Publications

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the evolution of constans-like gene families in barley, rice, and arabidopsis.the co (constans) gene of arabidopsis has an important role in the regulation of flowering by photoperiod. co is part of a gene family with 17 members that are subdivided into three classes, termed group i to iii here. all members of the family have a cct (co, co-like, toc1) domain near the carboxy terminus. group i genes, which include co, have two zinc finger b-boxes near the amino terminus. group ii genes have one b-box, and group iii genes have one b-box and a second diverged zinc finger. an ...012692345
convergent evolution of perenniality in rice and sorghum.annual and perennial habit are two major strategies by which grasses adapt to seasonal environmental change, and these distinguish cultivated cereals from their wild relatives. rhizomatousness, a key trait contributing to perenniality, was investigated by using an f(2) population from a cross between cultivated rice (oryza sativa) and its wild relative, oryza longistaminata. molecular mapping based on a complete simple sequence-repeat map revealed two dominant-complementary genes controlling rhi ...012642667
high amylose mutants of rice,oryza sativa l.five mutant lines of rice with increased amylose content in starch granules were identified among floury endosperm mutants. the amylose contents of the mutants ranged from 29.4% to 35.4% and were about twice as high as that of the normal counterpart. starch properties of the high amylose mutants were analyzed by column chromatography, x-ray diffractometry, photopastegraphy and scanning electron microscopy. the high amylose mutants produced longer unit chains of amylopectin than those of the norm ...024253817
salinity affects metabolomic profiles of different trophic levels in a food chain.salinization is one of the most important abiotic stressors in an ecosystem. to examine how exposing a host plant to excess salt affects the consequent performance and metabolism of insects in a food chain, we determined the life history traits and the metabolite profiles in rice (oryza sativa), the herbivore sitobion avenae, and its predator harmonia axyridis. when compared with performance under normal (non-stressed) conditions, exposing plants to 50mm nacl significantly delayed the timing of ...028475913
mapping of genes controlling aluminum tolerance in rice: comparison of different genetic backgrounds.aluminum toxicity is the main factor limiting the productivity of crop plants in acid soils, particularly in the tropics and subtropics. in this study, a doubled-haploid population derived from the rice ( oryza sativa l.) breeding lines ct9993 and ir62266 was used to map genes controlling al tolerance. a genetic linkage map consisting of 280 dna markers (rflp, aflp and ssr) was constructed to determine the position and nature of quantitative trait loci (qtls) affecting al tolerance. three charac ...012207224
purification and characterization of phospholipase d (pld) from rice (oryza sativa l.) and cloning of cdna for pld from rice and maize (zea mays l.).phospholipase d (pld) was purified to high homogeneity from rice bran (oryza sativa l.). two peaks of pld activity were resolved by mono q anion-exchange chromatography. the molecular mass of pld in both peaks was 82 kda on sds-page and 78 kda in gel filtration. antibodies raised against the protein in one of the peaks precipitated the enzyme activities in both peaks. enzymatic characteristics of pld in the two peaks were identical except for a difference of 0.1 in the isoelectric points. sequen ...07551587
physical mapping of the 5s rdna gene complex in rice (oryza sativa).this study was designed to use biotin labelling in situ hybridization to physically map the 5s rdna genes to a chromosome arm location in rice. chromosome preparations were made using an improved protoplast technique, which resulted in more mitotic cells with less overlying cytoplasmic and cellular debris. cells in which both chromatids were labelled were observed. the hybridization detection level for the 5s rdna gene complex was 17.22%. the results established that the 5s rdna gene complex of ...018470015
malting and brewing qualities of some nigerian rice (oryza sativa l.) varieties and some thoughts on the assessment of malts from tropical cereals.the maiting qualities of six varieties of nigerian rice were studied and compared with malts from sorghum and barley. a minimum of seven days was necessary for maximum yield of extract from malted rice. the beer brewed from the six rice malts were similar to each other and to those from sorghum and barley in analytical properties. the appropriateness of using methods designed for assessing barley malt should be re-examined for studying malts from tropical cereals. meanwhile, it should be suffici ...024429992
