Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| the cell walls of agaricus bisporus and agaricus campestris fruiting body hyphae. | the hyphal walls of agaricus bisporus and agaricus campestris fruiting bodies were isolated and purified. quantitative analyses revealed that these walls consisted mainly of carbohydrates (78.3-79.2%), lipids (9.9-10.1%), and proteins (8.7-10.2%). the major components of carbohydrate polymers were glucose, n-acetylglucosamine, and glucosamine. in addition, small quantities of galactose and mannose have been found. n-acetylglucosamine and glucosamine were identified chemically and enzymatically, ... | 1981 | 7197579 |
| suppression of human t and b lymphocyte activation by agaricus bisporus lectin. i. suggestive evidence for a surface "suppressor" receptor in human lymphocytes. | 1981 | 6778919 | |
| attempted tumor induction with agaritine in mice. | agaritine, a constituent of the cultivated mushroom of commerce agaricus bisporus, was administered at concentrations of 0.0625 and 0.03125% in drinking water daily for life to randomly bred swiss mice. consumption of the chemical resulted in no detectable carcinogenic action under the experimental conditions. during the course of the experiment, however, a substantial number of animals developed convulsive seizures. | 1981 | 7201775 |
| soluble suppressor supernatants elaborated by concanavalin a-activated human mononuclear cells. i. characterization of a soluble suppressor t cell proliferation. | when activated with the mitogenic lectin, concanavalin a, a subset of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells differentiate into potent suppressor cells that negatively modulate both cellular and humoral immune reactions. in addition to inhibitory cell-cell interactions, these regulatory cells elaborate a soluble immune suppressor supernatant (siss) containing at lest 2 distinct suppressor factors. one of these factors, siss-t, inhibits mitogen- and antigen-stimulated t cell proliferation, wher ... | 1981 | 6450803 |
| solubility of (1 leads to 3)-beta-d/(1 leads to 6)-beta-d-glucan in fungal walls: importance of presumed linkage between glucan and chitin. | in saccharomyces cerevisiae, neurospora crassa, aspergillus nidulans and coprinus cinereus most of the alkali-insoluble (1 leads to 3)-beta-d/(1 leads to 6)-beta-d-glucan of the wall can be extracted with dimethyl sulphoxide. the same fraction, and in saccharomyces cerevisiae a small additional fraction, can be extracted by a destructive procedure involving 40% naoh at 100 degrees c. the small fraction of the glucan which resists this treatment becomes soluble after a subsequent treatment with h ... | 1981 | 6460846 |
| studies of the tumorigenic potential of 4-substituted phenylhydrazines by the subcutaneous route. | 4-methylphenylhydrazine hydrochloride (4-mph) was administered to randomly bred swiss mice as 26 weekly sc injections of 140 microgram per gram of body weight and n'-acetyl-4-(hydroxymethyl)phenylhydrazine (amph) as 26 weekly sc injections of 500 microgram/g. as a solvent control, physiological saline was also given as 26 weekly sc injections of 0.01 ml/g. the 4-mph treatment induced a significant incidence (24%) of fibrosarcomas in males. in the 4-mph-treated females and some amph-treated male ... | 1981 | 7328695 |
| occurrence, stability and decomposition of beta-n [gamma-l(+)-glutamyl]-4-hydroxymethylphenylhydrazine (agaritine) from the mushroom agaricus bisporus. | a chromatographic technique was developed that could clearly separate beta-n [gamma-l(+)-glutamyl]-4-hydroxymethylphenylhydrazine (agaritine) from all other components in 10-500-microliters samples of mushroom extracts. locally purchased mushrooms were found to contain mean levels of 0.4 - 0.7 mg agaritine g. the agaritine content of the mushrooms had decreased by 2-47% after 1 wk of storage in a domestic refrigerator and by 36-76% after 2 wk of such storage. canned mushroom soup and canned mush ... | 1982 | 6131022 |
| 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-erythrose in agaricus bisporus. | 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-erythrose was isolated from the cell wall of the fruit body of agaricus bisporus. the structure of the amino sugar was determined by mass spectrography and 1h-nmr spectrography of its acetylated derivative and by paper chromatographic comparisons with authentic 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-erythrose. this amino sugar is a component of the glycoprotein fraction from the cell wall. its content in the glycoprotein increased markedly, especially during the ripening stage of the fruit body. | 1982 | 6215066 |
| the mutagenicity of some edible mushrooms in the ames test. | the mutagenic activity of five wild and two cultivated species of edible mushrooms was studied in the ames salmonella/microsome test system. the wild mushrooms tested were four species of the genus lactarius (l. necator, l. torminosus, l. helvus and l. rufus) and bolete (boletus edulis). the cultivated species were champignon (agaricus bisporus) and shiitake (lentinus edodes). all the mushrooms were mutagenic to tester strains sensitive to base-pair substitution mutagens, and l. necator, l. rufu ... | 1982 | 7201952 |
| gastric tumorigenesis by a single dose of 4-(hydroxymethyl)benzenediazonium ion of agaricus bisporus. | 4-(hydroxymethyl-benzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate was administered as a single intragastric instillation at 400 micrograms/g to swiss albino mice. the treatment gave rise to glandular stomach tumours in incidences of 30% in females and 32% in males. histopathologically, the tumours were classified as polypoid adenomas and adenocarcinomas. this diazonium ion is an ingredient of the cultivated mushroom of commerce, agaricus bisporus. the implications are self-evident. | 1982 | 6889885 |
| productivity of agaricus brunnescens stock cultures following 5-, 7-, and 10-year storage periods in liquid nitrogen. | 1982 | 6891316 | |
| mutagens in larger fungi. i. forty-eight species screened for mutagenic activity in the salmonella/microsome assay. | specimens of large fungi (mushrooms) were screened for mutagenic activity by the salmonella/microsome assay, with strains ta98, ta2637 and ta100. our of 48 species tested, 37 exhibited a significant but for the most part weak activity. the activity observed in the presence of s9 mix was typically between 0 and 50% of that without, and in no case was the activity increased in the presence of microsomal enzymes. six metabolites reported to occur in some of the species included in this investigatio ... | 1982 | 7050680 |
| common mushroom spores may cause asthma and hay fever in fall. | 1982 | 7199585 | |
| evidence for the occurrence and formation of diazonium ions in the agaricus bisporus mushroom and its extracts. | 1982 | 7201479 | |
| the binding of different lectins on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with chronic inflammatory and malignant diseases. | peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with multiple myeloma, gastrointestinal tumors, and inflammatory bowel disease were analyzed for binding of various lectins. the results demonstrated that in most of the patients with multiple myeloma a significantly increased percentage of cells positive for lotus tetragonolobus agglutinin (lta), peanut agglutinin (pna), soybean agglutinin (sba), and wheat germ agglutinin (wga), and a decreased number of agaricus bisporus agglutinin (aba) positiv ... | 1983 | 6852864 |
