Publications

transit of a meal through the stomach, small intestine, and colon in normal subjects and its role in the pathogenesis of diarrhea.	a method for measuring the transit time of a meal, containing sausages, mashed potato, baked beans, and a pineapple custard dessert, through the gastrointestinal tract was evaluated in 14 healthy volunteers. gastric emptying was determined by incorporating a radioactive marker in the meal and counting over the surface of the stomach using a crystal scintillation detector. small intestinal transit time was determined by measuring breath hydrogen excretion and by estimating the radioactivity over ...	1980	7439633
gas-liquid chromatographic determination of bromacil residues.	a simple, fast, and accurate method has been developed to determine residues of bromacil (5-bromo-3-sec-butyl-t-methyluracil) herbicide. following sample extraction, filtration, and concentration, the herbicide is determined using a gas chromatograph equipped with a thermionic nitrogen/phosphorus detector. the method has been used to recover 0.04 ppm bromacil added to citrus, pineapple, soil, and water, and 0.1 ppm bromacil added to alfalfa hay.	1980	7380790
of pillows and pineapple juice.		1981	6910343
chemical debridement of burns: mercaptans.	experiments were conducted using non-enzymatic chemical agents (with emphasis on certain mercaptans), alone, in conjunction with enzymatic agents and/or other nonenzymatic chemicals for debridement of burns. both in vitro (rats, pigs, humans) and in vivo (rats, pigs) tests were carried out. n-acetylcysteine, penicillamine and cysteine ethyl ester in low to moderate concentrations accelerate the debriding action of bromelain (an enzymatic preparation from pineapple stems) and in higher concentrat ...	1981	7265335
study of lung flukes from philippines: --a preliminary report.	in this paper taxonomic study on paragonimus including their metacercariae obtained from the crabs collected from sorsogon, luzon, philippines and adult worms and ova obtained through animal feeding, with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed that there may exist two or more species of lung flukes in philippines. the occurrence of semisulcospira libertina in addition to antemelania dactylus (lea) as an additional snail host is mentioned for the first time. the chromosome kar ...	1982	7100903
mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and reproductive effects of dibromochloropropane (dbcp).	dibromochloropropane (dbcp), a brominated organochlorine nematocide, has been used since the mid-1950s. its primary value was its effectiveness on perennial crops without damaging the plants. dbcp also had less acute toxicity than earlier soil fumigants such as ethylene dibromide. dbcp became widely used on citrus, grapes, peaches, pineapple, soybeans and tomatoes. in central america and israel, banana trees were treated with dbcp. by 1975, 25 million pounds were being produced in the u.s. per y ...	1983	6888412
diurnal variations in leaf fluorescence induction kinetics: variable fluorescence in crassulacean acid metabolism plants.	the variable fluorescence of leaves from kalanchoë daigremontiana and pineapple, ananas comosus, both cam plants, was found to change over a 24-hour cycle and to exhibit high temperature-dependent maxima during the night period. the time course of the induced fluorescence was correlated with malic acid accumulation but not with other aspects of cam such as with the nature of the decarboxylation pathway or with stomatal movements. the variable fluorescences of sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) and ...	1983	16663024
reproductive hazards in the workplace. development of epidemiologic research.	application of the techniques of epidemiology and clinical toxicology has accelerated study of the reproductive effects of toxic chemical and physical exposures in the workplace. three examples of work in progress are included in the present communication. the first concerns 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, a known cause of male sterility, which continues to be used as a nematocide in hawaii. occupational exposures of hawaiian agricultural workers to airborne 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane are mainly i ...	1983	6648424
natural family planning works in a bukidnon town.	natural family planning is being actively promoted in a pineapple plantation of the philippine packing corporation (ppc) located in northern bukidnon province. prospective acceptors attend 4 seminars which cover sex education and instruction on natural family planning methods. the goal of the program is family life and marriage enrichment rather than family size limitation. thus, there is no target number of acceptors. early acceptors used the basal body temperature method, but this was subseque ...	1983	12265792
isolation of an effective debriding agent from the stems of pineapple plants.	the stem of the pineapple plant contains, in addition to a number of proteases, particularly bromelain, a non-proteolytic component which is responsible for the complete bridement of experimental burns by an "enzymatic dissection" between the viable native and the non-viable denatured burn tissue. with very little scraping, using a tongue depressor, all of the eschar can be removed and a bed suitable for grafting results. this "escharase" has a molecular weight of 45,000 daltons and is a trimer ...	1983	6352539
comparison of activities and properties of pyrophosphate and adenosine triphosphate-dependent phosphofructokinases of black gram (phaseolus mungo) seeds.	both pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase (ppi-pfkase, ec 2.7.1.90) and atpdependent phosphofructokinase (atp-pfkase, ec 2.7. 1.11) were present in dry and germinated black gram seeds. in the absence of fructose-2,6-biphosphate (f2,6bp), the activity of ppi-pfkase expressed as nmol · min(-1) · (pair of cotyledons)(-1) was much lower than that of atp-pfkase in both dry and germinated seeds. however, ppi-pfkase was activated by f2,6bp and its activity reached the same level as atp-pfkase ac ...	1984	23195152
oxygen-18 incorporation into malic acid during nocturnal carbon dioxide fixation in crassulacean acid metabolism plants. a new approach to estimating in vivo carbonic anhydrase activity.	crassulacean acid metabolism (cam) plants fix carbon dioxide at night by the carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate. if co2 fixation is conducted with 13c18o2 , then in the absence of carbonic anhydrase, the malate formed by dark co2 fixation should also contain high levels of carbon-13 and oxygen-18. conversely, if carbonic anhydrase is present and highly active, oxygen exchange between co2 and cellular h2o will occur more rapidly than carboxylation, and the [13c] malate formed will contain littl ...	1984	6427227
tin in foods and the diet.	the diet is the main source of tin intake by man. nearly all the tin in the uk diet is associated with canned food. canned tomatoes, tomato products, pineapple, pears and similar fruits contain the highest concentrations of tin. average dietary tin intakes in the uk are about 3 mg/day and have been falling since 1976.	1984	6537352