transient gene expression in maize, rice, and wheat cells using an airgun apparatus.an airgun apparatus has been constructed for transient gene expression studies of monocots. this device utilizes compressed air from a commercial airgun to propel macroprojectile and dna-coated tungsten particles. the beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene was used to monitor transient expression in three distinct cell types of maize (zea mays), rice (oryza sativa), and wheat (triticum aestivum). the highest level of gus activity in cultured maize cells was observed when distance between stoppin ...016667278
amino acid and peptide uptake in the scutella of germinating grains of barley, wheat, rice, and maize.scutella separated from germinating grains of barley (hordeum vulgare l.), wheat (triticum aestivum l.), rice (oryza sativa l.), and maize (zea mays l.) took up the four amino acids and the three peptides tested from incubation media. the uptake of amino acids by wheat scutella was similar to that of barley scutella and was via at least four uptake systems: two nonspecific amino acid uptake systems, one system specific for proline, and another system specific for basic amino acids. the scutellum ...016666698
barley cbf3 gene identification, expression pattern, and map location.although cold and drought adaptation in cereals and other plants involve the induction of a large number of genes, inheritance studies in triticeae (wheat [triticum aestivum], barley [hordeum vulgare], and rye [secale cereale]) have revealed only a few major loci for frost or drought tolerance that are consistent across multiple genetic backgrounds and environments. one might imagine that these loci could encode highly conserved regulatory factors that have global effects on gene expression; the ...012177491
studies on the anaerobic decomposition of plant materials: some factors influencing the anaerobic decomposition of rice straw (oryza sativa). 193516745749
studies on the anaerobic decomposition of plant materials: the anaerobic decomposition of rice straw (oryza sativa). 193516745695
linkage studies of awn in cultivated rice (oryza sativa l.). 194620995077
some observations on an obscure disease of paddy; oryza sativa. 194915395342
morphology of the ovary of oryza sativa linn. var. plena ("double rice"). 195114828377
[behavior of interspecific hybrids of oryza sativa l. and o. glaberrina steud]. 195313051899
peculiar physiological behavior in rice (oryza sativa). 195413186837
differential radiosensitivity in rice (oryza sativa linn.) at the genotypic level. 196113750639
nitrate reductase of rice (oryza sativa l.) under foot-rot disease.studies reported here reveal a low nitrate reductase activity in the shoots of mtu 9 rice plants while in roots high enzyme activity has been recorded.under pathogenesis, a low nitrate reductase activity in the roots and a high enzyme activity in the shoots have been recorded in susceptible rice plants. in the resistant rice plants (geb 24) no such marked difference in the enzyme activity has been observed.the effect of fusaric and gibberellic acid on this enzyme activity has been studied. in th ...196624554010
a soluble fraction requirement in the transfer reaction of protein synthesis by rice embryo ribosomes.the requirements for the transfer of (14)c-phenylalanine from yeast soluble ribonucleic acid to protein in vitro by rice (oryza sativa l. var. bluebonnet) ribosomes have been investigated. an absolute requirement for polyuridylic acid, 2-mercaptoethanol, guanosine triphosphate, magnesium, and potassium or ammonium ions and ribosomes has been demonstrated. ribosomes washed in 0.5% sodium deoxycholate also required the presence of rice supernatant. the optimum concentration of magnesium ion for th ...196616656417
phytotoxicity tests with the molluscicide n-tritylmorpholine.n-tritylmorpholine (frescon, wl 8008) has been applied as an emulsifiable concentrate (fx 28) to cotton and rice in glasshouse experiments without any adverse effects. the compound was applied in the irrigation water at 5 and 10 times the rates used for snail control. the experiment on cotton was terminated after 60 days, when the plants became pot-bound. the treatments did not affect the leaf area or the fresh weight of plants. the rice (oryza sativa ssp. japonica) was harvested and no differen ...19675300052
metabolic fate of 3,4-dichloropropionanilide in plants: the metabolism of the propionic acid moiety.3,4-dichloropropionanilide-(14)c (propanil) labeled in either the c-1 or c-3 carbon atoms of the propionic acid moiety was applied to the roots of pea (pisum sativum l.) and rice (oryza sativa l.) plants in nutrient solution (0.1 mm-0.28 mm). radioactivity was detected throughout the treated plants, but the greatest labeling was found in the roots. none of the products that contained aniline were radioactive, suggesting that the plants split the propionic acid moiety from propanil. the fate of t ...196816656804
metabolism of 3,4-dichloropropionanilide in plants: the metabolic fate of the 3,4-dichloroaniline moiety.studies to elucidate the fate of 3,4-dichloropropionanilide (propanil) in rice (oryza sativa l. var. nato) plants have shown that the propanil molecule is cleaved and the propionic acid moiety metabolized. to ascertain the fate of the 3,4-dichloroaniline moiety of propanil, rice plants were exposed to propanil in liquid culture. the roots and shoots of treated rice plants were extracted and quantitatively assayed for four aniline-containing metabolites. one of the four metabolites proved to be 3 ...19685635999
