Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| serological evidence for encephalitozoon cuniculi infection (nosemiasis) in gnotobiotic guineapigs. | encephalitozoon cuniculi infection (nosemiasis) was serologically diagnosed in hysterectomy-derived gnotobiotically reared guineapigs. the probability of vertical transplacental transmission is discussed. | 1988 | 3148061 |
| encephalitozoon cuniculi: quantitation of parasites and evaluation of viability. | two methods (manual and automated) for quantitation of viable versus dead encephalitozoon cuniculi are reported. the manual method uses ethidium bromide and acridine orange to stain dead and viable organisms, respectively. the stained organisms are visually differentiated with the aid of a fluorescence microscope. the automated method uses propidium iodide to stain dead parasites, which are differentiated from viable unstained parasites with the aid of a flow cytometer. an automated cell counter ... | 1988 | 2460622 |
| murine encephalitozoonosis: the effect of age and mode of transmission on occurrence of infection. | experiments were conducted to determine whether neonatal mice are more susceptible to e. cuniculi than adult mice, and whether vertical and/or horizontal transmission occur in murine encephalitozoonosis. e. cuniculi infection in neonates did not cause mortality or clinical signs, but did result in chronic infection. despite initial age-related immunodeficiency, mice infected as neonates eventually developed humoral and cell-mediated immune responses against the parasite comparable to those seen ... | 1988 | 2975735 |
| modulated immune responsiveness associated with experimental encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in balb/c mice. | spleen cell blastogenesis to mitogens and antibody responses to sheep erythrocytes (srbc) were tested in balb/c mice with experimental e. cuniculi infections. blastogenesis responses of spleen cells 1 week post-infection were significantly lower than normal to t-cell mitogens (con a and pha) and were unchanged in response to b-cell mitogens (lps and pwm). after 2 weeks post-infection, the responses to t cell mitogens returned to normal. mixing spleen cells from 1-week infected mice with cells fr ... | 1988 | 2975736 |
| encephalitozoonosis in arctic lemmings. | encephalitozoonosis was identified for the first time in arctic lemmings (dicrostonyx stevensoni and crosses of d. stevensoni and dicrostonyx rubricatus). the most common clinical findings were circling, torticollis, posterior paralysis, depression, blindness and death related to parasitic granulomas in many tissues. granulomas were most frequent in the central nervous system, but were seen in many other tissues throughout the body. granulomas were characterized by collections of macrophages and ... | 1989 | 2474690 |
| distemper-like disease and encephalitozoonosis in wild dogs (lycaon pictus). | clinical signs of a fatal disease resembling those of canine distemper were observed in two groups of captive wild dog (lycaon pictus) pups 13 days after vaccination with a commercially available combination vaccine for dogs which contained a live attenuated strain of canine distemper virus. histopathological examination of tissues revealed the presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies in neurons and lesions resembling canine distemper as well as colonies of an encephalitozoon sp. in the central ... | 1989 | 2492610 |
| prevalence of antibodies to encephalitozoon cuniculi in stray dogs as determined by an elisa. | an elisa, using encephalitozoon cuniculi spores as antigen, was used to determine the prevalence of specific anti-e cuniculi igg in a group of stray dogs. in a preliminary survey 51 of 248 sera were classified as positive with titres of 1:400 to 1:3200. the 18 sera with titres of 1:400 were reclassified as negative when no igg binding to the spores could be detected by comparison with a standard curve of anti-e cuniculi igg. the remaining 33 sera (13.3 per cent) were classified as low, moderate ... | 1989 | 2497576 |
| studies of encephalitozoonosis in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus pygerythrus) orally inoculated with spores of encephalitozoon cuniculi isolated from dogs (canis familiaris). | encephlitozoonosis was induced in 35 of 38 vervet monkeys (cercopithecus pygerythrus). they were either directly (orally) inoculated with encephlitozoon cuniculi or indirectly exposed to this protozoan parasite. cell-culture-grown spores of e. cuniculi, isolated from the kidneys of dogs with natural, fatal disease, were administered orally to 29 of these monkeys. another 5 were exposed in utero by orally infecting pregnant females, and 3 were exposed to horizontal infection by nursing infected i ... | 1989 | 2498797 |
| serologic evidence of encephalitozoon cuniculi infection in a colony of squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus). | five hundred seventeen serum samples obtained during 3 years from a collection of 250 squirrel monkeys were examined by indirect immunofluorescence and dot-elisa for antibodies to encephalitozoon cuniculi. one hundred seventy-nine monkeys were positive at least once and fifty six monkeys were positive three or more times. older animals were more likely to be positive than young animals, but the proportion of serologically positive monkeys did not change appreciably over the 3 years. as judged by ... | 1989 | 2503661 |
| mechanisms of resistance/susceptibility to murine encephalitozoonosis. | mechanisms of resistance/susceptibility to the obligate intracellular protozoan encephalitozoon cuniculi were studied in resistant balb/c and susceptible c57bl/6 mice. three immunological functions were examined: the production of lymphokine(s) (lk) by t-lymphocytes, the proliferative response of spleen cells to parasite spore fragments, and the ability of splenic and thioglycollate-induced peritoneal macrophages to act as accessory cells in antigen-induced t-cell proliferation. the two strains ... | 1989 | 2505212 |
| a case of encephalitozoon cuniculi peritonitis in a patient with aids. | a 45-year-old man with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) presented with an unusual peritonitis resulting from a microsporidian infection. an inflammatory mass formed by the omentum magnum was revealed at partial autopsy. this mass was infested with parasites measuring 2.5-2.6 microns by 1.2-1.5 microns, which appeared gram positive and stained dark blue with giemsa stain. these organisms were pale pink with kinyoun stain, and occasionally one of their poles was periodic acid-schiff posi ... | 1989 | 2505609 |
