Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| the influence of mycorrhizal symbiosis and fertilizer amendments on establishment of vegetation in heavy metal mine spoil. | biomass production of andropogon gerardii and festuca arundinacea was assessed in mine tailings (chat), a material containing high levels of zinc. the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizer amendments, the addition of an expanded clay material, and mycorrhizal fungi on the revegetation of chat were assessed. plant growth in chat was best with mycorrhizal inoculation combined with nitrogen (either organic or inorganic) and phosphorus fertilization. plant growth was also achieved if the chat ... | 1994 | 15091634 |
| response of fructan to water deficit in growing leaves of tall fescue. | changes in dry matter and water-soluble carbohydrate components, especially fructan, were examined in the basal 25 mm of expanding leaf blades of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) to assess their roles in plant response to water deficit. water was withheld from vegetative plants grown in soil in controlled-environment chambers. as stress progressed, leaf elongation rate decreased sooner in the light period than it did in the dark period. the decrease in growth rate in the dark period was ... | 1994 | 12232332 |
| oviposition and development of face flies in dung from cattle on herbage and supplemented herbage diets. | dung was collected from angus cattle (bos taurus l.) fed (ad libitum) hays of endophyte-free (ef) and endophyte (acremonium coenophialum morgan-jones and gams) infected (ei) tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), smooth bromegrass (bromus inermis leyss.), red clover (trifolium pratense l.), alfalfa (medicago sativa l.), and alfalfa-smooth bromegrass (1:1 w/w) and green-chopped kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l.). samples of dung were subsequently collected from the same animals offered the ... | 1994 | 7886909 |
| evaluation of brassicas in grazing systems for sheep: i. quality of forage and animal performance. | four years of grazing trials were conducted with brassica forages to evaluate their chemical composition and effect on adg of fattening lambs and breeding ewes in late fall. brassicas tested included kales (brassica oleracea l. var. acephala dc), turnips (b. rapa l.), and a chinese cabbage hybrid (b. rapa l. x b. pekinensis [lour.] rupr.). daily gains of lambs varied widely among years (19 to 330 g/d); adg on brassicas were, however, generally higher than on stockpiled kentucky 31 tall fescue (f ... | 1994 | 7928762 |
| epidermal cell division and the coordination of leaf and tiller development. | initiation and development of grass leaves and tillers are often described individually with little attention to possible interrelationships among organs. in order to better understand these interrelationships, this research examined epidermal cell division during developmental transitions at the apical meristem of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.). ten seedlings were harvested each day for a 9-d period, and lengths of main shoot leaves and primary tillers were measured. in addition, num ... | 1994 | 19700457 |
| nitrogen use within the growing leaf blade of tall fescue. | leaf elongation rate (ler) of grasses depends on n supply and is expressed mostly through cell production, whereas most n in mature leaf tissues is chloroplastic. our objective was to evaluate a possible competition for n between cell production and chloroplast development processes, utilizing the gradient of cell development along the leaf growth zone of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.). under the two contrasting n regimes, total n content was highest in the cell production zone, decli ... | 1994 | 12232198 |
| ergovaline and peramine production in endophyte-infected tall fescue: independent regulation and effects of plant and endophyte genotype. | peramine and ergovaline have ecological and economical significance because they possess insect and/or mammalian toxicity properties. the relationship between these endophytically derived alkaloids in tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) is unknown. seasonal and plant tissue effects on the concentration of peramine and ergovaline was investigated in field and greenhouse experiments. the relationship between the alkaloids and the regulatory effects of endophyte and plant on their content wer ... | 1994 | 24242799 |
| phylogeny of tall fescue and related species using rflps. | the wild species of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea var.genuina schreb.) represent a wide range of genetic variation and constitute potential germplasm for tall fescue improvement. our objective was to evaluate genome specificity of the previously-identified dna probes and to examine the phylogenetic relationship of tall fescue with six related species by using rflp data. a total of 29 dna probes from apsti-genomic library of tall fescue were hybridized toecori-orhindiii-digested dna of 32 plan ... | 1994 | 24186163 |
| asymmetric somatic hybridization between tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) and irradiated italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam.) protoplasts. | intergeneric asymmetric somatic hybrids have been obtained by the fusion of metabolically inactivated protoplasts from embryogenic suspension cultures offestuca arundinacea (recipient) and protoplasts from a non-morphogenic cell suspension oflolium multiflorum (donor) irradiated with 10, 25, 50, 100, 250 and 500 gy of x-rays. regenerating calli led to the recovery of genotypically and phenotypically different asymmetric somatic hybridfestulolium plants. the genome composition of the asymmetric s ... | 1994 | 24186103 |
| evolutionary diversification of fungal endophytes of tall fescue grass by hybridization with epichloë species. | the mutualistic associations of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) with seed-borne fungal symbionts (endophytes) are important for fitness of the grass host and its survival under biotic and abiotic stress. the tall fescue endophytes are asexual relatives of biological species (mating populations) of genus epichloë (clavicipitaceae), sexual fungi that cause grass choke disease. isozyme studies have suggested considerable genetic diversity among endophytes of tall fescue. phylogenetic relationship ... | 1994 | 8172623 |
| promoting late-fall establishment of tall fescue with artificial soil covers to minimise soil erosion. | frequently, turfgrass seedings have been sown in the late fall, which usually results in a poor vegetative stand and the possibility of soil erosion the following spring. this study evaluates the effects of a spun-bonded polyester soil cover placed over a late-fall seeding on subsequent seedling growth and overwintering. clemfine, mustang, rebel, and rebel ii cultivars of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) were sown on a silt loam soil in late fall (on 17 october in 1989 and 19 october in ... | 1994 | 24198171 |
| genome mapping of polyploid tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) with rflp markers. | genetic mapping using molecular markers such as restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) has become a powerful tool for plant geneticists and breeders. like many economically important polyploid plant species, detailed genetic studies of hexaploid tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) are complicated, and no genetic map has been established. we report here the first tall fescue genetic map. this map was generated from an f2 population of hd28-56 by 'kentucky-31' and contains 108 rfl ... | 1995 | 24169982 |
| bioextraction of soil boron by tall fescue. | high concentrations of soil b are detrimental to crop productivity in certain arid and semiarid regions of the western united states. production of tall fescue on b-affected soils may be a viable strategy to reduce and maintain soil b concentrations at nontoxic levels for most agronomic crops. a 2-year field experiment was conducted to study b uptake in tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) schreb. cv. au triumph grown in soil containing potentially toxic levels of native soil b. the soil b concentr ... | 1995 | 8521775 |
