Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [study of several flagellata in connection with their structural function and other properties. i. electron microscopic study of the ultrastructure of trypanosoma equiperdum]. | 1969 | 5398241 | |
| [macroglobulinemia in the horse during experimental infection due to trypanosoma equiperdum]. | 1969 | 4983180 | |
| dihydrofolate reductase from trypanosoma equiperdum. ii. inhibition by 2,4-diaminopyrimidines and related heterocycles. | 1969 | 5793158 | |
| purification and properties of purified hexokinase from the african trypanosomes and trypanosoma equiperdum. | 1969 | 5806197 | |
| [study of trypanosoma equiperdum with the electron microscope after action of homologous antibodies labeled with ferritin]. | 1969 | 4238899 | |
| [activity of nifurmazole (cb 10,615) on trypanosoma equiperdum, schizotrypanum cruzi and trypanosoma gambiense]. | 1970 | 4987585 | |
| growth curves of trypanosoma equiperdum in rats treated with endotoxin of serratia marcescens. | 1970 | 4906547 | |
| estimation of endotoxin-induced increase in resistance by means of trypanosoma equiperdum growth curves. | 1970 | 4935610 | |
| utilization of a trypanosoma equiperdum test in studies on the radioprotective action of endotoxin. | 1971 | 5569876 | |
| [attempt at correlation between the evolution of a disease by trypanosoma equiperdum and the action of a pulsed and modulated electromagnetic wave]. | 1971 | 4994970 | |
| effect of serum from endotoxin-treated rats on isolated trypanosoma equiperdum. | 1971 | 5113385 | |
| [development of trypanosoma equiperdum inoculated into the mouse embryo]. | 1971 | 5145004 | |
| [flagellates, their structure, function and other properties. v. cytochemical studies of trypanosoma equiperdum and leishmania donovani]. | 1971 | 5152994 | |
| [morphological changes in trypanosoma equiperdum due to crystallomycin]. | 1972 | 4658004 | |
| electron microscope investigations of the structure of some specimens of the trypanosomidae family in connection with their ability to occur in the dyskinetoplastic state. trypanosoma equiperdum. | 1973 | 4727317 | |
| specificity of carbohydrate transport in trypanosoma equiperdum. | 1974 | 4826711 | |
| specificity of amino acid transport in trypanosoma equiperdum. | 1974 | 4838483 | |
| pathogenesis of trypanosoma equiperdum in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus). | 1974 | 4210290 | |
| [multiplication of trypanosoma equiperdum in a diffusion chamber implanted in the mouse]. | the multiplication of the trypanosomes in a "diffusion chamber" is great during the first 4 or 5 days following implantation. the reduction in numbers of parasites on the following days depends largely on the humoral antibodies resulting from the immune response. | 1975 | 810259 |
| pathogenesis of trypanosoma equiperdum in rabbits. | seventeen rabbits experimentally infected with trypanosoma equiperdum were examined for lesions at different times during a 5-month period. a chancroid developed at the inoculation site in the skin, and later, similar lesions appeared in skin of the ears, eyelids, and nose. the inflammatory reaction was primarily granulomatous, and viable trypanosomes were present in all skin lesions. the rabbits had reticuloendothelial hyperplasia of spleen and lymph nodes. in 3 rabbits, there was amyloid depos ... | 1975 | 1092229 |
| [treatment and prevention of dourine in horses]. | 1975 | 1216541 | |
| enodotoxin-induced non-specific resistance to trypanosoma equiperdum in neonatally thymectomized or splenectomized wistar rats. | 1975 | 1228266 | |
| demonstration of kinetoplast dna in dyskinetoplastic strains of trypanosoma equiperdum. | 4,6 diamidino-2-phenylindole (dapi) forma a highly fluorescent complex with dna which allows detection of mitochondrial dna (k-dna) in normal and dyskinetoplastic strains of trypanosoma equiperdum. the k-dna dapi complexes in the dyskinetoplastic cells, cells lacking detactable k-dna by other cytochemical methods, are not restricted to a single region of the organism as in the normal strain, but are seen as a row of particles. these observations support the hypothesis that the k-dna is retained ... | 1976 | 1251198 |
| the prevalence of dourine in southern africa. | the geographical distribution of positive dourine cases found on serological testing at onderstepoort during the period 1954 to 1975 is recorded, showing major foci of infection occurring in the northern cape province, northern orange free state, western and north-western transvaal. positive cases are also recorded from south west africa, botswana, lesotho, swaziland and rhodesia. | 1976 | 940101 |
| dourine in swaziland. | 1976 | 994141 | |
| observations on the transmission, immunology, clinical signs and chemotherapy of dourine (trypanosoma equiperdum infection) in horses, with special reference to cerebro-spinal fluid. | this paper is a record of observations on the transmission and clinical signs of dourine in naturally infected cases of known duration, and of temporal and quantitative aspects of the immune response in blood and cerebro-spinal fluid. included in the record are observations on the presence of trypanosoma equiperdum parasites in these body fluids and methods for their detection. there is evidence that the occurrence of nervous symptoms and lesions in infected horses is associated with the presenc ... | 1976 | 1018890 |