mechanism of selective action of 3',4'-dichloropropionanilide.studies have been carried out to determine the basis for the unique postemergence selective action of the rice herbicide, 3',4'-dichloropropionanilide (dpa), which controls a wide variety of weed species including barnyardgrasses. absorption studies have shown that both rice (oryza sativa, l.) and barnyardgrass (echinochloa crusgalli, l.) foliage absorb dpa readily and equally and, consequently, morphological differences cannot account for its unique selective action. through the use of uniforml ...19685700023
phytochrome action in oryza sativa l. : ii. the spectrophotometric versus the physiological status of phytochrome in coleoptiles.in-vivo phytochrome determinations in totally etiolated rice seedlings with a dual-wavelength spectrophotometer showed that on a fresh weight basis phytochrome concentration was highest in the coleoptile apex (0.175 of mean) δ(δ o.d.) g(-1) (fresh weight). the age of the seedlings had little effect on the pattern of phytochrome distribution in the coleoptiles.the extent of growth inhibition observed 2 days after the irradiations was proportional to the logarithm of p fr amount in the coleoptiles ...196824519726
[inhibitory action of ethanol on germination of rice (oryza sativa l.) and wheat (triticum vulgare) seeds]. 19685761008
metabolism of 3',4'-dichloropropionanilide: 3,4-dichloroaniline-lignin complex in rice plants.rice plants (oryza sativa l. var. bluebonnet 50) metabolize the herbicide 3',4'-dichloropropionanilide to 3,4-dichloroaniline, which in turn conjugates with carbohydrates. soluble aniline-carbohydrate complexes account for only a small fraction of the hydrolyzed 3',4'-dichloropropionanilide. the major portion of the 3,4-dichloroaniline moiety is found complexed with polymeric cell constituents, mainly lignin. the aniline is lignin-bound as 3,4-dichloroaniline and not as 3',4'-dichloropropionanil ...19685661296
effect of water washing, lime treatment and lime and calcium carbonate supplementation on the nutritive value of paddy (oryza sativa) straw. 19695818438
phytochrome action in oryza sativa l. 3. the separation of photoperceptive site and growing zone in coleoptiles, and auxin transport as effector system. 19695359044
involvement of aminoacyl-trna transfer factors in polyphenylalanine synthesis by rice embryo ribosomes.two distinct heat labile factors (i and ii) were found to be required for the in vitro synthesis of polyphenylalanine by rice ribosomes (oryza sativa var. bluebonnct) and polyuridylic acid. these factors were present in both the crude supernatant and on crude ribosomes. factor i was removed from the crude ribosomes by [ill] (0.6%), while factor ii was eliminated from deoxycholate washed ribosomes by a 0.5 m kcl wash.factor i was purified from crude supernatant by calcium phosphate absorption and ...196916657179
the induction of nitrate reductase and the preferential assimilation of ammonium in germinating rice seedlings.nitrate reduotase is induced by nitrate in excised embryos and germinating intact seedlings of rice (oryza sativa l.). the enzyme is induced 24 hr after imbibition. the rate of enzyme formation increases with the age of seedlings. there is a lag period of 30 to 40 min between the addition of substrate and the formation of nitrate reductase. formation of the enzyme is promoted by the presence of ammonium. chloramphenicol, actinomycin d and cycloheximide effectively inhibit the formation of nitrat ...196916657253
biochemical factors affecting protein accumulation in the rice grain.rice grains (oryza sativa l.) from three varieties and three pairs of lines with different protein content were collected at 4-day intervals from 4 to 32 days after flowering. the samples were analyzed for protein, free amino nitrogen, ribonucleic acid, protease activity, and ribonuclease activity. in addition, the capacity of the intact grain to incorporate amino acids was determined for the three pairs of lines. the maximal level of free amino nitrogen and the capacity of the developing grain ...197016657540
enzymic mechanism of starch breakdown in germinating rice seeds: iii. alpha-amylase isozymes.the formation of amylase isozymes in germinating rice (oryza sativa) seeds was studied by isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. time sequence comparisons of the amylase zymogram were made between extracts from gibberellic acid-treated embryoless and embryo-attached half-endosperm of rice seeds. in both cases, 4 major and 9 to 10 minor isozyme bands were detectable at the maximal stage of the enzyme induction. however, in the embryo-attached half-seeds, bands started to ...197016657524