| photoinactivation of agaricus bisporus tyrosinase: modification of the binuclear copper site. | irradiation of agaricus bisporus tyrosinase in the presence of citrate at ph 5.6 with 300-420-nm light results in a loss of both catecholase activity and cresolase activity. the light-sensitive species appears to be an enzyme-citrate complex, most likely involving coordination of citrate to the active site copper. one copper ion from each binuclear active site can be removed from the inactivated enzyme, resulting in the formation of a met apo derivative. the electron spin resonance spectrum of m ... | 1983 | 6416292 |
| [beta-glucanase and chitinase biosynthesis in a culture of a mycophilic strain of trichoderma viride]. | the production of extracellular 1,3-, 1,6-beta-glucanases and chitinase was studied during submerged cultivation of a trichoderma viride strain 3/78 on various carbon sources: glycerol, glucose, lactose, sucrose, laminaran, starch, pustulan, chitin, and agaricus bisporus fruit bodies. the synthesis of these enzymes and cellulase was studied also under the conditions of depression at low concentrations (10(-2) and 10(-3)m) of the first five aforementioned carbon sources as well as cellobiose, gen ... | 1983 | 6420649 |
| immunological study on the wall proteins of different fruiting portions in pleurotus ostreatus (jacq. ex fr.) kummer and agaricus bisporus (lge.) sing. | immunological techniques are useful to clarify the sistematic scheme utilized for mushrooms. by comparing the various fruiting portions, a different composition in protein was observed in the cell wall of spores, pileus and stipe. the differences were present both in agaricus bisporus and in pleurotus ostreatus. the results indicate that a well definite choice of the utilized portions is necessary for comparative studies. in the basidiomycetes the meiospores represent the more useful development ... | 1983 | 6442242 |
| effect of an extract from saprozoic nematode-infested compost on the mycelial growth of agaricus brunnescens. | extracts from compost infested with caenorhabditis elegans suppressed mycelial growth of agaricus brunnescens. an extract from uninfested compost also inhibited mycelial growth but to a lesser degree. the critical role of compost bacteria and/or other compost micro-organisms is implicated by these results. | 1983 | 19295849 |
| biological control of olive green mold in agaricus bisporus cultivation. | successful methods to control the damaging weed mold chaetomium olivaceum (olive green mold) in mushroom beds are not presently known. an attempt was made to control c. olivaceum by biological means. a thermophilic bacillus sp. which showed dramatic activity against c. olivaceum on trypticase soy agar (bbl microbiology systems)-0.4% yeast extract agar plates was isolated from commercial mushroom compost (phase i). when inoculated into conventional and hydroponic mushroom beds, the bacillus not o ... | 1983 | 16346199 |
| distribution of brown blotch bacteria in wild and cultivated species of basidiomycetes. | wild and cultivated basidiomycetes species were cultured to determine the distribution of bacteria causing brown blotch disease of agaricus bisporus. colonies from each basidiocarp were screened for brown blotch organisms by the white line and host pathogenicity tests. isolates causing brown blotch were identified as pseudomonas tolaasi and an arthrobacter species. | 1984 | 16346653 |
| effect of pha-b fraction of agaricus bisporus lectin on insulin release and 45ca2+ uptake by islets of langerhans in vitro. | the effect of a purified pha-b fraction of agaricus bisporus lectin on insulin release and 45ca2+ uptake by islets of langerhans was studied. it was found that at 2 mm glucose +17.5 micrograms/ml a. bisporus pha-b (which produces half-maximal stimulation) there was a 3.3 fold increase in insulin secretion as compared to controls (2 mm glucose). stimulation of insulin release was found to be dose-related as well as time-dependent. maximal stimulation of insulin release was obtained at a lectin co ... | 1984 | 6375227 |
| inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase by naturally occurring quinols from spores of agaricus bisporus. | gamma-l-glutaminyl-4-hydroxybenzene, a stable phenol found in high concentrations in the gill tissue of the common mushroom, agaricus bisporus, was shown to be capable of selectively inhibiting dna synthesis in l1210 leukemia cells. studies with isolated enzymes and permeabilized l1210 cells revealed that this compound inhibits ribonucleotide reductase ( rnr ) but has no effect on dna polymerase. the results indicated a good correlation between the inhibition of dna synthesis and the ability of ... | 1984 | 6375659 |
| purification of hemagglutinins from agaricus bisporus by affinity chromatography. | 1984 | 6396221 | |
| effect of age on agaricus bisporus pha-b stimulated insulin release and 45ca2+ uptake in vitro by islets of langerhans. | the in vitro basal insulin release and 45ca2+ uptake by rat islets of langerhans remain unaffected by the animal's age. however, when agaricus bisporus lectin pha-b is added to the medium, there is a significant stimulation of basal insulin secretion and 45ca2+ uptake. the islets isolated from younger rats are more sensitive to a. bisporus pha-b stimulation and register 1.5-fold and 3-fold more increases of insulin release and 45ca2+ uptake respectively as compared to islets isolated from 12-mon ... | 1984 | 6397024 |
| lack of carcinogenicity of agaritine by subcutaneous administration in mice. | agaritine (a), an ingredient of the cultivated mushroom of commerce agaricus bisporus, was administered by subcutaneous injection to two groups of randomly bred swiss mice. in the first group the animals of both sexes were treated at a 100 micrograms/g body weight basis five times at weekly intervals, while in the second group the mice received a single a treatment of 100 micrograms/g body weight for females and 50 micrograms/g body weight for males. the administration of the compound resulted i ... | 1984 | 6539423 |
| first evidence for the occurrence of n delta-acetyl-l-ornithine and quantification of the free amino acids in the cultivated mushroom, pleurotus ostreatus. | the free amino acid profile of the fruiting bodies of pleurotus ostreatus was studied in detail. the first evidence for the occurrence of n delta-acetyl-l-ornithine in the mushroom was presented, and 33 ninhydrin-positive compounds were determined, besides n delta-acetyl-l-ornithine. alanine, glutamic acid, valine, glutamine, glycine and leucine were predominant protein amino acids occurring in the free form. as regards the non-protein amino acids, ornithine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, saccharopin ... | 1984 | 6539816 |
| [rapid determination of agaritin in commercial mushrooms (agaricus bisporus) with high performance liquid chromatography]. | a procedure is described for the determination of agaritine in the commercial mushroom agaricus bisporus by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc). agaritine was extracted from the mushroom sample with methanol and the filtered extract diluted with phosphate buffer. an aliquot of this solution was used directly for the hplc-separation on a cation exchange column (partisil scx) with 0.5 mm phosphate buffer (ph 1.8) as mobile phase and u.v. monitoring at 237 nm. the agaritine content in fre ... | 1984 | 6541850 |