| experimental intraspinal trypanosoma equiperdum infection in a horse. | to establish the ability of trypanosoma equiperdum to cross the blood-brain-barrier in the horse, a susceptible stallion was infected via the cerebrospinal fluid of the subarachnoid space by lumbosacral puncture. cerebrospinal fluid with low detectable levels of trypanosomes removed from a dourine-infected mare by lumbosacral puncture was used for infecting the animal. the parasite was detected in blood smears of the recipient 13 days after infection and the subsequent parasitaemia and clinical ... | 1976 | 1023092 |
| the effect of urethane (ethylcarbamate) on the reproduction of trypanosoma equiperdum. | 1976 | 1031250 | |
| [absence of transplacental passage in congenital trypanosomiasis in mice with trypanosoma equiperdum. comparison with results obtained in congenital malaria (p.b. berghei) in the same animal]. | 1976 | 797328 | |
| endotoxin-induced non-specific resistance in rats examined by trypanosoma equiperdum challenge. | in rats weighing 100 g, intravenously administered trypanosoma equiperdum organisms started logarithmic growth immediately, whereas in rats weighing 150-300 g growth started after a lag phase of 0.7-3.1 hr. the lag phase lasted for 15-17 hr when the rats were pretreated serially with endotoxins and this time course was not modified by changes either in the host's body weight or in the germ count of the inocula. maximum resistance to infection was achieved with gradual doses of the endotoxin give ... | 1976 | 798472 |
| [affinity of concanavalin a for "trypanosoma equiperdum": purification of the antigenic type specific glycoprotein fraction (author's transl)]. | binding of concanavalin a by different clones of trypanosoma equiperdum was checked by its ability to agglutinate living trypanosomes. the clones differ by their agglutinability, showing differences in the distribution of the binding sites. however, the property of concanavalin a to form precipitates with the crude antigen preparations of all the clones studied, allowed to isolate by affinity chromatography the glycoprotein fraction responsible for the antigenic variation and to enter upon its p ... | 1976 | 62551 |
| [trypanosoma equiperdum: antigenic variations in experimental trypanosomiasis of rabbits]. | 1977 | 67961 | |
| [experimental trypanosomiasis in rabbits infected by trypanosoma equiperdum: some aspects of immune response and coagulation disorders (author's transl)]. | some aspects of immune response and coagulation disorders are investigated on rabbits infected by two strains of trypanosoma (trypanozoon) equiperdum giving diseases with different clinical expression. the study of antibodies to trypanosomes emphasizes the high immunogenicity of specific antigenic type glycoprotein, antigenicity of which seems to inhibit common antigens expression. significant increase of anti-fibrinogen antibodies is discussed in relation with the presence of autoantibodies fre ... | 1977 | 72517 |
| immunosuppression in deer mice with experimentally induced trypanosomiasis. | light and electron microscopic examinations of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) chronically infected with trypanosoma equiperdum revealed hyperplasia of germinal center lymphocytes (germanocytes) in the lymph follicles of spleen and lymph nodes and infiltration of the splenic red pulp cords and nodal medullary cords with plasma cells. proliferation and infiltration of plasma cells caused disruption of the b- and t-lymphocyte areas in these organs. stimulation of splenic lymphocytes in vitro by ... | 1977 | 327872 |
| meningoencephalitis in trypanosoma equiperdum infection of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus). | 1977 | 838897 | |
| lectin binding by trypanosoma equiperdum. | agglutination studies with 6 plant lectins indicated that the unaltered surface coat of trypanosoma equiperdum isolated from rat blood lacks the carbohydrate molecules preferentially bound by these proteins. however, trypsin, pronase, chymopapain, or papain treatments exposed the binding sites for concanavalin a and the phytohemagglutinins m and p and trypsinized cells were attached to concanavalin a immobilized on agarose beads. lipolytic, amylytic, and other proteolytic enzymes or other agents ... | 1977 | 845743 |
| carbohydrate effects of amino acid transport by trypanosoma equiperdum. | uptake of 14c-labeled alanine, glutamate, lysine, methionine, proline, and phenylalanine by trypanosoma equiperdum during 2-minute incubations occurred by diffusion and membrane-mediated processes. amino acid metabolism was not detected by paper chromatography of trypanosome extracts. most of 18 carbohydrates tested for ability to alter amino acid transport neither changed nor significantly inhibited transport. glucose, however, stimulated glutamate, lysine and proline transport; fructose stimul ... | 1977 | 881658 |