| fructosyltransferase activities in the leaf growth zone of tall fescue. | high concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrates, mainly fructan, accumulate in the growth zone of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) leaf blades. we studied sucrose-hydrolyzing activities in the leaf growth zone because of their importance in carbohydrate partitioning. sucrose hydrolysis in the basal 1.5 cm was largely due to fructosyltransferases, which had activities up to 10 times higher than in fully developed leaf tissue. three fructosyltransferases (f1, f2, and f3) were purified ... | 1995 | 12228445 |
| role of expanded clay and porous ceramic amendments on plant establishment in minespoils. | greenhouse experiments were conducted to examine the impact of expanded clay (turface) or porous ceramic (isolite) amendments on germination, biomass production, plant zn concentration, and zn accumulation by festuca arundinacea grown in mine tailings. because previous studies have demonstrated that fertilization is essential for plant growth in these tailings, manure was also added to the tailings. plant growth and germination were greatest if the expanded clay was added topically to the tailin ... | 1995 | 15091556 |
| supplemental protein and energy for beef cows consuming endophyte-infected tall fescue. | effects of energy and protein supplementation of endophyte (acremonium coenophialum)-infected (e+) and noninfected (e-) tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) on forage intake, digestibility, n flow to the small intestine, and cow-calf productivity was evaluated in two experiments. in exp. 1, 10 ruminally and duodenally cannulated steers were fed either e- or e+ hay with four supplements or e- or e+ hay unsupplemented. four supplements formulated with either cracked corn or soybean hulls with ... | 1995 | 8586603 |
| acremonium in fescue and ryegrass: boon or bane? a review. | acremonium coenophialum morgan-jones and gams, an endophytic fungus commonly found in tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), has been identified as the cause of poor performance of beef cattle and horses on tall fescue. ryegrass staggers, a neurological disorder of sheep, has been linked to the presence of a similar fungus, a. lolii latch, christensen and samuels, in perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.). renovation of endophyte-infected (e+) pastures with endophyte-free (e-) cultivars of t ... | 1995 | 7608023 |
| growth and subsequent feedlot performance of estradiol-implanted vs nonimplanted steers grazing fall-accumulated endophyte-infested or low-endophyte tall fescue. | a growing-finishing study using angus steer calves was conducted in three phases: 1) grazing stockpiled 'kentucky-31' tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) with high (65%; he ky-31) and low (0%; le ky-31) infestation rates of acremonium coenophialum morgan-jones and gams and 'kenhy' and 'johnstone' tall fescue with low (< 1%) infestation rate of acremonium coenophialum from october 24 to december 19; 2) drylot feeding of johnstone and he ky-31 haylage (december 19 to april 10); and 3) feedlo ... | 1995 | 7673051 |
| forage systems for beef production from conception to slaughter: iii. finishing systems. | fall-weaned angus calves grazed or were fed different forages during winter followed by 1) n-fertilized tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) grazed alone, 2) bluegrass (poa pratensis l.)-white clover (trifolium repens l.) sequence grazed with tall fescue-red clover (trifolium pratense l.), or 3) bluegrass-white clover sequence grazed with alfalfa (medicago sativa l.)-orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.). heifers were supplemented with grain at 1% of bw from april until slaughter in july. on ... | 1996 | 8707721 |
| effects of environmental heat and intake of tall fescue seed infested with acremonium coenophialum on the acid-base status of young bulls. | effects of high environmental temperature and dietary intake of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) seed containing the endophyte acremonium coenophialum on bovine acid-base status were studied using 3 groups of bull calves (2 simmental, 1 angus). experimental animals were housed in controlled-climate chambers and subjected to gradual increases in environmental temperature, first while being fed an endophyte-free diet and then while being fed a diet containing 17% endophyte-infested fescue seed. m ... | 1996 | 8744746 |
| assessment of the mitogenic potential of the alkaloids produced by endophyte (acremonium coenophialum)-infected tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) on bovine vascular smooth muscle in vitro. | the objective of these experiments was to test the hypothesis that the major alkaloid classes found in endophyte-infected tall fescue could act as growth promoters for vascular smooth muscle. bovine vascular smooth muscle cells (vsmc) from the dorsal metatarsal artery were grown in vitro and exposed to five concentrations (10(-6), 10(-8), 10(-9), 10(-11) and 0 m) of ergonovine, alpha-ergocryptine, ergovaline, and n-acetyl loline for 48 h. the mitogenic potential of the alkaloids was tested on bo ... | 1996 | 8818813 |
| screening for stable transformants and stability of β-glucuronidase gene expression in suspension cultured cells of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea). | by screening cell colonies derived from protoplasts of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea), transformed with a rice actin-1-promoter-ß-glucuronidase gene construct, several ß-glucuronidase positive callus clones were obtained. two callus clones with different gus expression were derived from these. one was light blue after x-gluc staining, and expression of the ß-glucuronidase gene was stable over repeated subculture, while another stained intensely blue, and expression of the ß-glucuronidase gene ... | 1996 | 24178212 |
| bioextraction of selenium by forage and selected field legume species in selenium-laden soils under minimal field management conditions. | a forage plant, tall fescue (festuca arundinacea), and a selected field legume species, sour clover (melilotus indica), were examined for their selenium (se) bioextraction abilities in se-laden soils under minimal management conditions. natural vegetations in a 2-acre plot adjacent to the forage plots were also studied for se accumulation comparisons. during the dry season, in the fall of 1994, the field plots were either irrigated weekly or without irrigation. no fertilization and weed control ... | 1996 | 8812192 |
| tnt and 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene influence on germination and early seedling development of tall fescue. | cost-effective and environmentally acceptable methods are needed to remediate munitions-contaminated soil. some perennial grass species are tolerant of soil contaminants and may promote remediation because of their high water use and extensive fibrous root systems. the effects of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) and its reduction product, 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4adnt), on germination and early seedling development of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) were determined. tall fescue seeds we ... | 1996 | 15091369 |
| physical mapping of ribosomal dna sites in festuca arundinacea and related species by in situ hybridization. | the positions of the 18s-5.8s-26s and 5s rrna genes have been physically mapped on the chromosomes of diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid festuca species by in situ hybridization. the number and position of the rdna sites in the species were compared. the results confirm some of the earlier phylogenetic studies of these species but suggest that some structural rearrangements have occurred and that sites have been lost during polyploidization. | 1997 | 18464836 |
