Publications

use of torulopsis utilis and invert sugar in streptomycin fermentation.		1970	5464095
[different properties of nicotinamide desamidases from torulopsis utilis and endomycopsis vernalis].		1970	4394573
spectroscopic resolution of the "iron-flavoprotein trough" of the respiratory chain of submitochondrial particles from torulopsis utilis.		1970	11947607
biochemical applications of continuous culture: energy-conservation mechanisms in torulopsis utilis.		1970	4920880
changes of mitochondrial nadh(2) oxidation pathways in torulopsis utilis grown on acetate.		1970	11947450
non-haem iron and the dissociation of piericidin a sensitivity from site 1 energy conservation in mitochondria from torulopsis utilis.	1. the aerobic incubation of iron-deficient torulopsis utilis cells for 12h under non-growing conditions results in the recovery by mitochondria of the previously absent site 1 energy conservation and sensitivity to piericidin a. 2. the recovery of piericidin a sensitivity but not site 1 is prevented by the presence of cycloheximide (100mug/ml) in the medium used for aerobic incubation of the cells. rotenone sensitivity behaved similarly. 3. chloramphenicol, erythromycin and tetracycline were wi ...	1971	4331255
a comparison of mitochondria from torulopsis utilis grown in continuous culture with glycerol, iron, ammonium, magnesium or phosphate as the growth-limiting nutrient.	1. mitochondria prepared from torulopsis utilis grown in a chemostat with iron-limited growth were found to lack energy conservation but not electron flow in that segment of the respiratory chain leading from intramitochondrial nadh to the cytochromes [i.e. the site 1 segment (lehninger, 1964)]. 2. site 1 energy conservation was present in mitochondria prepared from cells grown under conditions of limitation by glycerol, ammonium and magnesium. phosphate-limited growth resulted in mitochondrial ...	1971	4331254
growth phase and rotenone sensitivity in torulopsis utilis: difference between exponential and stationary phase.		1971	11945564
effect of sulphate-limited growth on mitochondrial electron transfer and energy conservation between reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide and the cytochromes in torulopsis utilis.	1. conditions have been established for the sulphate-limited growth of torulopsis utilis in continuous culture. 2. mitochondria prepared from sulphate-limited cells lack both piericidin a sensitivity and the first energy-conservation site (site 1). sensitivity to antimycin a or cyanide and the second and third energy-conservation sites were apparently unaffected by sulphate-limited growth. 3. aerobic incubation for 8h of sulphate-limited cells with a low concentration of sulphate (50mum or less) ...	1971	4399517
spectroscopic studies of flavoproteins and non-haem iron proteins of submitochondrial particles of torulopsis utilis modified by iron- and sulphate-limited growth in continuous culture.	1. a spectroscopic resolution has been made of the components contributing to the ;iron-flavoprotein' trough extending from 450 to 520nm in the reduced-minus-oxidized difference spectrum of submitochondrial particles of torulopsis utilis. 2. seven components were identified other than cytochrome b, ubiquinone and succinate dehydrogenase. on the basis of the effects of iron- and sulphate-limited growth of cells on their subsequently derived electron-transport particles, and also by consideration ...	1971	4399518
the purification and properties of the respiratory-chain reduced nicotinamide--adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase of torulopsis utilis.	1. an nadh-ferricyanide reductase activity has been isolated from the respiratory chain of torulopsis utilis by using detergents. the isolated enzyme contains non-haem iron, acid-labile sulphide and fmn in the molar proportions 27.5:28.4:1. the preparation is free of fad and largely free of cytochrome. 2. the enzyme catalyses ferricyanide reduction by nadph at about 1% of the rate with nadh, and reacts poorly with acceptors other than ferricyanide. the rates of reduction of some acceptors are, a ...	1971	4399788
acquisition and loss of rotenone sensitivity in torulopsis utilis.		1971	5106112
growth yields of torulopsis utilis grown in continuous culture with glycerol or iron as the growth-limiting nutrient.		1971	5166589
nucleotide sequence of alanine trna i from torulopsis utilis.		1972	11946713
partial digestion with ribonuclease t 1 and derivation of the complete sequence of tyrosine transfer ribonucleic acid from torulopsis utilis.		1972	4672191
complete digestion of tyrosine transfer ribonucleic acid from torulopsis utilis with pancreatic and t 1 ribonucleases.		1972	4341741
chemical modification of pseudouridylic acid in valine transfer ribonucleic acid i from torulopsis utilis with a radioactive carbodiimide.		1972	5064995
chemical modification of pseudouridylic acid in isoeleucine transfer ribonucleic acid from torulopsis utilis with a radioactive carbodiimide.		1972	5064241
mitochondrial effects of copper-limited growth of torulopsis utilis.		1972	11946241
utilisation of urea by urease-free organisms torulopsis utilis.		1972	5065942
mechanism of urea decomposition by urease-less torulopsis utilis.		1972	4677126
atp: urea amidolyase (adp) in torulopsis utilis cultivated on ammonium sulphate as the sole nitrogen source.		1972	4672251
the detection of delta-aminolaevulinic acid synthetase in anaerobically grown torulopsis utilis.		1972	4542156
physico-chemical studies on conformation of a complex reconstituted from half molecules of torulopsis utilis tyrosine transfer ribonucleic acid.		1972	4567663