| cytofluorograf detection of plasmodium yoelii, trypanosoma gambiense, and trypanosoma equiperdum by laser excited fluorescence of stained rodent blood. | samples of rat blood infected with plasmodium yoelii (3% parasitized erythrocytes), trypanosoma gambiense, or trypanosoma equiperdum (greater than 50 trypanosomes per microscope field at 400 x) were fixed with 0.5% glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffered saline, then stained with acridine orange (ao) at 10(-4), 10(-5), or 10(-6) m for 0 to 15 min at 5 c or 25 c and/or ethidium bromide (eb) at 0.05 mg/ml for 20 min at 25 c. stained cells were analyzed with a laser cytofluorograf (bio/physics systems ... | 1977 | 886402 |
| autoimmunity and absence of rheumatoid factors in experimental trypanosoma (trypanozoon) equiperdum infections in the rabbit. | the serum levels of igm and igg have been shown to increase approximately 7 to 10 times during the development of trupanosoma equiperdum infection in the rabbit. after separation of the 7 s and 19 s fractions by density gradient centrifugation, both fractions were found by complement fixation tests to contain anti-trypanosome antibodies. the 19 s fraction also contained autoantibodies reacting with tissue antigens of rabbit liver, kidney and heart. results of passive haemagglutination and latex ... | 1977 | 900894 |
| chemical and immunological characterization of specific glycoproteins from trypanosoma equiperdum variants. | 1977 | 913583 | |
| [trypanosoma equiperdum: multiplication in diffusion chambers implanted in the mouse]. | 1977 | 578135 | |
| isolation and characterization of circular dna molecules heterogeneous in size from a dyskinetoplastic strain of trypanosoma equiperdum. | 1977 | 603644 | |
| [isolation of trypanosoma equiperdum from horses]. | 1978 | 726228 | |
| trypanosoma equiperdum: active immunization of rabbits with actinomycin d-inactivated parasites. | 1978 | 729703 | |
| [importance of immunological mechanism in the curing of experimental trypanosomiasis by physical stimulation]. | the cure of trypanosoma equiperdum infected mice obtained after treatment with an association of electromagnetic waves and a magnetic field is probably linked with the immune state of the host. a severe depression of the immune system suppresses the ability of the animals to eliminate the parasites after physical stimulation. | 1978 | 97013 |
| isolation and characterization of kinetoplast dna from bloodstream form of trypanosoma brucei. | we have used restriction endonucleases psti, ecori, hapii, hhai, and s1 nuclease to demonstrate the presence of a large complex component, the maxi-circle, in addition to the major mini-circle component in kinetoplast dna (kdna) networks of trypanosoma brucei (east african trypanosomiasis research organization [eatro] 427). endonuclease psti and s1 nuclease cut the maxi-circle at a single site, allowing its isolation in a linear form with a mol wt of 12.2 x 10(6), determined by electron microsco ... | 1978 | 10605439 |
| kinetoplast dna from normal and dyskinetoplastic strains of trypanosoma equiperdum. | isolated kinetoplast dna (kdna) from a normal kinetoplastic strain of trypanosoma equiperdum exists as a high molecular weight, covalently closed network composed of catenated minicircles and maxicircles. analytical cesium chloride ultracentrifugation shows the kdna (rho = 1.692 g/cm3) to be retained in normal amounts and of normal base composition in two dyskinetoplastic strains of t. equiperdum. kinetoplast dna isolated from these mutant cells by cscl-dapi (4,6diamino-2-phenylindole) equilibri ... | 1979 | 420845 |
| dyskinetoplasty in two species of trypanosomatids. | dyskinetoplastic cells from both crithidia fasciculata and trypanosoma equiperdum lack detectable kinetoplast dna (kdna) by conventional staining techniques. two dyskinetoplastic strains of t. equiperdum, either acriflavine-induced or spontaneously occurring, show normal amounts of kdna (p = 1.692 g/cm3) in analytical caesium chloride, ultracentrifugation. electron and fluorescence microscopy of the dyskinetoplastic strains of t. equiperdum suggest that the kdna network is fragmented and dispers ... | 1979 | 422672 |
| characterization of the molecular components in kinetoplast-mitochondrial dna of trypanosoma equiperdum. comparative study of the dyskinetoplastic and wild strains. | the structure of the kinetoplast dna of trypanosoma equiperdum has been studied and compared to the structure of the circular mitochondrial dna extracted from a dyskinetoplastic strain of t. equiperdum. in t. equiperdum wild type, the kinetoplast dna constitutes approximately 6% of the total cellular dna and is composed of approximately 3,000 supercoiled minicircles of 6.4 x 10(5) daltons and approximately 50 circular supercoiled molecules of 15.4 x 10(6) daltons topologically interlocked; the b ... | 1979 | 479299 |
| effect of low molecular weight interferon inducers on trypanosoma equiperdum infection of mice. | 1979 | 496467 | |