phytochrome action in oryza sativa l. : v. effects of decapitation and red and far-red light on cell wall extensibility.the mechanical properties of the cell wall were measured in coleoptiles of totally etiolated rice seedlings. coleoptiles were either decapitated or briefly exposed to red (r) and/or far-red (fr) light. the elastic and plastic extensibilities of the cell wall changed with age (length) of the coleoptiles. decapitation and exposure to r induced changes in these properties, and the time-courses were similar. following decapitation or r irradiation, the plastic extensibility of the cell wall decrease ...197024499836
mutagen-induced variability in protein characters in oryza sativa. 19705433772
the induction of grain size and colour mutations in rice (oryza sativa l.) by radioisotopes.seven mutants with changes in grain size and in pigmentation of various organs were isolated in the m 2 and m 3 generations of the patnai variety of winter rice after treatment with (32) p and (35) s. some of these could be useful for breeding.the narrow grain mutant, isolated in the m 3 generation after treatment with (32) p, was high-yielding and had fine grains and an increased number of long panicles.two short grain mutants with changed husk colour were obtained in the m 2 generation after t ...197024435806
effect of certain chemical fertilizers on the rhizosphrere mycoflora of oryza sativa linn. ii. potassium fertilizer (potassium sulphate). 19715129428
efficiency of glasshouse pot experiments rotating versus stationary benches.pot cultures of rice (oryza sativa l., var. colusa) in flooded soil were used to measure comparative uniformity of growth where mutual shading was the primary source of variation. data were analyzed according to various divisions of each layout into blocks, sections, and replicate pots to compare statistical efficiencies.experiments on stationary benches were subject to large border effects that were not suitably compensated for by any of the systems of replication tested. on the turntable, whic ...197116657881
dissociation of ribosomes and seed germination.ribosomes from rice embryos (oryza sativa) were dissociated into ribosomal subunits in vitro by systematic reduction of the mg(2+) concentration. ribosomes from imbibed (28 c) embryos were more easily dissociated than those from nonimbibed embryos. this was not observed with ribosomes from either imbibed, nonviable embryos, or from embryos imbibed at 0 c. ribosomes from embryos which had been imbided and subsequently dehydrated resembled ribosomes from nonimbibed embryos in their resistance to d ...197116657584
phytochrome action in oryza sativa l: iv. red and far red reversible effect on the production of ethylene in excised coleoptiles.excised apical segments of etiolated rice (oryza sativa l.) coleoptiles produced ethylene. increasing the number of cut sites per coleoptile increased the rate of ethylene formation. ethylene produced by an etiolated-intact seedling in the dark was about a half of that by the excised coleoptile segment. red light of low energy as well as of continuous irradiation inhibited the production of ethylene. the inhibition by a low energy dose of red light was partly relieved, if the red light was follo ...197116657772
effect of certain chemical fertilizers on the rhizosphere myco-flora of oryza sativa. i. nitrogenous fertilizers: ammonium nitrate and urea. 19715575838
some observations on coleoptile cell ultrastructure in ungerminated grains of rice (oryza sativa l).the ultrastructure of coleoptile cells of ungerminated rice grains has been examined following fixation in glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide. in many respects the cell structure resembles that reported for other dormant seed tissues: the cells contain protein bodies and lipid droplets, mitochondria and plastids show little internal structure but cytoplasm invaginates into many plastids; golgi cisternae cannot be discerned. rough er is present as cisternae surrounding protein bodies, as occasio ...197124482086
starch metabolism in the leaf sheaths and culm of rice.the levels of starch and dextrin, free sugars, soluble protein, and enzymes involved in starch metabolism-alpha-amylase, beta-amylase, phosphorylase, q-enzyme, r-enzyme, and adp-glucose starch synthetases-were assayed in the leaf sheaths and culm of the rice plant (oryza sativa l., variety ir8) during growth.starch accumulation in the leaf sheaths reached a maximum 10 to 11 weeks after transplanting, the time of development of the rice panicle. maximal concentration of free sugars occurred earli ...197116657631
leaf surface fungi of oryza sativa linn. 19715105623
biochemical changes in the rice grain during germination.changes in the content of starch, protein, and rna and in the activity of their hydrolases in the rice endosperm (oryza sativa l., variety ir8) were determined during the first week of germination without added nutrient both in the dark and in the light. changes were generally more rapid in the dark than in the light. oxygen uptake and rnase activity started to increase and the root protruded on the second day, followed by the coleoptile on the third day, and the primary leaf on the fourth day. ...197216658042