| an enzymatic assay for calmodulins based on plant nad kinase activity. | nad kinase with increased sensitivity to calmodulin was purified from pea seedlings (pisum sativum l., willet wonder). assays for calmodulin based on the activities of nad kinase, bovine brain cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, and human erythrocyte ca2+-atpase were compared for their sensitivities to calmodulin and for their abilities to discriminate between calmodulins from different sources. the activities of the three enzymes were determined in the presence of various concentrations of cal ... | 1984 | 6093619 |
| incorporation of chorismic acid and 4-aminobenzoic acid into the 4-hydroxyaniline moiety of n-(gamma-l-glutamyl)-4-hydroxyaniline in agaricus bisporus. | agaricus bisporus contains the unique aniline derivative, n-(gamma-l-glutamyl)-4-hydroxyaniline. 14c-labelled chorismic acid was quantitatively incorporated into the 4-hydroxyaniline moiety of this aniline derivative, whereas 14c-labelled prephenic acid and anthranilic acid were not incorporated into 4-hydroxyaniline. these observations indicate the branch point of the biosynthetic route of 4-hydroxyaniline in the shikimic acid pathway to be chorismic acid. moreover, 4-aminobenzoic acid proved t ... | 1985 | 3873258 |
| a unique enzyme catalyzing the formation of 4-hydroxyaniline from 4-amino-benzoic acid in agaricus bisporus. | a unique enzyme that catalyzes the formation of 4-hydroxyaniline from 4-aminobenzoic acid was found in the homogenate of agaricus bisporus. the enzyme was prepared from the homogenate by (nh4)2so4 fractionation, gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. the products formed from 4-aminobenzoic acid by the enzyme were shown to be 4-hydroxyaniline and co2. the reaction required fad, nad(p)h and o2. these results indicate that the enzyme is a new fad-dependent monooxygenase. | 1985 | 3875343 |
| jackfruit (artocarpus integrifolia) and the agaricus mushroom lectin fit also to the so-called peanut receptor. | the lectin from jackfruit (artocarpus integrifolia) reacts with the peanut-specific lectin receptor represented by the t-disaccharide, which is also part of the thomsen (= t)-friedenreich antigen, namely o-beta-d-galactosyl-(1----3)-n-acetyl-d-galactosamine. the difference between the jackfruit lectin and peanut lectin has been shown to be mainly due to the further linkage of the t-disaccharide: whereas the peanut lectin reacts with both anomeric forms, jackfruit lectin and the closely - with re ... | 1985 | 3938662 |
| purification and characterization of four isolectins of mushroom (agaricus bisporus). | four lectins were purified from a mushroom (agaricus bisporus) by ammonium sulfate fractionation, anion-exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography on bovine submaxillary mucin-sepharose 4b and preparative isoelectric focusing. they were designated as aba-i (pi 6.70), ii (pi 5.98), iii (pi 5.69) and iv (pi 5.53). polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of each lectin in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate gave a single band with an apparent molecular mass of 16 000 da. sedimentation equilibri ... | 1985 | 4039942 |
| extracellular enzymes produced by the cultivated mushroom lentinus edodes during degradation of a lignocellulosic medium. | although the commercially important mushroom lentinus (= lentinula) edodes (berk.) sing. can be rapidly cultivated on supplemented wood particles, fruiting is not reliable. this study addressed the problem by developing more information about growth and development on a practical oakwood-oatmeal medium. the study determined (i) the components degraded during a 150-day incubation at 22 degrees c, (ii) the apparent vegetative growth pattern, (iii) the likely growth-limiting nutrient, and (iv) assa ... | 1985 | 16346918 |
| synthesis of double-stranded rna in a virus-enriched fraction from agaricus bisporus. | partially purified virus preparations from sporophores of agaricus bisporus affected with lafrance disease had up to a 15-fold-higher rna-dependent rna polymerase activity than did comparable preparations from healthy sporophores. enzyme activity was dependent upon the presence of mg(2+) and the four nucleoside triphosphates and was insensitive to actinomycin d, alpha-amanitin, and rifampin. the (3)h-labeled enzyme reaction products were double-stranded rna (dsrna) as indicated by cf-11 cellulos ... | 1986 | 16789256 |
| purification and properties of 4-aminobenzoate hydroxylase, a new monooxygenase from agaricus bisporus. | a new fad-dependent monooxygenase, 4-aminobenzoate hydroxylase that catalyzes the decarboxylative hydroxylation of 4-aminobenzoate and forms 4-hydroxyaniline in the presence of nad(p)h and o2 has been purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation, affinity chromatography, chromatofocusing, and sephadex g-100 chromatography from agaricus bisporus, a common edible mushroom. the molecular weight of the enzyme, which consists of a single polypeptide, is 49,000. the enzyme contains 0.91 m ... | 1986 | 3489713 |
| cancer induction in mice by feeding of the uncooked cultivated mushroom of commerce agaricus bisporus. | the cultivated mushroom of commerce in the western hemisphere, agaricus bisporus, was given p.o. to randomly bred swiss mice for 3 days and was followed by semisynthetic diet for 4 days each week for life. the mice were 6 weeks old at the beginning of the experiment. as a result of treatment, tumors were induced in the bone, forestomach, liver, and lungs in the following incidences: 16, 38, 8, and 40% in females and 16, 28, 12, and 62% in males, respectively. the corresponding tumor incidences i ... | 1986 | 3731070 |
| carcinogenesis by n2-[gamma-l(+)-glutamyl]-4-carboxyphenylhydrazine of agaricus bisporus in mice. | n2-[gamma-l(+)-glutamyl]-4-carboxyphenylhydrazine (gcph), an ingredient of the cultivated mushroom of commerce agaricus bisporus (ab), was administered as 52 weekly intragastric instillations of 1.4 mg/g body weight to randomly bred swiss mice. in comparison with the untreated controls, the subcutaneous tumor incidences rose from 0 to 26% in the males, while in the females the corresponding tumor incidences were 6 and 2%, respectively. histopathologically the tumors were fibrosarcomas, fibromas ... | 1986 | 3800334 |
| the mutagenic activity of agaritine--a constituent of the cultivated mushroom agaricus bisporus--and its derivatives detected with the salmonella/mammalian microsome assay (ames test). | purified agaritine (n'-(gamma-l(+)-glutamyl)-p-hydroxymethylphenylhydrazine) isolated from agaricus bisporus, p-hydrazinobenzoic acid (its presumptive precursor) and some agaritine-degradation products were tested for mutagenic activity with the salmonella/mammalian microsome assay (ames test). consistent with the literature, agaritine showed a distinct direct-acting mutagenicity with the strain ta1537 (30 revertants/mumol) and with ta97. incubation of agaritine at alkaline ph increased the muta ... | 1986 | 2876563 |