| restriction cleavage map of kinetoplast dna minicircles from trypanosoma equiperdum. | 1979 | 508309 | |
| type i interferon induced in mice by infection with trypanosoma equiperdum. | type ii interferon is known to be produced in mice infected with trypanosoma cruzi. therefore, interferon production was investigated in mice infected with trypanosoma equiperdum. interferon was found in the sera of mice infected with t. equiperdum from day 1 after infection until death on day 5. the maximal level of interferon appeared before parasitemia was detected, a finding showing that the endogenous interferon probably had no significant influence on the course of infection. unexpectedly, ... | 1979 | 35574 |
| the kinetoplast dna of trypanosoma equiperdum. | we have analyzed the kinetoplast dna for trypanosoma equiperdum (american type culture collection 30019) and two dyskinetoplastic strains derived from it. the dna networks from the kinetoplastic strain are made up of catenated mini-circles and maxi-circles, like the networks from the closely-related trypanosoma brucei. the mini-circles of t. equiperdum lack the pronounced sequence heterogeneity of t. brucei mini-circles, as shown by the fragment distribution of restriction digests and by the pre ... | 1980 | 6249368 |
| anti-immunoglobulins and heterophil agglutinins in experimental trypanosomiasis. | rheumatoid factor (rf)-like substances and heterophil agglutinins (ha) were induced in rabbits by infection with a strain of trypanosoma equiperdum. infection with a t. gambiense strain produced ha, but no rf. rfs appeared usually before immunoglobulin g (igg) levels started to increase. they disappeared spontaneously after 4 to 6 weeks. ha were of the igm class, appeared within 1 to 2 weeks after infection, and usually remained at high levels afterwards. they could not be absorbed out with lyop ... | 1980 | 6967452 |
| dourine and the downer mare. | 1980 | 7265092 | |
| complete loss of kinetoplast dna sequences induced by ethidium bromide or by acriflavine in trypanosoma equiperdum. | a fully kinetoplastic strain of an antigenic variant of trypanosoma equiperdum has been made dyskinetoplastic by successive treatments of infected rats with ethidium bromide or acriflavine. after seven passages in the absence of the dye, the loss of kinetoplast dna (kdna) is stable and complete as shown by analytical ultracentrifugation, cscl-dye gradients, and the reassociation kinetics of in vitro-labeled kdna. moreover, these trypanosomes exhibit the same infectivity as the wild type. these r ... | 1980 | 7372629 |
| trypanosoma equiperdum: movement from the dermis. | 1980 | 7428909 | |
| berenil induces the complete loss of kinetoblast dna sequences in trypanosoma equiperdum. | 1980 | 7437039 | |
| absence of kinetoplast dna in a late antigenic variant of trypanosoma equiperdum. | we have analysed by several biochemical techniques the dna components of two antigenic variants isolated from trypanosoma equiperdum. we did not observe any kinetoplast dna (kdna) structures or networks in the late antigen variant botat 28. furthermore, the results of reassociation kinetics of in vitro labelled kdna show that neither kdna minicircle sequences nor kdna maxicircle sequences of botat 1, the basic antigen type, can be detected in the total dna of botat 28. | 1980 | 7442712 |
| epidemiology of dourine in the equine population of the abruzzi region. | 1980 | 7468001 | |
| comparison of various tests for the serological diagnosis of trypanosoma equiperdum infection in the horse. | 1981 | 7037279 | |
| [anti-double strand dna antibodies and antinuclear antibodies in sle. i. a new method for determination of anti-double strand dna antibodies: trypanosoma equiperdum immunofluorescent method (author's transl)]. | 1981 | 6458398 | |
| a new method for determination of anti-double strand dna antibodies: trypanosoma equiperdum immunofluorescent method. | 1981 | 6793320 | |
| complete nucleotide sequence of minicircle kinetoplast dna from trypanosoma equiperdum. | the kinetoplast dna of trypanosoma equiperdum is composed of about 3000 supercoiled minicircles of 1000 base pairs and about 50 supercoiled maxicircles of 23,000 base pairs topologically interlocked so as to form a compact network. minicircles of t. equiperdum, which are homogeneous in base sequence, were purified by equilibrium cscl centrifugation and used as starting material for dna sequence analysis. one minicircle is composed of 1012 base pairs and has an adenine.thymine base pair content o ... | 1981 | 6267582 |
| the kinetoplast of dna of trypanosoma gambiense: comparison with the kdna of trypanosoma equiperdum. | the molecular components of the kinetoplast dna (kdna) network of trypanosoma gambiense have been studied and compared with those of the very closely related species t. equiperdum, previously studied in detail. the kdna of t. gambiense contains about 80 maxicircles of 20 kilobase pairs and 4000 minicircles of 1 kilobase pairs. the restriction cleavage sites of 7 restriction endonucleases have been mapped on the t. gambiense maxicircle. the majority of these sites were also found in t. equiperdum ... | 1981 | 6272877 |