electron-probe microanalysis of silicon in the epidermis of rice (oryza sativa l.) internodes.electron-probe x-ray microanalysis showed that significant amounts of silicon are accumulated in the entire epidermal system of the rice internode except in the stomatal apparatuses. thus, there is a lack of specific sites for si deposition from levels just above the base to the tip of the rice internode. in the intercalary meristem region, 1 cm above the base of the internode, point-count data indicate more si accumulation in the dumb-bell shaped silica cells than in the long epidermal cells. a ...197224481653
intra and inter subspecific variation in soluble proteins of oryza sativa l.types representing three subspecies of oryza sativa, namely, indica, japonica and javanica, and a group of intermediate types collected from north east india, were studied for variation in soluble proteins using acrylamide gel electrophoresis. the study revealed that there was a marked variation within and between varietal groups. variability for number and intensity of protein bands in indica was wider than in japonica and javanica. protein pattern in the group comprising n.e. indian types tran ...197224429488
complementary genic complex for anthocyanin pigmentation in the apiculus of rice (oryza sativa l.). 19734781370
changes in the activity of some hydrolases, peroxidase, and catalase in the rice seed during germination.a study was made of the changes in activity of enzymes involved in the breakdown of stored phytin, lipid, and hemicellulose in the aleurone layer of rice seed (oryza sativa l., variety ir8) during the 1st week of germination in the light. enzyme assays were made on crude extracts from degermed seed, and activities were expressed on a per seed basis. phytase activity increased within the 1st day of germination. the increase in activity of most other enzymes-phosphomonoesterase, phosphodiesterase, ...197316658546
effect of anaerobiosis on respiratory rate, cytochrome oxidase activity and mitochondrial structures in coleoptiles of rice (oryza sativa l.). 19734352691
protein metabolism in leaves and developing grains of rices differing in grain protein content.four semi-dwarf rices (oryza sativa l.) differing in percentage of grain protein, grown in a flooded field receiving basal n fertilization, had a peak activity of root glutamate dehydrogenase 4 weeks after transplanting. a lower peak occurred during panicle formation 10 weeks after transplanting. the percentage of n of the active leaf blades was also highest 4 weeks after transplanting. the activity of nitrate reductase in the leaf blades was low and decreased after transplanting.among the three ...197316658365
an arginyl-transfer ribonucleic acid protein transferase from cereal embryos.embryos from rice (oryza sativa l. var. bluebonnet) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) contain an aminoacyl-trna protein transferase which transfers arginine from arginyl-trna to the n terminus of a protein acceptor. the activity was measured in vitro in a reaction mixture containing embryo supernatant fraction, buffer, sulfhydryl reagent, and arginyl-trna. it was not dependent on the usual cofactors for ribosomal protein synthesis, nor was it sensitive to cycloheximide or puromycin. however, the ...197316658490
iron requirement and iron uptake from various iron compounds by different plant species.the fe requirements of four monocotyledonous plant species (avena sativa l., triticum aestivum l., oryza sativa l., zea mays l.) and of three dicotyledonous species (lycopersicum esculentum mill., cucumis sativus l., glycine maxima (l.) merr.) in hydroponic cultures were ascertained. fe was given as nafe-eddha chelate (fe ethylenediamine di (o-hydroxyphenylacetate). i found that the monocotyledonous species required a substantially higher fe concentration in the nutrient solution in order to att ...197416658933
subcellular localization of the red-absorbing form of phytochrome by immunocytochemistry.an immunocytochemical technique was used to localize the red-absorbing form of phytochrome at the light- or electron-microscope level in etiolated barley (hordeum vulgare l.) coleoptile tip, rice (oryza sativa l.) coleoptilar node, maize (zea mays l.) coleoptile tip, rye (secale cereale l.) coleoptile tip and coleoptilar node, and oat (avena sativa l.) root cap. staining for phytochrome in the cells was found to be generally distributed throughout the cytoplasm. in addition, barley also showed s ...197424442776
studies on some genetic parameters of rice (oryza sativa l.).in order to utilize the available useful variation in breeding rice to improve yield and quality of grain, the performance of a wide range of rice germ plasm comprising 30 varieties was evaluated in northern india, a major rice growing belt. plant performance revealed high genetic divergence and phenotypic variability in the crop, with the maximum range of variation being for grain number per panicle and the minimum for grain dimensions. there were also significant differences among varietal mea ...197424425460
