations of baits were compared in two-choice tests, using two mosquito nets, placed 2.5 m apart and 10 cm off the ground. mosquitoes attracted to the baits were able to enter the nets from below and were collected by means o ... | 1998 | 9622366 |
| use of short tandem repeats for the analysis of genetic variability in sympatric populations of anopheles gambiae and anopheles arabiensis. | anopheles gambiae and an. arabiensis were analysed at 30 short tandem repeat (str) loci originally developed for use in an. gambiae. all specimens were collected from the same village in kilifi district, coastal kenya. all 30 loci were amplified in the an. gambiae specimens, whereas 25 out of 30 loci (83.3%) were successfully amplified in the an. arabiensis specimens. both species had similar levels of polymorphism for the loci that were amplified (93.3% for an. gambiae and 92% for an. arabiensi ... | 1998 | 9675871 |
| [malaria transmission in the rural zone of niakhar, senegal]. | the anopheline bioecology and the malaria transmission were studied from january to december 1995 in three villages of the sahelian rural area of niakhar, senegal. this area of 29000 inhabitants, has been for several decades, a regional observatory for population and health. the three methods used for collecting mosquitoes were the collection at larval stages, the all night human biting collection, and the pyrethrum spray catch in houses during afternoons. the anophelines collected were, by nume ... | 1998 | 9735937 |
| age grading anopheles arabiensis: their gorging and surviving responses using a membrane feeding system. | literature on artificial membrane feeding has traditionally supported the notion that mosquitoes have to be enough old to present a high gorging rate and enough young to present a high surviving rate. in order to know the best mosquito age to perform a plasmodium sp. experimental infection revealed by oocyst examination, anopheles arabiensis of known ages were fed on baudruche membrane with fresh human blood thermostated at 37 degrees c. the response was evaluated in term of gorging after ten mi ... | 1998 | 9754303 |
| cloning of inversion breakpoints in the anopheles gambiae complex traces a transposable element at the inversion junction. | anopheles arabiensis, one of the two most potent malaria vectors of the gambiae complex, is characterized by the presence of chromosomal paracentric inversions. elucidation of the nature and the dynamics of these inversions is of paramount importance for the understanding of the population genetics and evolutionary biology of this mosquito and of the impact on malaria epidemiology. we report here the cloning of the breakpoints of the naturally occurring polymorphic inversion 2rd' of a. arabiensi ... | 1998 | 9770505 |
| gorging response of wild anopheles arabiensis using membrane feeder with baudruche or parafilm. | 1998 | 9772730 | |
| [malaria in antananarivo: evaluation of a post-epidemic situation]. | antananarivo has a population of close to one million inhabitants and is located in the highlands of madagascar. the capital was, until some years ago, thought to be a malaria transmission-free zone. however, between 1985 and 1990, several malaria cases occurred in the suburbs of antananarivo, along the ikopa river (the betsimitatatra plain), suggesting that local transmission was occurring. numerous malaria cases have since been reported by health workers each year, but there is insufficient ep ... | 1998 | 9794035 |
| the use of microsatellites to study gene flow in natural populations of anopheles malaria vectors in africa: potential and pitfalls. | the potential of microsatellites as population genetic markers in the malarial vectors anopheles gambiae and anopheles arabiensis was assessed using 4 loci. substantial genetic divergence was found not only between these species but also between the mopti and forest chromosomal forms of an. gambiae, demonstrating that microsatellites do have the power to detect barriers to gene flow in these mosquitoes. however, application and interpretation of microsatellites was not necessarily straightforwar ... | 1998 | 9813823 |
| complexities in the genetic structure of anopheles gambiae populations in west africa as revealed by microsatellite dna analysis. | chromosomal forms of anopheles gambiae, given the informal designations bamako, mopti, and savannah, have been recognized by the presence or absence of four paracentric inversions on chromosome 2. studies of karyotype frequencies at sites where the forms occur in sympatry have led to the suggestion that these forms represent species. we conducted a study of the genetic structure of populations of an. gambiae from two villages in mali, west africa. populations at each site were composed of the ba ... | 1998 | 9826688 |
| ecology of larval mosquitoes, with special reference to anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culcidae) in market-garden wells in urban dakar, senegal. | the urban area of dakar, senegal, contains > 5,000 market-garden wells that provide permanent sites for mosquito larvae, in particular anopheles arabiensis patton, the major vector of malaria. a study of the bioecology of mosquito larvae was conducted over 1 yr with a monthly visit to 48 of these wells. overall, 9,589 larvae were collected of which 80.1% were culicinae and 11.9% anophelinae. larvae from stages iii and iv (n = 853) were identified to 10 species. an. arabiensis represented 86% of ... | 1998 | 9835685 |
| [establishing a strain of anopheles arabiensis (diptera:culicidae) in an insectarium]. | for the first time in dakar (senegal), we managed to establish a local colony of anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) in insectarium. the observations on the productivity of the colony showed a gradual adaptation of the preimaginal stages to insectarium conditions. the estimated duration of the development of the various preimaginal stages showed an interval of 24 hours for egg hatching, 48 h for stage i, 24 h for stage ii, 24 h for stage iii and 36 h for the pupal stage. stage iv which mak ... | 1998 | 9846230 |