| comparative study of tyrosinases from different sources: relationship between halide inhibition and the enzyme active site. | the inhibition of tyrosinases from frog epidermis (rana esculenta ridibunda), mushroom (agaricus bisporus) and harding-passey mouse melanoma by halides is compared. in all cases, the inhibition is ph dependent, increasing when the ph decreases. the order of inhibition is i- greater than br- greater than cl- much greater than f- for frog epidermis tyrosinase, f- greater than i- greater than cl- greater than br- for mushroom tyrosinase and f- greater than cl- much greater than br- greater than i- ... | 1986 | 3082587 |
| antigenicity, catalytic activity and conformation of agaricus bisporus tyrosinase: interaction of conformation-directed antibodies with the native and irradiated enzyme. | the antiferromagnetically spin-coupled cu2+ pair present in the active center of tyrosinase was found to be indispensable for its catalytic function. however, the metal ion did not contribute to the conformational integrity or antigenicity of the enzyme molecule. irradiation of tyrosinase with 254 nm light resulted in dose dependent, essentially irreversible losses of its catalytic and antigenic functions. the apparent first order rate constants for the two processes were 17.6 x 10(-2) min-1 and ... | 1986 | 3084463 |
| active site and conformation-directed photoinactivation of copper-dependent oxidoreductases: studies of pig kidney diamine oxidase and agaricus bisporus tyrosinase. | 1987 | 3129555 | |
| restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the mushrooms agaricus brunnescens and agaricus bitorquis. | two agaricus species, a. brunnescens (a commercial mushroom) and a. bitorquis (a wild, edible species), were examined for restriction fragment length polymorphisms. ecori-digested nuclear dna from isolates of both species were cloned in plasmid vector puc18. ten random recombinant clones were used in southern dna-dna hybridizations to probe ecori-digested dna from 11 a. brunnescens isolates (7 commercial, 2 wild type, and 2 homokaryotic) and 7 a. bitorquis isolates. most cloned fragments were po ... | 1987 | 2907275 |
| luminescence emission from the cu(i)-thiolate complex in metallothioneins. | the luminescence emission properties of cu-metallothioneins (from neurospora crassa, agaricus bisporus and livers of bedlington terriers affected by copper toxicosis) as well as of (cu,zn)-metallothionein from bovine fetal liver are reported. upon excitation in the u.v., these proteins emit a largely red-shifted luminescence with a maximum at 565 nm attributable to the cu(i)-thiolate chromophores of the proteins. differences in the shapes of the spectra and the emission intensity are observed wi ... | 1987 | 2959510 |
| cancer induction by the sulfate form of 4-(hydroxymethyl) benzenediazonium ion of agaricus bisporus. | the sulfate form of 4-(hydroxymethyl) benzenediazonium ion (hmbd) of agaricus bisporus was given by 26 weekly subcutaneous injections at 50 micrograms/g body weight to swiss mice. as a result of treatment, tumors of subcutis and skin developed in 32% and 14% of the females and 40% and 4% of the males, respectively. the corresponding tumor incidences in the sodium sulfate-injected solvent control groups were 0% and 2% in females and 4% and 0% in males, respectively. histopathologically, the tumor ... | 1987 | 2979762 |
| aortic rupture and aortic smooth muscle tumors in mice. induction by p-hydrazinobenzoic acid hydrochloride of the cultivated mushroom agaricus bisporus. | p-hydrazinobenzoic acid (hba), an ingredient of the cultivated mushroom agaricus bisporus, was given in hydrochloride form at a dosage of 0.125% in drinking water for life to randomly bred swiss mice. previous studies had demonstrated that either synthetic or naturally occurring hydrazines are carcinogenic in mice with the main tumors so-induced being peripheral angiomas and angiosarcomas. as a result of hba treatment in the present experiments, smooth muscle cell tumors of the aorta and large a ... | 1987 | 3599914 |
| the structure of the mycelial wall of agaricus bisporus. | the chemical composition of fractions extracted from the mycelial walls of agaricus bisporus was studied. attempts were made to locate these materials "in situ" by comparing electron micrographs of shadowed and sectioned cell walls. there are at least two chemically distinct species of carbohydrate polymers: one yielding mainly glucose with lower amounts of mannose, galactose and xylose and amino acids, and the other yielding chiefly n-acetylglucosamine with some glucose and amino acids. it was ... | 1987 | 3269795 |
| inversion of 5s ribosomal rna genes within the genus coprinus. | in the basidiomycete fungus coprinus cinereus, the 5s ribosomal rna (rrna) genes are found in the rdna repeat which encodes the other three rrnas (18s, 5.8s, and 26s), and all genes are transcribed in the same direction (cassidy et al. 1984). to facilitate examination of the rrna gene organization in additional species, we developed a method to permit determination of the direction of transcription of the rrna genes using crude preparations of genomic dna. we used this method to determine the or ... | 1987 | 2835172 |
| scanning electron microscope studies of interactions between agaricus bisporus (lang) sing hyphae and bacteria in casing soil. | relationships between the hyphae of agaricus bisporus (lang) sing and bacteria from the mushroom bed casing layer were examined with a scanning electron microscope. hyphae growing in the casing layer differed morphologically from compost-grown hyphae. whereas the compost contained thin single hyphae surrounded by calcium oxalate crystals, the casing layer contained mainly wide hyphae or mycelial strands without crystals. the bacterial population in the hyphal environment consisted of several typ ... | 1987 | 16347340 |
| crosses among homokaryons from commercial and wild-collected strains of the mushroom agaricus brunnescens (= a. bisporus). | a new technique for the production of hybrid strains of the cultivated mushroom agaricus brunnescens is described. homokaryons were recovered from regenerated protoplasts obtained from several heterokaryotic strains. a total of 16 novel hybrids were produced in 63 attempted crosses between paired homokaryons. recovery of both homokaryons and hybrids was verified by analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms. three of four hybrids fruited in small-scale tests, further confirming that t ... | 1988 | 16347674 |
| restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the mushrooms agaricus brunnescens and agaricus bitorquis. | [this corrects the article on p. 817 in vol. 53.]. | 1988 | 16347704 |
| a convenient procedure for rapid release of protoplasts from ustilago maydis. | filtrates from cultures of trichoderma harzianum, grown on a liquid mineral salts medium containing vitamin and trace element supplements, 0.5 g/l glucose and 2 g/l of dried residue of ethanol-extracted commercial mushrooms (agaricus brunnescens), are a good source of enzymes for the release of protoplasts from the sporidia of ustilago maydis. when concentrated 50-fold by (nh4)2so4 precipitation, the enzymes liberated 95% of the protoplasts from the sporidia within 40 min. | 1988 | 3273191 |
| carbohydrate-binding specificities of five lectins that bind to o-glycosyl-linked carbohydrate chains. quantitative analysis by frontal-affinity chromatography. | the carbohydrate-binding specificities of lectins purified from agaricus bisporus (aba-i), arachis hypogaea (pna), bauhinia purpurea (bpa), glycine max (sba), and vicia villosa (vva-b4) have been studied by affinity chromatography on columns of the immobilized lectins, and quantitatively analyzed by frontal affinity chromatography. these five lectins could be classified into two groups with respect to their reactivities with typical mucin-type glycopeptides, beta-d-galp-(1----3)-alpha-d-galpnac- ... | 1988 | 3274131 |