| variant specific glycoproteins of trypanosoma equiperdum: cross reacting determinants and chemical studies. | 1981 | 6165364 | |
| the variable surface glycoproteins of trypanosoma equiperdum are phosphorylated. | the phosphoproteins from three trypanosoma equiperdum variants were studied by labelling the parasites in vivo with 32p. phosphoprotein analysis reveals the presence of a 58 000 mol. wt. phosphoprotein ( pp58 ) which is absent when live trypanosomes are pre-treated with proteinase k under conditions where only the surface coat containing the variable surface glycoprotein (vsg) is removed. immunological and fingerprint analysis on labelled pp58 , purified from these variants by affinity chromatog ... | 1982 | 6821334 |
| the effect of trypanosoma equiperdum on the lesions of experimental influenza virus pneumonia. | 1982 | 7085937 | |
| variant specific surface antigens from trypanosoma equiperdum: chemical and physical studies. | nine variant specific surface antigens were purified from clones of trypanosoma equiperdum and characterized by amino acid analysis, isoelectric focusing and circular dichroism. the molecules showed extensive differences in their isoelectric points, and by comparison with the corresponding amino acid compositions, this variation seemed to be due to different amide contents. circular dichroism data allowed one to divide the molecules into 4 groups according to their respective percentages in alph ... | 1983 | 6838532 |
| dna rearrangements and antigenic variation in trypanosoma equiperdum: multiple expression-linked sites in independent isolates of trypanosomes expressing the same antigen. | african trypanosomes resist the immune response of their mammalian hosts by varying the surface glycoprotein which constitutes their antigenic identity. the molecular mechanism of this antigenic variation involves the successive activation of a series of genes which code for different variant surface glycoproteins (vsgs). we have studied the expression of two vsg genes (those of vsg-1 and vsg-28) in trypanosoma equiperdum, and we report the following findings. (i) the expression of both vsg gene ... | 1983 | 6843549 |
| partial determination of the primary structure of a variant surface glycoprotein from trypanosoma equiperdum. composition and location of a carbohydrate moiety. | salivarian trypanosomes have the ability to evade the immune response of their hosts by the sequential expression of different cell surface glycoproteins. among the isolated specific antigens from cloned variants of trypanosoma equiperdum, a structural study was undertaken on two immunologically cross-reacting variant surface glycoproteins, and results concerning the basic antigenic type are reported. the glycoprotein was cleaved by cyanogen bromide, and amino acids of several purified fractions ... | 1983 | 6877278 |
| presence of glycerol and fatty acids in the c-terminal end of a variant surface glycoprotein from trypanosoma equiperdum. | the composition of the c-terminal end of a variant surface glycoprotein from trypanosoma equiperdum (botat-1 vsg) has been examined. it has been reported for two trypanosoma brucei vsgs (holder, a.a., biochem. j. (1983), 209, 261-262) that ethanolamine was involved in binding the c-terminal amino acid to an oligosaccharide side chain. tryptic glycopeptides were prepared from botat-1 vsg and analyzed. one of them was found to contain ethanolamine and consequently was assumed to be c-terminal. it ... | 1983 | 6882418 |
| dna rearrangements and antigenic variation in trypanosoma equiperdum: expression-independent dna rearrangements in the basic copy of a variant surface glycoprotein gene. | antigenic variation in trypanosoma equiperdum is associated with the sequential expression of variant surface glycoprotein (vsg) genes in a process which involves gene duplication and transposition events. in this paper we present evidence that the genomic environment of the vsg-1 basic copy gene, the template for duplicated, expression-linked vsg-1 genes, differs in every trypanosome clone examined. this variation is thus independent of the expression of the vsg-1 gene, and it also appears to b ... | 1983 | 6302473 |
| genomic environment of variant surface antigen genes of trypanosoma equiperdum. | expression of variant antigen genes in trypanosoma equiperdum is accompanied by the duplication of a silent basic copy gene and the transposition of the copy to an expression site elsewhere in the genome. we have analyzed the genomic locations of both the basic and expression-linked copies of the t. equiperdum gene for variable surface glycoprotein vsg-1. both copies are situated proximal to termini in both extracted dna and in chromatin. the regions between the vsg-1 genes and the termini have ... | 1983 | 6308614 |