| estimation of plasmodium falciparum oocyst survival in anopheles arabiensis. | 1998 | 10396349 | |
| [characterization of entomopathogenic bacillus samples isolated in senegal and study of their toxicity for malaria vectors]. | a screening program developed in senegal to isolate new strains of entomopathogenic bacillus has led to the isolation of 194 strains of bacillus thuringiensis and 9 strains of bacillus sphaericus from various sites and insect samples. the characterization of these strains regarding their h serotype, their crystal composition and their toxicity against mosquitoes (culex pipiens, aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi) has led to the isolation of 27 mosquitocidal strains. as malaria is an important ... | 1998 | 10797955 |
| bionomics of anopheline vectors in zabid district, al-hodeidah governorate, republic of yemen. | the bionomics of anopheline vectors were analysed in randomly selected centres, representing fixed and spot-check stations. three anopheline species were found. anopheles arabiensis was the most prevalent species (84.2%) with a sporozoite rate of 0.7%, followed by a. culicifacies adenensis (14.9%) and a. rhodesiensis rupicolus (0.9%). maximum indoor resting density was recorded during march, july and august. positive sprayed sites for females were higher in bedrooms (40.4%) than animal sheds (26 ... | 1999 | 11338692 |
| high amounts of genetic differentiation between populations of the malaria vector anopheles arabiensis from west africa and eastern outer islands. | polymorphism at nine microsatellite loci was examined to assess the level of genetic differentiation between four anopheles arabiensis populations from senegal, the high plateau of madagascar, and reunion and mauritius islands. eight of nine loci showed great polymorphism (2-16 alleles/locus) and significant genetic differentiation was revealed between all four populations by f- and r-statistics, with fst estimates ranging from 0.080 to 0.215 and equivalent rst values ranging between 0.022 and 0 ... | 1999 | 10403334 |
| a description and morphometric comparison of eggs of species of the anopheles gambiae complex. | eggs of the 6 named species of the anopheles gambiae complex are described from scanning electron micrographs of specimens obtained from laboratory colonies or wild-caught females. morphometric measurements of eggs from 5 sources of anopheles arabiensis, 2 of anopheles gambiae, one of anopheles quadriannulatus, 2 of anopheles bwambae, 2 of anopheles merus, and one of anopheles melas are compared, and relationships are analyzed by multivariate statistics. no morphologic characters were species-di ... | 1999 | 10412112 |
| survival and emergence of immature anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes in market-gardener wells in dakar, senegal. | anopheles arabiensis is the unique species of the an. gambiae complex observed in the wells dug by market-gardeners in the dakar area. in order to relate the numbers of immature stages and emerging adults mosquitoes, population measurements were performed in eight wells in which an. arabiensis was the only mosquito species. mean density of immature stages was measured using two sampling methods, the dipping with a tray by giving 50 dips in each well, and the quadrat with a frame on 2 or 3 m2 in ... | 1999 | 10416193 |
| nine-year longitudinal study of antibodies to variant antigens on the surface of plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. | pfemp1 is an antigenically variable molecule which mediates the adhesion of parasitized erythrocytes to a variety of cell types and which is believed to constitute an important target for naturally acquired protective immune responses in malaria. for 9 years we have monitored individuals living in an area of low-intensity, seasonal, and unstable malaria transmission in eastern sudan, and we have used this database to study the acquisition, specificity, and duration of the antibody response to va ... | 1999 | 10417178 |
| [evaluation of the vectorial capacity of anopheles arabiensis (diptera:culicidae) on the island of réunion: an approach to the health risk of malaria importation in an area of eradication]. | following intensive control measures, malaria was eradicated from la réunion island (indian ocean) in 1979. however, potential vectors remain in coastal areas and, each year public health services detect some imported cases from surrounding countries. anopheles arabiensis is the only species which can be responsible for local transmission though its brief life cycle and its exophilic and zoophilic behaviour were found to be key elements in maintaining the eradication status of the disease on the ... | 1999 | 10472451 |
| population structure in the malaria vector, anopheles arabiensis patton, in east africa. | the population structure of the malaria vector anopheles arabiensis was investigated using data from six microsatellite loci in samples from localities in mozambique and tanzania. genotype frequencies were neither significantly different between houses in a village in tanzania nor between villages within a 20-km radius in mozambique. thus a deme has an area greater than 20 km in radius. at five of the six loci the heterozygosity of the population from mozambique was lower than that from tanzania ... | 1999 | 10583542 |
| analysis of genetic variability in anopheles arabiensis and anopheles gambiae using microsatellite loci. | we analysed genetic variability in anopheles arabiensis and anopheles gambiae populations using microsatellite loci to determine whether the rift valley restricts the flow of genes. deviations from hardy-weinberg expectations were significant, and were most likely to be due to the high frequency of null alleles observed. an. arabiensis populations occurring between 40 and 700 km apart across the eastern arm of the rift valley were not differentiated (pair-wise f(st) range: 0.0033-0.0265, p > 0.0 ... | 1999 | 10380112 |