| studies on prolyl endopeptidase from shakashimeji (lyophyllum cinerascens): purification and enzymatic properties. | high prolyl endopeptidase (post-proline cleaving enzyme) [ec 3.4.21.26] activity was detected in fruit bodies of shakashimeji (lyophyllum cinerascens), tsukuritake (mushroom: agaricus bisporus), hirohachichitake (lactarius hygrophoroides), and yaburebenitake (russula lepida) which belong to the genus basidiomycetes. cell-free extract of shakashimeji showed high activities of proline iminopeptidase and arylamidase as well as prolyl endopeptidase. the prolyl endopeptidase was purified from the ext ... | 1988 | 3071534 |
| [cultivation of pleurotus ostreatus and allied species (fungi: pleurotaceae) upon semi-sterile natural media]. | pleurotus ostreatus (jacq. ex fr.) quélet and its allies are edible mushrooms whose cultivation is successful in parts of europe and asia. in costa rica only agaricus bisporus has been commercially cultured, but requires elaborate facilities. the use of waste material (e.g. sawdust, rice straw, sugar cane debris) and non-controlled environmental conditions suitable for easy artisanal cultivation of pleurotus ostreatus is reported here. | 1988 | 3238078 |
| cancer induction in mice by 4-hydroxybenzenediazonium sulfate of the agaricus xanthodermus mushroom. | 4-hydroxybenzenediazonium sulfate (hbd) was administered to swiss mice by subcutaneous injection at weekly intervals of two or 36 times at 10 or 2 micrograms per gram body weight, respectively. the hbd given 36 times induced tumors of the subcutis in 22% of females and in 22% of males. the corresponding tumor incidences in the untreated controls were 2% in females and 8% in males. histopathologically, the neoplasms were classified as fibromas, fibrosarcomas, myxosarcomas and rhabdomyosarcomas. t ... | 1989 | 2519869 |
| tumor induction by 4-(methyl)benzenediazonium sulfate in mice. | 4-(methyl)benzenediazonium sulfate (mbd) was administered to swiss mice by subcutaneous injection at weekly intervals 19 or 16 times at 50 micrograms/g body weight. the treatment gave rise to tumors of the subcutaneous tissue and skin. the tumor incidences in the groups with 19 injections were 12 and 6% in females and 12 and 4% in males, respectively, while in the group with 16 injections were 24 and 14% in females and 50 and 4% in males, respectively. the corresponding tumor incidences in the u ... | 1989 | 2519976 |
| inheritance of restriction fragment length polymorphisms in agaricus brunnescens. | the cultivated mushroom, agaricus brunnescens, is secondarily homothallic; most basidia produce only two basidiospores, each of which receives two of the four post meiotic nuclei. the segregation of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) detected by four plasmid probes carrying single-copy nuclear dna of agaricus was followed in seven parental strains including commercial, wild-collected, and artificially synthesized heterokaryons. of a total of 367 single-spore progeny examined, 351 ... | 1989 | 2573557 |
| effect of age on the binding of lectin 125i-pha-b to pancreatic islets of rat in vitro and stimulation of some cellular events. | agaricus bisporus lectin (pha-b) stimulates insulin release in vitro. the stimulation is associated with increased conversion of proinsulin to insulin in the isolated islets of langerhans of rats. both these functions are directly proportional to the binding of i125 pha-b, which is more marked in the islets from younger rats. the lectin binding to islets is not affected by glucose concentration in the medium. | 1989 | 2675521 |
| glycaemic effects of traditional european plant treatments for diabetes. studies in normal and streptozotocin diabetic mice. | twelve plants used for the traditional treatment of diabetes mellitus in northern europe were studied using normal and streptozotocin diabetic mice to evaluate effects on glucose homeostasis. the plants were administered in the diet (6.25% by weight) and/or as decoctions or infusions in place of drinking water, to coincide with the traditional method of preparation. treatment for 28 days with preparations of burdock (arctium lappa), cashew (anacardium occidentale), dandelion (taraxacum officinal ... | 1989 | 2743711 |
| characterization of galactose-containing glycoconjugates in the human retina: a lectin histochemical study. | seven specimens of morphologically normal formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human retina were studied using a panel of fourteen biotinylated lectins, all of which react with glycoconjugates containing galactose and n-acetylgalactosamine residues. agaricus bisporus (aba), bauhinia purpurea (bpa), phaseolus vulgaris (pha-e), peanut (pna) and ricinus communis (rca-i) agglutinins labeled photoreceptor cells prior to enzymatic predigestion. bpa and pna bound specifically to cones. the plexiform la ... | 1990 | 2091899 |
| benzoic acid inhibition of the alpha, beta, and gamma isozymes of agaricus bisporus tyrosinase. | inhibition of the catecholase and cresolase reactions of the alpha, beta, and gamma isozymes of agaricus bisporus tyrosinase by benzoic acid was investigated at 25.0 and 8.0 degrees c at ph 5.60 in air-saturated solutions. benzoic acid is a simple competitive inhibitor of the cresolase reaction of all three isozymes. in the catecholase reaction, however, benzoic acid is a partial uncompetitive inhibitor of the alpha and beta isozymes and a simple competitive inhibitor of gamma-tyrosinase. equili ... | 1990 | 2112900 |
| purification and characterization of an extracellular prolyl endopeptidase from agaricus bisporus. | prolyl endopeptidase [ec 3.4.21.26] was purified to homogeneity from the culture filtrate of agaricus bisporus by a procedure that comprised ammonium sulfate fractionation, anion-exchange chromatographies on deae-toyopearl and deae-sephadex, hydroxylapatite chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) on a tskgel g 2000 sw column. the overall activity recovery was 8.6%. the enzyme was most active at or around ph 7.5 and was stable in the range of ph 5-9 when checked with z-g ... | 1990 | 2113924 |
| [quantities of agaritine in mushrooms (agaricus bisporus) and the carcinogenicity of mushroom methanol extracts on the mouse bladder epithelium]. | consumption of the agaricus species mushrooms has increased considerably in japan as the japanese have become accustomed to western cooking. the agaricus species mushroom contains hydrazine derivatives known as agaritine. bladder implantation was performed to test the carcinogenic potential of the agaricus species mushroom which contains large quantities of agaritine. the results are summarized as follows: 1) agaritine was detected in fresh agaricus bisporus mushrooms at the level of 228.2 micro ... | 1990 | 2132000 |
| agaricus bisporus metapotyrosinase: preparation, characterization, and conversion to mixed-metal derivatives of the binuclear site. | the alpha, beta, and gamma isozymes of agaricus bisporus tyrosinase undergo inactivation in the presence of oxalate. the inactivation rate law is first order in enzyme and second order in oxalate. on a more rapid time scale than inactivation, oxalate acts as a competitive inhibitor of the catecholase reaction of tyrosinase. after removal of oxalate by dialysis, the inactivated enzyme is found to contain 50% of the original copper, all of which is present as paramagnetic, mononuclear copper sites ... | 1990 | 2176854 |