dark/light modulation of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase activity in plants from different photosynthetic categories.	ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubpcase) from several plants had substantially greater activity in extracts from lightexposed leaves than dark leaves, even when the extracts were incubated in vitro with saturating hco(3) (-) and mg(2+) concentrations. this occurred in glycine max, lycopersicon esculentum, nicotiana tabacum, panicum bisulcatum, and p. hylaeicum (c(3)); p. maximum (c(4) phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase); p. milioides (c(3)/c(4)); and bromelia pinguin and ananas como ...	1984	16663937
continuous growth kinetics of candida utilis in pineapple cannery effluent.	candida utilis was grown on a pineapple cannery effluent as the sole carbon and energy source in a chemostat at dilution rates between 0.10 and 0.62 h(-1) to determine the growth kinetics. the principal sugars in the effluent were sucrose, glucose, and fructose. the cell yield coefficient on carbohydrate varied with dilution rate and a maximum value of 0.63 was observed at a dilution rate of 0.33 h(-1). the steady-state concentrations of carbohydrate, reducing sugar, and chemical oxygen demand ( ...	1984	18553441
atomic absorption spectrophotometric determination of tin in canned foods, using nitric acid-hydrochloric acid digestion and nitrous oxide-acetylene flame: collaborative study.	twenty-six collaborators participated in a study to evaluate an atomic absorption spectrophotometric (aas) method for the determination of tin in canned foods. the 5 foods evaluated were meat, pineapple juice, tomato paste, evaporated milk, and green beans, each spiked at 2 levels. the concentration range of tin in the samples was 10-450 micrograms/g, and each level was sent as a blind duplicate. statistical treatment of results revealed no laboratory outliers and 6 individual or replicate-total ...	1985	2985534
inhibition of tumour growth in vitro by bromelain, an extract of the pineapple plant (ananas comosus).		1985	17345291
inhibition of tumour growth in vitro by bromelain, an extract of the pineapple plant (ananas comosus).		1985	4095199
serotonin content of foods: effect on urinary excretion of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid.	using a highly specific radioenzymatic assay we determined the serotonin concentration in 80 types of foods. the following fruits had a high serotonin concentration (mean +/- sem) expressed in micrograms/g weight: plantain 30.3 +/- 7.5; pineapple 17.0 +/- 5.1; banana 15.0 +/- 2.4; kiwi fruit 5.8 +/- 0.9; plums 4.7 +/- 0.8; and tomatoes 3.2 +/- 0.6. only nuts in the walnut or hickory family had a high serotonin concentration expressed in micrograms/g weight; butternuts 398 +/- 90; black walnuts 3 ...	1985	2413754
maintenance carbon cycle in crassulacean acid metabolism plant leaves : source and compartmentation of carbon for nocturnal malate synthesis.	the reciprocal relationship between diurnal changes in organic acid and storage carbohydrate was examined in the leaves of three crassulacean acid metabolism plants. it was found that depletion of leaf hexoses at night was sufficient to account quantitatively for increase in malate in ananas comosus but not in sedum telephium or kalanchoë daigremontiana. fructose and to a lesser extent glucose underwent the largest changes. glucose levels in s. telephium leaves oscillated diurnally but were not ...	1985	16664005
neonatal tetanus in maputo, mozambique. part i. hospital incidence and childbirth practices.	the hospital incidence of neonatal tetanus cases in maputo, mozambique, from 1976 to 1982 is presented. after fluctuating between 173 and 254 cases/year in 1976-1978, the incidence has declined to 26 cases in 1982. the seasonal distribution of cases before the decline showed a bimodal pattern. a survey of 175 neonatal tetanus admissions in 1978-79 showed that most mothers delivered at home and many used traditional methods, including placing a variety of substances on the cord. between may 29, 1 ...	1985	3872719
electrophoretic analysis of protoplast, vacuole, and tonoplast vesicle proteins in crassulacean acid metabolism plants.	protoplasts and vacuoles were isolated and purified in large numbers from the cam plants ananas comosus (pineapple) and sedum telephium for protein characterization. vacuoles were further fractionated to yield a tonoplast vesicle preparation. polypeptides of protoplasts, vacuoles, and tonoplast vesicles were compared to whole leaf polypeptides from both plants by one-dimensional sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. approximately 100 vacuole polypeptides could be resolved of ...	1986	16665166
possible involvement of eicosanoids in the pharmacological action of bromelain.	bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme extracted from pineapple plants, was investigated for its capacity to interfere with arachidonic acid metabolism, since prostaglandins and other eicosanoids are well-known to be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. bromelain was tested for its ability to interfere with eicosanoids generation in vivo in two experimentally-induced inflammatory reactions in the rat. also antiplatelet aggregation activity of bromelain was studied in ex vivo rat plate ...	1986	3006709
enzymatic frostbite eschar debridement by bromelain.	bromelain is a plant proteinase derived from the stem of the pineapple plant that has been used successfully to debride the eschar from third-degree burn injuries. its applicability to frostbite eschar removal was extrapolated and investigated. third-degree frostbite lesions were produced on swine using supercooled air as the freezing media, and the resulting eschars were treated with a bromelain preparation. in the initial trial, no debridement other than that of the superficial layers of the e ...	1987	3307553
the effects of fruit juices and fruits on the absorption of iron from a rice meal.	the effects of the chemical composition of fruit juices and fruit on the absorption of iron from a rice (oryza sativa) meal were measured in 234 parous indian women, using the erythrocyte utilization of radioactive fe method. the corrected geometric mean fe absorptions with different juices varied between 0.040 and 0.129, with the variation correlating closely with the ascorbic acid contents of the juices (rs 0.838, p less than 0.01). ascorbic acid was not the only organic acid responsible for t ...	1987	3593665
milk free desserts.	robinson's baby foods have added a new range of milk free desserts, including banana and pineapple treat and summer fruit salad. the desserts can be mixed with water for mothers who need to feed their babies on a milk free diet.	1987	27319541
fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, carbohydrate partitioning, and crassulacean acid metabolism.	fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (f 2,6-p(2)) was detected in the cam species, ananas comosus and bryophyllum tubiflorum, and in c(3)- and cam-mesembryanthemum crystallinum. in both mesembryanthemum tissues, f 2,6-p(2) was located outside the chloroplast. the levels of f 2,6-p(2), malate, starch, or soluble sugars were measured during various periods during the day-night cycle in the leaves of ananas, a species which stores carbohydrate in an extrachloroplastic compartment, and in bryophyllum, a specie ...	1987	16665395
survey of occupational injuries on a large pineapple plantation during the harvesting season.		1987	3570760
sulfur dioxide effects on plants exhibiting crassulacean acid metabolism.	the effects of so(2) on species exhibiting crassulacean acid metabolism (cam) were determined with short term-high concentration 'acute' greenhouse exposures (0.6 to 3.0 microl liter(-1) (ppm) so(2) for 2 and 8 h), and long term-low concentration 'chronic' field exposures (0.35 to 0.90 microl liter(-1) so(2) for 32 to 79 h periodically over 7 to 13 days). in the acute greenhouse exposures, visible injury was observed on opuntia basilaris engelm. & bigel., exposed to 2.0 microl liter(-1) so(2), b ...	1987	15092814
production of pineapple plants in vitro.	in vitro culture of pineapple (ananas comosus) was studied to determine the efficiency of axillary bud culture for rapid propagation of several cultivars. the technique used maximizes the success rate of various steps in the production of pineapple plants. rapid mass multiplication of plantlets started 9 months after explanting with a significant log phase. the number of plantlets obtained from the culture of a single bud by the thirteenth month ranged from 210 to 380 for 'perolera'; 300 to 350 ...	1988	24240410
a carbohydrate epitope expressed uniquely on the cell surface of drosophila neurons is altered in the mutant nac (neurally altered carbohydrate).	antibodies against horseradish peroxidase (anti-hrp) recognize neural specific cell surface antigens in drosophila and other insects. the nature of these antigens was investigated in drosophila and found to include a complex set of developmentally regulated proteins. their common epitope appears to be a carbohydrate that shares features with the sugar moiety of pineapple stem bromelain, a plant glycoprotein whose carbohydrate structure has been determined. a mutation was identified that eliminat ...	1988	2463162
antimetastatic effect of bromelain with or without its proteolytic and anticoagulant activity.	bromelain, a pineapple-derived plant product, added to c57bl/6 mice laboratory chow decreased lung metastasis of lewis lung cancer cells implanted s.c. this antimetastatic potential was demonstrated by both the active and inactive bromelain with or without proteolytic, anticoagulant properties.	1988	3182910
ananain: a novel cysteine proteinase found in pineapple stem.	a previously unknown cysteine proteinase, named ananain, has been isolated from crude commercial pineapple stem bromelain. the purification procedure involved affinity chromatography on sepharose-gly-phe-glycinaldehyde semicarbazone, and cation-exchange chromatography. the relative molecular mass of ananain was very similar to that of bromelain (25,000 and 26,000, respectively), but ananain differed greatly in specificity for hydrolysis of peptide and protein substrates. the new enzyme behaved a ...	1988	3196029
nematode problems affecting agriculture in the philippines.	nematodes are considered major pests on most economic crops in the philippines, particularly on banana, pineapple, citrus, tomato, ramie, and sugarcane. radopholus similis is the most destructive nematode on banana, while meloidogyne spp. are more serious on various vegetable crops such as tomato, okra, and celery and on fiber crops such as ramie. tylenchulus semipenetrans is a problem on citrus and rotylenchulus reniformis on pineapple and some legume crops. hirschmanniella oryzae and aphelench ...	1988	19290204
pineapple nematode research in hawaii: past, present, and future.	the first written record of pineapple in hawaii is from 1813. in 1901 commercial pineapple production started, and in 1924 the experiment station for pineapple research was established. nematode-related problems were recognized in the early 1900s by n. a. cobb. from 1920 to approximately 1945 nematode management in hawaiian pineapple was based on fallowing and crop rotation. during the 1920s and 1930s g. h. godfrey conducted research on pineapple nematode management. in the 1930s and 1940s m. b. ...	1989	19287592
inhibitory activity of cranberry juice on adherence of type 1 and type p fimbriated escherichia coli to eucaryotic cells.	inhibition of bacterial adherence to bladder cells has been assumed to account for the beneficial action ascribed to cranberry juice and cranberry juice cocktail in the prevention of urinary tract infections (a. e. sobota, j. urol. 131:1013-1016, 1984). we have examined the effect of the cocktail and juice on the adherence of escherichia coli expressing surface lectins of defined sugar specificity to yeasts, tissue culture cells, erythrocytes, and mouse peritoneal macrophages. cranberry juice co ...	1989	2653218
stem bromelain: amino acid sequence and implications for weak binding of cystatin.	the amino acid sequence of stem bromelain, the major cysteine proteinase from pineapple stem is described. it shows that the enzyme is a member of the papain superfamily of cysteine proteinases, but is not very closely related to any other known member of this group. the sequence shows mutation or deletion of several residues that have been conserved in cysteine proteinases examined previously, including asn-175 (papain). we suggest that some of these changes have the effect of altering the acti ...	1989	2714443
[food taboos in the northern region of brazil].	a study was carried out into alimentary taboos in two localities (são félix and murumuru) in the county of marabá, state of pará, brazil. ninety families were studied in são félix and thirty-five in murumuru. as regards the feeding taboos found, the most frequent was that prohibiting the simultaneous ingestion of milk and various types of fruit, including especially mango, orange, cashew and pineapple. the ingestion of eggs with fruit was also considered harmful as well as the eating of mammalia ...	1989	2641837
[antiphlogistic effect of bromelaine following third molar removal].	a placebo-controlled double-blind study of 100 patients with impacted and/or dislocated lower wisdom teeth was conducted to examine the tolerance and antiphlogistic efficacy of bromelaine--a mixture of proteolytic enzymes from ananas comosus. treatment was started 1 day prior to third molar surgery with a daily dose of 3 x 80 mg and was continued for a total of 6 days. on the 1st day following surgery, linear measurement (distance: tragus-pogonion) showed swelling to be 7.5% lower under drug tre ...	1989	2700702