| genetics of mosquito vector competence. | mosquito-borne diseases are responsible for significant human morbidity and mortality throughout the world. efforts to control mosquito-borne diseases have been impeded, in part, by the development of drug-resistant parasites, insecticide-resistant mosquitoes, and environmental concerns over the application of insecticides. therefore, there is a need to develop novel disease control strategies that can complement or replace existing control methods. one such strategy is to generate pathogen-resi ... | 2000 | 10704476 |
| a study of the urban malaria transmission problem in khartoum. | a study of malaria prevalence and transmission was carried out in khartoum, the capital of sudan. the sentinel sites were el manshia, an urban area on the blue nile and ed dekheinat, a lower-income peri-urban area bordering the white nile. anopheles arabiensis, the only malaria vector encountered, was present throughout the year although vector density varied seasonally. plasmodium falciparum was the only species found in el manshia. in ed dekheinat p. falciparum, plasmodium ovale and plasmodium ... | 2000 | 10708656 |
| absence of insecticide resistance in anopheles gambiae s.l. (diptera: culicidae) after four decades of residual house spraying in gokwe district, zimbabwe. | field tests showed that anopheles gambiae s.l. from 4 villages in gokwe district, midlands province, zimbabwe, were susceptible to 4% ddt, 0.025% deltamethrin, 0.025% alpha-cypermethrin, and 0.1% lambdacyhalothrin. in the laboratory, f1 progeny of field-caught females that were identified as anopheles arabiensis patton were completely susceptible to deltamethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, lambdacyhathrin, and ddt. the use of insecticides in gokwe district has not yet induced detectable resistance in a ... | 2000 | 10730502 |
| a binding site for bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab toxin is lost during larval development in two forest pests. | the insecticidal activity and receptor binding properties of bacillus thuringiensis cry1a toxins towards the forest pests thaumetopoea pityocampa (processionary moth) and lymantria monacha (nun moth) were investigated. cry1aa, cry1ab, and cry1ac were highly toxic (corresponding 50% lethal concentration values: 956, 895, and 379 pg/microl, respectively) to first-instar t. pityocampa larvae. during larval development, cry1ab and cry1ac toxicity decreased with increasing age, although the loss of a ... | 2000 | 10742241 |
| evidence for mitochondrial introgression between anopheles bwambae and anopheles gambiae. | there is evidence for introgression between the malaria vectors anopheles gambiae and anopheles arabiensis, which belong to the anopheles gambiae complex. here we consider their relationship to another member of the complex, anopheles bwambae. species identifications were made using rdna-pcr and revealed one an. bwambae/gambiae hybrid among 459 wild-caught mosquitoes. a 237-nucleotide region of the mitochondrial nd5 gene was sequenced in sixty-nine individuals. the results suggest that there is ... | 2000 | 10762428 |
| enhanced development in nature of larval anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes feeding on maize pollen. | to determine whether pollen produced by maize (zea m. mays) may contribute to the development of larval anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes, the main african vectors of malaria, we correlated duration of larval development, pupation success, and size of the resulting adults with degree of access to this potential nutriment. maize pollen is abundant during the wet season on the surface of water near maize plantings in a malaria-endemic region of ethiopia, and larval anopheles arabiensis readily ... | 2000 | 11358003 |
| gametocytemia and infectivity to mosquitoes of patients with uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum malaria attacks treated with chloroquine or sulfadoxine plus pyrimethamine. | plasmodium falciparum gametocytemia and its related infectivity for mosquitoes was studied in 115 patients (median age = 18 years, range = 4-45) with simple malaria attacks who lived in the hypoendemic area of dakar, senegal. patients were included in a 28-day in vivo sensitivity test after treatment with chloroquine (cq, n = 82) or sulfadoxine plus pyrimethamine (sp, n = 33). the prevalence of resistant infections was 58.5% in those treated with cq and 0% in those treated with sp. the gametocyt ... | 2000 | 10813475 |
| cytogenetics of the anopheles gambiae complex in sudan, with special reference to an. arabiensis: relationships with east and west african populations. | the species composition of malaria vector mosquitoes belonging to the anopheles gambiae complex (diptera: culicidae) from >40 localities in sudan, representing most ecological situations, was determined by analysis of ovarian polytene chromosomes. of 2162 females, 93% were identified as an. arabiensis patton and 7% were an. gambiae giles sensu stricto. no hybrids were found between the two species. anopheles arabiensis occurred in all but two sites, whereas an. gambiae s.s. was effectively limit ... | 2000 | 10872859 |
| interspecific competition between sibling species larvae of anopheles arabiensis and an. gambiae. | mosquito larvae of the sibling species anopheles arabiensis patton and an. gambiae giles sensu stricto (diptera: culicidae) were investigated for interspecific competition. single-species and mixed-species populations were reared at 27 degrees c from the first instar to pupation at different densities (100, 200 or 400 larvae/200 cm2 tray) with a constant amount of food, 0.2 mg/larva/day. pupae obtained from mixed populations were identified to species using pcr. both species had a 1:1 sex ratio ... | 2000 | 10872860 |