| human microsporidiosis and aids. | several protozoan parasites of the phylum microspora, previously only rarely recognized in humans, are being detected with increasing frequency in patients with aids. these protozoa are small obligate intracellular parasites of the intestine, liver, muscles, cornea, and several other tissues. they are difficult to detect because they stain poorly, often evoke little or no tissue response, and require electron-microscopic methods for classification. although there are no human isolates, serologic ... | 1989 | 2649958 |
| new aspects of parasitic zoonoses. | selected parasitic zoonoses are discussed with emphasis on epidemiological, diagnostic and some chemotherapeutic aspects. pneumocystosis, toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidiosis and microsporidiosis are briefly reviewed as "aids-related zoonoses". up to now 5 genera of microsporidia have been identified as causative agents of human infections, including encephalitozoon cuniculi, enterocytozoon bieneusi and pleistophora sp. which were found in aids patients. from the many "other parasitic zoonoses", gia ... | 1989 | 2669318 |
| microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | we describe three patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who presented with a bilateral coarse superficial epithelial keratitis due to infection with the protozoal parasite microspora, encephalitozoon cuniculi. despite the extent of the corneal surface disease, conjunctival inflammation was minimal. visual acuity ranged from 20/20 to 20/200. in one patient, the keratitis was complicated by the development of a surface defect with secondary pseudomonas species infection. all patients ha ... | 1990 | 2108656 |
| enterocytozoon bieneusi (microspora): prevalence and pathogenicity in aids patients. | microsporidia are unicellular organisms, which lack mitochondria. they have prokaryotic-like ribosomes and characteristic spores containing an extrusible polar tube which serves as a passage for inoculation of the infectious agent (sporoplasm) into host cells. clinically apparent infections in man appear to be limited to immunoprivileged sites or immunocompromised patients. one species, encephalitozoon cuniculi, has been reported several times in patients with neurological disorders and once cau ... | 1990 | 2117786 |
| human microsporidiosis. | 1990 | 2121831 | |
| brain and spinal cord lesions in encephalitozoonosis in mink. | central nervous system lesions were studied by light microscopy in 43 farmed mink, aged 5 months to 2 1/2 years, with spontaneous encephalitozoonosis and showing cataractous eye changes. lesions were found in the brain and spinal cord of all animals examined but were generally mild and chronic. the lesions were consistent with those previously described in spontaneous encephalitozoonosis in other carnivores. parasites in parasitophorous vacuoles and free or phagocytosed in necrotic and granuloma ... | 1990 | 2129181 |
| the incidence of encephalitozoon cuniculi in a commercial barrier-maintained rabbit breeding colony. | between 1982 and 1987 sera from 4952 new zealand white rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) obtained from a single commercial supplier were tested for the presence of antibodies to encephalitozoon cuniculi. a commercially available carbon immunoassay test kit was used. initially 32.9% of the rabbits were seropositive with the number progressively decreasing to 2.3% by 1987. the reason for the significant decline in the incidence of infection was most likely due to a selection process for breeding sto ... | 1991 | 1753686 |
| encephalitozoon infection in a still-born foal. | a stud clydesdale foal was still-born near full term. macroscopic examination revealed a normal placenta, pulmonary atelectasis and faint white mottling of the kidneys. microscopically there was severe lymphoplasmacytic interstitial nephritis. numerous organisms resembling encephalitozoon cuniculi were present in the affected kidneys. the organisms occurred in the areas of inflammation as well as in the renal glomeruli and intracellular cysts in the renal tubular epithelial cells and exhibited g ... | 1991 | 1770483 |
| culture, electron microscopy, and immunoblot studies on a microsporidian parasite isolated from the urine of a patient with aids. | microsporidian spores isolated from a urine sample of an hiv-positive patient were inoculated onto monolayers of six different cell cultures. the parasites (cdc:0291:v213) grew profusely in two of the cultures (hlf and e6) and extruded spores into the culture medium. the spores were gram-positive, 2.25- to 2.8-microns long, 1.25- to 1.8-microns broad, and smooth-walled. some of the spores had already extruded their polar tubes, which were either straight or slightly coiled. infected host cells c ... | 1991 | 1818126 |
| in vitro and in vivo investigations of human microsporidia. | the numerous infections of microsporidia which have been diagnosed in patients with aids have revealed the potential of these organisms for establishing themselves when the immune status of the host is compromised. two species of encephalitozoon, e. cuniculi and e. hellem, have been diagnosed in man, the former infecting a variety of tissues, the latter restricted to the corneal and conjunctival epithelia. these species are morphologically indistinguishable even at the ultrastructural level but ... | 1991 | 1818210 |
| studies on ocular microsporidia. | sera from six ocular microsporidiosis patients and eight individuals with no history of microsporidiosis were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and by western blot immunodetection. microsporidia used as antigen include nosema corneum, encephalitozoon hellem, encephalitozoon cuniculi, and nosema algerae. three aids patients with known e. hellem infections displayed elisa antibody titers to e. hellem ranging from 1:400 to 1:12,800. two patients with unclassified microsporidial i ... | 1991 | 1818211 |
| resolution of microsporidial epithelial keratopathy in a patient with aids. | a patient with a positive human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) titer and cryptococcal meningitis suffered bilateral epithelial keratopathy caused by encephalitozoon, which did not respond to sulfas, erythromycin, bacitracin, tobramycin, neomycin, polymyxin b, or fluconazole. eventual administration of itraconazole for the meningitis apparently produced resolution of the long-lasting (2-month) ocular infection. this new oral triazole antifungal may be valuable against the increasingly prevalent mic ... | 1991 | 1848925 |