soluble sugars as the carbohydrate reserve for cam in pineapple leaves : implications for the role of pyrophosphate:6-phosphofructokinase in glycolysis.	neutral ethanol-soluble sugar pools serve as carbohydrate reserves for crassulacean acid metabolism (cam) in pineapple (ananas comosus (l.) merr.) leaves. levels of neutral soluble sugars and glucans fluctuated reciprocally with concentrations of malic acid. hexose loss from neutral soluble-sugar pools was sufficient to account for malic acid accumulation with about 95% of the required hexose accounted for by turnover of fructose and glucose pools. hexose loss from starch or starch plus lower mo ...	1989	16666775
co(2) and o(2) exchanges in the cam plant ananas comosus (l.) merr: determination of total and malate-decorboxylation-dependent co(2)-assimilation rates; study of light o(2)-uptake.	photosynthesis and light o(2)-uptake of the aerial portion of the cam plant ananas comosus (l.) merr. were studied by co(2) and o(2) gas exchange measurements. the amount of co(2) which was fixed during a complete day-night cycle was equal to the amount of total net o(2) evolved. this finding justifies the assumption that in each time interval of the light period, the difference between the rates of net o(2)-evolution and of net light atmospheric co(2)-uptake give the rates of malate-decarboxyla ...	1989	16666547
[comparative observations of the behavior of ethephon in fruit, coffee and paprika].	after application of flordimex to soft and stone fruit for fruit abscission and acceleration of ripening obvious ethephon residues have been found. therefore, the dose rate has to be restricted to keep the maximum residue limit. the same is true for the use of flordimex for fruit abscission in apples, whereas for yield regulation residues are far below 0.05 mg/kg in apples. a typical feature of the active ingredient is the large quantity of its residues in juice and wine, which is as high as eth ...	1989	2608103
on the pharmacology of bromelain: an update with special regard to animal studies on dose-dependent effects.	bromelain, a standardized complex of proteases from the pineapple plant, is absorbed unchanged from the intestine of animals at a rate of 40%; in animal experiments it was found to have primarily anti-edema, antiinflammatory, and coagulation-inhibiting effects. these effects are due to an enhancement of the serum fibrinolytic activity and inhibition of the fibrinogen synthesis, as well as a direct degradation of fibrin and fibrinogen. bromelain lowers kininogen and bradykinin serum and tissue le ...	1990	2203073
morphology of griseofulvin-resistant isolates of mongolian variant of trichophyton schoenleini.	clinical, experimental and electronmicroscopic observations, and computer-enhanced images were made on 5 patients with tinea favosa resistant to griseofulvin. the pathologic fungus was identified as the mongolian variant of trichophyton schoenleini. the results of physical examinations, routine tests of blood, urine and stool, liver and immunologic function examinations were normal in all of the 5 patients. under scanning electron microscopy, the surface of the spore showed pineapple-like form, ...	1990	2119962
debridement of experimental full-thickness skin burns of rats with enzyme fractions derived from pineapple stem.	a limited in vivo study using 12 rats with full-thickness skin burns injuries was carried out. the animals were treated 24 h postburn with two newly discovered enzyme fractions derived from the stem of the pineapple (ananas comosus). the results indicated that even debridement of the injury could be effected rapidly (within 4 h). although the details of enzyme formulation and clinical application have yet to be established, these findings clearly suggest that two enzyme fractions from pineapple ...	1990	2257064
the cysteine proteinases of the pineapple plant.	the pineapple plant (ananas comosus) was shown to contain at least four distinct cysteine proteinases, which were purified by a procedure involving active-site-directed affinity chromatography. the major proteinase present in extracts of plant stem was stem bromelain, whilst fruit bromelain was the major proteinase in the fruit. two additional cysteine proteinases were detected only in the stem: these were ananain and a previously undescribed enzyme that we have called comosain. stem bromelain, ...	1990	2327970
[antimutagenic activity of vegetable and fruit extracts against in-vitro benzo(a)pyrene].	about 80% of the juices from twenty vegetables and fruits showed antimutagenic activity when tested in the presence of the mutagen and carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene using the ames' salmonella/microsome assay. in a standardized test system juices from raw celeriac, broccoli, red cabbage, carrots, green, peppers, lettuce, asparagus, apricots, red-currants, gooseberries, raspberries, and pineapple showed more than 50% inhibition. leek, kohlrabi, cucumber, zucchini, french beans, fennel leaves, rhubarb, ...	1990	2336853
survey of current distribution of rotylenchulus reniformis in the united states.	the reniform nematode, rotylenchulus reniformis, has been reported from all gulf coast states, arkansas, hawaii, north carolina, and south carolina. experts in 11 states identified the counties or parishes where the nematode is found and provided information regarding associated soil parameters, climate, crops, and crop management. rotylenchulus reniformis has been detected in 187 counties and parishes of the southeastern united states and is most widespread in louisiana, mississippi, alabama, f ...	1990	19287782
correlations of rotylenchulus reniformis population densities with 1,3-dichloropropene dosage rate and pineapple yields.	the relationships between rotylenchulus reniformis population densities and pineapple growth and yield were studied in a small-plot field experiment. increasing rates of handgun-injected 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-d) preplant fumigant from 0 to 337 liters/ha resulted in greater nematode control, faster plant growth, and larger pineapple fruits. rotylenchulus reniformis population densities at 2, 4, 6, and 8 months postplant were correlated with plant size and yield. the shorter the time period fol ...	1990	19287789
alcohol production from pineapple waste.	saccharomyces cerevisiae andzymomonas mobilis were grown on pineapple waste and their alcohol production characteristics compared. the pineapple waste consisted of 19% cellulose, 22% hemi-cellulose, 5% lignin and 53% cell soluble matters but concentration of soluble sugars, which included 5.2% sucrose, 3.1% glucose and 3.4% fructose, was relatively low and pretreatment of the substrate was needed. pretreatment of pineapple waste with cellulase and hemi-cellulase and then fermantation withs. cere ...	1990	24430066