| mutagenic and genotoxic activities of extracts derived from the cooked and raw edible mushroom agaricus bisporus. | a. bisporus has been reported to be carcinogenic to mice [toth et al. (1986) cancer res 38:177-180] and mutagenic in salmonella typhimurium [sterner et al. (1982) mutat res 101:269-281]. the effects of different heat treatments on the mutagenicity of raw, cooked (boiled) and fried a. bisporus extracts in the s. typhimurium test is reported. the spectrum of potential mutagenic activity of a. bisporus extracts was tested in vitro in syrian hamster embryo cells for selective dna amplification and i ... | 1990 | 2229137 |
| a study of the mutagenicity of some commercially canned spanish mushrooms. | the mutagenicity of two wild (lactarius deliciosus and boletus luteus) and two cultivated (agaricus bisporus and pleurotus ostreatus) mushrooms, preserved by canning and widely consumed in spain, was studied in the ames salmonella/microsome test and in the cho/hprt assay system using mammalian cells. the mushroom extracts did not show mutagenicity in the microbial ames test nor in the mammalian cho-k1 cells, and this response was not modified by the presence of s-9 mix in the assay mixtures. onl ... | 1990 | 2272557 |
| amino acids and peptides. xxvi. synthesis of agaricus bisporus metallothionein and related peptides and examination of their heavy metal-binding properties. | a pentacosapeptide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of agaricus bisporus metallothionein (mt) and related cysteine-containing peptides were prepared by the conventional solution method and their heavy metal-binding properties were examined. the cu2(+)- or cu(+)-binding activities of various peptides were not greatly dependent on the peptide structure, so far as examined, although the pentacosapeptide, a. bisporus mt, exhibited slightly higher binding activity than the other peptid ... | 1990 | 2279278 |
| stimulation of vascular cell proliferation by beta-galactoside specific lectins. | an investigation was conducted to assess the effects of various beta-galactoside specific lectins on the growth of vascular cells in vitro. the plant lectins from peanut (arachis hypogaea), mushroom (agaricus bisporus), and coral tree (erythrina corallodendron) were used in these studies with the ultimate purpose of comparing those findings with data derived with the lectin isolated from rat lung. peanut lectin was added to confluent and subconfluent cultures of smooth muscle cells (smc), pulmon ... | 1990 | 2379767 |
| a monoclonal antibody recognizing the fad-binding site of 4-aminobenzoate hydroxylase from agaricus bisporus. | a monoclonal antibody against 4-aminobenzoate hydroxylase (ec 1.14.13.27) from agaricus bisporus, a common edible mushroom, has been produced by the fusion of balb/c mouse spleen cells immunized with the denatured enzyme and p3x63ag8u1 myeloma cells in order to locate and characterize the catalytic site of the enzyme. the monoclonal antibody immunoblotted the enzyme and immunoprecipitated its apoenzyme. the immunoprecipitation was inhibited in the presence of fad, and the monoclonal antibody com ... | 1990 | 2398045 |
| natural pesticides and bioactive components in foods. | in this review, some common food plants and their toxic or otherwise bioactive components and mycotoxin contaminants have been considered. crucifers contain naturally occurring components that are goitrogenic, resulting from the combined action of allyl isothiocyanate, goitrin, and thiocyanate. although crucifers may provide some protection from cancer when taken prior to a carcinogen, when taken after a carcinogen they act as promoters of carcinogenesis. the acid-condensed mixture of indole-3-c ... | 1990 | 2404325 |
| biomass and biological activity during the production of compost used as a substrate in mushroom cultivation. | the production of a suitable substrate for the cultivation of the common white button mushroom, agaricus bisporus, is referred to as composting. high microbiological activity causes temperatures of the composting material to rise as high as 80 degrees c. at stacking, an optimal oxygen consumption rate of 140 mumol of o(2) h g (dry weight) was found in the compost at 50 degrees c, whereas the oxygen consumption rate of the end product was lower at all temperatures tested. no significant differenc ... | 1990 | 16348310 |
| expression of proteins and glycoproteins encoded by the haploid nuclei in the dikaryotic state in the basidiomycete agrocybe aegerita. | the total proteins and concanavalin a-binding glycoproteins of the cultivated mushroom agrocybe aegerita were studied in homokaryotic siblings and in dikaryotic strains. the glycoproteins exhibited considerable variability compared with the proteins; the genetic diversity detected in homokaryons in the glycoprotein analysis was 30-fold higher than the genetic diversity revealed by protein analysis, and the glycoprotein patterns could be used to characterize individual genotypes. we found that th ... | 1991 | 16348554 |
| agaritine does not mediate the mutagenicity of the edible mushroom agaricus bisporus. | ethanolic extracts of the edible mushroom agaricus bisporus displayed a direct-acting mutagenic response in various salmonella typhimurium strains, ta104 being clearly the most sensitive. incorporation of an activation system derived from the liver of mice, hamsters or aroclor 1254-induced rats failed to increase the mutagenic response. the mutagenic response of ethanolic extracts from various types of mushroom, containing different levels of agaritine (range 0.3-6.5 g/kg fresh weight), was very ... | 1991 | 1679191 |
| synapse formation occurs in association with the induction of long-term potentiation in two-year-old rat hippocampus in vitro. | following induction of long-term potentiation in subfield ca1 of the hippocampal slice from 26-month-old rats, shaft synapse numbers increased by 44% and sessile spine synapses (synapses on stubby, headless spines) by 72%, with the more common mushroom-shaped spine synapses statistically unaltered. these effects are smaller than in prior work with young adults, whereas population spike amplitude changes were comparable to young adults. reasons for the discrepancy are unclear, but the results con ... | 1991 | 1770987 |
| phenotypic variation of pseudomonas putida and p. tolaasii affects the chemotactic response to agaricus bisporus mycelial exudate. | the chemotactic response of wild-type pseudomonas putida and p. tolaasii, and a phenotypic variant of each species, to agaricus bisporus mycelial exudate was examined. both p. putida, the bacterium responsible for initiating basidiome development of a. bisporus, and p. tolaasii, the causal organism of bacterial blotch disease of the mushroom, displayed a positive chemotactic response to casamino acids and to a. bisporus mycelial exudate. the response was both dose- and time-dependent and marked ... | 1991 | 1791431 |