| use of trypanosoma equiperdum infected rabbits as a source of splenic mrna; construction of cdna clones and identification of a rabbit mu heavy chain clone. | rabbits were infected by trypanosoma equiperdum and the splenic mrna was isolated. in vitro translation of this rna and immunoprecipitation with anti-light chain, anti-heavy chain, anti-mu and anti-vh antibodies demonstrated that t. equiperdum infection elicits large quantities of splenic mrna encoding mu and kappa chains. the mu and gamma heavy chains and the kappa light chains synthesized in the cell-free translation system were specifically immunoprecipitated by antisera to heavy chain vha an ... | 1983 | 6406841 |
| splenic cytology during chronic trypanosoma equiperdum infection in deer mice: a semi-quantitative electron microscopic study. | 1983 | 6408849 | |
| the variant surface glycoproteins of trypanosoma equiperdum. identification of a phosphorylated glycopeptide as the cross-reacting antigenic determinant. | the cross-reacting antigenic determinant in the variant surface glycoproteins (vsgs) of trypanosoma equiperdum was studied by testing the ability of vsg glycopeptides to bind heterologous anti-vsg sera. vsg glycopeptide purification revealed the presence of 3 oligosaccharide sidechains on the mature vsg. these consist of two sidechains containing only mannose and glucosamine and a third containing galactose and mannose (in a 5:1 ratio) as well as phosphorous and ethanolamine. this phosphorylated ... | 1983 | 6190682 |
| stability of expression-linked surface antigen gene in trypanosoma equiperdum. | african trypanosomes evade clearance in immune-competent hosts by periodically replacing their major surface glycoprotein with an antigenically different glycoprotein. expression of many of these variant surface glycoproteins (vsgs) is associated with the duplication and transposition of silent basic copy genes (bcs) into unlinked genomic expression sites. the new expression-linked vsg gene copies (elcs) are oriented with their 3' ends proximal to chromosome telomeres. other vsg genes are activa ... | 1984 | 6320015 |
| re-expression of an inactivated variable surface glycoprotein gene in trypanosoma equiperdum. | variable surface glycoprotein (vsg) genes in african trypanosomes are often activated by the duplicative transposition of a silent basic copy (bc) gene into an unlinked telomerically located expression site, producing an active expression-linked copy (elc) of that gene. however, some bc genes that are already linked to a telomere are activated without apparent duplication or transposition. we have recently shown that an active vsg elc can be inactivated in situ, apparently without rearrangement. ... | 1984 | 6530143 |
| the use of a single complement fixation test technique in bovine brucellosis, johne's disease, dourine, equine piroplasmosis and q fever serology. | the same techniques may be used in the complement fixation test (cft) for the serological diagnosis of bovine brucellosis, johne's disease (paratuberculosis), dourine, equine piroplasmosis and q fever (caused by coxiella burnetii). the reproducibility of results is excellent, falling for the most part within the twofold range and never exceeding the fourfold range. agreement with other laboratories is excellent (i.e. within twofold) in the case of brucellosis and equine piroplasmosis antibody ti ... | 1985 | 4088642 |
| a gap at a unique location in newly replicated kinetoplast dna minicircles from trypanosoma equiperdum. | kinetoplast dna is a network containing thousands of interlocked minicircles. the minicircles replicate as free molecules after release from the network, and their progeny are then reattached (englund, p. t., (1979) j. biol. chem. 254, 4895-4900). in trypanosoma equiperdum, some of the newly replicated minicircles which have recatenated to the network contain a single gap. this gap is about 10 nucleotides in size and it is in the newly synthesized strand. based on several criteria (s1 nuclease d ... | 1985 | 2985601 |
| immunosuppression in experimental trypanosomiasis: effects of trypanosoma equiperdum on the pathogenesis of influenza virus infection in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus). | the effects of trypanosoma equiperdum infections on the immunological and pathological responses of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) to influenza virus exposure were investigated. mice carrying a 5 week trypanosome infection along with an age- and sex-matched trypanosome-free control group were simultaneously exposed to influenza ao (wsn) virus. t. equiperdum infection significantly (p less than 0.01) converted a sub-lethal virus attack into a fatal pneumonic process in a small proportion of a ... | 1985 | 3002002 |
| stable expression of two variable surface glycoproteins by cloned trypanosoma equiperdum. | african trypanosomes are thought to evade the host immune system by periodically changing their variable surface glycoprotein (vsg). vsg genes are activated by a complex process involving the duplicative transposition of silent basic copy genes to one of several expression sites. these expression-linked copies (elcs) of the vsg genes are also subject to regulation within expression sites by as yet unknown mechanisms. it is generally assumed that trypanosomes can express only one vsg gene at a ti ... | 1986 | 3003586 |