| anopheles arabiensis and an. funestus are equally important vectors of malaria in matola coastal suburb of maputo, southern mozambique. | transmission characteristics of malaria were studied in matola, a coastal suburb of maputo, the capital city, in southern mozambique, from november 1994 to april 1996. the local climate alternates between cool dry season (may-october) and hot rainy season (november-april) with mean annual rainfall 650-850 mm. saltmarsh and freshwater pools provide mosquito breeding sites in matola. malaria prevalence reached approximately 60% among people living nearest to the main breeding sites of the vectors. ... | 2000 | 10872861 |
| evidence for extensive genetic differentiation among populations of the malaria vector anopheles arabiensis in eastern africa. | we describe the geographical population structure of the malaria vector anopheles arabiensis in eastern africa. allelic variation at eight microsatellite loci was scored in samples from nine localities along a 4500 km transect from sudan to mozambique. highly significant differences in genotype frequencies were found between all populations separated by more than 200 km. populations within malawi separated by 191 km were indistinguishable, as were those within sudan separated by 134 km. fst and ... | 2000 | 10971713 |
| persistence of anopheles arabiensis during the severe dry season conditions in senegal: an indirect approach using microsatellite loci. | variation at nine microsatellite loci was investigated to understand how anopheles arabiensis populations survive the dry season in the sahelian region of senegal. low estimates of genetic differentiation (f(st) = 0.012, r(st) = 0.009) between two populations, 250 km apart, suggested extensive gene flow across this distance. despite extreme seasonal fluctuation in abundance with dry season minima in which mosquitoes virtually disappeared, allele frequencies remained stable over time in the villa ... | 2000 | 11029665 |
| high heterogeneity in the number of plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in the bloodmeal of mosquitoes fed on the same host. | to investigate the quantitative distribution of plasmodiumfalciparum gametocytes into the vector bloodmeal, anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes were fed on 3 volunteers naturally infected with gametocytes. the content of each mosquito midgut was smeared on a microscope slide and giemsa stained. the distribution of gametocytes ingested by mosquitoes followed a negative binomial distribution, with apparently constant overdispersion (parameter k +/- s.e. = 3.105 +/- 0.392) for the 3 series. this aggreg ... | 2000 | 11085230 |
| efficacy of three insect repellents against the malaria vector anopheles arabiensis. | three commercial repellents marketed in south africa: bio-skincare (bsc, oils of coconut, jojoba, rapeseed and vitamin e), mosiguard towelletes with 0.574 g quwenling (p-menthane-3,8-diol, pmd) and the standard deet (15% diethyl-3-methylbenzamide, tabard lotion), were compared against a laboratory colony of the mosquito anopheles arabiensis patton (diptera: culicidae), the predominant malaria vector in south africa. human forearms were treated with 1.2 g bsc, 0.8 g pmd towelette or 0.5 g deet an ... | 2000 | 11129710 |
| a simplified model for predicting malaria entomologic inoculation rates based on entomologic and parasitologic parameters relevant to control. | malaria transmission intensity is modeled from the starting perspective of individual vector mosquitoes and is expressed directly as the entomologic inoculation rate (eir). the potential of individual mosquitoes to transmit malaria during their lifetime is presented graphically as a function of their feeding cycle length and survival, human biting preferences, and the parasite sporogonic incubation period. the eir is then calculated as the product of 1) the potential of individual vectors to tra ... | 2000 | 11289661 |
| the potential impact of integrated malaria transmission control on entomologic inoculation rate in highly endemic areas. | we have used a relatively simple but accurate model for predicting the impact of integrated transmission control on the malaria entomologic inoculation rate (eir) at four endemic sites from across sub-saharan africa and the southwest pacific. the simulated campaign incorporated modestly effective vaccine coverage, bed net use, and larval control. the results indicate that such campaigns would reduce eirs at all four sites by 30- to 50-fold. even without the vaccine, 15- to 25-fold reductions of ... | 2000 | 11289662 |
| dry season refugia of malaria-transmitting mosquitoes in a dry savannah zone of east africa. | dry season survival of anopheles funestus, anopheles gambiae and anopheles arabiensis in the kilombero valley a dry savannah zone of east africa, was investigated with over 400 collections from 23 areas, covering 300 sq km of the valley. anopheles gambiae was found only in association with humans, in forested areas of high annual rainfall, while an. funestus occurred at high densities at the valley edge where large non-moving bodies of water remained. a large population of an. arabiensis was pre ... | 2000 | 11304064 |
| local plants as repellents against anopheles arabiensis, in mpumalanga province, south africa. | to assess the repellency effect of three local plants; fever tea (lippia javanica), rose geranium (pelargonium reniforme) and lemon grass (cymbopogon excavatus) against laboratory reared anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes. | 2000 | 11317593 |