| digestibility, apparent mineral absorption, and voluntary intake by horses fed alfalfa, tall fescue, and caucasian bluestem. | alfalfa (medicago sativa l.), low-endophyte (< 5%) tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), and caucasian bluestem (bothriochloa caucasica [trin.] c.e. hubbard) were fed as chopped hay to six arabian geldings (bw 441 kg; se 2) in intake and digestibility experiments to determine nutritional value for horses at maintenance. each experimental design was a replicated latin square. alfalfa was higher in dm and cp digestibility, ivdmd, apparent absorption of ca, k, and s, and voluntary intake than ... | 1997 | 9250529 |
| o-feruloylated, o-acetylated oligosaccharides as side-chains of grass xylans. | partial acid hydrolysis of cell wall material from festuca arundinacea cell cultures yielded a novel o-feruloylated trisaccharide (3). treatment of 3 with driselase, which contains beta- but not alpha-d-xylosidase, released xylose plus the known compound, beta-d-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-(5-o-feruloyl)-l-arabinose. since 3 contained one naio4-resistant xylose residue, it was concluded to be beta-d-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-d-xylopyranosyl-(1--> 2)-(5-o-feruloyl)-l-arabinose. partial acid hydrolysis ... | 1997 | 9055447 |
| performance and digestion by steers grazing tall fescue and supplemented with energy and protein. | we studied the effects of different levels of protein and energy supplementation on bw gains and sites of nutrient digestion in steers grazing the primary growth of endophyte-infected tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb cv. kentucky 31). angus steers (n = 168; mean bw = 246.8 +/- 15.0 kg) grazed tall fescue without supplementation (c) or were supplemented with 1.4 kg/d of cracked corn (cc1), 1.4 kg/d of corn gluten feed (cgf1), 2.8 kg/d of cc (cc2), 2.8 kg/d of cgf (cgf2), or .7 kg/d of corn ... | 1998 | 9655590 |
| oral and parenteral vaccination of mice with protein-ergotamine conjugates and evaluation of protection against fescue toxicosis. | acremonium coenophialum produces ergopeptide alkaloids in tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.). these ergot alkaloids decrease serum alkaline phosphatase (alp) activity, serum cholesterol and prolactin concentrations, as well as average daily gains (adg) in cattle. the objective of this study was to evaluate the protection of anti-ergotamine antibodies induced by either oral or parenteral vaccination with protein-ergotamine conjugates or passive vaccination with anti-ergovaline, monoclonal ... | 1998 | 9613443 |
| endophytic fungal toxin effect on adrenergic receptors in lateral saphenous veins (cranial branch) of cattle grazing tall fescue. | the objective of this research was to characterize the adrenergic receptor response in veins of cattle that grazed tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), with (e+) and without (e-) fungal endophyte (neotyphodium coenophialum) infection. measurement of contractile response of lateral saphenous veins to selective adrenergic receptor agonists (alphal, phenylephrine; alpha2, bht-920) revealed enhanced reactivity (greater contractile response) only for the alpha2 adrenergic receptor in e+ pasture ... | 1998 | 9856395 |
| monocyte immune cell response and copper status in beef steers that grazed endophyte-infected tall fescue. | a 3-yr study was conducted to evaluate immune response and cu status of yearling beef steers as a consequence of grazing tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) infected (e+) with the endophyte fungus neotyphodium coenophialum ([morgan-jones and gams] glenn, bacon, and hanlin). during a preliminary study in 1994, 24 weanling angus and angus x hereford steers were blocked by breed and weight (initial bw 271 kg; sd 25) and were randomized to e+ and low endophyte (e-) fescue in pastures at glade ... | 1998 | 9814911 |
| influence of neotyphodium coenophialum on copper concentration in tall fescue. | poor performance of livestock that graze tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) has been associated with the endophyte fungus neotyphodium coenophialum [morgan-jones and gams] glenn, bacon, and hanlin). recent evidence suggests lowered cu status and a depression of cu-related immune function in steers that graze endophyte-infected (e+) tall fescue. greenhouse and field studies investigated relationships between the endophyte and cu concentrations in tall fescue. seventeen infected 'kenhy' clo ... | 1998 | 9814910 |
| ammoniation to reduce the toxicity of endophyte-infected tall fescue seed fed to rats. | to assess the efficacy of ammoniation in the detoxification of endophyte-infected tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), 40 male harlan sprague-dawley rats were randomly assigned to the following four treatments for 28 d: endophyte-free (e-), endophyte-infected (e+), ammoniated (2% dry matter basis, 7 d) endophyte-free (ae-), and ammoniated endophyte-infected (ae+) tall fescue seed. total pyrrolizidine alkaloid (n-acetyl and n-formyl loline) and ergovaline contents of endophyte-infected fesc ... | 1998 | 9530532 |
| ammoniation to reduce the toxicity of endophyte-infected tall fescue seed fed to rats. | to assess the efficacy of ammoniation in the detoxification of endophyte-infected tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb), 40 male harlan sprague-dawley rats were randomly assigned to the following four treatments for 28 d: endophyte-free (e-), endophyte-infected (e+), ammoniated (2% dry matter basis, 7 d) endophyte-free (ae-), and ammoniated endophyte-infected (ae+) tall fescue seed. total pyrrolizidine alkaloid (n-acetyl and n-formyl loline) and ergovaline contents of endophyte-infected fescu ... | 1998 | 9706467 |
| mortality of horn fly (diptera: muscidae) larvae in bovine dung supplemented with loline alkaloids from tall fescue. | larvae of arthropod ectoparasites of livestock, such as the horn fly, haematobia irritans (l.), may be exposed to acyl-loline alkaloids in dung of ruminant livestock ingesting herbage of the tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.)-endophyte association [neotyphodium coenophialum (morgan-jones & w. gams) glenn, bacon & hanlin comb. nov.]. biological activity of alkaloid-supplemented bovine dung was assayed by growth, development, and survival of 1st instars of horn fly. an extract from tall fes ... | 1998 | 9775611 |
| mortality of horn fly larvae (diptera: muscidae) in bovine dung supplemented with ergotamine and n-formyl loline. | dung-dwelling larvae of ectoparasites of livestock such as the horn fly, hematobia irritans (l.), may be exposed to > or = 1 different alkaloid species in dung from animals ingesting herbage of the tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.)--endophyte association (neotyphodium coenophialum (morgan-jones & w. gams) glenn, bacon & hanlin comb. nov.). first-instar horn flies were exposed to bovine dung supplemented with up to 50 microm each of n-formyl loline and ergotamine tartrate in factorial com ... | 1999 | 10071496 |
| variation in ruminants' preference for tall fescue hays cut either at sundown or at sunup. | plants vary diurnally in concentrations of nonstructural carbohydrates. if ruminants prefer forages with higher total nonstructural carbohydrates (tnc), then the preference for hays harvested within the same 24-h period may vary. an established field of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) was harvested six times in the vegetative stage. harvests were paired such that each cutting at sundown (pm) was followed by a cutting the next morning at sunup (am). we harvested in this manner three tim ... | 1999 | 10229375 |
| interactions in sheep between tall fescue ergot alkaloids and hepatotoxic carbon tetrachloride and senecio pyrrolizidine alkaloids. | the interaction between ergot alkaloids in endophyte-infected (e+) tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) seed and pyrrolizidine alkaloids (pa) in tansy ragwort (tr; senecio jacobaea) when simultaneously fed to sheep was investigated. because of the hepatogenic effects of prolactin (prl), it was hypothesized that low serum prl induced by ergot alkaloids would increase the susceptibility of sheep to hepatotoxicity induced by pa. sheep are normally resistant to pa-induced hepatotoxicity. twenty-four we ... | 1999 | 10349699 |