effect of supplemental vitamin e and selenium in high moisture corn diets on the incidence of mulberry heart disease and hepatosis dietetica in pigs.	forty-eight intact male pigs were used to investigate the influence of source of protein supplement, corn moisture content, and supplemental vitamin e-selenium survived the cidence of mulberry heart disease, hepatosis dietetica and associated lesions. pigs fed soybean meal-high moisture corn diets survived fewer days than pigs fed the other diets. none of the pigs fed torula yeast-dry corn or soybean meal-high moisture corn without supplemental vitamin e-selenium survived the 13 week trial. supp ...	1972	4263921
vitamin e, selenium and methionine supplementation of dystrophogenic diets for pigs.	forty-eight weanling s.p.f. yorshire pigs were used to study the influence of supplemental vitamin e (25 iu per kg of diet) selenium (0.5 ppm in diet) and methionine (0.1% in diet) on the incidence of hepatosis dietetica and mulberry heart disease when fed a torula yeast-corn diet. vitamin e and/or selenium increased pig survival. supplemental selenium resulted in increased liver selenium concentrations. no hepatosis dietetica was observed in any of the pigs. the addition of vitamin e and/or sel ...	1972	4263922
dietary induction of mulberry heart disease and hepatosis dietetica in pigs. i. nutritional aspects.	two trials were conducted, involving 48 yorkshire specific pathogen-free pigs, three to four weeks old, to investigate diets which would result in a high incidence of deaths from mulberry heart disease and hepatosis dietetica in pigs. diets based on ground corn with torula yeast resulted in a high incidence of death. protein supplements of dried skim milk or soybean meal with corn did not induce a high incidence of death. diets supplemented with torula yeast had the lowest selenium concentration ...	1972	4263917
selenium retention in tissues and sperm of rats fed a torula yeast diet.		1973	4682443
the primary structure of alanine transfer ribonucleic acid 1 from torulopsis utilis. ii. partial digestion with ribonuclease t1 and derivation of the complete sequence.		1973	4796876
the primary structure of alanine transfer ribonucleic acid 1 from torulopsis utilis. i. complete digestion with pancreatic ribonuclease and ribonuclease t1.		1973	4796875
desaturation of oleyl phospholipid to linoleyl phospholipid in torulopsis utilis.		1973	4735345
structure and function of 5s ribosomal ribonucleic acid from torulopsis utilis. ii. partial digestion with ribonucleases and derivation of the complete sequence.		1974	4476733
nucleotide sequence of 5 s rna from torulopsis utilis.		1974	4604831
300 mhz pmr studies on the conformation of the hexanucleotide, 2'omegpapapupappsi, from the anticodon loop of torula yeast trnaphe.		1974	4831072
[stimulation of growth in torulopsis utilis (candida utilis) by various vitamin- and growth-factor sources in solutions containing sucrose].		1974	4471907
structure and function of 5s ribosomal ribonucleic acid from torulopsis utilis. i. purification and complete digestion with pancreatic ribonuclease a and ribonuclease t.		1974	4476732
microbial fermentation of rice straw: nutritive composition and in vitro digestibility of the fermentation products.	rice straw was fermented with cellulomonas sp. and alcaligenes faecalis. microbial cells and undigested residue, as well as chemically treated (naoh or nh4oh) and untreated straws, were analyzed for nutrient composition and in vitro digestibility. in a typical fermentation, 75% of the rice straw substrate was digested, and 18.6% of the total substrate weight that disappeared was recovered as microbial protein. the microbial cell fraction was 37% protein and 5% crude fiber; the residue was 12% pr ...	1975	804853
effect of dietary fat upon aflatoxicosis in rats fed torula yeast containing diet.		1975	1133433
lead poisoning in vitamin e-deficient rats.	weanling male rats were fed either a vitamin e-deficient torula yeast diet or the same diet supplemented with 100 ppm vitamin e for a period of 3 months. one group of animals fed each diet received 250 ppm lead in the drinking water, whereas another group of animals fed each diet received no lead in the water. vitamin e deficiency per se had little or no effect on hematocrit value, reticulocyte count, spleen weight, or erythrocyte mechanical fragility in rats not poisoned with lead. on the other ...	1975	1185284
efficacy and safety of selenium-vitamin e injections in newborn pigs to prevent subclinical deficiency in growing swine.	seventy-eight newborn pigs were allotted to 4 treatment groups: 22 pigs in group a were given no selenium-vitamin e (se-e), 22 pigs in group b were given small doses of se-e, 22 pigs in group c were given medium doses of se-e, and 12 pigs in group d were given large doses of se-e. pigs were intramuscularly injected before 7 days of age and at weaning (40 days of age), respectively, as follows: group a--1 ml of physiologic saline solution/pig each time, group b--0.25 mg of se/pig and later 0.06 m ...	1975	1124875
assessment of the quantity of biologically available phosphorus in yeast rna and single-cell protein.	two assays were conducted with chicks fed a phosphorus-deficient crystalline amino acid diet from day 8 to 17 posthatching to evaluate the phosphorus availability of purified torula yeast rna and single-cell protein (torula yeast). tibia bone ash of the chicks was the criterion used in both assays, and regression analysis was used to evaluate bone ash as a function of phosphorus intake. a standard curve was established by feeding graded levels of kh2po4 in each assay. weight gain, tibia weight a ...	1976	1019097
biological potency of selenium from sodium selenite, selenomethionine, and selenocystine in the chick.	experiments were conducted to determine the relative effectiveness of selenium (se) from sodium selenite, selenomethionine and selenocystine for promoting weight gain and preventing exudative diathesis. the chicks used were hatched from eggs low in se. they were fed a basal diet made up mostly of corn (low in se) and torula yeast or the basal diet supplemented with various levels of se from sodium selenite, selenomethionine, or selenocystine. at 10 mug. of added se per kg of diet, sodium selenit ...	1976	935062