| evidence for widespread occurrence of antibodies to encephalitozoon cuniculi (microspora) in man provided by elisa and other serological tests. | the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to survey human sera for antibodies to encephalitozoon cuniculi using spores obtained from in vitro cultures as antigen. sera were obtained from patients with tropical diseases, neurological and renal disorders, patients who were hiv positive and those who had been tested for hiv but found to be negative. sera from inhabitants of the village of jali, the gambia and from healthy blood donors were also examined. numerous sera from all groups e ... | 1991 | 1903878 |
| enteric infection with an obligate intracellular parasite, encephalitozoon cuniculi, in an experimental model. | rabbits were intrarectally infected with 3 doses (5 x 10(3), 5 x 10(5), and 5 x 10(7] of an obligate intracellular parasite, encephalitozoon cuniculi, with or without prior colonic lavages. although chronic administration of enemas seems to interfere to some degree with the intestinal translocation of the parasite, systemic infection was observed in both manipulated and nonmanipulated animals. the animals responded with antibodies of immunoglobulin a (iga) and igg isotypes, reflecting the route ... | 1991 | 1904839 |
| fine structure of a new human microsporidian, encephalitozoon hellem, in culture. | encephalitozoon hellem is a new human microsporidian isolated from corneal biopsies and conjunctival scrapings of three aids patients and cultured in madin darby canine kidney (mdck) cells. encephalitozoon hellem and encephalitozoon cuniculi display different protein profiles with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and unique antibody binding patterns with murine antisera against western blots of each organism. developmental stages of e. hellem in culture are similar to e. ... | 1991 | 1920150 |
| the pathology of subclinical infection of encephalitozoon cuniculi in canine dams producing pups with overt encephalitozoonosis. | the macroscopic, microscopic and clinical pathology and the serology of 2 clinically normal staffordshire bull terrier bitches, both of whom produced pups with confirmed encephalitozoonosis, is described. mild histopathological changes, similar to those seen in the infected pups, were observed. the spores of encephalitozoon cuniculi were seen in the renal tubules of the kidney of one of the bitches. the serum urea concentrations of one of the bitches was elevated. a positive titre against e. cun ... | 1991 | 1941887 |
| isolation and characterization of a new human microsporidian, encephalitozoon hellem (n. sp.), from three aids patients with keratoconjunctivitis. | a new human microsporidian was isolated from cultures of madin-darby canine kidney cells incubated with conjunctival scrapings or corneal tissues from three aids patients with keratoconjunctivitis. the three isolates were morphologically similar to encephalitozoon cuniculi. the spores averaged 1 x 1.5-2.0 microns, had six to eight polar filament coils, displayed monokaryotic nuclei, and possessed relatively thick endospores with irregularly shaped exospores. organisms developed within a parasito ... | 1991 | 1995733 |
| glomerulosclerosis and hyalinosis in rabbits. | histological appearances of remnant kidney in female new zealand white rabbits undergoing left nephrectomy at 6 mths were studied. all 20 rabbits had evidence of previous encephalitozoon cuniculi (e. cuniculi) infection. half of the 10 uninephrectomized and 10 control animals completed 3 pregnancies before sacrifice (15 mths). twelve of 30 kidneys at sacrifice showed focal and segmental hyalinosis and sclerosis (fshs), a lesion not previously reported in rabbits. four of 5 kidneys in both uninep ... | 1992 | 1437287 |
| diagnosis of encephalitozoon cuniculi infection by western blot and the use of cross-reactive antigens for the possible detection of microsporidiosis in humans. | microsporidia are very primitive, eukaryotic, obligate, intracellular, protozoan parasites. encephalitozoon cuniculi, a microsporidian originally described from a rabbit infection, has been described in humans as well as in many species of laboratory animals. we report the detection of e. cuniculi by western blotting in a rabbit with torticollis that was obtained from an encephalitozoon-free colony. cross-reactivity of this serum was observed with antigens prepared from several genera of microsp ... | 1992 | 1443343 |
| hepatic lesions in rabbits infected with encephalitozoon cuniculi administered per rectum. | microsporidia have been recognized recently as opportunistic pathogens in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. in an attempt to develop an animal model of enteric microsporidiosis, adult (5 to 6 months old) male flemish giant rabbits from a closed new york colony were administered 5 x 10(3), 5 x 10(5), and 5 x 10(7) encephalitozoon cuniculi per rectum. rabbits given 5 x 10(5) and 5 x 10(7) e. cuniculi had moderate granulomatous periportal infiltrates, characterized by the presence of num ... | 1992 | 1448900 |
| systemic dissemination by a newly recognized intestinal microsporidia species in aids. | primarily to determine whether an intestinal microsporidian recently identified in aids patients disseminates from the bowel to infect other organs. | 1992 | 1466846 |
| rabbit encephalitozoonosis in kenya. | encephalitozoon cuniculi infection was diagnosed in a laboratory rabbit breeding colony at muguga, kenya. this is the first report of the disease in rabbits in kenya. post-mortem examination showed gross renal lesions and the presence of the parasite in histological sections of the cerebrum and cerebellum. on gram stain, spores were observed in the kidney sections. | 1992 | 1501438 |
| microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis in a patient with aids. | a male patient is described with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) who developed chronic keratoconjunctivitis and chronic sinusitis due to infection with the microsporidian encephalitozoon cuniculi. diagnosis was confirmed by electron microscopic examination of conjunctival epithelial cells and nasal polypectomy specimens. treatment with propamidine isethionate 0.1% (brolene) eye drops six times daily led to a prompt resolution of the keratoconjunctivitis. | 1992 | 1540567 |