| zoophily of anopheles arabiensis and an. gambiae in madagascar demonstrated by odour-baited entry traps. | in madagascar we used odour-baited entry traps (obets) for host choice tests of wild female anopheline mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) at representative localities on the east and west sides of the island (villages fenoarivo and tsararano, respectively) and at the southern margin of the central plateau (zazafotsy village, 800 m altitude). no insecticide house-spraying operations have been undertaken at these villages. odours from a man and a calf of similar mass, concealed in different tents, we ... | 2001 | 11297101 |
| current status of malaria and potential for control. | malaria remains one of the world's worst health problems with 1.5 to 2.7 million deaths annually; these deaths are primarily among children under 5 years of age and pregnant women in sub-saharan africa. of significance, more people are dying from malaria today than 30 years ago. this review considers the factors which have contributed to this gloomy picture, including those which relate to the vector, the female anopheline mosquito; to human activity such as creating new mosquito breeding sites, ... | 2001 | 11148010 |
| evidence for recent population expansion in the evolutionary history of the malaria vectors anopheles arabiensis and anopheles gambiae. | gene flow in malaria vectors is usually estimated based on differentiation indices (e.g., f(st)) in order to predict the contemporary spread of genes such as those conferring resistance to insecticides. this approach is reliant on a number of assumptions, the most crucial, and the one most likely to be violated in these species, being mutation-migration-drift equilibrium. tests of this assumption for the african malaria vectors anopheles gambiae and anopheles arabiensis are the focus of this stu ... | 2001 | 11420373 |
| comparison of direct and membrane feeding methods to infect anopheles arabiensis with plasmodium falciparum. | two standard methods are available to infect mosquitoes with malaria parasites: direct feeding through the skin of the gametocyte carrier, and membrane feeding. anopheles arabiensis collected at larval stages and reared in an insectary were fed in parallel by feeding on plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriers and by membrane feeding on venous blood of the same gametocyte carriers. infection of mosquitoes was assessed at day 7 post bloodmeal by oocyst count of the mosquito midguts. the followin ... | 2001 | 11425159 |
| lymphatic filariasis in ghana: entomological investigation of transmission dynamics and intensity in communities served by irrigation systems in the upper east region of ghana. | we conducted an entomological study to document the effect of irrigation on the vectors and transmission dynamics of lymphatic filariasis in the upper east region of ghana. mosquitoes were collected by indoor spraying of houses in a cluster of communities located around irrigation projects (tono and vea) and others without reservoirs (azoka). anopheles gambiae s.s. was the dominant species and major vector, followed by an. funestus. anopheles arabiensis constituted 9--14% of the an. gambiae comp ... | 2001 | 11469943 |
| the impact of indoor residual spraying with malathion on malaria in refugee camps in eastern sudan. | an exploratory trial of the efficacy of indoor spraying with malathion on morbidity and mortality in refugee camps in eastern sudan was conducted during the rainy season of 1997. the interior walls of houses from a randomly selected group of five camps were sprayed with malathion in mid-september and morbidity and mortality rates in the camps for the months october to december compared with rates in five controls. pyrethrum spray collection and human landing catches were performed in two collect ... | 2001 | 11495638 |
| when genetic distance matters: measuring genetic differentiation at microsatellite loci in whole-genome scans of recent and incipient mosquito species. | genetic distance measurements are an important tool to differentiate field populations of disease vectors such as the mosquito vectors of malaria. here, we have measured the genetic differentiation between anopheles arabiensis and anopheles gambiae, as well as between proposed emerging species of the latter taxon, in whole genome scans by using 23-25 microsatellite loci. in doing so, we have reviewed and evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of standard parameters of genetic distance, f(st) ... | 2001 | 11553812 |
| repellent effects on anopheles arabiensis biting humans in kruger park, south africa. | distribution of biting sites on the human body by the malaria vector anopheles arabiensis patton (diptera: culicidae) was investigated near a source of mosquitoes in the kruger national park, south africa. eight adult male volunteers (2 teams x 2 pairs of subjects) conducted human bait collections while seated on camp chairs in the open-air, wearing only short trousers (no shirt, socks or shoes). mosquito collections during 18.30-22.30 hours on five consecutive nights in april 1998 yielded a tot ... | 2001 | 11583446 |
| the availability of potential hosts as a determinant of feeding behaviours and malaria transmission by african mosquito populations. | a simple model for the influence of host availability on vector bloodmeal choice is applied to estimate the relative availabilities of humans, cattle and other host populations to malaria vectors in african communities, using published human blood indices and ratios of cattle to humans. cattle were bitten < 0.01, 0.021 +/- 0.11, 1.61 +/- 0.16 and 1.61 +/- 0.46 times as often as humans by anopheles funestus, an. gambiae sensu stricto and an. arabiensis in segera, tanzania, and an. gambiae sensu l ... | 2001 | 11706651 |