postprandial glucose and insulin responses to various tropical fruits of equivalent carbohydrate content in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.	the plasma glucose and insulin responses were determined in 10 niddm female patients following the ingestion of tropical fruit containing 25 g of carbohydrate. the five tropical fruits were pineapple, mango, banana, durian and rambutan. blood was drawn at 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. the results showed that the glucose-response curves to mango and banana were significantly less than those to rambutan, durian and pineapple (p less than 0.05). only the glucose area after mango ingesti ...	1991	1756683
[effect of non-enzymic glycosylation on reactivity in proteolysis].	the nonenzymic glucation of most proteins occurs only at epsilon-amino groups of lysine residues. hydrolysis catalyzed by bovine trypsin, porcine trypsin and pineapple bromelian were studied using native and glucated proteins as substrates. glucosylated ovalbumin, human serum albumin, gamma-globulin and myoglobin show reduced susceptibility to degradation by trypsin as compared to the nonglucated proteins, apparently by direct modification of lysine residues. trypsin cleaves at substrate arginin ...	1991	1843556
[obtainment of pineapple juice powder by foam-mat drying].	the foam-mat production and stability using pineapple juice concentrate (25, 30 and 40 degrees brix), adding a surfactants mixture and maltodextrin (de 10) as co-adjuvant, stirred in a commercial mixer, was studied. adequate foam formation conditions were as follows: concentrate of 25 degrees brix using surface active agents (sorbac 60-polisorbac 80) 0.285% surface active agent/total solids, hlb = 6, and stirring time, 7 min. the foam was dehydrated in an oven dried with a horizontal air flow ci ...	1991	1811453
influence of fruit and vegetable juices on the endogenous formation of n-nitrosoproline and n-nitrosothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in humans on controlled diets.	water, green pepper, pineapple, tomato, strawberry, carrot, and celery juices were made 46 mg/100 ml in ascorbic acid by the addition of distilled water or ascorbate. the ability of each juice to inhibit endogenous formation of n-nitrosoamino acids (naa) in humans was determined in controlled experiments. sixteen men consumed a standard diet low in nitrate and ascorbic acid for 18 consecutive days. nitrate (5.24 mmol) and l-proline (4.35 mmol) were given orally on days 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 ...	1992	1473234
characterization and structure of pineapple stem inhibitor of cysteine proteinases.	the complete amino acid sequence of the inhibitor of cysteine proteinases from pineapple stem acetone powder was determined. the inhibitor consists of 52 amino acids and is composed of two polypeptide chains (41 and 11 amino acids) linked via disulphide bonds. it differs from already known sequences in one to four amino acids. data from its amino acid sequence analysis clearly show that this inhibitor cannot be a member of the cystatin superfamily. the ki values for papain, bromelain and catheps ...	1992	1515075
asean.	asean is a group of counties encompassing 3 million sq. km with 333 million inhabitants, of whom approximately 65% are literate. the group was formed august 8, 1967, and includes brunei, indonesia, malaysia, the philippines, singapore, and thailand. malay, indonesian, filipino, thai, chinese, and english are spoken by malay, thai, chinese, indian, and other ethnic groups who variously are of the islamic, buddhist, christian, taoist, and hindu faiths. life expectancy is approximately 85 years, wi ...	1992	12178041
diversifying crops: the nicaraguan experiment.	over 1/2 of nicaragua's population lives in the pacific plains where cotton has been grown intensively for 40 years. this single-crop economy has led to massive deforestation, wind and water erosion has affected the soil, and extensive use of pesticides has deposited excessive amounts of ddt in the breast milk of nursing mothers. after the downfall of the somoza dictatorship the subsequent agrarian reform has been hampered by lack of information and training on sustainable methods of farming. th ...	1992	12317702
effect of fabrication, sterilization and mediators--blood compatibility of polyurethanes.	the possible changes in the surface and physical properties of polyether urethane urea (peuu) implants, including their interaction with blood, due to the different preparation methods, sterilization techniques and long term storage in different environmental conditions have been investigated by conducting the studies of mechanical properties, contact angle, platelet adhesion and protein adsorption. considerable variations in the mechanical properties have been observed for the peuu grafts store ...	1992	1573556
nematicide efficacy, root growth, and fruit yield in drip-irrigated pineapple parasitized by rotylenchulus reniformis.	a 3-year field trial near kunia, oahu, hawaii, was conducted to evaluate four nematicide treatments for efficacy against rotylenchulus reniformis in drip-irrigated pineapple (ananas comosus l. (merr.)). the treatments were (a) preplant fumigation with 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-d) (336 liter/ ha) and postplant drip application of fenamiphos (3.4 kg/ha) with restricted irrigation, (b) preplant 1,3-d only, weekly irrigation, (c) 1,3-d fenamiphos, weekly irrigation, and (d) postplant fenamiphos only, ...	1992	19283033
comparison of single- and double-chisel injection methods for the control of rotylenchulus reniformis in pineapple.	the efficacy of 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-d) applied with one or two chisels was determined for control of rotylenchulus reniformis on pineapple. the soil was fumigated with 1,3-d at 157 liters/ha with either a single chisel 46 cm deep or two chisels 41 cm deep in replicated experiments conducted in four commercial fields. soil samples were collected before fumigation and 45 days afterward from three depths and three positions. the three depths were 0-15, 16-30, and 31-45 cm; and the three positi ...	1993	19279838
resistance to heavy metals by some nigerian yeast strains.	the heavy metal resistance of yeasts isolated from sugary substrates such as orange, palm wine and pineapple and identified as saccharomyces carlsbergensis and s. cerevisiae was studied. the yeast isolates were tested against different concentrations of cadmium, copper, manganese, silver and zinc salts ranging from 1 to 20 mmol/l. local yeasts showed resistance to 3-15 mmol/l cadmium, 18-20 copper, 16-20 manganese, 1-9 silver and 16-19 for zinc. the significance of the results is discussed in re ...	1993	8112693
inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric determination of tin in canned food.	various canned foods were digested sequentially with hno3 and hcl, diluted to 100 ml, and filtered, and then tin was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (icp/aes). samples of canned satsuma mandarin, peach, apricot, pineapple, apple juice, mushroom, asparagus, evaporated milk, short-necked clam, spinach, whole tomato, meat, and salmon were evaluated. sample preparations did not require time-consuming dilutions, because icp/aes has wide dynamic range. the standar ...	1993	8286977