| chronic microsporidian infection of the nasal mucosae, sinuses and conjunctivae in hiv disease. | a case of chronic infection of the nasal mucosae, sinuses and conjunctivae with a microsporidian parasite in association with hiv infection and immune deficiency is reported. this microsporidian resembles both encephalitozoon cuniculi and the newly described encephalitozoon hellem by electron microscopy. this occurred in an adult male resident in the uk with no history of foreign travel. although there are previous descriptions of conjunctival infections from the usa, this is the first descripti ... | 1992 | 1607196 |
| disseminated microsporidiosis (encephalitozoon hellem) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. autopsy evidence for respiratory acquisition. | microsporidia are obligate intracellular protozoal parasites that infect a variety of cell types in a broad range of invertebrates and vertebrates. they have recently come to medical attention due to the increased frequency with which members of two microsporidian genera, enterocytozoon and encephalitozoon, are being diagnosed in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). the majority of published reports of human microsporidiosis describe enterocytozoon infection of small inte ... | 1992 | 1616428 |
| pathology of symptomatic microsporidial (encephalitozoon hellem) bronchiolitis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a new respiratory pathogen diagnosed from lung biopsy, bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum, and tissue culture. | encephalitozoon hellem is a recently described microsporidian associated with an expanding spectrum of clinical presentations in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). it is morphologically similar to encephalitozoon cuniculi, a microsporidian infection of mammals and some avians, and their differentiation rests on biochemical and antigenic analyses. this report describes a patient previously diagnosed with keratoconjunctivitis due to e hellem who subsequently was found to ... | 1993 | 7504651 |
| staining of microsporidian spores by optical brighteners with remarks on the use of brighteners for the diagnosis of aids associated human microsporidioses. | conditions for the effective fluorescence labelling of microsporidian spores by optical brighteners, based on the presence of chitin in the spore wall, are described. spores of vairimorpha ephestiae, v. necatrix, v. plodiae, nosema bombycis, n. apis, n. algerae, encephalitozoon cuniculi and enterocytozoon bieneusi were examined. the degree of binding of calcofluor white m2r (cfw) to untreated spores depends on the conditions and time of storage and the degree of bacterial contamination of the sp ... | 1993 | 7516908 |
| [naturally-acquired microsporidia (encephalitozoon cuniculi) infections in hens]. | during a short period of time, four approximately ten months old chickens from an egg production (group a) unit developed symptoms of apathy, lameness, mild diarrhoea and loss of weight. the layers were killed and submitted for necropsy. for the first time, microsporidia infection, probably encephalitozoon cuniculi (e.c.) was diagnosed in chickens. the diagnosis was mainly based on immunohistochemical methods. e.c. was found particularly in the cells of the cutaneous mucous membrane of the crop ... | 1993 | 8248903 |
| retrospective study of diseases in a captive lemming colony. | fifty-four ill or nonproductive lemmings (dicrostonyx spp.) were evaluated for signs, lesions and causes of disease for 5 yr in a domestic colony. parasitic granulomas caused by encephalitozoon cuniculi were the most common finding and were seen in 22 lemmings. the disease was characterized by circling and torticollis with granulomas in many tissues, especially the central nervous system. suppurative otitis occurred in 12 lemmings and was associated with klebsiella pneumonia infection; circling ... | 1993 | 8258869 |
| detection of microsporidian spores in clinical samples by indirect fluorescent-antibody assay using whole-cell antisera to encephalitozoon cuniculi and encephalitozoon hellem. | three polyclonal mouse antisera, to encephalitozoon cuniculi, nosema algerae, and nosema corneum, and two polyclonal rabbit antisera, to e. cuniculi and encephalitozoon hellem, were used in an indirect fluorescent-antibody assay (ifa) with enterocytozoon bieneusi, e. cuniculi, and encephalitgozoon. hellem spores (spores of the last two were taken from culture). enterocytozoon bieneusi cannot be cultured. by ifa, antisera to e. cuniculi and e. hellem reacted strongly and equally with each other's ... | 1993 | 8263205 |
| characterization of encephalitozoon hellem (microspora) isolated from the nasal mucosa of a patient with aids. | a microsporidium of the genus encephalitozoon was isolated into culture from the nasal epithelium of a patient with aids. it was compared with in vitro isolates of encephalitozoon cuniculi and the type isolate of encephalitozoon hellem by sds-page and by western blotting with murine antisera raised to e. cuniculi, e. hellem and the nasal isolate, monoclonal antibodies raised to e. cuniculi and sequential sera from the patient. all tests showed similarities between e. hellem and the nasal isolate ... | 1993 | 8278216 |
| spontaneous encephalitozoonosis in an experimental group of guinea pigs. | 1993 | 8286477 | |
| experimental infection of athymic mice with the human microsporidian nosema corneum. | athymic mice (balb/c nu/nu/ola/hsd) were experimentally infected intraperitoneally with nosema corneum spores. infection was monitored in the first and second weeks post-infection. the liver, spleen, kidney, intestine, lung, heart, brain and eye were collected. quantification of infection in each organ using three different techniques gave approximately the same pattern of infection. infection increased with time. histological observations were made on the sites of infection in each organ. all o ... | 1993 | 8295788 |
| ribosomal dna sequences of encephalitozoon hellem and encephalitozoon cuniculi: species identification and phylogenetic construction. | a segment of ribosomal dna, about 1,350 base pairs long, was amplified from the microsporidian species encephalitozoon hellem, isolated from aids patients, and encephalitozoon cuniculi. the amplified dna segment extends from position 530 in the small ribosomal rna subunit to position 580 in the large ribosomal rna subunit. a comparison of sequence data from this region for encephalitozoon hellem and encephalitozoon cuniculi shows relatively high sequence similarity, supporting the placement of t ... | 1993 | 8389641 |
| nucleotide sequence of the small ribosomal rna of encephalitozoon cuniculi. | 1993 | 8464714 | |
| secondary structure of the small subunit ribosomal rna sequence of the microsporidium encephalitozoon cuniculi. | 1993 | 8464742 | |