| phenotypic variation of pseudomonas putida and p. tolaasii affects attachment to agaricus bisporus mycelium. | the effect of phenotypic variation on attachment of pseudomonas tolaasii and p. putida to agaricus bisporus mycelium was investigated. quantitative studies demonstrated the ability of each isolate to attach rapidly and firmly to a. bisporus mycelium and significant differences in attachment of wild-type and phenotypic variant strains were observed. this was most pronounced in p. tolaasii, where the percentage attachment of the wild-type form was always greater than that of the phenotypic variant ... | 1991 | 1791432 |
| homology between mitochondrial dna of agaricus bisporus and an internal portion of a linear mitochondrial plasmid of agaricus bitorquis. | agaricus bisporus, the cultivated mushroom, contains a mitochondrial fragment (50h) which was previously demonstrated by southern hybridization to have sequence similarity to an internal region of pem, a linear mitochondrial plasmid of agaricus bitorquis. the nucleotide sequence of 50h was determined and compared to the sequence of the corresponding pem fragment. the region of sequence homology on pem is contained within an open reading frame (orf) that may encode an rna polymerase, but 50h is n ... | 1991 | 1879001 |
| sequences of three dsrnas associated with la france disease of the cultivated mushroom (agaricus bisporus). | la france disease of the cultivated mushroom, agaricus bisporus, is known to be associated with the presence of a number of dsrna segments. the nucleotide sequences of the dsrnas m2 (1.3 kb), m1 (1.55 kb) and l3 (2.8 kb), invariably associated with the disease, were determined. putative coding sequences for proteins with molecular weights of 38, 40 and 87 kda were found for m2, m1 and l3 dsrnas, respectively. the average g + c content of these dsrnas was 43%, close to that of a. bisporus nuclear ... | 1991 | 1934110 |
| left handed alpha-helix formation by a bacterial peptide. | the alpha-helix is a common element of secondary structure in proteins and peptides. in eukaryotic organisms, which exclusively incorporate l-amino acids into such molecules, stereochemical interactions make such alpha-helices, invariably right-handed. pseudomonas tolaasii paine is the causal organism of the economically significant brown blotch disease of the cultivated mushroom agaricus bisporus (lange) imbach. p. tolaasii proceduces an extracellular lipodepsipeptide toxin, tolaasin, which cau ... | 1991 | 1991518 |
| provocation tests in extrinsic allergic alveolitis in mushroom workers. | the clinical diagnosis of extrinsic allergic alveolitis can be supported by a positive provocation test. twenty-eight common mushroom (agaricus bisporus) workers, 4 oyster mushroom (pleurotus ostreatus) workers and 6 shii take mushroom (lentinus edodes) workers, whose medical history indicated a possible extrinsic allergic alveolitis, were examined. the provocation test consisted of a control day, an exposure day, and half a day of follow-up observation. on the control and exposure days, the bod ... | 1991 | 2030812 |
| carcinogenicity examination of agaricus bisporus, edible mushroom, in rats. | carcinogenicity of agaricus bisporus, the edible mushroom, was studied in rats. female charles river sprague - dawley rats (cd rats) were given a diet containing a 30% dry powder of a. bisporus for 500 days until the termination of the experiment. a control group was given a basal diet without a. bisporus. the rats in the experimental group had mammary tumor, thymoma, adrenal adenoma and pituitary adenoma. however, there was no significant difference in the incidence of these tumors between the ... | 1991 | 2049788 |
| preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against 4-aminobenzoate hydroxylase from agaricus bisporus. | a monoclonal antibody (mab, a) recognizing the fad-binding domain of 4-aminobenzoate hydroxylase (4-aminobenzoate, nad(p)h:oxygen oxidoreductase (1-hydroxylating, decarboxylating), ec 1.14.13.27) from agaricus bisporus, a common edible mushroom, had been produced (tsuji, h., ogawa, t., bando, n., kimoto, m. and sasaoka, k. (1990) j. biol. chem. 265, 16064-16067). in the present study, three other mabs (b1, b2 and b3) against the enzyme have been further prepared in order to facilitate the struct ... | 1992 | 1371228 |
| isolation and characterization of a cellulose-growth-specific gene from agaricus bisporus. | the edible basidiomycete, agaricus bisporus, produces extracellular endoglucanase. endoglucanase production is induced by cellulose and repressed by fructose in a. bisporus grown on minimal medium, and is regulated in activity during fruiting body development. an anti-endoglucanase antibody was used to isolate cellulase-related genes. three main polypeptides of 38, 58, and 60 kda were immunoprecipitated by the antibody from products of in vitro cell-free translation of mrnas isolated from cellul ... | 1992 | 1398098 |
| mushroom worker's lung. detection of antibodies against shii-take (lentinus edodes) spore antigens in shii-take workers. | indoor cultivation of the edible mushroom shii-take (lentinus edodes) regularly leads to symptoms of mushroom worker's lung (mwl) in workers. an immunologic test is described allowing detection of igg type antibodies against shii-take spore antigens. it was found that mwl patients employed in shii-take picking (n = 5) have significantly increased antibody titres against shii-take spore antigens. different control groups, viz, mwl patients employed in the cultivation of the white button mushroom ... | 1992 | 1432300 |
| dna amplification polymorphisms of the cultivated mushroom agaricus bisporus. | single 10-bp primers were used to generate random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers from commercial and wild strains of the cultivated mushroom agaricus bisporus via the polymerase chain reaction. of 20 primers tested, 19 amplified a. bisporus dna, each producing 5 to 15 scorable markers ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 kbp. rapd markers identified seven distinct genotypes among eight heterokaryotic strains; two of the commercial strains were shown to be related to each other through single-spore ... | 1992 | 1444410 |
| siderophore-mediated iron (iii) transport in the mycelia of the cultivated fungus, agaricus bisporus. | three structurally diverse iron (iii) sequestering compounds (siderophores) were isolated from the supernatants of early stationary phase iron-deficient cultures of vegetative mycelia of the cultivated mushroom, agaricus bisporus (atcc 36416). the compounds were purified as their ferric chelates to homogeneity by gel permeation, cation exchange, and low-pressure reversed phase c18 chromatographies, and characterized as trihydroxamic acids. the chelates were identified as ferrichrome, ferric fusa ... | 1992 | 1447567 |
| bacterial mutagenicity of extracts of the baked and raw agaricus bisporus mushroom. | aqueous extracts of baked and raw agaricus bisporus (ab) mushroom were tested for mutagenic activity in salmonella typhimurium strains ta1535 and ta1537. the extracts were studied with and without metabolic activation by aroclor-induced rat liver s9 mix. the extracts of the baked and raw ab exhibited a dose related mutagenic activity with and without activation in strain ta1535. similar findings were obtained in strain ta1537, although the net revertant values were of lower magnitude. because hu ... | 1992 | 1457740 |