effect of x-irradiation on the size of the mutated sector in diploid and tetraploid rice.an investigation was carried out of the effect of x-irradiation on the size of the mutated sector in three diploids (a.s.d.8, t.n. 1 and g.e.b. 24) and the autotetraploid of g.e.b 24 of oryza sativa l., by analyzing the m2 segregation ratios of chlorophyll mutants. a total of 612 segregating m1 panicle progenies in the diploids and 284 panicle progenies in the tetraploid was studied in the m2 generation for the ratio of normal to chlorophyll mutant seedlings. of the 573 segregating m1 panicles a ...197424424476
analysis of genes controlling f(1) sterility in rice by the use of isogenic lines.in order to look into the genetic basis of intervarietal f(1) sterility in rice (oryza sativa l.), a series of backcrosses (up to b(13)) was carried out using taichung 65 (japonica type) as the recurrent parent and several indica varieties as donor parents. a number of "isogenic f(1)-sterile lines" were isolated by test-crossing fertile f(2) plants obtained from the selfing of partly pollensterile backcross segregants. crossing experiments with the isogenic lines confirmed the author's previous ...197417248657
metabolism of tritiated gibberellin a(9) by shoots of dark-grown dwarf pea, cv. meteor.tritium-labeled gibberellin a(9) ((3)h-ga(9)) was metabolized by etiolated shoots of dwarf pea (pisum sativum cv. meteor) to ga(20), ga(10), 2,3-dihydro-ga(31), and a number of highly polar, acidic ga-like substances. identifications were made by gasliquid radiochromatography and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. kinetic studies showed that ga(30) and 2,3-dihydro-ga(31) were produced within 5 hours following (3)h-ga(9) application to pea shoots. the polar ga-like substances were pro ...197416658838
[phenomenon of radioprotection by previous imbibition at low temperature observed in rice seeds (oryza sativa l.) subjected to gamma rays of co60]. 19744210673
isolation of nuclei from rice tissue grown in suspension culture.a simple method is described for the isolation of intact nucleic from rice tissue (oryza sativa l.) grown in suspension culture. the procedure involves incubation of the tissue for 4 h with cellulase and pectinase prior to disruption of the cells. the yield of nucleic is approximately 40% (dna basis) and the preparations are capable of synthesizing rna in vitro. the method may be valuable to biochemically oriented research requiring plant nuclei.197424442660
correlation between the age related metabolites and photoinduction in oryza sativa. 19744442472
staining of sieve tube mitochondria in coleoptiles of rice (oryza sativa l.) with diaminobenzidine.diaminobenzidine has been used to locate sites of oxidizing cytochromes in rice coleoptiles. the mitochondria of mature sieve tubes show a positive reaction which to visual inspection appears as strong as the reaction of companion cell mitochondria.197524435994
enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in the developing rice grain.the levels of reducing and nonreducing sugars, starch, soluble protein, and selected enzymes involved in the metabolism of sucrose, glucose-1-p, and glucose nucleotides were assayed in dehulled developing rice grains (oryza sativa l. line ir1541-76-3) during the first 3 weeks after flowering. the level of reducing sugars in the grain was highest 5 to 6 days after flowering. the level of nonreducing sugars and the rate of starch accumulation were maximum 11 to 12 days after flowering, when the le ...197516659348
reversible redistribution of phytochrome within the cell upon conversion to its physiologically active form.the intracellular localization of phytochrome was seen in dark-grown oat (avena sativa l., cv. garry) and rice (oryza sativa l., cv. unknown) shoots after various light treatments using an indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase antibody labeling method. phytochrome is generally distributed throughout the cytoplasm in cells of tissue that had not been exposed to light prior to fixation. within, at most, 8 min after the onset of saturating red irradiation, phytochrome, now present in the far-red-absor ...19751093170
the limit dextrinases from ungerminated oats (avena sativa l.) and ungerminated rice (oryza sativa l.).the limit dextrinases from ungerminated oats and rice have been purified, and their substrate specificity compared with a bacterial isoamylase preparation. both cereal enzymes could hydrolyse (1 yields6)-alpha-d-glucosidic linkages in oligosaccharide alpha-dextrins, pullulan, amylopectin, and the beta-limit dextrins of amylopectin and glycogen. however, under comparable conditions, they were unable to attack glycogens.19751170015
volatile components of unprocessed rice (oryza sativa l.). 19761002944
responses of the rice shoot apex to irradiation with red and far-red light.determinations of cell-doubling times using the technique of colchicine-induced metaphase accumulation showed that after 40 h exposure to red or far-red light the rates of cell division in young rice (oryza sativa l. cv. ballila) shoot apices were faster than in dark controls. in red light, the increase was already taking place after 16 h of irradiation but in far-red the rates at this time were slower than in the dark controls. seedlings became more responsive to far-red light as they continued ...197624425084