| prevalence of encephalitozoon cuniculi antibodies in terrestrial mammals in iceland, 1986 to 1989. | antibodies to encephalitozoon cuniculi were found in wild arctic foxes (alopex lagopus), feral mink (mustela vison), wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus) and house mice (mus musculus) in iceland. animals with antibodies were found throughout the country. no lesions attributable to encephalitozoonosis were found in adult animals necropsied. however, one arctic fox cub with a neurological disorder had pathological and serological evidence of encephalitozoonosis. | 1993 | 8487387 |
| direct abc immunohistochemistry to encephalitozoon cuniculi. | among the sera from 9 rabbits spontaneously infected with encephalitozoon cuniculi, a serum which revealed a high titer for e. cuniculi by indirect protein a-gold (ipag) immunohistochemistry and reacted with the outer layer of the shell of e. cuniculi spores on immunoelectron microscopical examination, was biotinylated. the biotinylated rabbit anti-e. cuniculi igg reacted immunohistochemically with e. cuniculi, but not with other protozoa tested, namely neospora caninum, toxoplasma gondii and sa ... | 1993 | 8513018 |
| the severe combined immunodeficient mouse as a model for encephalitozoon cuniculi microsporidiosis. | microsporidia have been recently recognized as opportunistic pathogens in aids patients. in attempt to develop an animal model with features similar to the infections observed in the immunodeficient patients, the adult severe combined immunodeficient mice (scid) were administered both intraperitoneally and perorally by 2 x 10(7) spores of the murine isolate of e. cuniculi. the experimental inoculation caused a severe, fatal disease characterized by the dissemination of microsporidia into the hos ... | 1993 | 8013928 |
| prophylactic and therapeutic immune reconstitution of scid mice infected with encephalitozoon cuniculi. | severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice develop lethal infections, resembling opportunistic microsporidiosis of immunocompromised patients, after intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculations of spores of encephalitozoon cuniculi. in the present study, scid mice reconstituted i.p. with 5 x 10(7) spleen cells from naive adult balb/c mice 14 days prior to the i.p. injection of 10(7) spores were completely resistant to the infection, whereas control infected scid mice developed clinical disease and died ... | 1993 | 8013929 |
| ribosomal rna sequences of enterocytozoon bieneusi, septata intestinalis and ameson michaelis: phylogenetic construction and structural correspondence. | the microsporidian species enterocytozoon bieneusi, septata intestinalis and ameson michaelis were compared by using sequence data of their rrna gene segments, which were amplified by polymerized chain reaction and directly sequenced. the forward primer 530f (5'-gtgccatccagccgcgg-3') was in the small subunit rrna (ssu-rrna) and the reverse primer 580r (5'-ggtccgtgtttcaagacgg-3') was in the large subunit rrna (lsu-rrna). we have utilized these sequence data, the published data on encephalitozoon ... | 1994 | 8049683 |
| experimental microsporidiosis in immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice and monkeys. | microsporidia cause opportunistic infections in aids patients and commonly infect laboratory animals, as well. euthymic c57b1/6 mice experimentally infected with intraperitoneal injections of 1 x 10(6) encephalitozoon cuniculi levaditi, nicolau et schoen, 1923, encephalitozoon hellem didier et al., 1991, or nosema corneum shadduck et al., 1990 displayed no clinical signs of disease. athymic mice, however, developed ascites and died 8-16 days after inoculation with n. corneum, 21-25 days after in ... | 1994 | 8050748 |
| detection of microsporidia by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. | during a screening for monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the microsporidian encephalitozoon hellem, three murine hybridoma cell lines producing strong enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) reactivities were cloned twice, were designated c12, e9, and e11, and were found to secrete mabs to the immunoglobulin m isotype. on subsequent elisas, the three mabs reacted most strongly to e. hellem, and they reacted somewhat less to encephalitozoon cuniculi and least to nosema corneum, two other microspo ... | 1994 | 8195366 |
| [microsporidioses]. | microsporidia are worldwide ubiquitous intracellular protozoan parasites infecting most major groups of the animal kingdom. in humans, microsporidiosis has recently emerged as a significant cause of morbidity in immunocompromised patients, and particularly in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). parasites of the genus encephalitozoon cause keratoconjunctivitis and disseminated infections. in 15 to 30% of patients with advanced stage aids, enterocytozoon bieneusi is the causat ... | 1994 | 8208694 |
| [natural transmission of microsporidia (encephalitozoon cuniculi) by way of the chicken egg]. | 100 chicken embryos were examined for naturally occurring infections with encephalitozoon cuniculi (e.c.). two embryos were found to be dead, the others were killed at an age of 18 days. samples from the oesophagus, intestine, liver, kidneys, heart and brain were collected and examined by immunohistochemical methods. e.c. was found in about 40% of the embryos. this microsporidian was observed in all organs, particularly, however, in the oesophagus, intestine, brain and heart. the number of e.c. ... | 1994 | 8209364 |
| ifn-gamma and lps induce murine macrophages to kill encephalitozoon cuniculi in vitro. | 1994 | 7804235 | |
| in vitro sensitivity of encephalitozoon cuniculi and e. hellem to albendazole. | 1994 | 7804237 | |
| cryptosporidium and microsporidial beta-tubulin sequences: predictions of benzimidazole sensitivity and phylogeny. | 1994 | 7804238 | |
| in vivo efficacy of albendazole against encephalitozoon cuniculi in scid mice. | 1994 | 7804252 | |
| the in vitro activity of albendazole against encephalitozoon cuniculi. | 1994 | 7804263 | |
| antiprotozoal activities of benzimidazoles and correlations with beta-tubulin sequence. | benzimidazoles have been widely used since the 1960s as anthelmintic agents in veterinary and human medicine and as antifungal agents in agriculture. more recently, selected benzimidazole derivatives were shown to be active in vitro against two protozoan parasites, trichomonas vaginalis and giardia lamblia, and clinical studies with aids patients have suggested that microsporidia are susceptible as well. here, we first present in vitro susceptibility data for t. vaginalis and g. lamblia using an ... | 1994 | 7811023 |