| alterations in bovine serum biochemistry profiles associated with prolonged consumption of endophyte-infected tall fescue. | tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) is a forage grass that is widely used in pastures in the eastern us for cattle, sheep and horses. the endophytic fungus neotyphodium coenophialum is endemic in tall fescue pastures in the us. the turfgrass industry intentionally infects fescue cultivars with strains of the fungus to impart desirable growth and disease tolerance qualities to the plants. in contrast, ergot and pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxins produced by fungus-infected plants have been incriminated ... | 1999 | 10349700 |
| behavior of steers grazing monocultures and binary mixtures of alfalfa and tall fescue. | spectral analysis was used to relate dietary quality and herbage species to the behavior of grazing steers. four .3-ha paddocks were established with either 'au-triumph' tall fescue (f; festuca arundinacea schreb.), 'apollo' alfalfa (a; medicago sativa l.), 1/3 fescue and 2/3 alfalfa (2/3a), or 2/3 fescue and 1/3 alfalfa (1/3a). each paddock was stocked with 10 to 16 steers and defoliated in 5 d. three steers on each paddock carried vibracorders to monitor grazing time. daily forage samples were ... | 1999 | 10375218 |
| increased responsiveness to intravenous lipopolysaccharide challenge in steers grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue compared with steers grazing endophyte-free tall fescue. | fescue toxicosis in cattle occurs as a result of consumption of ergot alkaloids in endophyte-infected (e+, neotyphodium coenophialum) tall fescue (festuca arundinacea). the condition is characterized by pyrexia, decreased weight gains, rough hair coats, and decreased calving rates. the objective of this experiment was to investigate whether steers grazing e+ fescue have altered host response to lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin, lps) challenge compared with steers grazing endophyte-free (e-) fescue. ... | 1999 | 10556770 |
| biological control of bipolaris sorokiniana on tall fescue by stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain c3. | abstract stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain c3 was evaluated for control of leaf spot on tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) caused by bipolaris sorokiniana. in growth chamber experiments, c3 inhibited conidial germination on leaf surfaces and reduced lesion frequency and percent diseased leaf area compared with nontreated controls. the amount of leaf spot suppression was related to the c3 dose applied. the highest dose tested, 10(9) cfu/ml, prevented nearly all b. sorokiniana conidia from germin ... | 1999 | 18944711 |
| relative competitive abilities and growth characteristics of a narrowly endemic and a geographically widespread solidago species (asteraceae). | relative competitive ability and growth characteristics of the narrow endemic solidago shortii were compared to those of the geographically widespread s. altissima. competition and growth studies were conducted over the entire growing season in an ambient-temperature greenhouse, using a 3:1 (v/v) native limestone soil/river sand mixture. results from a de wit replacement series experiment (relative yield, relative yield total, plant height, aggressivity values) with s. shortii, s. altissima, and ... | 1999 | 10371724 |
| biosynthetic origin and longevity in vivo of alpha-d-mannopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-alpha-d-glucuronopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-myo-inositol, an unusual extracellular oligosaccharide produced by cultured rose cells | a non-reducing trisaccharide, alpha-d-mannopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-alpha-d-glucuronopyranosyl-(1 --> 2)-myo-inositol (mgi) accumulated in the spent medium of cell-suspension cultures of 'paul's scarlet' rose (rosa sp.) predominantly during the period of rapid cell growth. this trisaccharide was also produced by cultures of sycamore (acer pseudoplatanus l.) but not by those of the graminaceous monocots maize (zea mays l.) and tall fescue grass (festuca arundinacea schreb.). when added to cultured ros ... | 1999 | 10592043 |
| effects of water stress on selenium accumulation in tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb) from a selenium-contaminated soil. | a greenhouse experiment was conducted evaluating the effects of water stress on uptake and accumulation of selenium (se) as well as on uptake of calcium (ca), potassium (k), and magnesium (mg) in tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb). also, this study has documented changes in soil se inventory of se-contaminated field soil. the findings of this experiment suggest that low soil moisture and plant water stress had a positive effect on plant tissue se concentration. however, the negative effect ... | 2000 | 10556368 |
| effect of phenolic structures on the degradability of cell walls isolated from newly extended apical internode of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.). | apical internodes of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb. var. clarine) harvested at flowering were sectioned into 5 or 10 equal parts to study in situ degradability and cell wall composition, respectively. the basal (youngest) section had the greatest primary wall content. cell walls in the upper (older) sections had the highest xylose/arabinose ratio and lignin content and a lignin rich in syringyl units, all typical of extensive secondary wall development. almost all of the p-coumaric (p- ... | 2000 | 10725124 |
| a simple method to determine leaf angles of grass species. | there are several very accurate methods to determine leaf angles in closed canopies. however, these are generally very time-consuming or require special equipment. average canopy leaf angles were derived from simple height and blade length measurements. an exponential relationship between the height/length ratio and the average blade leaf angle was used. the method was tested for two grass species, dactylis glomerata and festuca arundinacea, grown under different uv-b levels. the results clearly ... | 2000 | 10944161 |
| forage systems for production of stocker steers in the upper south. | the southern states produce large numbers of beef calves that are generally weaned and sold in autumn. keeping calves in this region beyond weaning to graze high-quality forages through a stocker cattle phase could improve profitability. autumn-weaned angus crossbred steers were allocated by breeding and weight to four forage systems that began in mid-november and continued through mid-october as follows: system 1, tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) and kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l ... | 2000 | 10907841 |
| cloning and functional analysis of sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase from tall fescue. | enzymes of grasses involved in fructan synthesis are of interest since they play a major role in assimilate partitioning and allocation, for instance in the leaf growth zone. several fructosyltransferases from tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) have previously been purified (lüscher and nelson, 1995). it is surprising that all of these enzyme preparations appeared to act both as sucrose (suc):suc 1-fructosyl transferases (1-sst) and as fructan:fructan 6(g)-fructosyl transferases. here we report t ... | 2000 | 11080298 |
| the role of chitinase production by stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain c3 in biological control of bipolaris sorokiniana. | abstract the role of chitinase production by stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain c3 in biological control of leaf spot on tall fescue (festuca arundinacea), caused by bipolaris sorokiniana, was investigated in vitro and in vivo. the filtrate of a broth culture of c3, with chitin as the carbon source, was separated into fractions. a high molecular-weight fraction (>8 kda) was chitinolytic and more inhibitory than a low-molecular-weight, nonchitinolytic fraction to conidial germination and hyphal ... | 2000 | 18944588 |