studies on the binding of 5,5-diphenyl-hydantoin to nucleic acids in vitro and to rat brain subcellular fractions in vitro and in vivo.	the binding of 5,5-diphenylhydantoin (dph) to nucleic acids (bovine brain rna, rat liver ribosomal and trna, torula utilis rna, and calf thymus and escherichia coli dna was studied using ultraviolet spectroscopy, gel chromatography and thermal transition profiles. within the sensitivity of these methods, it was found that there is essentially little or no interaction between dph and nucleic acids in vitro as has been reported previously. little, if any evidence of dph intercalation with dna was ...	1976	1255490
glutathione peroxidase response to selenium intake in lambs fed a torula yeast-based, artificial milk.		1976	1262296
changes in ribonuclease with age in the fungus rhizoctonia solani.	the enzyme ribonuclease (rnase) which was isolated from rhizoctonia solani kuehn degraded ribonucleic acid from both torula yeast and from rhizoctonia solani mycelia. as the rhizoctonia mycelia aged, there was an increase in both the total and the specific activities of the rnase present in the mycelia. this change is discussed in relation to the age dependent decrease in protein synthesis in this fungus.	1976	1263606
utilization of cellulosic materials through enzyamtic hydrolysis. i. fermentation of hydrolysate to ethanol and single-cell protein.	ethanol fermentation studies were conducted with saccharomyces cerevisiae atcc "4126, to determine the optimal conditions of oxygen tension and feed sugar concentration. in long-term continuous culture maximum ethanol production was found to occur at 0.07 mmhg oxygen tension and 10% glucose feed concentration. preliminary process design and cost studies are developed for industrial scale fermentations to produce ethanol and torula yeast from sugars obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of newsprint.	1976	786408
production of candida utilis on slop by-product of fermentation industries.	the slop (vinas) liquor, a major by-product a alcohol fermentation industries, has been used as growth medium for production of the torula yeast, candida utilis. supplementation of the slop with 0.2% ammonium sulphate and 1% to 5% molasses improved the cell yield significantly. the crude slop gave better results than the diluted or centrifuged liquors. under optimal conditions, more than 15 grams of yeast were obtained on dry weight basis. the application feasibility of these results is presente ...	1976	1037048
effect of selenium on rat growth, growth hormone and diet utilization.	female rats were fed a selenium-deficient diet composed of torula yeast, sucrose, vitamins (including tocopheryl acetate) and minerals from weaning and during breeding, gestation and lactation. the offspring were used to study the effects of selenium on growth, diet utilization and growth hormon status. the torula yeast diet containing 200 iu dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate was fed alone or supplemented with 0.025 or 0.1 ppm of selenium as selenite. rats fed the selenium-supplemented diets grew sign ...	1976	1262978
[views of methods of cell-disruption for investigation of the lipids of the yeasts endomycopsis vernalis and torulopsis utilis (author's transl)].		1976	986050
structure of wye (yt base) and wyosine (yt) from torulopsis utilis phenylalanine transfer ribonucleic acid.	a fluorescent base wye (yt base) was isolated from torulopsis utilis trnaphe. the structure was established as 4,9-dihydro-4,6-dimethyl-9-oxo-1h-imidazo[1,2-alpha]purine based on ultraviolet (uv), nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr), and mass spectra, and by direct comparison with synthetic material. the nucleoside, wyosine (yt), was isolated from purified trnaphe by enzymatic degradations followed by column and thin-layer chromatographies. the structure of wyosine is proposed as 3-ribofuranosyl-4, ...	1976	942858
structure and function of 5s ribosomal ribonucleic acid from torulopsis utilis. iii. detection of single-stranded regions by digestion with nuclease s1.	identification of single-stranded regions in torulopsis utilis 5s rna was attempted by the use of nuclease s1, a single-strand specific endonuclease. when t. utilis 5s rna was subjected to prolonged incubation with nuclease s1, about 50% of the substrate 5s rna remained as large oligonucleotide "cores." such nuclease s1-resistant fragments were purified and sequenced by column chromatographic procedures. these analyses revealed that regions around positions 12, 40, 57, and 110 are in exposed sin ...	1977	560370
comparative effects of selenium and vitamin e in lead-poisoned rats.	weanling male rats were fed a torula yeast diet supplemented with selenium, vitamin e, or both for 3 months. of rats fed each diet, one group received 250 ppm lead in the drinking water and another group did not. in rats not poisoned with lead, neither vitamin e nor selenium deficiency affected spleen weight, hematocrit value, or erythrocyte mechanical fragility. vitamin e deficiency increased the splenomegaly, anemia, and mechanical fragility of red cells of lead-poisoned rats, whereas selenium ...	1977	845675
osmotic and peroxidative fragilities of erythrocytes from vitamin e-deficient lead-poisoned rats.	weanling male rats were fed either a vitamin e-deficient torula yeast diet fortified with selenium or the same diet supplemented with 100 ppm vitamin e. one group of rats fed each diet received plain distilled water, whereas another group received 250 ppm lead as lead acetate in the drinking water. after a 3 month feeding period, erythrocyte osmotic and peroxidative fragilities were determined in an osmotic test recorder. dietary vitamin e had little or no effect on the osmotic fragility of red ...	1977	845674