| in vitro model to assess effect of antimicrobial agents on encephalitozoon cuniculi. | we have developed a new micromethod to study the effect of drugs on microsporidia, using mrc5 fibroblasts infected by 10(5) spores of encephalitozoon cuniculi. after 3 days of incubation with various concentrations of drugs, parasitic foci were counted in stained cultures. the inhibition of microsporidial growth exceeding 90% with albendazole (0.005 microgram/ml), fumagillin (0.001 microgram/ml), 5-fluorouracil (3 micrograms/ml), and sparfloxacin (30 micrograms/ml) was observed. chloroquine, pef ... | 1994 | 7840584 |
| utility of microsporidian rrna in diagnosis and phylogeny: a review. | this paper summarizes work done in this laboratory over the last two years on the cloning of microsporidian rrna by homology pcr and its subsequent use in diagnostic tests and phylogenetic studies. using highly conserved primers in the 16s or small subunit rrna (ssu-rrna) these genes were cloned from human intestinal biopsies with transmission electron microscopy proven enterocytozoon bieneusi and septata intestinalis. the ssu-rrna genes were then used to design and test several primer pairs for ... | 1994 | 7927064 |
| [microsporidiosis: a new protozoan disease in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)]. | the list of infections, threatening patients with impaired immunological system, especially infected with hiv, prolongs systematically. since early eighties many authors pay attention to little known type of protozoan: microspora. more and more often new microsporidia species are described as a cause of disease, especially in patients with aids. we present review of literature data concerning species known up to now as pathogenic for man: encephalitozoon cuniculi, encephalitozoon hellem, nosema ... | 1994 | 7597182 |
| encephalitozoon cuniculi isolated from the urine of an aids patient, which differs from canine and murine isolates. | a species of encephalitozoon has been isolated from the urine of a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and maintained in vitro in madin darby canine kidney cells. when examined by random amplified polymorphic dna polymerase chain reaction the new isolate was found to differ from e. hellem and to have amplified products in common with murine and canine e. cuniculi. however, it more closely resembled the canine than the murine isolate. sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel elec ... | 1995 | 7620460 |
| identification of microsporidia in stool specimens by using pcr and restriction endonucleases. | we report the development of a pcr-based assay for the detection of microsporidia in clinical specimens. a single primer pair complementary to conserved sequences of the small-subunit rrna enabled amplification of dna from the four major microsporidian pathogens of humans: encephalitozoon cuniculi, encephalitozoon hellem, enterocytozoon bieneusi, and septata intestinalis. the extraction method allowed pcr amplification of e. bieneusi and s. intestinalis dna from sodium hypochlorite-treated stool ... | 1995 | 7665639 |
| genetic and immunological characterization of the microsporidian septata intestinalis cali, kotler and orenstein, 1993: reclassification to encephalitozoon intestinalis. | the relationships between the encephalitozoon-like septata intestinalis and other microsporidia that occur in humans; notably encephalitozoon cuniculi and encephalitozoon hellem, is insufficiently documented using morphological descriptions alone. to assess mutual relationships, we have examined other phenotypic as well as genetic aspects of s. intestinalis, obtained both from tissue culture and clinical specimens, in comparison with a number of other microsporidia. phenotypic characterization w ... | 1995 | 7724235 |
| polymerase chain reaction and culture confirmation of disseminated encephalitozoon cuniculi in a patient with aids: successful therapy with albendazole. | infections due to microsporidia are being recognized increasingly, especially in aids patients. a patient with disseminated microsporidiosis with advanced renal failure due to encephalitozoon cuniculi (confirmed by culture and polymerase chain reaction [pcr]) is described. the organism from urine and sputum was characterized by culture, weber's chromotrope-based staining, transmission electron microscopy, and indirect immunofluorescence (iif) tests. pcr was done on dna extracted from the infecte ... | 1995 | 7751721 |
| in vitro culture and serologic and molecular identification of septata intestinalis isolated from urine of a patient with aids. | microsporidian spores were identified, on the basis of weber's staining, in urine, stool, nasal, and saliva samples of an aids patient with diarrhea, hematuria, dysuria, and dementia. urine and stool samples contained numerous spores, whereas few spores were seen in the nasal and saliva samples. spores were concentrated from urine samples and inoculated into monkey kidney cell (e6) monolayers. after 6 to 8 weeks of culture, infected e6 cells filled with spores as well as spores free in the cultu ... | 1995 | 7790463 |
| susceptibility of encephalitozoon cuniculi to several drugs in vitro. | in the light of the increased incidence of human encephalitozoon infections and the absence of an established treatment protocol, a simple in vitro testing method to compare activities of drugs against encephalitozoon cuniculi was developed. with this in vitro method, the 50% inhibitory concentrations of fumagillin, thiabendazole, albendazole, oxibendazole, and propamidine isethionate for e. cuniculi in rabbit kidney cells were determined. itraconazole, toltrazuril, metronidazole, ronidazole, an ... | 1995 | 7574513 |
| encephalitozoon-like organisms in patients with alveolar hydatid disease: cell culture, ultrastructure, histoimmunochemical localization and seroprevalence. | we found encephalitozoon-like organisms in an in vitro culture of a human liver lesion which was due to larval echinococcus multilocularis. the organisms developed in the same fashion as an encephalitozoon cuniculi. the spores that developed in parasitophorous vacuoles were 2.0-2.6 x 1.1-1.5 microns; each contained a single nucleus and 4-5 polar tubule coils, closely resembling e. cuniculi in its ultrastructure. mature spores were collected from the supernatants by the use of percoll centrifugat ... | 1995 | 7581327 |