| cuticular-hydrocarbon discrimination between anopheles gambiae s.s. and an. arabiensis larval karyotypes. | examination of chromatograms of karyotyped larvae of anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles arabiensis has revealed that there are differences in the profile of their epicuticular hydrocarbons. a discriminant analysis of the quantitative hydrocarbon data has shown that the an. gambiae mopti 2rbc/bc karyotype from mali could be separated from the forest 2la/a karyotype from liberia in > 80% of cases. similar analysis permitted > 80% separation of individuals of two karyotypes of anopheles arabiensi ... | 2001 | 11784439 |
| the distribution of two major malaria vectors, anopheles gambiae and anopheles arabiensis, in nigeria. | the distribution of anopheles gambiae and an. arabiensis across the ecological zones of nigeria (arid savanna in the north gradually turns into humid forest in the south) was investigated. results of the present study were compared to the distributions determined from samples of indoor-resting females reported by an earlier study over 20 years ago. larvae were sampled in the rainy seasons of 1997 and 1999 from 24 localities, 10 of which were sampled in both years. specimens were identified by th ... | 2001 | 11784926 |
| the feeding behaviour and plasmodium infection of anopheles mosquitoes in southern ethiopia in relation to use of insecticide-treated livestock for malaria control. | anopheles arabiensis and an. quadriannulatus species b mosquitoes were collected at sites of human and livestock housing and analysed for blood feeding patterns and infection with malaria sporozoites. a low percentage of human blood meals at some sites suggested that zooprophylaxis could be effective in reducing challenge from plasmodium falciparum. | 2001 | 11816425 |
| evidence for memorized site-fidelity in anopheles arabiensis. | a mark-recapture experiment was carried out in northern tanzania to determine whether anopheles arabiensis exhibits memory, by investigating if bloodfed individuals would return to either the location or the host where or on which they had obtained a previous bloodmeal, behaviours termed site-fidelity and host-fidelity respectively. over 4300 mosquitoes were collected from 2 houses, marked with different fluorescent colours according to whether they were caught in cattle sheds, 'cattle-fed', or ... | 2001 | 11816426 |
| population genetic structure of the malaria mosquito anopheles arabiensis across nigeria suggests range expansion. | ten microsatellite loci, four located within and six outside chromosome inversions, were employed to study the genetic structure of anopheles arabiensis across the ecological zones of nigeria (arid savannah in the north gradually turns into humid forest in the south). regardless of location within or outside inversions, genetic variability at all loci was characterized by a reduction in both the number of alleles per locus and heterozygosity from savannah to forest. across all loci, all but one ... | 2001 | 11883874 |
| [chromosomal polymorphism of populations of anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) from reunion island and cross-fertility among continental african populations]. | cytological examination of a sample of anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes from reunion island revealed the presence of an. arabiensis only. chromosomal polymorphisms were observed only for inversion 3ra, the standard homozygote form being predominant. cross-mating experiments with laboratory specimens originating from continental africa produced viable and fertile offspring with no chromosomal asynapsis observed in the f1 female progeny. there was no evidence for speciation of the reunion isla ... | 2001 | 11921546 |
| spatial and habitat distribution of anopheles gambiae and anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) in banambani village, mali. | we studied the larval distribution and composition of anopheles arabiensis patton, an. gambiae s.s. giles, and its forms, among local habitats; and their association with the adults between these habitats in banambani village, mali during the mid-rainy seasons of 1997-1999. for species and form identification we used polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and pcr-restriction fragment-length polymorphism (rflp). differences among species in the distribution of larvae were observed in 1998, but not in 19 ... | 2002 | 11931274 |
| malaria outbreak control in an african village by community application of 'deet' mosquito repellent to ankles and feet. | the malaria vector anopheles arabiensis patton (diptera: culicidae) shows a marked predilection (> 80%) for biting the ankles and feet of human subjects, as revealed by our previous observations at malahlapanga in the kruger national park, south africa. topical application of insect repellent, 15% deet (n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide), to feet and ankles reduced the overall biting rate of an. arabiensis by 69%. a focal malaria epidemic in albertsnek village (25 degrees 33's, 31 degrees 59' e) nea ... | 2002 | 11963976 |
| malaria transmission risk variations derived from different agricultural practices in an irrigated area of northern tanzania. | malaria vector anopheles and other mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) were monitored for 12 months during 1994-95 in villages of lower moshi irrigation area (37 degrees 20' e, 3 degrees 21' s; approximately 700 m a.s.l.) south of mount kilimanjaro in northern tanzania. adult mosquito populations were sampled fortnightly by five methods: human bait collection indoors (18.00-06.00 hours) and outdoors (18.00-24.00 hours); from daytime resting-sites indoors and outdoors; by cdc light-traps over sleeper ... | 2002 | 11963979 |