nadh- and nad(p)h-nitrate reductases in rice seedlings.by use of affinity chromatography on blue dextran-sepharose, two nitrate reductases from rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings, specifically, nadh:nitrate oxidoreductase (ec 1.6.6.1) and nad(p)-h:nitrate oxidoreductase (ec 1.6.6.2), have been partially separated. nitrate-induced seedlings contained more nadh-nitrate reductase than nad(p)h-nitrate reductase, whereas chloramphenicol-induced seedlings contained primarily nad(p)h-nitrate reductase. nad(p)h-nitrate reductase was shown to utilize nadph dir ...197616659665
aspects of nitrogen metabolism in the rice seedling.the effects of nitrogen source no(3) (-) or nh(4) (+) on nitrogen metabolism during the first 2 weeks of germination of the rice seedling (oryza sativa l., var. ir22) grown in nutrient solution containing 40 mug/ml n were studied. total, soluble protein, and free amino n levels were higher in the nh(4) (+)-grown seedling, particularly during the 1st week of germination. asparagine accounted for most of the difference in free amino acid level, in both the root and the shoot. nitrate and nitrite r ...197616659600
effects of ancymidol (a growth retardant) and triarimol (a fungicide) on the growth, sterols, and gibberellins of phaseolus vulgaris (l.).the effect of the two substituted pyrimidines, ancymidol (a growth retardant) and triarimol (a fungicide) on phaseolus vulgaris was studied. both compounds retarded shoot and root elongation as well as increases in fresh weight. both compounds caused production of ethylene-like responses when given in high dosages or when applied shortly after germination. as growth retardation was shown to occur in the absence of net increase in sterol levels, neither ancymidol nor triarimol apparently retards ...197616659542
catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenoloxidase activities during rice leaf senescence.the activities of catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenoloxidase were studied in attached and detached rice (oryza sativa l. cv. ratna) leaves. catalase activity decreased while peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities increased during senescence of both attached and detached rice leaves. kinetic (5 mum) and benzimidazole (1 mm), which are known to delay the senescence of detached rice leaves, retarded the decrease of catalase activity during detached leaf senescence. on the other hand, these ch ...197616659474
biochemical basis of hybrid vigour. the genetics of grain weight of oryza sativa.four cathodal bands (c1, c2, c3 and c4) of esterase (e1, c1. 3.1) were correlated with the grain weight of rice (oryza sativa l.). zymogram patterns indicated intensity differences among these bands infinegrain and coarse-grain varieties. bands c1. and c2 were dark in fine grain varieties whereas c3 and c4 were dark in coarse grain varieties. these bands were specific to endosperm. observations on fine-grain (kalanamak), coarse grain (sr(26)b) varieties and their reciprocal hybrids indicated the ...197724407414
light-induced development of photosynthetic enzymes in etiolated detached leaves of oryza sativa and setaria italica during greening. 1977612539
in vitro development of plants from microspores of rice.rice (oryza sativa l., 2n=24) anthers containing microspores in the early-uninucleate to first-mitosis stages were induced successfully to develop into plants in vitro through an intermediary step of callus formation. callus initiation occurred with highest frequency in anthers containing mid-uninucleate imcrospores. the callus derived from different stages of microspore development differed in the potential to differentiate into plants. the plants regenerated from pollen callus were predominant ...1977903172
factors modifying radiation induced stimulation in plants: pre-irradiation seed moisture content.the effect of moisture content of seeds at the time of irradiation in relation to radiation-induced stimulation was investigated on rice (oryza sativa c.v. d-6-2-2). the optimum moisture content was 8% for stimulation measured as seedling height. it is concluded that seed moisture at the time of irradiation plays an important role in the expression of stimulation and its reproducibility.1977866584
free sugars in relation to starch accumulation in developing rice grain.the changes in sugars (water-soluble carbohydrates) were studied in the developing grain of rice (oryza sativa l., variety ir28 and ir29) in relation to the role of these sugars as precursors of adp glucose in starch accumulation. the levels of total sugars, total reducing sugars and free glucose, sucrose and other nonreducing sugars, maltooligosaccharides, and total and nonsucrosyl fructose followed closely the changes in the rate of starch accumulation, in both ir28 and 29; the peak value occu ...197716659864