[microbial silage production from eviscerated fish].	microbial fish silage was produced from a mixture of several fish species that belong to the shrimp by-catch. they were mixed with molasses, fruits (pineapple and papaya), sorbate and a starter of lactobacillus plantarum atcc8014. process was evaluated by ph, acidity, consistency, exudate liquid, non-protein nitrogen, total volatile bases, microbial and toxicological tests. results indicated that acid production and ph reduction occurs during the first two days of processing, later these values ...	1993	8779624
swaziland.	swaziland is a country of 17,363 sq km with 860,000 inhabitants, of whom 64% are literate. independence was gained on september 6, 1968. the terrain consists of mountains and plateaus, with a climate variously near-temperature, subtropical, and semi-arid. english and siswati are spoken by swazi, zulu, and non-african ethnic groups, who variously hold christian and indigenous beliefs. life expectancy ranges between 53 and 60 years, gdp is $704 million, growing at a rate of 7%. per capita in ...	1993	12178057
sugarcane workers: morbidity and mortality.	sugarcane is, after pineapple, the largest agricultural industry in hawaii. there have been reports that this industry poses certain health hazards. to investigate this possible hazard in hawaii, the relationship of employment on a sugarcane plantation to total mortality, the development of definite coronary heart disease (chd), stroke, cancer, lung cancer and certain risk factors were examined in men of japanese ancestry participating in the honolulu heart program. after 18 years of follow-up, ...	1993	8300403
a prospective randomized study with mineral oil and oral lavage solution for treatment of faecal impaction in children.	faecal impaction with or without encopresis is a very common problem. we performed a randomized, open-label, prospective study to compare the efficacy and acceptability of the treatment of faecal impaction using either mineral oil or pineapple-flavoured isotonic intestinal lavage solution containing polyethylene glycol-3350 (colyte). thirty-six patients over 2 years of age were randomized to receive either mineral oil or flavoured lavage solution. the dose of mineral oil was 2 to 8 tablespoons t ...	1993	8280820
[effect of the addition of tropical fruits--pineapple (ananas comosus) and papaya (carica papaya)--on the production of biological silage from fish].	microbial fish silage was produced from under-utilized fish mixed with juice and waste fruits (pineapple and papaya) at 35 degrees c. six different products were elaborated as following: a: fish muscle with pineapple juice; b: fish muscle with fruit wastes; c: gutted fish with pineapple juice; d: gutted fish with fruit wastes; e: whole fish with pineapple juice; f: whole fish with fruit wastes. process development was evaluated by measuring: ph, acidity, non-protein nitrogen, consistency and exu ...	1993	8779625
chemical ecology of the palm weevilrhynchophorus palmarum (l.) (coleoptera: curculionidae): attraction to host plants and to a male-produced aggregation pheromone.	attraction to host plants by adultrhynchophorus palmarum (l.) palm weevils was studied in the field and in the laboratory. chemical analysis revealed the presence of ethanol and ethyl-acetate in stems of coco palms and in pineapple fruits and of pentane, hexanal, and isopentanol in coco stems. in the olfactometer, the first two compounds and isoamyl-acetate were attractive to the insects and the last three compounds, although not attractive by themselves, increased attractiveness when mixed with ...	1993	24249235
systemic allergic reaction and diarrhoea after pineapple ingestion.	some foods may initiate allergic reactions. anaphylaxis due to mangoes, oranges, nuts and other foods has been reported earlier. we report the clinical and laboratory features of 32 patients who became symptomatic shortly after they had eaten pineapples. seventeen patients were males and 15 females with ages ranging from 5 to 70 years. most of the patients complained of intense itching and urticarial rashes, followed by abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhoea. sixty-eight percent of the patients ...	1993	8511816
purification and some properties of peroxidase isozymes from pineapple stem.	the enzyme peroxidase is widely distributed among the higher plants. isozymes of peroxidase are known to occur in a variety of tissues in a large number of plant species. in this study, peroxidase isozymes were purified from the extract of pineapple stem through successive steps of ammonium sulfate fractionation, cm-sepharose cl-6b chromatographies and deae-sepharose cl-6b chromatographies. by these steps, twelve isozymes of peroxidase were obtained. some properties of the isozymes were studied ...	1993	8490564
pineapple cysteine endopeptidases.		1994	7845232
effect of processing and storage on the ascorbic acid (vitamin c) content of some pineapple varieties grown in the rivers state of nigeria.	ascorbic acid contents of the juice of four different pineapples species grown in the rivers state of nigeria were determined before and after storage of whole pineapple and processing and storage of the juice for two months. ascorbic acid of the fresh juice ranged from 22.5 mg to 33.5 mg/100 g sample. after storage at room temperature (30-32 degrees c) of whole pineapple for two weeks, ascorbic acid was reduced to between 59 and 65 percent of the fresh juice. processing the juice by pasteurisat ...	1994	7716115
measurement of 13co2 in expired air as an index of compliance to a high carbohydrate diet naturally enriched in 13c.	the aim of this study was to determine whether breath 13co2 measurements could be used to assess the compliance to a diet containing carbohydrates naturally enriched in 13c. the study was divided into two periods: period 1 (baseline of 4 days) with low 13c/12c ratio carbohydrates. period 2 (5 days) isocaloric diet with a high 13c/12c ratio (corn, cane sugar, pineapple, millet) carbohydrates. measurements were made of respiratory gas exchange by indirect calorimetry, urinary nitrogen excretion an ...	1994	7812411
purification and characterization of multiple forms of the pineapple-stem-derived cysteine proteinases ananain and comosain.	a mixture of ananain (ec 3.4.22.31) and comosain purified from crude pineapple stem extract was found to contain numerous closely related enzyme forms. chromatographic separation of the major enzyme forms was achieved after treatment of the mixture with thiol-modifying reagents: reversible modification with 2-hydroxyethyl disulphide provided enzyme for kinetic studies, and irreversible alkylation with bromotrifluoroacetone or iodoacetamide gave enzyme for structural analyses by 19f-n.m.r. and el ...	1994	8053898