| primers designed for amplification of echinococcus multilocularis dna amplify the dna of encephalitozoon-like spores in the polymerase chain reaction. | microsporidian spores were developed from cells which were grown in vitro from a human liver lesion which was due to larval echinococcus multilocularis. the microsporidian spores developed in the same fashion as an encephalitozoon cuniculi. the encephalitozoon-like spores were completely separated on percoll gradients. the separated spores contained dna capable of amplification by two different primer sets designed for the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) of e. multilocularis dna. however, the ce ... | 1995 | 7581328 |
| small subunit ribosomal dna phylogeny of various microsporidia with emphasis on aids related forms. | phylogenetic analysis of the small subunit ribosomal dna of a broad range of representative microsporidia including five species from humans (enterocytozoon bieneusi, nosema corneum, septata intestinalis, encephalitozoon hellem and encephalitozoon cuniculi), reveals that human microsporidia are polyphyletic in origin. septata intestinalis and e. hellem are very similar to the mammalian parasite e. cuniculi. based on the results of our phylogenetic analysis, we suggest that s. intestinalis be des ... | 1995 | 7581329 |
| detection of microsporidia (enterocytozoon bieneusi) in intestinal biopsy specimens from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients by pcr. | intestinal microsporidiosis has been implicated as a major cause of chronic diarrhea in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients. so far diagnosis depends on direct visualization of the parasites by light and transmission electron microscopy. we evaluated the diagnostic value of microsporidian dna amplification by pcr on duodenal biopsy specimens obtained from patients with and without intestinal microsporidiosis caused by enterocytozoon bieneusi. thirteen hiv-infected patients (all ... | 1995 | 7494017 |
| reactive nitrogen intermediates implicated in the inhibition of encephalitozoon cuniculi (phylum microspora) replication in murine peritoneal macrophages. | encephalitozoon cuniculi (phylum microspora) is a protozoan parasite that can replicate within parasitophorous vacuoles in macrophages. thioglycollate-elicited balb/c peritoneal macrophages treated with murine recombinant interferon-gamma (rifn-gamma; 100 7/ml) in combination with lipopolysaccharide (lps; 10 ng/ml) for 24 h killed e. cuniculi as determined by significant reductions in the number of parasites and percent of infected macrophages 48 h later compared with cultures treated with mediu ... | 1995 | 7501421 |
| opportunistic and non-opportunistic parasites in hiv-positive and negative patients with diarrhoea in tanzania. | a survey on intestinal parasites in a rural area of tanzania revealed the presence of eight protozoa and seven helminths in 287 subjects (81.8%). the prevalence of entamoeba histolytica and ascaris lumbricoides was higher in hiv-negative than in hiv-positive patients (p < 0.01; p < 0.04) (25.1% and 12.5% for e. histolytica; 10.5% and 3.7% for a. lumbricoides). on the other hand, cryptosporidium parvum, isospora belli and strongyloides stercoralis prevalence was higher in hiv-positive than in hiv ... | 1995 | 8525281 |
| tissue diagnosis of intestinal microsporidiosis using a fluorescent stain with uvitex 2b. | to detect intestinal microsporidiosis in paraffin wax embedded biopsy specimens using a fluorescence technique incorporating optical brighteners. | 1995 | 8543621 |
| microsporidiosis as an aids-related opportunistic infection. | the clinical manifestations of aids-related microsporidiosis range from mild or asymptomatic infections to debilitating illness involving the gastrointestinal, respiratory, or urogenital tracts or the eyes. intestinobiliary infections with enterocytozoon bieneusi are the most common microsporidial diseases, but disseminated infections with encephalitozoon hellem, encephalitozoon cuniculi, and septata intestinalis are being increasingly recognized. the isolation of infective microsporidial spores ... | 1995 | 8547514 |
| evidence for the smallest nuclear genome (2.9 mb) in the microsporidium encephalitozoon cuniculi. | 1995 | 8719165 | |
| immunologically confirmed disseminated, asymptomatic encephalitozoon cuniculi infection of the gastrointestinal tract in a patient with aids. | microsporidia are obligate intracellular protozoan parasites that infect a broad range of vertebrates and invertebrates. they are increasingly recognized as human pathogens, especially in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). organisms of the genus encephalitozoon have been implicated as a major cause of disseminated microsporidian infections in persons with aids. until recently, e. hellem was the only encephalitozoon species confirmed by antigenic or nucleic acid methods to ... | 1995 | 8749639 |
| septata intestinalis and encephalitozoon cuniculi: cross-reactivity between two microsporidian species. | an infection with septata intestinalis was diagnosed in a 35-year-old aids patient without diarrhoea. the diagnosis was based on morphological examinations of a duodenal biopsy specimen. serum antibodies were detected reacting with spores of encephalitozoon cuniculi. spores of s. intestinalis and e. cuniculi stained with brown hopps gram stain showed a red colour (gram negative) and not a blue/black colour which was described for microsporidian spores in tissue. | 1995 | 8774772 |
| identification and characterization of three encephalitozoon cuniculi strains. | microsporidia are increasingly recognized as causing opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals. encephalitozoon cuniculi is probably the most studied mammalian microsporidian that infects insects and mammals, including man. in this study, 8 e. cuniculi isolates were compared and were found to fall into 3 strains. strain type i includes the rabbit type isolate, as well as isolates from an additional rabbit, a dwarf rabbit, and a mouse. strain type ii includes 2 murine isolates and ... | 1995 | 11023405 |
| human microsporidiosis: clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of an increasing infection. | human microsporidiosis is a parasitic infection due to species of four different genera: encephalitozoon; enterocytozoon; nosema; and pleistophora. although well known as a cause of disease in animals, microsporidiosis was only occasionally reported in humans. recently, in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients, microsporidia belonging to encephalitozoon and enterocytozoon species have proved to be important opportunistic pathogens. enterocytozoon bieneusi is associated with chroni ... | 1995 | 11866734 |