| a marked seasonality of malaria transmission in two rural sites in eastern sudan. | the ecology of anopheles arabiensis and its relationship to malaria transmission was investigated in two villages in eastern sudan. seasonal malaria case incidence was compared with the number of vectors detected and with climatic variables. following the end of the short rainy season in october the number of a. arabiensis detected dropped gradually until february when neither outdoor human bait trapping nor indoor spray catches revealed any mosquitoes. vectors re-appeared in june as humidity ro ... | 2002 | 12062795 |
| host selection by anopheles arabiensis and an. quadriannulatus feeding on cattle in zimbabwe. | in the zambezi valley, mosquito females of the anopheles gambiae giles complex (diptera: culicidae) were collected from a hut containing pairs of cattle distinguishable by known dna markers. dna was extracted from the blood-fed mosquito abdomens and primer sets for ungulate and mosquito dna loci were used to identify the mosquito sibling species and individual host source(s) of their bloodmeals. the 67 mosquitoes comprised a mixture of an. arabiensis patton (31%) and an. quadriannulatus theobald ... | 2002 | 12109716 |
| advantages of larval control for african malaria vectors: low mobility and behavioural responsiveness of immature mosquito stages allow high effective coverage. | based on sensitivity analysis of the macdonald-ross model, it has long been argued that the best way to reduce malaria transmission is to target adult female mosquitoes with insecticides that can reduce the longevity and human-feeding frequency of vectors. however, these analyses have ignored a fundamental biological difference between mosquito adults and the immature stages that precede them: adults are highly mobile flying insects that can readily detect and avoid many intervention measures wh ... | 2002 | 12153709 |
| influence of host and larval habitat distribution on the abundance of african malaria vectors in western kenya. | the abundance of anopheline mosquitoes varies substantially among houses within the same villages. anopheles gambiae sensu stricto is highly anthropophilic, and anopheles arabiensis is zoophilic; thus, it is often hypothesized that the abundance of an. gambiae and an. arabiensis in a house is associated with the distribution of livestock and humans. in this paper we examined the influence of livestock and human host availability on the distribution and abundance of malaria vectors in the basin r ... | 2002 | 12363061 |
| the effects of climatic factors on the distribution and abundance of malaria vectors in kenya. | since 1988 malaria epidemics have occurred in multiple sites in western kenya highlands. climatic variability has been associated with some of the recent epidemics. we examined influences of climatic factors on the distribution and abundance of three malaria vector species, anopheles gambiae, anopheles arabiensis, and anopheles funestus in western kenya and in the great rift valley. mosquito samples were collected from the lowland and highland areas with various climatic conditions. the three ve ... | 2002 | 12495180 |
| examining the determinants of mosquito-avoidance practices in two kenyan cities. | this study assesses the behavioural and socio-economic factors associated with avoiding mosquitoes and preventing malaria in urban environments in kenya. | 2002 | 12495438 |
| malariasphere: a greenhouse-enclosed simulation of a natural anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae) ecosystem in western kenya. | the development and implementation of innovative vector control strategies for malaria control in africa requires in-depth ecological studies in contained semi-field environments. this particularly applies to the development and release of genetically-engineered vectors that are refractory to plasmodium infection. here we describe a modified greenhouse, designed to simulate a natural anopheles gambiae giles ecosystem, and the first successful trials to complete the life-cycle of this mosquito ve ... | 2002 | 12537599 |
| impact of cattle keeping on human biting rate of anopheline mosquitoes and malaria transmission around ziway, ethiopia. | to assess the impact of livestock keeping on the human biting rate (hbr) of anopheline mosquitoes and malaria transmission around ziway in the middle course of the ethiopian rift valley. | 2002 | 12625690 |
| seven essential oils inhibit anopheles arabiensis mosquito biting. | 2002 | 14562601 | |
| a comparative genomic analysis of two distant diptera, the fruit fly, drosophila melanogaster, and the malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae. | genome evolution entails changes in the dna sequence of genes and intergenic regions, changes in gene numbers, and also changes in gene order along the chromosomes. genes are reshuffled by chromosomal rearrangements such as deletions/insertions, inversions, translocations, and transpositions. here we report a comparative study of genome organization in the main african malaria vector, anopheles gambiae, relative to the recently determined sequence of the drosophila melanogaster genome. the ances ... | 2002 | 11779831 |
| a possible alternative method for collecting mosquito larvae in rice fields. | rice fields are efficient breeding places for malaria vectors in madagascar. in order to establish as easily as possible if a rice field is an effective larval site for anophelines, we compared classical dipping versus a net as methods of collecting larvae. | 2002 | 12057018 |
| distribution of the species of the anopheles gambiae complex and first evidence of anopheles merus as a malaria vector in madagascar. | background: members of the anopheles gambiae complex are amongst the best malaria vectors in the world, but their vectorial capacities vary between species and populations. a large-scale sampling of an. gambiae sensu lato was carried out in various bioclimatic domains of madagascar. local abundance of an unexpected member of this complex raised questions regarding its role in malaria transmission. methods: sampling took place at 38 sites and 2,067 females were collected. species assessment was p ... | 2003 | 14609436 |