| expression of whole and hybrid genes in trypanosoma equiperdum antigenic variation. | a rapid technique involving the s1 nuclease resistance of rna:dna duplexes has been used to screen four trypanosoma equiperdum variant surface glycoprotein (vsg) genes for evidence of hybrid gene structure in their transcribed regions. the results suggest that vsgs appearing early in a chronic infection each have a complete co-linear basic copy (bc) of their expressed gene while vsgs appearing later in infection are particularly associated with bc genes which are recombined before being expresse ... | 1986 | 3013613 |
| the use of incomplete genes for the construction of a trypanosoma equiperdum variant surface glycoprotein gene. | the expression of trypanosoma equiperdum variant surface protein (vsg) 78 is accomplished by the duplicative transposition of silent basic copy (bc) genes into a telomer-linked expression site to form an expression-linked copy (elc). in two independent isolates expressing vsg 78, the elc is a composite gene. the analysis of vsg 78 cdna clones from these two bo tat 78 isolates and the respective bc genes revealed that both elcs were constructed from the same three bc genes, a 3' bc which donated ... | 1986 | 3013614 |
| atp-independent type ii topoisomerase from trypanosomes. | we have characterized in trypanosoma cruzi a dna topoisomerase capable of decatenating complex trypanosomal kinetoplast dna networks in the absence of atp. the enzymatic activity requires mg2+ and k+. using a defined dna topoisomer we showed that the linking number changes by steps of 2, which characterizes the enzyme as a type ii topoisomerase. the enzyme can catenate supercoiled dna molecules, unknot dna, and cleave double-stranded dna. the enzyme has no atpase activity. the native enzyme has ... | 1986 | 3020537 |
| organized packaging of kinetoplast dna networks. | the kinetoplast dna (kdna) of trypanosoma equiperdum is organized as a complex structure of catenated circular dna molecules. the major component of the kdna network is the one kilobase minicircle that is present at about 10,000 copies per network. we have developed two assays to examine the structure of kdna networks compacted in vitro with spermidine. our results suggest that minicircles are arranged into a regular structure with an exposed domain which is dnaase i- and restriction-sensitive a ... | 1986 | 3022936 |
| dourine in southern africa 1981-1984: serological findings from the veterinary research institute, onderstepoort. | the distribution of positive dourine cases found on the complement fixation test at the veterinary research institute, onderstepoort from 1981 to 1984, is recorded. within the republic of south africa, foci of infection occurred in the johannesburg, pretoria, potchefstroom, rustenburg, upington, lichtenburg, kroonstad, louis trichardt, middelburg (cape) and mossel bay state veterinary districts. in bophuthatswana, transkei, lesotho, south west africa and swaziland, positive cases were also recor ... | 1986 | 3806561 |
| ribonucleotides associated with a gap in newly replicated kinetoplast dna minicircles from trypanosoma equiperdum. | in trypanosoma equiperdum, some newly replicated kinetoplast dna minicircles contain a single gap at a unique location in their newly synthesized strand (ntambi, j. m., and englund, p. t. (1985) j. biol. chem. 260, 5574-5579). we now report that ribonucleotides are associated with this gap, with one or two covalently attached to the 5' terminus of the newly synthesized strand. there appear to be two possible rna/dna junctions at adjacent positions in the sequence. the ribonucleotides may be remn ... | 1986 | 2427514 |
| cloning and characterization of a variant surface glycoprotein expression site from trypanosoma equiperdum. | variant surface glycoprotein (vsg) genes of african trypanosomes are expressed when they are inserted into one of several telomere-linked expression sites. we cloned and characterized an 11-kilobase (kb) dna fragment located upstream of an expressed vsg gene. a dna sequence of 1.8 kb that is located immediately upstream of the inserted vsg gene contains sequences homologous to the 76-base-pair repeats described as being upstream of vsg genes in trypanosoma brucei (d. a. campbell, m. p. van bree, ... | 1986 | 2431296 |
| glycosyl-sn-1,2-dimyristylphosphatidylinositol is the membrane anchor for trypanosoma equiperdum and t. (nannomonas) congolense variant surface glycoproteins. | we have analysed the structures of the trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense and t. equiperdum variant surface glycoprotein (vsg) membrane anchors. myristic acid uptake, phospholipase treatment, and nitrous acid deamination showed that, for each species, the anchor is glycosyl-sn-1,2-dimyristylphosphatidylinositol, as has been previously described for t. brucei. osmotic lysis of these trypanosomes resulted in the release of soluble vsg, lacking fatty acid. in both species and in t. evansi, an endo ... | 1987 | 2957588 |