| effects of alum and aluminum chloride on phosphorus runoff from swine manure. | phosphorus (p) runoff from fields fertilized with swine (sus scrofa domesticus) manure may contribute to eutrophication. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of aluminum sulfate (alum) and aluminum chloride applications to swine manure on p runoff from small plots cropped to tall fescue (festuca arundinacea shreb.). there were six treatments in this study: (i) unfertilized control plots, (ii) untreated manure, (iii) manure with alum at 215 mg al l(-1), (iv) manure with aluminum ... | 2001 | 11401290 |
| spatial and time distribution of dairy cattle excreta in an intensive pasture system. | this study determined distribution of feces and urine from 36 lactating dairy cattle (bos taurus) managed in a rotationally grazed 0.74-ha endophyte-free tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.)-white clover (trifolium repens l.) pasture. cows were observed for 24 h five times from july 1997 to april 1998, and for 13.5 h in september 1997. during each 24-h observation period, the first grazing period (12 h) used 54% of the paddock and the second grazing period (8 h) used the entire paddock. tim ... | 2001 | 11790030 |
| tasco-forage: iv. influence of a seaweed extract applied to tall fescue pastures on sensory characteristics, shelf-life, and vitamin e status in feedlot-finished steers. | tasco-forage is an ascophyllum nodosum seaweed-based product that has increased antioxidant activity in both plants and animals. endophyte (neotyphodium coenophialum ([morgan-jones and gams] glenn, bacon, and hanlin)-infected and uninfected tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) pastures in virginia and mississippi during 1997 were treated or not with 3.4 kg tasco/ha in april and july. there were two replications of each treatment at each location. forty-eight steers (6/replication) grazed pa ... | 2001 | 11325193 |
| preference by sheep and goats among hay of eight tall fescue cultivars. | grazing ruminants use both visual cues and taste in selecting their diet. preference during grazing may not be the same when forage is dried for hay and cut into lengths prior to feeding in confinement. eight cultivars of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), previously evaluated for preference while grazed, were harvested three times over a period of 2 yr. the hays were air-dried, baled, and passed through a hydraulic bale processor prior to feeding. five experiments were conducted. all th ... | 2001 | 11204703 |
| involvement of antioxidants and lipid peroxidation in the adaptation of two cool-season grasses to localized drought stress. | in natural environments, drought often occurs in surface soil while water is available for plant uptake deeper in the soil profile. the objective of the study was to examine the involvement of antioxidant metabolism and lipid peroxidation in the responses of two cool-season grasses to surface soil drying. kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l) and tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) were grown in split tubes, consisting of two sections (each 10 cm in diameter and 20 cm long). grasses were su ... | 2001 | 11275219 |
| effects of calcium on antioxidant activities and water relations associated with heat tolerance in two cool-season grasses. | calcium (ca2+) may be involved in plant tolerance to heat stress by regulating antioxidant metabolism or/and water relations. this study was designed to examine whether external ca2+ treatment would improve heat tolerance in two c(3), cool-season grass species, tall fescue (festuca arundinacea l.) and kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l.), and to determine the physiological mechanisms of ca2+ effects on grass tolerance to heat stress. grasses were treated with cacl(2) (10 mm) or h(2)o by foliar ... | 2001 | 11283179 |
| tasco-forage: i. influence of a seaweed extract on antioxidant activity in tall fescue and in ruminants. | seaweed (ascophyllum nodosum) is a known source of plant growth regulators, and application to turfgrasses has increased activity of the antioxidant superoxide dismutase (sod) and specific vitamin precursors. increased antioxidant activity in both plants and animals diminishes oxidative stress. two pasture experiments investigated effects of tasco-forage (a proprietary seaweed-based product) applied to tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) on antioxidant activity in plants and in ruminants that graz ... | 2001 | 11325175 |
| tasco-forage: iii. influence of a seaweed extract on performance, monocyte immune cell response, and carcass characteristics in feedlot-finished steers. | tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) infected with the endophyte neotyphodium coenophialum ([morgan-jones and gams] glenn, bacon, and hanlin) causes fescue toxicosis in cattle grazing the forage, but effects of the endophyte were considered to be abated soon after removal of the animals from pastures. tasco-forage, a proprietary extract from the brown seaweed ascophyllum nodosum, is a known source of cytokinins and has increased antioxidant activity in both plants and the animals that graze ... | 2001 | 11325177 |
| effects of endophyte status of tall fescue tissues on the earthworm (eisenia fetida). | a cryptic fungal endophyte, neotyphodium coenophialum, infects most tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) pastures in the united states. cattle, sheep, and horses that consume the endophyte-infected grass can suffer fescue toxicosis caused by toxic alkaloids in the infected plants. the effects of the endophyte on mammalian herbivores have been well documented, but less is known regarding the quality of the grass (infected vs noninfected) as a food material for soil invertebrates. we conducted 21-d t ... | 2001 | 11392146 |
| tasco-forage: ii. monocyte immune cell response and performance of beef steers grazing tall fescue treated with a seaweed extract. | effects of applying tasco-forage, an ascophyllum nodosum seaweed-based product prepared by a proprietary process, to endophyte (neotyphodium coenophialum [morgan-jones and gams] glenn, bacon, and hanlin)-infected and endophyte-free tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) were studied in each of 3 yr (1995, 1996, and 1997) in virginia and in 1996 and 1997 in mississippi. there were 48 steers at each location in each year (n = 240) in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with two replications at ea ... | 2001 | 11325176 |
| monoclonal antibodies incorporated into neotyphodium coenophialum fungal cultures: inhibition of fungal growth and stability of antibodies. | three monoclonal antibodies (mabs) produced against proteins from the tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) fungal endophyte neotyphodium coenophialum hybridize exclusively to a fungal protein under denaturing conditions. the protein is approximately 88 kda in size. these mabs were individually incorporated into liquid medium to determine their effects on fungal growth in culture. neotyphodium-specific mabs inhibited fungal growth for the duration of the study. fungal cultures grown in the p ... | 2001 | 11456463 |
| phosphorus and ammonium concentrations in surface runoff from grasslands fertilized with broiler litter. | application of broiler (gallus gallus domesticus) litter to grasslands can increase ammonium (nh4-n) and dissolved reactive phosphorus (drp) concentrations in surface runoff, but it is not known for how long after a broiler litter application that these concentrations remain elevated. this long-term study was conducted to measure nh4-n and drp in surface runoff from grasslands fertilized with broiler litter. six 0.75-ha, fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.-)bermudagrass [cynodon dactylon (l.) pe ... | 2001 | 11577887 |