sequence of an oligonucleotide derived from the 3' end of each of the four brome mosaic viral rnas.	a 3'-terminal oligonucleotide fragment, 161 bases long, can be obtained from each of the four brome mosaic virus rnas by means of nuclease digestion. like the four intact brome mosaic virus rnas, each fragment accepts tyrosine in a reaction catalyzed by wheat germ aminoacyl-trna synthetase. the complete nucleotide sequence of the rna 4 fragment has been determined by use of standard radiochemical methods. comparative data for the fragments from rnas 1, 2, and 3 show that they have nearly the sam ...	1977	270723
the selenium requirements of the hen and effects of a deficiency.	hens were fed a diet low in selenium made up mostly of corn and torula yeast. egg production and hatchability increased significantly when selenium was supplemented, while the percentage of infertile eggs and early dead embryos decreased. anemia also resulted from the deficiency. a total of .05 mg. selenium per kg. (.04 from the basal diet plus .01 supplemental) was adequate to prevent signs of deficiency in a diet which contained no supplemental vitamin e or antioxidant. in a second experiment ...	1977	611492
life and the outer planets i. performance of terrestrial organisms in ammonia-rich systems.	survival and growth of organisms has been demonstrated at 298 degrees k in nh3 atmospheres, including ammonia-methane mixtures. included are bacteria such as clostridium perfringens, pseudomonas aeruginosa, fungi such as penicillium notatum and torula utilis. although the biological response in onion and other species of allium is limited to germination, standard metabolic poisons were active even in 15 m aqueous nh3, at 250 degrees k. the most extreme example of compatibility between nh3-rich e ...	1977	12596809
a general method for characterizing naturally occurring folate compounds, illustrated by characterizing torula yeast (candida utilis) folates.		1978	567943
nucleotide sequence of leucine transfer rna 1 from candida (torulopsis) utilis.	two species of 32p-labelled leucine trna were highly purified from candida (torulopsis) utilis by successive column chromatographies. the purified major species of leucine trna 1 was completely digested with ribonuclease t1 [ec 3.1.4.8] and with pancreatic ribonuclease a [ec 3.1.4.22]. the resulting fragments were fractionated, and their nucleotide sequences were determined according to barrell (1). the results of analyses of the two ribonuclease digests were consistent with each other, and indi ...	1978	350863
[new method of checking the quality of food proteins required for maintenance. 2. 15n excretion in feces of test rats labelled with 15n after feeding with different protein sources].	for 7 days 37 test rats received a casein diet with an extra of 6.6 mg 15n-excess in the form of ammonium acetate. from the eighth test day onwards 4 resp. 5 rats each received various protein sources under maintenance conditions (115 kcal/kg body mass0,75). the atom-% 15n-excess was determined in feces, blood liver and muscles (urine cf. 1st information). the endogenous quota of n in the feces was calculated as follows: (formula: see text). the numerical value of the tca-soluble fraction of n i ...	1978	742976
direct study of alkylating agent--rna interaction by 13c nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.	the interactions of torula yeast rna with four biologically important methylating agents (methyl methanesulfonate, dimethyl sulfate, 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea, and 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine) have been studied by 13c nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. this direct stable isotope method eliminated all tedious and questionable degradation processes for determining the reactive sites and product distribution. based on the integration curves, two types of product distribution can be disti ...	1978	698933
in vitro binding of 2-acetaminofluorene to rna and protein with rat liver microsomes.	covalent binding of 2-acetaminofluorene[9-14c] with exogenous torula yeast rna and endogenous protein was investigated in liver microsome system in vitro. the binding to protein was 100 times higher than that to rna. requirement of nadph, effectiveness of methylcholanthrene treatment, and inhibition by 7,8-benzoflavone suggest possible involvement of mixed-function oxidases in this binding. the binding was not due to contaminated cytosol in the microsome fraction. addition of cytosol, sulfate io ...	1978	30668
effects of dietary vitamin e, selenium, and polyunsaturated fats on in vivo lipid peroxidation in the rat as measured by pentane production.	starting at 21 days of age, groups of six rats each were fed a basal torula yeast diet supplemented with 0.4% l-methionine and varying amounts of vitamin e as dl-alpha tocopherol acetate, selenium as sodium selenite, and with either 10% stripped corn oil, stripped lard, or coconut oil. by 7 wk, pentane production by rats fed a corn oil diet deficient in both vitamin e and selenium was twice that by rats fed 0.1 or 1 mg of selenium per kg of the same basal diet. blood glutathione peroxidase activ ...	1978	672480
rapid purification of threonyl-trna synthetase from saccharomyces carlsbergensis by affinity elution from phosphocellulose.	threonyl-trna synthetase [ec 6.1.1.3] of saccharomyces carlsbergensis was highly purified by a simple enzyme-substrate affinity method. after calcium-gel treatment of the crude enzyme extract, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and removal of polynucleotides with deae-cellulose, the enzyme was nonspecifically adsorbed onto phosphocellulose (p-cellulose), and then eluted specifically with a linear concentration gradient of threonine trna from torula yeast (candida (torulopsis) utilis). the enzyme wa ...	1978	670153