| on the role of repeated sequences 5' to variant surface glycoprotein genes in african trypanosomes. | in african trypanosomes, the dna region situated upstream from all active and some silent variant surface glycoprotein genes (vsg genes) has a repetitive structure. this region is composed of a variable number of tandem repeats of an a + t-rich sequence which lacks the recognition sites for most commonly used restriction endonucleases, and is thus called 'barren region'. the length of the barren regions varies in different trypanosome variants from 0.2 to many kb. we have characterized the barre ... | 1987 | 3036666 |
| nucleoside analysis of dna from trypanosoma brucei and trypanosoma equiperdum. | we have digested trypanosome dna with a combination of pancreatic dnase i, nuclease p1 and bovine alkaline phosphatase and fractionated the resulting nucleosides on a supelcosil lc-18-s column by high pressure liquid chromatography. we find less than 0.1% unusual nucleosides, both in trypanosoma brucei and in a trypanosoma equiperdum stock, in contrast to a previous report of an unusual nucleoside replacing dc at 1.3% of total nucleosides in t. equiperdum. our results agree with previous suggest ... | 1988 | 3185618 |
| an investigation into alternative methods for the serodiagnosis of dourine. | the complement fixation test (cft), indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat), card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis (catt) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) were compared in their application to the serological diagnosis of trypanosoma equiperdum infection in 43 horses. the cft remains a reliable test for dourine, especially in countries where other members of the subgenus trypanozoon do not occur. the ifat is a good 'back-up' test, but, requiring skilled operators it has the ... | 1988 | 3292986 |
| dourine in south africa. | 1988 | 3361566 | |
| alternate trans splicing in trypanosoma equiperdum: implications for splice site selection. | we examined the structures of the 5' ends of mrnas encoding variant surface glycoprotein 78 (vsg-78) and vsg-1(78) in trypanosoma equiperdum. several mrna species were found for each gene, and all contained the 35-base miniexon (or spliced leader) sequence attached at different positions on their 5' ends. thus, the generation of multiple messages for each vsg occurred by attachment of the miniexon at one of several 3' splice acceptor sites. the frequency with which individual splice sites were u ... | 1988 | 2835672 |
| replication of kinetoplast dna in trypanosoma equiperdum. minicircle h strand fragments which map at specific locations. | the mitochondrial dna of trypanosomes, kinetoplast dna, is a network containing thousands of topologically interlocked minicircles. minicircles are replicated as free molecules after being detached from the network. the minicircle l strand appears to be synthesized continuously and the h strand discontinuously. this paper describes properties of trypanosoma equiperdum minicircle h strand fragments which could be okazaki fragments. these fragments constitute a family of molecules of discrete size ... | 1989 | 2536025 |
| drug-promoted cleavage of kinetoplast dna minicircles. evidence for type ii topoisomerase activity in trypanosome mitochondria. | minicircle dna, the major component of the mitochondrial dna of trypanosomes (kinetoplast dna), is linearized when living trypanosoma equiperdum cells are treated with inhibitors of mammalian type ii topoisomerases and then lysed with sodium dodecyl sulfate. a variety of intercalating and nonintercalating compounds (the epipodophyllotoxins, 4'-(9-acridinylamino)-methanesulfon-m-anisidine, 2-methyl-9-hydroxyellipticine, and acriflavine) are active, but novobiocin and specific gyrase inhibitors (t ... | 1989 | 2537308 |
| synthesis and processing of kinetoplast dna minicircles in trypanosoma equiperdum. | kinetoplast dna, the mitochondrial dna in trypanosomes, is a giant network containing topologically interlocked minicircles. replication occurs on free minicircles that have been detached from the network. in this paper, we report studies on the synthesis and processing of the minicircle l and h strands. analysis of free minicircles from trypanosoma equiperdum by two-dimensional agarose gel electrophoresis indicated that elongating l strands are present on theta structures. hybridization studies ... | 1989 | 2552285 |
| specific discontinuities in leishmania tarentolae minicircles map within universally conserved sequence blocks. | specific discontinuities remaining in the daughter strands of newly synthesized minicircles from crithidia fasciculata and trypanosoma equiperdum have been shown to lie within conserved sequence blocks (csbs) present in minicircles from all species of trypanosomes. the presence of ribonucleotides at the 5' ends of the l-strand in both cases suggests that the conserved sequences may constitute a replication origin. however, specific discontinuities have only been mapped in organisms having unusua ... | 1989 | 2558318 |