| phosphorus losses from grasslands fertilized with broiler litter: epic simulations. | broiler litter, a mixture of poultry excreta and bedding material, is commonly used to fertilize grasslands in the southeastern usa. previous work has shown that under certain situations, application of broiler (gallus gallus domesticus) litter to grasslands may lead to elevated levels of phosphorus (p) in surface runoff. the epic simulation model may be a useful tool to identify those situations. this work was conducted to evaluate epic's ability to simulate event and annual runoff volume and l ... | 2001 | 11577888 |
| a simple thin-layer chromatographic method for the detection of ergovaline in leaf sheaths of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) infected with neotyphodium coenophialum. | a relatively simple and inexpensive thin-layer chromatographic (tlc) method is described for the detection and semiquantitative measurement of ergovaline in leaf sheaths of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea). samples were finely ground and extracted with methanol. the extracts were filtered and the methanol was evaporated. the aqueous residue was extracted with hexane, followed by chloroform at ph 9. the chloroform extract was concentrated and further purified on a preparative silica gel tlc plat ... | 2001 | 11580073 |
| selection of specific endophytic bacterial genotypes by plants in response to soil contamination. | plant-bacterial combinations can increase contaminant degradation in the rhizosphere, but the role played by indigenous root-associated bacteria during plant growth in contaminated soils is unclear. the purpose of this study was to determine if plants had the ability to selectively enhance the prevalence of endophytes containing pollutant catabolic genes in unrelated environments contaminated with different pollutants. at petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated sites, two genes encoding hydrocarbon d ... | 2001 | 11375152 |
| contrasting responses of photosynthesis and carbon metabolism to low temperatures in tall fescue and clovers. | growth, photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism in plants of two grassland species, clover (trifolium subterraneum l. cv. areces and gaitan) and tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), shifted from 25 to 12 degrees c for 1 day or developed at 12 degrees c were compared with controls kept at 25 degrees c. cold development produced a larger inhibition of growth in fescue than in clovers. in contrast, transferring plants from high to low temperature inhibited photosynthesis to a lesser extent ... | 2001 | 11473707 |
| volatile compounds of endophyte-free and infected tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.). | volatile compounds produced by intact plants and ground leaf tissue from endophyte-infected (e+) and endophyte-free (e-) tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) were collected by a purge-and-trap procedure and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry the volatile compound profile from ground leaf tissue was similar between e+ and e- clonal plants; however, the sheaths of e+ clonal plants produced higher levels of 1-octen-3-ol, a characteristic volatile compound derived from lipid perox ... | 2001 | 11684192 |
| protein alterations in tall fescue in response to drought stress and abscisic acid. | drought stress may alter protein synthesis in turfgrasses. the objectives of this study were to investigate physiological changes associated with the synthesis of dehydrin and a cytosolic-heat shock protein (hsc 70) in response to drought stress in two tall fescue (festuca arundinacea l.) cultivars, 'southeast' and 'rebel jr.'. the effects of abscisic acid (aba) application on the drought tolerance of the cultivars also were evaluated. the cultivars were subjected to three treatments in growth c ... | 2002 | 11756275 |
| does decreased mowing frequency enhance alkaloid production in endophytic tall fescue and perennial ryegrass? | tall fescue, festuca arundinacea, and perennial ryegrass, lolium perenne. are widely infected with fungal endophytes (neotyphodium spp.). the symbiosis between plant and fungus leads to synthesis of alkaloids that have been shown to be either toxic or act as feeding deterrents against insect pests. as cultural practices have the potential to regulate production of plant secondary metabolites, we evaluated the influence of mowing frequency on the levels of major alkaloids in tall fescue and peren ... | 2002 | 12049232 |
| genome plasticity in festuca arundinacea: direct response to temperature changes by redundancy modulation of interspersed dna repeats. | the response of the genome of festuca arundinacea seedlings to changes in the temperature at which they were grown was investigated. fifteen repeated sequences in the nuclear dna were isolated and hybridized to the genomic dna of seedlings grown at 10 degrees c or 30 degrees c. the redundancies of sequences recognized by four probes ( faa5, fah8, fah13 and fah14), were found to differ significantly in the two dnas. dna sequences recognized by fah8, fah13 and fah14 were more represented in the ge ... | 2002 | 12582594 |
| relationship of growth cessation with the formation of diferulate cross-links and p-coumaroylated lignins in tall fescue leaf blades. | we examined relationships among cell wall feruloylation, diferulate cross-linking, p-coumarate deposition, and apoplastic peroxidase (ec 1.11.1.7) activity with changes in the elongation rate of leaf blades of slow and rapid elongating genotypes of tall fescue ( festuca arundinacea schreb.). growth was not directly influenced by ferulic acid deposition but leaf elongation decelerated as 8-5-, 8- o-4-, 8-8-, and 5-5-coupled diferulic acids accumulated in cell walls. growth rapidly slowed and stop ... | 2002 | 12244444 |
| lignin deposition and associated changes in anatomy, enzyme activity, gene expression, and ruminal degradability in stems of tall fescue at different developmental stages. | stem tissues of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) were sampled at three elongation stages and three reproductive stages. anatomical analysis showed the deposition of guaiacyl (g) and syringyl (s) lignin during plant development and the formation of a lignified sclerenchyma ring. a dramatic increase in klason lignin content was found from elongation stage to reproductive stage. lignin composition analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that s lignin content and s/g ratio ... | 2002 | 12236679 |
| secondary cell wall deposition causes radial growth of fibre cells in the maturation zone of elongating tall fescue leaf blades. | a gradient of development consisting of successive zones of cell division, cell elongation and cell maturation occurs along the longitudinal axis of elongating leaf blades of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), a c3 grass. an increase in specific leaf weight (slw; dry weight per unit leaf area) in the maturation region has been hypothesized to result from deposition of secondary cell walls in structural tissues. our objective was to measure the transverse cell wall area (cwa) associated w ... | 2002 | 12096823 |
| vehicle-mounted optical sensing: an objective means for evaluating turf quality. | visual evaluation of turfgrass quality is a subjective process that requires experienced personnel. optical sensing of plant reflectance provides objective, quantitative turf quality evaluation and requires no turf experience. this study was conducted to assess the accuracy of optical sensing for evaluating turf quality, to compare the rating consistency among human evaluators and optical sensing, and to develop a model that describes a relationship between optically sensed measurements and visu ... | 2002 | 11756274 |
| variation in ruminant preference for alfalfa hays cut at sunup and sundown. | diurnal variation in the concentration of total nonstructural carbohydrates (tnc) occurs in plants as a result of photosynthesis. ruminants have been shown to prefer tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreber) hays cut in the afternoon but the effect of morning vs. evening cutting had not been tested in legumes. to test for diurnal variation in preference for alfalfa (medicago sativa l.), we harvested six times in the midbud stage. harvests were paired so that each time a cutting of alfalfa was m ... | 2002 | 11756279 |