in vitro effect of vegetable and fruit juices on the mutagenicity of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline, 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline and 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline.	the antimutagenic potencies of the juices of 28 fruits and 34 vegetables commonly consumed in germany were investigated with respect to the mutagenic activities induced by 2-amino-3-methyl[4,5-f]-quinoline (iq), and in part by 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (meiq) or 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (meiqx) in salmonella typhimurium ta98 and ta100. with iq, weak to strong antimutagenic activities were found in 68% of the fruits and 73% of the vegetables that were tested ...	1994	8206443
trypanosoma brucei, t. congolense and t. vivax infections in horses on a farm in kenya.	equines are particularly susceptible to infection with trypanosoma evansi and t. brucei, but rarely is natural t. congolense and t. vivax infection seen in horses. an outbreak of trypanosomosis occurred in a herd of horses used for patrolling the pineapple fields on the del monte farm, thika, kenya initially involving 6 horses. on subsequent screening of the entire group, t. brucei, t. congolense and t. vivax infections were detected in 16 of the 35 horses. the tests used for diagnosis included ...	1994	7941037
kiwi fruit allergy: a new birch pollen-associated food allergy.	to determine the cross-reacting antigens of kiwi fruit and other foods and pollen, we investigated 22 patients allergic to kiwi fruit: 10 with severe systemic reactions and 12 with localized symptoms confined to oral and pharyngeal mucosa (oral allergy syndrome). seven patients with birch pollen allergy who tolerated kiwi fruit were included as a control group.	1994	8027500
bromelain proteinase-f9 augments human lymphocyte-mediated growth-inhibition of various tumor-cells in-vitro.	bromelain, a crude extract from pineapple stem containing various thiol proteases, has previously been suggested for adjuvant therapy of malignant diseases. we hence tested in vitro whether a highly purified bromelain proteinase (f9) would affect the antitumor activity by human peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) against mcf-7 breast cancer, kb squamous carcinoma and sk-mel-28 melanoma cells. the antiproliferative effects by pretreated pbl were determined using the microculture tetrazolium (mtt) ...	1994	21559575
occurrence of pasteuria-like organisms on selected plant-pamsitic nematodes of pineapple in the hawaiian islands.	soils from 320 sites representing diverse undisturbed habitats from five hawaiian islands were assessed for occurrence of pasteuria-like organisms. mean annual rainfall at sites ranged from 125-350 cm, elevation from 69-2,286 m, and annual mean temperature from 12-24 c. seven different natural communities were represented: wet lowland, mesic lowland, wet montane, mesk montane, dry montane, mesic subalpine, and dry alpine. pasteuria spp. in a soil sample was detected by baiting with infective sta ...	1995	19277305
evaluation of ethoprop and tetrathiocarbonate for reniform nematode control in pineapple.	ethoprop and disodium tetrathiocarbonate (ttc) were evaluated as replacements of fenamiphos and 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-d) for control of rotylenchulus reniformis on pineapple in hawaii. treatments were established in a field on the del monte fresh fruit (hawaii) plantation in spring 1991. preplant soil treatments consisted of fumigation with 1,3-d at 226 kg a.i./ha and ttc at 135 kg or 270 kg a.i./ha. postplant nematicides for the 1,3-d treated plots were fenamiphos (3.4 kg a.i./ha trimonthly) ...	1995	19277334
[microbiological quality of street sold fruits in san josé, costa rica].	the sanitary quality of street sold fruits was analyzed during the period from march 1990 thru march 1993 in san jose, costa rica. it looked for the presence of salmonella spp. shigella spp., escherichia coli as well as fecal coliforms in natural refreshments, fruit salads and the fruits most frecuently expended on streets, either in slices as the pineapple (ananas comosus), papaya (carica papaya), non-ripe mangoe (mangifera indica) and watermelon (citrullus vulgaris) and those that can be eaten ...	1995	8729262
[evaluation of biological fish silage in broiler chicken].	biological fish silage was produced from the mixture of three low price fish species. after mixing it with molasse, papaya and pineapple wastes, and lactobacillus plantarum incoculation, the product was stored for seven days, dehydrated and added to several diets of formulated poultry feed as a substitute of fish meal. physical-chemical and microbiological analyses were done to the raw materials and final products. biological tests of acceptability indicated that chicken preferred diets up to 50 ...	1995	8729265
kinetic comparison of peptide: n-glycosidases f and a reveals several differences in substrate specificity.	the initial velocities of hydrolysis of nineteen glycopeptides by peptide: n-glycosidase f and a were determined. substrates were prepared from bovine fetuin, hen ovalbumin, pineapple stem bromelain, bovine fibrin and taka-amylase. from these glycopeptides, several variants with regard to peptide and carbohydrate structure were prepared and derivatized with dabsyl chloride, dansyl chloride or activated resorufin. tyrosine containing glycopeptides were also used without an additional chromophore. ...	1995	7540902
foodborne disease outbreak due to consumption of rancid biscuits.	a foodborne disease outbreak characterized by vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea, involving mostly children was investigated. epidemiological, hospital and laboratory investigations indicated that the disease outbreak was associated with consumption of rancid biscuits abandoned in the street corner in a crowded locality of old city hyderabad. the offensive flavors of rancidity were masked by the strong pineapple flavor used in the biscuits. rancidity of the biscuits was confirmed by high pero ...	1995	7760445
conformational analysis of the xylose-containing n-glycan of pineapple stem bromelain as part of the intact glycoprotein.	the conformational behavior of the n-glycan man alpha 1-6(xyl beta 1-2)man beta 1-4glcnac beta 1-4(fuc alpha 1-3)glcnac beta of stem bromelain as part of the intact glycoprotein was investigated and compared with that of the same n-glycan as part of a bromelain-derived glycopeptide. proton chemical shifts of the glycoprotein n-glycan were determined by 2d hohaha and 2d noesy measurements, making use of the glycopeptide 1h nmr data. during each 2d nmr experiment about 4% of the glycoprotein denat ...	1995	7794934
the influence of flavor and color on drink identification by children and adults.	this study investigated how color and flavor influences drink identification by children and adults. the children ranged in age from 2 to 18 years of age. each subject tasted four drinks that differed in color and flavor. each drink had an atypical color-flavor pairing (e.g., brown-pineapple) or a typical pairing (e.g., brown-chocolate). after tasting each drink, the subject chose which of four flavor names identified the drink. for the atypical drinks, the selection of color-associated names (e ...	1995	7621986