| sequence analysis of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes from the basidiomycetes schizophyllum commune, phanerochaete chrysosporium and agaricus bisporus. | gpd genes encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were isolated from the homobasidiomycetes schizophyllum commune, phanerochaete chrysosporium and agaricus bisporus. all three species contain one transcriptionally active gpd gene, but a. bisporus also contains an inactive gpd gene (tandemly linked to the active gene). these genes contain 5-9 introns located at conserved positions, differing (except in one case) from intron positions in ascomycetous gpd genes. the predicted amino-acid s ... | 1992 | 1473176 |
| differential reactivity of agaricus bisporus lectin with human iga subclasses in gel precipitation. | the interaction between purified agaricus bisporus lectin and several human proteins was studied using the ouchterlony double diffusion and immunoelectrophoresis techniques. only one precipitation line was observed with normal human serum, normal human colostrum, iga1 myeloma serum, both serum monoclonal and secretory iga1 and monoclonal igd. no reaction was observed with monoclonal and secretory iga2, igg, igm, alpha 2 macroglobulin or pregnancy-associated alpha 2 glycoprotein. these results we ... | 1992 | 1474257 |
| the use of immobilized lectins in the separation of staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, listeria and salmonella spp. from pure cultures and foods. | lectins from helix pomatia, canavalia ensiformis, agaricus bisporus and triticum vulgaris agglutinated cultures of staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, listeria and salmonella spp. this agglutination was specific as it was inhibited (except with a. bisporus lectin) by the competing sugar substrates. the ability of three of these lectins, immobilized on a variety of supports, to separate these micro-organisms from pure cultures was investigated. immobilization of the lectins on magnetic micro ... | 1992 | 1512177 |
| growth-promoting effect of thermophilic fungi on the mycelium of the edible mushroom agaricus bisporus. | the growth-promoting effect of the thermophilic fungus scytalidium thermophilum in mushroom compost on the mycelium of the edible mushroom agaricus bisporus was investigated. results obtained by others were confirmed by showing that s. thermophilum leads to an increased hyphal extension rate of the mushroom mycelium. however, it was demonstrated that hyphal extension rates were not clearly related to mushroom biomass increase rates. a number of experiments pointed strongly towards co2 as the det ... | 1992 | 1514812 |
| characteristics of a hydrated, alginate-based delivery system for cultivation of the button mushroom. | the production of the button mushroom agaricus bisporus with mycelium-colonized alginate pellets as an inoculant of the growing medium was investigated. pellets having an irregular surface and porous internal structure were prepared by complexing a mixture of 1% sodium alginate, 2 to 6% vermiculite, 2% hygramer, and various concentrations of nutrisoy (soy protein) with calcium chloride. the porous structure allowed the pellets to be formed septically and then inoculated and colonized with the fu ... | 1992 | 16348774 |
| investigation of mitochondrial transmission in selected matings between homokaryons from commercial and wild-collected isolates of agaricus bisporus (= agaricus brunnescens). | ten heterokaryons of agaricus bisporus (= agaricus brunnescens) were shown to carry four different mitochondrial (mt) genotypes by analysis of mt restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps). fifteen homokaryons derived from these strains were used to investigate mt inheritance in a. bisporus. one hundred eighty-nine pairings were performed in 25 different combinations. pairings in 15 different combinations produced heterokaryons on the basis of nuclear rflp analyses and/or fruiting trials. ... | 1992 | 16348802 |
| localization of the mating type gene in agaricus bisporus. | the cultivated mushroom agaricus bisporus is secondarily homothallic. most basidia produce two basidiospores, each of which receives two of the four postmeiotic nuclei. usually, the two packaged nuclei carry compatible mating types. previous studies suggested that there may be only a single mating type locus in a. bisporus. in this study, we determined whether the mating type segregated as a single mendelian determinant in a cross marked with 64 segregating molecular markers. to score mating typ ... | 1993 | 16349046 |
| activity of mushroom polyphenol oxidase in organic medium. | a kinetic study of the activity of mushroom polyphenol oxidase in an organic system was carried out to obtain detailed enzyme kinetic data in relation to optimization of reaction conditions and substrate specificity. a simple method for consistent measurement of reaction rates in the heterogeneous enzyme/organic solvent system (consisting of immobilized polyphenol oxidase and a hydrated solution of the substrate in chloroform) was designed. the aqueous content of the system was optimized using p ... | 1993 | 18613142 |
| agaricus bisporus: an assessment of its carcinogenic potency. | this assessment focuses on the concentrations of some chemicals present in the agaricus bisporus mushroom, the cancer-inducing doses of these chemicals or mushroom used in the animal experiments, the total amounts of these chemicals or mushroom needed to induce cancer in these mice, and the estimated total amounts of these chemicals or mushroom needed to induce cancer in humans. by adding the estimated amounts of chemicals needed to induce cancer and by comparing it with the amount of raw mushro ... | 1993 | 8008044 |
| effect of phenol on the mycelial growth and fructification in some of basidiomycetous fungi. | cometabolic growth studies with phenol were undertaken to screen 32 strains of white and brown rot fungi. all the cultures studied grew well up to 4 mm of phenol on czapekdox agar except agaricus bisporus (white button mushroom) and pleurotus cystidiosus. most of them could grow even up to 6 mm of phenol. phenol induced a brown pigmentation of the culture medium. p. flabellatus and p. pulmonarius metabolized 67 and 64 mg/l phenol in 10 days. studies have indicated that phenol (0.1 to 1.0 mm) inc ... | 1993 | 8229674 |
| an electrophoretic karyotype of the cultivated mushroom--agaricus bisporus. | thirteen chromosomal-sized dna bands of the cultivated mushroom agaricus bisporus have been resolved using the method of clamped homogeneous electric field (chef) electrophoresis. using chromosome size standards from schizosaccharomyces pombe, saccharomyces cerevisiae and candida albicans, the estimated size of the chromosomal dnas ranged from 3.5 to 1.2 megabase pairs (mb). by southern hybridization with homologous gene probes, the chromosomal location of cellulase and laccase genes have been m ... | 1993 | 8299170 |
| mushroom worker's lung: serologic reactions to thermophilic actinomycetes present in the air of compost tunnels. | vast numbers of spores of the thermophilic actinomycetes excellospora flexuosa, thermomonospora alba, t. curvata and t. fusca were collected from the air in fermentation tunnels during the spawning of mushroom compost, i.e. over 10(9) cfu m-3 of air. five different genera of fungi, namely, aspergillus, aureobasidium, cladosporium, penicillium and scytalidium, were found at only 10(3) cfu m-3 of air. agaricus bisporus, used for spawning, was absent. sera of 10 mushroom growers affected by mushroo ... | 1993 | 8326995 |