| intake, digestion, and digestive characteristics of neotyphodium coenophialum-infected and uninfected fescue by heifers offered hay diets supplemented with aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract or laidlomycin propionate. | tarentaise heifers fitted with a rumen cannula (539 +/- 7.5 and 487 +/- 15.7 kg avg initial bw in exp. 1 and 2, respectively) were used in two latin square metabolism experiments having 2 x 2 factorial treatment arrangements to determine the effects of supplementation with aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract (ao) or laidlomycin propionate (lp) on intake, digestion, and digestive characteristics of neotyphodium coenophialum-infected (if) or uninfected (ff) tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) ha ... | 2002 | 11831521 |
| endophytic fungal beta-1,6-glucanase expression in the infected host grass. | mutualistic fungal endophytes infect many grass species and often confer benefits to the hosts such as reduced herbivory by insects and animals. the physiological interactions between the endophytes and their hosts have not been well characterized. fungal-secreted proteins are likely to be important components of the interaction. in the interaction between poa ampla and the endophyte neotyphodium sp., a fungal beta-1,6-glucanase is secreted into the apoplast, and activity of the enzyme is detect ... | 2002 | 12427996 |
| nitrogen metabolism of beef steers fed endophyte-free tall fescue hay: effects of ruminally protected methionine supplementation. | level of nitrogen (n) intake and ruminally protected methionine supplementation were evaluated in eight angus growing steers (initial bw 253+/-21 kg, final bw 296+/-21 kg) in a replicated 4+/-4 latin square design. the steers were fed two endophyte-free tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) hays that contained 2.2 (lo) or 2.8% (hi) of dm as n and were either supplemented or not with ruminally protected methionine (10 g metabolizable methionine/d). diets were fed to provide adequate energy for 0.5 kg ... | 2002 | 12019624 |
| endocrine and respiratory responses to ergotamine in brahman and hereford steers. | ergot alkaloids are considered causative agents of fescue toxicosis, a syndrome experienced by cattle consuming tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) infected with the fungal endophyte neotyphodium coenophialum. one sign of fescue toxicosis in cattle is severe hyperthermia. this study assessed hormonal responses to ergotamine in heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant cattle. seven hereford (heat-sensitive, bos taurus) and 7 brahman (heat-tolerant, bos indicus) steers on a fescue-free diet received ergotam ... | 2002 | 12046966 |
| performance of steers grazing rhizomatous and nonrhizomatous birdsfoot trefoil in pure stands and in tall fescue mixtures. | this study investigated the performance of steers grazing rhizomatous birdsfoot trefoil (lotus corniculatus l.) (rbft) compared to nonrhizomatous birdsfoot trefoil (bft) in pure stands or when interseeded with endophyte-free tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.; tf). five forage treatments of rbft, bft, tf, rbft+tf, and bft+tf (four replicate paddocks per treatment) were continuously stocked in spring and fall of 1998 and spring of 1999. grazing for individual treatments was terminated when ... | 2002 | 12162667 |
| impact of consuming tall fescue seeds infected with the endophytic fungus, neotyphodium coenophialum, on reproduction of chickens. | most of the 14 million hectares of pastures of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) planted in the united states are infected with the endophytic fungus, neotyphodium coenophialum. i examined whether the consumption of fescue seed infected with this fungus had an adverse impact on reproduction in birds. chickens were used as the model; they were maintained on a diet of chick starter mixed in equal amounts with either infected fescue seed (fungus-fed chickens) or uninfected fescue seed (control chic ... | 2003 | 12527078 |
| use of nonergot alkaloid-producing endophytes for alleviating tall fescue toxicosis in sheep. | nonergot alkaloid-producing endophytes from new zealand were inserted into tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) cultivars in an attempt to address the problem of fescue toxicosis in grazing sheep. a 3-yr grazing study was conducted to determine lamb performance and to evaluate toxicosis in lambs grazing nonergot alkaloid-producing endophyte-infected (ar542 or ar502), endophyte-free (e-), or wild-type toxic endophyte-infected (e+) jesup tall fescue or nonergot alkaloid-producing endophyte-infected ( ... | 2003 | 12772860 |
| agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of festuca arundinacea (schreb.) and lolium multiflorum (lam.). | agrobacterium tumefaciens strain lba4404 carrying plasmid ptok233 encoding the hygromycin resistance (hph) and beta-glucuronidase (uida) genes has been used to transform two agronomic grass species: tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) and italian ryegrass (lolium multiflorum). embryogenic cell suspension colonies or young embryogenic calli were co-cultured with agrobacterium in the presence of acetosyringone. colonies were grown under hygromycin selection with cefotaxime and surviving colonies pla ... | 2003 | 12789446 |
| root growth and metal uptake in four grasses grown on zinc-contaminated soils. | depth and area of rooting are important to long-term survival of plants on metal-contaminated, steep-slope soils. we evaluated shoot and root growth and metal uptake of four cool-season grasses grown on a high-zn soil in a greenhouse. a mixture of biosolids, fly ash, and burnt lime was placed either directly over a zn-contaminated soil or over a clean, fine-grained topsoil and then the zn-contaminated soil; the control was the clean topsoil. the grasses were 'reliant' hard fescue (festuca brevip ... | 2003 | 12809284 |
| does mowing height influence alkaloid production in endophytic tall fescue and perennial ryegrass? | the mutualistic symbiosis following infection of tall fescue, festuca arundinacea, and perennial ryegrass, lolium perenne, by fungal endophyte (neotyphodium spp.) results in the production of alkaloids that are feeding deterrents or toxic to insects and livestock. if the levels of the alkaloids can be manipulated by cultural practices in the grasses that are used for home lawns and golf courses, this could alleviate the need for pesticide applications in urban environments. we evaluated the infl ... | 2003 | 12918918 |
| comparison of tall fescue (cyperales: gramineae) to other cool-season turfgrasses for tolerance to european chafer (coleoptera: scarabaeidae). | three cultivars of tall fescue, festuca arundinacea schreb., were compared with three cultivars each of fine fescue (festuca spp.), kentucky bluegrass (poa pratensis l.), and perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) to evaluate tolerance to root-feeding by european chafer grubs, rhizotrogus majalis (razoumowsky). potted turfgrasses were infested with initial densities equivalent to 33 or 66 grubs per 0.1 m2 on 19 august 2000. more grubs were added in late september and october, bringing the total ... | 2003 | 14977131 |
| changes in microbial community composition and function during a polyaromatic hydrocarbon phytoremediation field trial. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which phytoremediation systems promote hydrocarbon degradation in soil. the composition and degradation capacity of the bulk soil microbial community during the phytoremediation of soil contaminated with aged hydrocarbons was assessed. in the bulk soil, the level of catabolic genes involved in hydrocarbon degradation (ndob, alkb, and xyle) as well as the mineralization of hexadecane and phenanthrene was higher in planted treatment cel ... | 2003 | 12514031 |