360 mhz pmr studies on the involvement of the y-nucleoside in the conformation of 2'-omegpapapypappsi from torula yeast trnaphe.	360 mhz measurements of chemical shifts, 3j1'-2', and t1 as a function of temperature for various protons of the hexanucleotide 2'-omegpapapypappsi from torula yeast trnaphe have revealed a unique involvement of the yt base in the structure and conformation of this oligonucleotide. whereas the adenosine residues in the anticodon triplet are relatively stable to temperature increase, the yt readily undergoes destacking and a change in ribose conformation. the destacking most likely involves a tor ...	1978	634791
structure and function of 5s ribosomal ribonucleic acid from torulopsis utilis. iv. detection of exposed guanine residues by chemical modification with kethoxal.	the reaction of torulopsis (candida) utilis 5s ribosomal rna with kethoxal (beta-ethoxy-alpha-ketobutyraldehyde) was studied in an attempt to identify the exposed guanine residues. at most 7-8 out of 32 guanine residues in t.utilis 5s rna were kethoxalated after reaction at 37 degrees c for 4 h in the presence of magnesium ions. localization of the kethoxalated guanine residues in t.utilis 5s rna was achieved by sequence analyses of rnase t1 digests of the kethoxalated 5s rna. these analyses sho ...	1978	568134
the primary structure of cytoplasmic initiator transfer ribonucleic acid from torulopsis utilis.	cytoplasmic initiator transfer ribonucleic acid (trnainit) was purified from bulk torulopsis (candida) utilis trna by a series of column chromatography procedures. sequence analysis of the products of complete and partial digestion of this trna with ribonuclease a [ec 3.1.4.22] and ribonuclease t1 [ec 3.1.4.8] enabled us to determine the complete primary structure of the molecule. the chain length of this trna was 76, including 11 modified nucleotides. the structure of the trna was arranged into ...	1979	573264
dna sequence similarity, cell wall mannans and physiological characteristics in some strains of candida utilis, hansenula jadinii and hansenula petersonii.	the physiological characteristics, proton magnetic resonance spectra of cell wall mannans, dna base composition and dna sequence similarity of some strains of candida utilis, hansenula jadinii and hansenula petersonii were examined. it was found that c. utilis was not distinguishable from h. jadinii by any of these criteria. these findings show the close genetic relationship between c. utilis and its perfect form h. jadinii. in contrast, h. petersonii was found to differ from c. utilis and h. ja ...	1979	576029
reduction of hepatic lipid deposition in laying hens by dietary selenium-yeast interaction.	experiments were conducted to study the effect of chromiun and selenium on liver lipid deposition and incidence of liver hemorrhage in caged layers. commercial strains of layers were fed ad libitum equicaloric and isonitrogenous diets. corn-torula dried yeast diets containing added selenium (.1 microgram/g) with or without supplementary chromium (10 microgram/g) significantly reduced total liver lipid and liver hemorrhage. the effects of protein source (soybean meal vs. yeast) and selenium were ...	1979	537985
effect of graded dietary levels of selenium on tracheal carcinomas induced by 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea.	an investigation was conducted to determine the effect of the dietary level of selenium on the induction of tracheal cancer by 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (mnu). male syrian golden hamsters received intratracheal instilations of a 0.5% mnu solution once weekly for 12 weeks. two weeks prior to the initiation of carcinogen treatment, animals were placed on a semisynthetic, 30% torula yeast diet to which either no selenium or 1 or 5 mg selenium/kg of diet as sodium selenite was added. animals were maint ...	1979	509405
glutathione peroxidase acitvity in intestinal and liver tissues of rats fed various levels of selenium, sulfur and alpha-tocopherol.	the effects of various levels of selenium, alpha-tocopherol and sulfur on glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px) activity in intestinal and liver tissues were determined in male rats fed corn-soybean or torula yeast diets. rats fed corn-soybean diets had greater gsh-px activity in the small intestine, colon and liver tissues, catalase activity and selenium in the liver, and body weight gains than those fed torula yeast diets. gsh-px activity in the small intestine, colon, and liver tissues as well as c ...	1979	430245
oxygen isotope fractionation during respiration for different temperatures of t. utilis and e. coli k12.	the temperature dependence of the oxygen isotope fractionation factor during respiration has been examined for two different microorganisms, namely torulopsis utilis and escherichia coli k12 representing a yeast and a bacterium, respectively. the investigation covered a temperature range of 18 degrees c, that is from 16 degrees c to 34 degrees c for t. utilis and from 19 degrees c to 37 degrees c for e. coli k12. within this temperature range the fractionation factor of t. utilis increases by 0. ...	1979	396549
structure of the 5-s ribosomal rna gene and its adjacent regions in torulopsis utilis.	a dna segment spanning one repeating unit of ribosomal rna(rrna) genes in a yeast strain, torulopsis utilis, has been cloned on a bacterial plasmid pbr322. the size of the cloned segment was about mr = 8.0 x 10(6). all of the genes for the four species of rrna were linked on it, and there was a long spacer between the 5-s and 18-s rrna coding regions. the nucleotide sequences of the regions flanking the 5-s rrna gene were determined and compared with those in the corresponding regions of sacharo ...	1980	6254757