| diagnosis of disseminated microsporidian encephalitozoon hellem infection by pcr-southern analysis and successful treatment with albendazole and fumagillin. | a 37-year old aids patient presented with foreign body sensation. microsporidia were detected in smears from a conjunctival swab and urine sediment stained with calcofluor and a modified trichrome blue stain and by indirect fluorescent-antibody staining with murine polyclonal antiserum raised against encephalitozoon hellem. this antiserum cross-reacted with other encephalitozoon species, so pcr was performed to amplify the microsporidian ribosomal dna (rdna) with pan-encephalitozoon primers. the ... | 1996 | 8815114 |
| molecular epidemiology of encephalitozoon cuniculi and first detection of enterocytozoon bieneusi in faecal samples of pigs. | 1996 | 8822883 | |
| polyamine metabolism as a therapeutic target for microsporidia. | 1996 | 8822885 | |
| chromosomal localization of five genes in encephalitozoon cuniculi (microsporidia). | 1996 | 8822886 | |
| purification and characterization of human microsporidian polar tube proteins. | 1996 | 8822888 | |
| identification of sporal proteins in two microsporidian species: an immunoblotting and immunocytochemical study. | 1996 | 8822889 | |
| identification of microsporidia causing human disease. | 1996 | 8822891 | |
| immunologic and molecular characteristics of encephalitozoon-like microsporidia isolated from humans and rabbits indicate that encephalitozoon cuniculi is a zoonotic parasite. | to assess the zoonotic potential of encephalitozoon-like microsporidia, we isolated and cultivated spores from specimens of urine, respiratory secretions, and stool from six patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus and from nine rabbits. because spores of encephalitozoon-like species are indistinguishable by microscopy, we characterized the isolates by western blot analysis and by restriction enzyme analysis of the small subunit (ssu) rdna after amplification by the polymerase chain r ... | 1996 | 8852978 |
| a microsporidian isolated from an aids patient corresponds to encephalitozoon cuniculi iii, originally isolated from domestic dogs. | the ribosomal dna internal transcribed spacer (its) region of a recently cultured human encephalitozoon cuniculi isolate was analyzed by gene amplification and dna sequencing. restriction endonuclease digestion (foki) and double-stranded dna heteroduplex mobility shift analysis were performed to determine their utility for strain differentiation. the human e. cuniculi isolate was identical to e. cuniculi iii, which had been isolated only from domestic dogs until now. the patient providing the is ... | 1996 | 8897194 |
| isolates of encephalitozoon cuniculi from farmed blue foxes (alopex lagopus) from norway differ from isolates from swiss domestic rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus). | encephalitozoon cuniculi has a wide host range among mammals, but whether it represents a homogeneous species is a subject of controversy. we have isolated, cultivated (in human mrc-5 cells) and, for the first time, characterized by immunological and molecular biological methods four isolates of e. cuniculi from norwegian blue foxes with a history of encephalitozoonosis. the isolates were compared with nine isolates from domestic rabbits from switzerland. two e. cuniculi subtypes were identified ... | 1996 | 8897508 |
| diagnostic exercise: granulomatous encephalitis in guinea pigs. | 1996 | 8723244 | |
| [diagnosis of 4 cases of intestinal microsporidiosis in aids patients]. | most of the latest clinical and epidemiologic studies indicate that microsporidiosis and above all enterocytozoon bieneusi cause approximately 7-50% of otherwise unexplained diarrhea in hiv-infected patients. four cases of intestinal microsporidiosis in aids-patients are reported. | 1996 | 9035709 |
| characterization of encephalitozoon (septata) intestinalis isolates cultured from nasal mucosa and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of two aids patients. | microsporidia are obligate intracellular protozoan parasites that can cause opportunistic infections in aids patients. species from five genera of microsporidia are presently known to infect man. one species, septata intestinalis originally was detected in stool specimens of individuals with chronic diarrhea and subsequently was found to disseminate to the kidneys, lungs, and nasal sinuses. this organism has since been reclassified as encephalitozoon and in this study, we report the culture of e ... | 1996 | 8563708 |
| genetic evidence for latent septata intestinalis infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with intestinal microsporidiosis. | sequence data of the small subunit rrna (ssu-rrna) gene were used to identify septata intestinalis in biopsies of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), southern blot hybridization, cloning, and comparative genetic sequencing. dna products of correct size could be amplified from all examined tissues with s. intestinalis infection but also from 2 biopsies with enterocytozoon bieneusi and from 1 biopsy with encephalitozoon cuniculi infection. southern bl ... | 1996 | 8603948 |
| nucleotide sequences of dna fragments of encephalitozoon cuniculi amplified by polymerase chain reaction with primers regarded as specific for echinococcus. | encephalitozoon-like spores were separated from a human echinococcal liver lesion, which was caused by echinococcus multilocularis. they were found to fall into the species encephalitozoon cuniculi, which was shown to have en. cuniculi-specific dna by way of polymerase chain reaction (pcr). we also used pcr to genetically discriminate between the en. cuniculi spores and the ec. multilocularis larvae. two primer sets, known to be specific for echinococcus, were examined. these primers were expect ... | 1996 | 8640191 |
| direct amplification and species determination of microsporidian dna from stool specimens. | microsporidia are recognized as a major aetiological agent in chronic diarrhoea of immunocompromised patients. their detection by light microscopy is hampered by the small size of the spores. a simple and rapid dna extraction method has been developed for the detection of microsporidian dna by pcr directly from stool specimens. it can be performed at room temperature in a 1.5-ml microcentrifuge tube format in less than 1 hour. the subsequent nested polymerase chain reaction permits the detection ... | 1996 | 8673842 |