| influence of organic and inorganic soil amendments on plant growth in crude oil-contaminated soil. | phytoremediation can be a viable alternative to traditional, more costly remediation techniques. three greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate plant growth with different soil amendments in crude oil-contaminated soil. growth of alfalfa (medicago sativa l., cultivar: riley), bermudagrass (cynodon dactylon l., cultivar: common), crabgrass (digitaria sanguinalis, cultivar: large), fescue (lolium arundinaceum schreb., cultivar: kentucky 31), and ryegrass (lolium multiflorum lam., cultivar: ma ... | 2003 | 14750564 |
| induced resistance as a mechanism of biological control by lysobacter enzymogenes strain c3. | abstract induced resistance was found to be a mechanism for biological control of leaf spot, caused by bipolaris sorokiniana, in tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) using the bacterium lysobacter enzymogenes strain c3. resistance elicited by c3 suppressed germination of b. sorokiniana conidia on the phylloplane in addition to reducing the severity of leaf spot. the pathogen-inhibitory effect could be separated from antibiosis by using heat-inactivated cells of c3 that retained no antifungal activi ... | 2003 | 18944093 |
| improved forage digestibility of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) by transgenic down-regulation of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase. | lignification of cell walls during plant development has been identified as the major factor limiting forage digestibility and concomitantly animal productivity. cdna sequences encoding a key lignin biosynthetic enzyme, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (cad), were cloned from the widely grown monocotyledonous forage species tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.). recombinant tall fescue cad expressed in e. coli exhibited the highest v(max)/k(m) values when coniferaldehyde and sinapaldehyde were ... | 2003 | 17134402 |
| pyrene degradation in the rhizosphere of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) and switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.). | a growth chamber study was conducted to investigate the fate of pyrene in the rhizosphere of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) and switchgrass (panicum virgatum l.). for this study, 14c-labeled pyrene was used, and distribution of 14c activity was assessed after plant establishment. after 190 days of incubation, 37.7 and 30.4% of 14c-pyrene was mineralized in the soil planted with tall fescue and switchgrass, respectively, while 4.3% mineralization was observed for the unplanted control. only 7. ... | 2003 | 14717195 |
| growth of endophyte (neotyphodium) during seed germination of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea). | growth of a filamentous fungus endophyte, neotyphodium, was examined during the seed germination process of its host plant, tall fescue, festuca arundinacea, by the elisa method. distribution of endophyte differed from that of substances induced by endophyte. | 2003 | 14676382 |
| growth of endophyte, neotyphodium, and its host plant, tall fescue (festuca arundinacea), under 3d-clinorotation. | growth of a filamentous fungus endophyte, neotyphodium, and its host plant, tall fescue, festuca arundinacea, was examined during the seed germination process under pseudo-microgravity [correction of micrgravity] generated by three dimensional (3d-) clinorotation. the shoot growth of tall fescue infected with the endophyte was remarkably suppressed on a 3d-clinostat compared with that of the ground control. without being infected, shoot growth of tall fescue was not strongly affected by the 3d-c ... | 2003 | 12897463 |
| field performance of transgenic tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) plants and their progenies. | tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) is a hexaploid, outcrossing grass species widely used for forage and turf purposes. transgenic tall fescue plants were generated by biolistic transformation of embryogenic cell suspension cultures that were derived from single genotypes of widely used cultivar kentucky-31. primary transgenics from two genotypes, their corresponding regenerants from the same genotypes and control seed-derived plants were transferred to the field and evaluated for 2 years. ... | 2003 | 12712247 |
| selenium and sulfur accumulation and soil selenium dissipation in planting of four herbaceous plant species in soil contaminated with drainage sediment rich in both selenium and sulfur. | four selenium (se) nonaccumulator plant species, including a forage grass species, tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), a forage legume species, alfalfa (medicago sativa l.), a wetland species, rush (juncus tenuis wild.), and a dry-land alkaline soil species, saltgrass (distichlis spicata l.), were grown in soil contaminated by agricultural drainage sediment having elevated levels of se and sulfur (s). the above-ground plant tissues were consecutively harvested five times and examined for ... | 2003 | 12710233 |
| viability and longevity of pollen from transgenic and nontransgenic tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) (poaceae) plants. | pollen is an important vector of gene flow in plants, particularly for outcrossing species like tall fescue. several aspects of pollination biology were investigated using pollen from transgenic and nontransgenic plants of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.), the most important forage species worldwide of the festuca genus. to effectively assess in vitro pollen viability in tall fescue, an optimized germination medium (0.8 mol/l sucrose, 1.28 mmol/l boric acid and 1.27 mmol/l calcium nitra ... | 2004 | 21653407 |
| bacterial community evaluation during establishment of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) in soil contaminated with pyrene. | a greenhouse study was conducted to monitor microbial community dynamics related to contaminant concentration and plant growth during the phytoremediation of pyrene. soil microbial communities in both bulk and rhizosphere soils were assessed using a polymerase chain reaction--denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge). however, no correlation between pyrene concentration and bacterial community shifts was observed. even though plants significantly enhanced pyrene degradation (undetectabl ... | 2004 | 15554475 |
| soil physical changes and plant availability of zn and pb in a treatability test of phytostabilization. | a treatability test of phytostabilization was carried out on two soils sampled downstream a mining italian area with lolium italicum and festuca arundinacea. beside chemical content of pb and zn in aerial parts and in roots, also some physical parameters were determined at the end of the growth cycle of plants. particle size distribution was analysed with a laser granulometer while cracking patterns and porosity were determined by means of image analysis. compost, used at two rates (10%, and 30% ... | 2004 | 15504462 |
| effectiveness of phytoremediation as a secondary treatment for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in composted soil. | a greenhouse study was conducted over a 12-month period to investigate the fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in soil using phytoremediation as a secondary treatment. the soil was pretreated by composting for 12 weeks, then planted with tall fescue (festuca arundinacea), annual ryegrass (lolium multiflorum), and yellow sweet clover (melilotus officinalis). two sets of unvegetated controls also were evaluated, one fertilized and one unfertilized. total pah concentrations decreased in ... | 2004 | 15328979 |
| tall fescue est-ssr markers with transferability across several grass species. | tall fescue (festuca arundinacea schreb.) is a major cool season forage and turf grass in the temperate regions of the world. it is also a close relative of other important forage and turf grasses, including meadow fescue and the cultivated ryegrass species. until now, no ssr markers have been developed from the tall fescue genome. we designed 157 est-ssr primer pairs from tall fescue ests and tested them on 11 genotypes representing seven grass species. nearly 92% of the primer pairs produced c ... | 2004 | 15205737 |