beneficial effect of chromium-rich yeast on glucose tolerance and blood lipids in elderly subjects.	twenty-four volunteers, mean age 78, including eight mildly non-insulin-dependent diabetics, were randomly allocated to one of two groups and were fed (daily for 8 wk) 9 g of either chromium-rich brewers' yeast (experimental) or chromium-poor torula yeast (control). before and after yeast supplementation, the serum glucose and insulin response to 100 g oral glucose was measured at 30 min intervals for 2 h. fasting serum cholesterol, total lipids, and triglycerides were also determined. in the to ...	1980	7000589
effect of acriflavine on the hexokinase isozyme pattern of a yeast, hansenula jadinii.	dried cells of a yeast, hansenula jadinii, that had been cultured aerobically with acriflavine, contained three hexokinase isozymes and metabolized glucose at 0.6 m to produce atp to phosphorylate nucleotides in the presence of a high concentration of phosphate. dried cells cultured aerobically without acriflavine contained two hexokinase isozymes and could not metabolize glucose under the same conditions. two of the isozymes of the yeast cultured with acriflavine were similar to isozymes of the ...	1980	7388034
respiratory pentane: a measure of in vivo lipid peroxidation applied to rats fed diets varying in polyunsaturated fats, vitamin e, and selenium and exposed to nitrogen dioxide.	pentane is one decomposition product of omega 6-unsaturated lipid hydroperoxides. the measurement of respiratory pentane is one of the most sensitive in vivo tests of lipid peroxidation. this measurement was applied to test the ability of a low level, short-term exposure of rats of nitrogen dioxide to induce lipid peroxidation. when exposed to 4.48 ppm nitrogen dioxide for 60 min, no increase in pentane production was detected. for 10 weeks prior to exposure, the rats were fed torula yeast-based ...	1980	7423553
dietary selenium and age-related susceptibility of rat erythrocytes to oxidative damage.	the effects of age and dietary selenium on cellular susceptibility to oxidative stress were studied in rat erythrocytes. young (26 or 40 days) and mature adult (11 or 15 months) male rats were fed a torula yeast-based low selenium and low vitamin e diet supplemented with either 0, 1.0 to 2.0 ppm selenium (as sodium selenite) for 5 weeks. the rates of spontaneous hemolysis amd methemoglobin formation and levels of glutathione (gsh), glucose-6-phosphate (g6p) dehydrogenase, but not of gsh peroxida ...	1980	7441374
effects of temporary selenium supplementation on the genesis of spontaneous mammary tumors in inbred female c3h/st mice.	female inbred c3h/st mice infected with the bittner milk particle, develop mammary adenocarcinoma with 27% incidence if maintained on a torula yeast diet supplemented with 1 ppm of selenium (organically bound, in yeast). animals switched from the 1 ppm se diet to a diet containing only 0.15 ppm se after reaching the age of 13.8 months develop mammary tumors rapidly during their remaining lifespan, the overall tumor incidence reaches 69%, not statistically different from the 77% incidence of tumo ...	1980	22283000
effect of dietary methionine on the biopotency of selenite and selenomethionine in the rat.	the effect of dietary methionine (met) on the biopotency of selenium (se) from selenite and selenomethionine (se-met) was studied in rats fed a 30% torula yeast-based diet containing 0.24% met and less than 0.02 ppm se. biopotency was quantitated by assaying liver, plasma and heart for the glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px) increase elicited by a given level of se fed for 1 week to se-deficient rats. at dietary se levels up to 0.5 ppm se, the level of dietary met supplementation did not alter selen ...	1981	7452376
nutritional availability to rats of selenium in tuna, beef kidney, and wheat.	weanling male rats were fed a selenium (se)-deficient 40% torula yeast diet for 4 weeks and were then continued on depletion for another 4 weeks or were repleted with 0.1, 0.2, or 0.3 ppm se as sodium selenite or 0.2 ppm se as tuna, beef kidney, or high-se wheat. there were no significant differences in young red blood cell se, unfractionated red blood cell se, or liver se levels in groups fed diets containing 0.2 ppm se. glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px) activity in young red blood cells was lowe ...	1981	7310542
selenium and reproductive function in boars fed a low selenium diet.	a study was conducted with 24 crossbred boars (77.5 +/- 2.8 days of age) to determine the effects of low se status on various spermatozoal characteristics and on se concentration in semen, serum and primary and accessory reproductive tissues. all boars were fed a low se diet (cornstarch and torula yeast) ad libitum. twelve boars were injected every 14 +/- 1 days with sodium selenite (.33 mg se/kg body weight) and 12 served as saline-treated controls (low se status). at 210 +/- 5 days of age, six ...	1981	7319974
effects of chlorinated bisphenols on torula yeast glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.	chlorinated bisphenol antibacterial and antifungal agents are potent inhibitors of torula yeast glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd). several compounds were tested, including hexachlorophene [hcp; 2,2'-methylenebis(3,4,6-trichlorophenol)]; 2,2'-oxybis(tetrachlorophenol); 2',4-dihydroxy-2,3,3',5,5',6-hexachlorodiphenylmethane; 2,2'-methylenebis(3,4-dichlorophenol) (3,4-tcp); bithionol [2,2'-thiobis(4,6-dichlorophenol)]; 2,2'-methylenebis(3,5-dichlorophenol); 2,2'-dihydroxy-3,3',5,6,6'-pentach ...	1981	6802984