| is the mbita trap a reliable tool for evaluating the density of anopheline vectors in the highlands of madagascar? | background: one method of collecting mosquitoes is to use human beings as bait. this is called human landing collection and is a reference method for evaluating mosquito density per person. the mbita trap, described by mathenge et al in the literature, consists of an entry-no return device whereby humans are used as bait but cannot be bitten. we compared the mbita trap and human landing collection in field conditions to estimate mosquito density and malaria transmission. methods: our study was c ... | 2003 | 14624701 |
| anopheles arabiensis and an. quadriannulatus resistance to ddt in south africa. | the malaria control programme of kwazulu-natal province, south africa, includes mamfene and mlambo communities. western-type houses there are currently sprayed with deltamethrin, whereas traditional houses are sprayed with ddt for malaria control. in 2002, mosquitoes of the anopheles gambiae complex (diptera: culicidae) were collected from ddt-sprayed houses, by window exit traps, and from man-baited nets outdoors. larval collections were also carried out at mzinweni pan near mlambo. species of ... | 2003 | 14651656 |
| togetherness among plasmodium falciparum gametocytes: interpretation through simulation and consequences for malaria transmission. | previous experimental gametocyte infections of anopheles arabiensis on 3 volunteers naturally infected with plasmodium falciparum were conducted in senegal. they showed that gametocyte counts in the mosquitoes are, like macroparasite intakes, heterogeneous (overdispersed). they followed a negative binomial distribution, the overdispersion coefficient seeming constant (k = 3.1). to try to explain this heterogeneity, we used an individual-based model (ibm), simulating the behaviour of gametocytes ... | 2003 | 14653532 |
| population genetic structure of anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes in ethiopia and eritrea. | this study examined the population genetic structure of the major malaria vector, anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes, in ethiopia and eritrea. ethiopia and eritrea have great geographical diversity, with high mountains, rugged plateaus, deep gorges, and rolling plains. the plateau is bisected diagonally by the great rift valley into the northwestern highlands and the southeastern highlands. five a. arabiensis populations from the northwestern highlands region and two populations from high-altitude ... | 2003 | 14691312 |
| [ecoethology of vectors and transmission of malaria in the lowland rice growing region of mandritsara, madagascar ]. | to evaluate the determining factors of the malaria transmission in the northwest region of madagascar, transversal studies were carried out through one year, from march 1997 to april 1998, in two villages located near mandritsara, at less than 300 meters above sea level. the rice-growing region forms an intermediate zone between the central highlands with epidemic and instable malaria and the coastal zone with endemic and stable malaria. mosquitoes were collected when landing on humans during th ... | 2003 | 14717053 |
| life table characteristics of anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae) under simulated seasonal conditions. | life tables provide a summary of mortality and reproductive schedules and can help explain why certain species proliferate in particular environments. life table characteristics of alopheles arabiensis, under a range of simulated seasonal temperature were determined. f1 progeny of field-collected material were observed at four fluctuating temperatures with means of 17.9, 23.2, 26.1, and 21.4 degrees c, representing winter, spring, summer and autumn temperature profiles. gonotrophic cycles, egg h ... | 2003 | 14765646 |
| a component of maize pollen that stimulates larval mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) to feed and increases toxicity of microbial larvicides. | to explain how larval anopheles arabiensis patton feed effectively in the turbid water in which they frequently develop, we determined whether an extractable component of maize, zea mays l., pollen enhances feeding by these mosquitoes. maturing maize produces a copious amount of wind-borne pollen that is nutritious enough and produced over a sufficient period to support the development of at least one generation of anopheline mosquitoes. larval an. arabiensis readily ingest the contents of maize ... | 2003 | 14765663 |
| larval habitat diversity and ecology of anopheline larvae in eritrea. | studies on the spatial distribution of anopheline mosquito larvae were conducted in 302 villages over two transmission seasons in eritrea. additional longitudinal studies were also conducted at eight villages over a 24-mo period to determine the seasonal variation in anopheline larval densities. eight anopheline species were identified with anopheles arabiensis predominating in most of the habitats. other species collected included: an. cinereus, an. pretoriensis, an. d'thali, an. funestus, an. ... | 2003 | 14765671 |
| 'a mate or a meal'--pre-gravid behaviour of female anopheles gambiae from the islands of são tomé and príncipe, west africa. | malaria prevalence differs between the two islands that comprise the archipelago of são tomé and príncipe. this may be due to differences in the biology of local anopheles gambiae, the only vector on the islands. survival rate and feeding frequency are two factors influencing vectorial capacity. anophelines generally feed just once per gonotrophic (oviposition) cycle. newly emerged insects, however, may feed two or more times during their first oviposition cycle thus increasing the likelihood of ... | 2003 | 12801421 |