polysaccharide composition of unlignified cell walls of pineapple [ananas comosus (l.) merr.] fruit.	the polysaccharides of cell walls isolated from the fleshy, edible part of the fruit of the monocotyledon pineapple [ananas comosus (l.) merr.] (family bromeliaceae) were analyzed chemically. these cell walls were derived mostly from parenchyma cells and were shown histochemically to be unlignified, but they contained ester-linked ferulic acid. the analyses indicated that the noncellulosic polysaccharide composition of the cell walls was intermediate between that of unlignified cell walls of spe ...	1995	7770529
neutral detergent fibre and pectic substances in pineapple and its derivates: juices and nectars.		1995	8549548
dietary fibre in pineapple fruit.		1995	8549542
[chemical characteristics of the pulp and oil of the annona tree (annona coriaceae)].	belonging to the annonaceae family, marolo (annona coriaceae) is a native species of the brazilian "cerrado" región (minas gerais, goiás and distrito federal) and can be found in south american tropical zones. its fruits are highly consumed by local people and commercialized in markets or street stalls. there is, however, a tendency for the extinction of marolo due to deforestation and the large scale plantation of monocultures instead of native plants. the literature still offers no data on the ...	1995	9382684
primary structure, sequence-specific 1h-nmr assignments and secondary structure in solution of bromelain inhibitor vi from pineapple stem.	one of the bromelain inhibitors, isoinhibitor vi (bi-vi), was purified from pineapple stem powder and its complete amino acid sequence was determined by conventional protein sequencing. these results revealed that the protein consists of an 11-residue light chain and a 41-residue heavy chain, cross-linked to each other by disulfide bonds to form the native inhibitor of 52 residues (m(r) = 5888). the secondary structure of bi-vi was analyzed based on the sequence-specific 1h resonance assignment ...	1995	7556179
from the rotating drum to the pineapple-cancoil kidney: the unpublished history of the twin-coil.		1995	8573012
context effect of common objects on visual processing.	in previous experiments on visual processing it was shown that correct identification of sequentially and simultaneously presented numerals declined as the presentation interval was decreased from 50.0 to 16.7 ms/numeral. to determine how performance was influenced in context, common everyday objects were used in place of the numerals. these objects were grouped into 36 different categories with 4 objects per category. an example of a category was fruit: apple, banana, pear, pineapple. for all e ...	1995	8539008
conformations and internal mobility of a glycopeptide derived from bromelain using molecular dynamics simulations and noesy analysis.	the conformation and internal flexibility of a glycopeptide manalpha1-6 (xylbeta1-2)manbeta1-4glcnacbeta1-4(fucalpha1-3) glcnacbeta1-n(asn-glu-ser-ser), prepared from pineapple stem bromelain, have been analyzed using a combination of molecular dynamics (md) simulations in water with noesy 1h nmr spectroscopy. theoretical noesy cross-peak intensities were calculated by the crosrel program on the basis of models, obtained from md simulations, using a full relaxation matrix approach. special atten ...	1995	7663144
isolation and partial characterization of basic proteinases from stem bromelain.	crude bromelain extracts from pineapple stems (ananas comosus) were fractionated by two-step fplc-cation-exchange chromatography. at least eight basic proteolytically active components were detected. the two main components f4 and f5 together with the most active proteinase fraction f9 were characterized by sds-page, mass spectroscopy, multizonal cathodal electrophoresis, partial amino acid sequence, and monosaccharide composition analysis. f9 amounts to about 2% of the total protein and has a 1 ...	1995	7779262
synthesis and antifungal activity of cinnamic acid esters.	cinnamic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids were isolated from pineapple stems (ananas comosus var. cayenne). twenty-four kinds of esters were prepared from these acids, alcohols and the components of alpinia. isopropyl 4-hydroxycinnamate (11) and butyl 4-hydroxycinnamate (12) were found to have almost the same effectiveness in antifungal activity against pythium sp. at 10 ppm as that of the commercial fungicide iprobenfos (kitazin p).	1996	8704323
solution structure of bromelain inhibitor iv from pineapple stem: structural similarity with bowman-birk trypsin/chymotrypsin inhibitor from soybean.	bromelain inhibitor vi from pineapple stem (bi-vi) is a unique double-chain inhibitor with an 11-residue light chain and a 41-residue heavy chain by disulfide bonds and inhibits the cysteine proteinase bromelain competitively. the structure of bi-vi in aqueous solution was determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and simulated annealing-based calculations. its three-dimensional structure was shown to be composed of two distinct domains, each of which is formed by a three-stranded ...	1996	8611527
acidic catecholamine metabolites and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in urine: the influence of diet.	concentrations of vanillylmandelic acid (vma), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (dopac), homovanillic acid (hva), vanillic acid (va) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-hiaa) in urine from healthy subjects were determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography system with a mixed-mode (c18/anion-exchange) column and an 8-channel electrochemical detector, in order to study the influence of diet, diurnal variation and age. the urinary excretion of 5-hiaa increased significantly after eating banan ...	1996	8929065
oral administration of protease inhibits enterotoxigenic escherichia coli receptor activity in piglet small intestine.	the virulence of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) is attributed to their ability to adhere via fimbrial adhesins to specific receptors located on the intestinal mucosa. a novel approach to preventing etec induced diarrhoea would be to prevent attachment of etec to intestine by proteolytically modifying the receptor attachment sites. this study aimed to examine the effect of bromelain, a proteolytic extract obtained from pineapple stems, on etec receptor activity in porcine small intestine ...	1996	8566855
outbreak of bronchiolitis obliterans associated with consumption of sauropus androgynus in taiwan.	in august, 1995, there was an outbreak in taiwan of rapidly progressive respiratory distress associated with consumption of uncooked sauropus androgynus, a vegetable with a claimed yet unconfirmed effect on weight control. we report on 23 patients with strikingly similar clinical presentations.	1996	8676721