nucleotide sequences of the 5s ribosomal rna genes and their adjacent regions in schizosaccharomyces pombe.	the organization of 5s ribosomal rna (rrna) genes in the genome of schizosaccharomyces pombe has been investigated by restriction and hybridization analyses. the 5s rrna genes were not linked to the other three species of rrna genes which formed a repeating unit of 6.9 megadaltons, but located in other regions surrounded by heterogeneous sequences. the 5s rrna gene organization in s. pombe is therefore different from those in other yeasts; saccharomyces cerevisiae and torulopsis utilis. four res ...	1981	6275361
interaction of initiator met-trnarmet (escherichia coli) and gly-trnaigly (staphylococcus epidermidis) with bacterial elongation factor tu:gtp complex.	jekowsky et al. reported recently that elongation factor tu:gtp complex from escherichia coli protected aminoacyl-trna from digestion by pancreatic rnase (i). on the basis of their finding, we have developed the "rnase-resistance assay" for determination of the dissociation constant of aminoacyl-trna from aminoacyl-trna:ef-tu:gtp complex. by the use of this sensitive assay, the dissociation constants were estimated to be 3.6 x 10(-7) m for ala-trna1ala (torulopsis utilis), 7.9 x 10(-8) m for phe ...	1981	7024261
effects of dietary selenium and vitamin e on hepatic mixed-function oxidase activities and in vivo covalent binding of aflatoxin b1 in rats.	male weanling fischer-344 rats were fed a selenium (se)-vitamin e (ve) deficient torula yeast basal diet or that diet supplemented with a graded levels of se (0.2-6.0 ppm as na2seo3) or ve (100 iu/kg as all-rac-2-tocopheryl acetate), or both, for 4 or 6 weeks. se deficiency and excess (6.0 ppm) markedly depressed in vivo covalent binding of aflatoxin (afb1) to macromolecules in livers of rats killed 2 hours after an i.p. dose of 1 mg/kg tritiated afb1. ve supplementation had no effect. prior phe ...	1982	6799626
effect of short-term feeding of sodium selenite on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary carcinogenesis in the rat.	the inhibitory activity of short-term feeding of one of four concentrations of dietary selenium against the induction of mammary gland carcinomas by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (dmba) was studied in female sprague-dawley rats. when 28 days old, the animals were placed on a torula yeast diet formulation which contained, by analysis, either 0.05, 0.15, 1.05, or 2.06 microgram of selenium, as sodium selenite, per g of diet. mammary cancer was induced by a single p.o. administration of either 7.5 ...	1982	6814747
effect of estrogen implants on hepatic lipid deposition in chicks fed different isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets.	two experiments were conducted to determine if differences in response of livers to estradiol administration in male broiler chicks would be observed if fed isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets of different composition. a polymethylsiloxane tube filled with estradiol dipropionate was implanted under the neck skin to ensure a constant release of hormone. different tube sizes were implanted in two- to three-week-old chicks fed a basal corn-soybean meal (cs) diet or a diet containing fish meal, alfa ...	1982	7054466
plasma estradiol, thyroid hormones, and liver lipid content in laying hens fed different isocaloric diets.	two experiments were conducted with laying hens fed a corn-soy basal diet or diets containing fish meal, distillers dried grains with solubles (ddgs) or torula yeast formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous with the basal diet. one half of the hens were kept at a temperature range of 13-24 degrees and the other half at 24-35 degrees for 49 days in experiment 2. liver lipid content was significantly lower in hens fed ddgs (experiment 1) and ddgs or fish meal (experiment 2) than in hens fed ...	1982	7057268
comparative effects of sodium selenite and selenomethionine upon nutritional muscular dystrophy, selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase, and tissue selenium concentrations of turkey poults.	day-old poults from hens depleted of se were fed low-se basal diets (containing corn, soybean meal, and torula yeast but no added vitamin e) with graded levels of se supplied by na2seo3 or seleno-dl-methionine for 28 and 35 days in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. adding .04 ppm se to the basal diet significantly increased body weight and reduced both the incidence of gizzard myopathy and plasma glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (pgot) activity. further plasma se and se-dependent glutathione p ...	1982	7088800
some metabolic interrelationships between toxic levels of cadmium and nontoxic levels of selenium fed to rats.	male rats were fed vitamin e-adequate, torula yeast-based diets for 30 days to assess the influence of dietary selenium (0, 0.1, or 1.0 ppm) on the toxicity of dietary cadmium (0, 30, or 60 ppm). at all selenium levels, increased cadmium intake depressed feed consumption, reduced feed efficiency and lowered body weight gain. in liver, concentrations of cadmium and zinc increased, and iron concentration decreased with increased intake of cadmium. dietary selenium did not affect concentrations of ...	1982	7077426
selenium in the testis of the rat: studies on its regulation and its importance for the organism.	in male rats, fed for 10 weeks on a torula yeast-based, low selenium and low vitamin e diet, the selenium level and the glutathione peroxidase activity in the blood and in several tissues decreased by 50 to 98% compared with animals that received the same basal diet supplemented with 0.25 mg se/kg sodium selenite. in the testes, however, the selenium content did not differ from that of the control animals. despite the low selenium levels in the extragonadal tissues and their increased requiremen ...	1982	7108639
the nucleotide sequence and codon recognition of proline trna from torulopsis utilis.	proline trna from torulopsis (candida) utilis was purified by chromatography on columns of deae-sephadex a-50 at ph 7.6 and 4.0, deae-sephadex a-50 at ph 6.0, and rpc-5 at ph 4.0. this trna was sequenced by combining conventional chromatographic methods with rapid read-out chemical and enzymatic gel sequencing methods. the trna consists of 75 nucleotides and had the following sequence: pg-g-c-cm-g-c-g-u-m1g-g-u-c-psi-a-g-d-g-g-d-a-u-g-a-u-a-c-u-c-g-c-u-u-n-g-g-m1g -psi-g-psi-g-a-g-u-g-m7g-d-m5c- ...	1982	6920386
a modified nucleoside located in the anticodon of proline trna from torulopsis utilis is 5-carbamoylmethyluridine.	a modified nucleoside has been isolated from the first position of the anticodon of torulopsis utilis trnapro. it was identified to be an uridine derivative, 5-carbamoylmethyluridine from analyses of its uv, 1h-nmr, and secondary ion mass spectra.	1983	6686673
factors influencing the antitumorigenic properties of selenium in mice.	sodium selenite (na2seo3) was administered at 2.0 micrograms selenium (se) to swiss icr mice six times over a 9-day period by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection or by gastric gavage. survival time was significantly increased in ehrlich ascites tumor (eat)-bearing mice by 170 and 20%, respectively, compared to controls. in two separate studies, 5.0 micrograms se as na2seo3 or selenodiglutathione (gssesg) administered i.p. was more effective in inhibiting eat propagation in mice than either untreate ...	1983	6631533
tolerance of diets deficient or excessive in selenium by syrian hamsters.	syrian hamsters were fed torula yeast (ty) diets with 8 selenium (se) supplement levels (0.0-10.0 ppm se as sodium selenite) or casein (c) diets with 5 supplement levels (0.0-5.0 ppm se as sodium selenite) for 25 weeks. whole blood se, plasma glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px) activity and erythrocyte gsh-px activity were measured after 5, 10, 15 and 25 weeks. at 25 weeks hematology was examined and tissue samples analyzed for se and evaluated for histopathological lesions. while survival was not i ...	1983	6847126
roles of selenium and sulfur-containing amino acids in protection against oxygen toxicity.	tolerance and adaptation to hyperoxia have been correlated with increases in antioxidant enzymes. this study evaluated whether selenium deficiency would prevent an increase in glutathione peroxidase (gshpx), a selenium-containing enzyme, during oxygen exposure, and, thus, inhibit adaptation. because the torula yeast-based diet, which was used to produce selenium deficiency, was also deficient in cysteine and methionine, the effects of these deficiencies were also evaluated. when rats were expose ...	1983	6876743
toxic effects of dietary selenium in the syrian hamster.	selenium (se) toxicity and utilization was evaluated in hamsters fed casein- and torula yeast-based diets. 4-week-old hamsters received semipurified diets for 21 days. in experiment i diets were supplemented with either 0.25, 10, 20, 40 or 80 ppm se as sodium selenite (ss) and in experiment ii diets were supplemented with 0.1, 5.0 or 10.0 ppm as ss or selenomethionine (sm). blood and tissue se concentrations and glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px) activity were measured at the termination of the fee ...	1983	6881915
laboratory model with chicks for assay of nutritional factors affecting hepatic lipid accumulation in laying hens.	a laboratory model with chicks is described that is suggested as an assay for dietary factors affecting liver lipid accumulation in laying hens. the model utilizes growing white leghorn male chicks injected with estrogen. diets to be tested were fed ad libitum for 4 days following 2 days starvation. liver lipid deposition was increased with increasing level of estradiol injected. lipid deposition in livers of estrogenized chicks fed a diet containing fish meal, alfalfa meal, and torula yeast (fa ...	1983	6828406
bioavailability to rats of selenium in various tuna and wheat products.	bioavailability of selenium (se) in tuna and wheat at various stages of processing was studied in rats. the protein source of the rat diets was torula yeast with se supplied by either raw, precooked or canned tuna, or whole wheat flour, whole wheat bread or bran. sodium selenite was used as the standard. each se source was fed at three levels: 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 ppm. by using increase in glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px) activity in liver, kidney and whole blood as an indicator of bioavailability ...	1983	6296340
effect of selenium on performance, serum selenium concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity in pigs.	pigs from sows fed a diet deficient in se and low in vitamin e were fed a torula yeast diet supplemented with 100 iu dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate/kg of diet. dietary treatments were levels of supplemental se of 0, .025, .050, .075 or .100 ppm. some death loss occurred in pigs receiving no supplemental se at approximately 5 wk of age. autopsy revealed liver and heart lesions typical of vitamin e-se deficiency. selenium supplement had no significant effect on average daily gain, feed intake or gain ...	1984	6706871
effect of fractions of fish meal and hepatic lipid deposition in estrogenized chicks.	three experiments were conducted for the purpose of determining the effect of feeding isoenergetic diets with and without fish meal or its fractions on hepatic lipid deposition in estrogenized chicks. the chicks were fasted for 48 hr before being fed the experimental diets and were injected with estradiol three times during the experiment. after 4 days, hepatic lipid content was determined. in the first experiment, the quantity of hepatic lipid deposited per unit of liver and per 100 g body weig ...	1984	6728789