some properties of 3-phosphoglycerate phosphatase from developing rice grain.some properties of 3-p-glycerate phosphatase from developing caryopsis of rice (oryza sativa l., variety ir26) were studied. the enzyme was found to be soluble and not bound to starch, and concentrated mainly in the pericarp-aleurone layer; its maximum activity was at 12 to 14 days after flowering. contents of 3-p-glycerate and chlorophyll were highest in the grain at 7 to 8 days after flowering when starch synthesis was at a maximum. the enzyme was purified about 100-fold by precipitation with ...197716659802
effect of fusicoccin on plant cell cultures and protoplasts.we have assayed the capacity of the fungal toxin fusicoccin to induce some of its characteristic effects (acidification of the medium, stimulation of k(+), and of 3-o-methyl-d-glucose uptake) in cell suspensions of parthenocissus tricuspidata (siebold et zucc.) planchon, acer pseudoplatanus l. and oryza sativa l., and in protoplast suspensions prepared from leaves of nicotiana tabacum l. and spinacia oleracea l. or from cultures of p. tricuspidata. evidence is presented showing that all tested b ...197724420024
growth responses of rice seedlings to triacontanol in light and dark.triacontanol, a 30-carbon primary alcohol, applied in nutrient culture solutions to rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings at 2.3×10(-8) m (10 μg/l), caused an increase in dry weight and leaf area of the whole plants. the response could be observed as early as 3 h of treatment. it was observed at relatively high and low light intensities as well as in the dark where control plants lost but triacontanol-treated plants gained in dry weight. the dry weight gain in the dark was, however, eliminated by rem ...197724419896
mutagenic effect of argemone oil in oryza sativa l.in view of the large scale adulteration of edible oils with argemone oil, a study was undertaken to test its mutagenicity on rice seed. in treatment with screw-pressed oil a marked reduction in seed germination and high chlorophyll mutation and mutant frequencies were observed. in sequential treatments between gamma rays and argemone oil both mutation and mutant frequencies were significantly higher than that of individual treatments. this study clearly indicates that argemone oil is a potent mu ...1977876267
hydrogen isotope effects in the cyclization of d-glucose 6-phosphate by myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase.myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase (ec 5.5.1.4) from rat testis, acer pseudoplatanus l. cell culture and oryza sativa l. cell culture, converted d-[5-3h]glucose 6-phosphate to myo-[2-3h]inositol 1-phosphate at rates ranging from 0.21 to 0.48 that of unlabeled substrate. d-[3-3h]- and d-[4-3h]glucose 6-phosphate were converted at approximately the same rate as that of unlabeled substrate. in the case of testis enzyme, storage as a frozen solution further lowered the rate with d-[5-3h]glucose 6-pho ...1977903359
genetic analysis of bacterial blight resistance in seventy-four cultivars of rice, oryza sativa l.the genetics of resistance to bacterial blight, xanthomonas oryzae (uyeda and ishiyama) dowson, for 74 cultivars of rice, oryza sativa l., was studied. the px061 isolate of bacterial blight from the philippines was used for inoculation of parental and hybrid populations. single dominant genes at the xa 4 locus convey resistance in 38 cultivars. of these, 18 are resistant at all stages of plant growth and thus have the xa 4 (a)allele for resistance. however, 20 are susceptible up to maximum tille ...197824311342
studies on molybdenum absorption and transport in bean and rice.the patterns of molybdenum (moo(4) (2-)) absorption and transport were investigated in intact bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) and rice (oryza sativa l. cv. i.r.8) plants. the mobility of moo(4) (2-) absorbed by roots and by leaves was compared with that of a freely mobile element, rb(+). although moo(4) (2-) absorption by bean roots was nearly as high as that of rb(+), its transport to the shoot was considerably less. when moo(4) (2-) was fed to one of the primary leaves, most of it was transported ...197816660481
environmental parameters affecting dark response of rice seedlings (oryza sativa l.) to triacontanol.triacontanol applied to ir-8 rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings in nutrient solution caused an increase in dry weight during a 6-hour dark period. this increase was altered by atmospheric co(2) and o(2) concentrations. the largest growth response occurred from 200 to 350 muliters/liter co(2) with 5% o(2). the treated seedlings did not fix atmospheric co(2) in the dark, and the immediate products of photosynthesis were not involved in the dry weight increase. the growth response was characterized b ...197816660400
inheritance of semidwarfism in rice, oryza sativa l.the inheritance of plant height was investigated in a ten-parent diallel cross of diverse rice cultivars. parents included two tall japonica lines and eight semidwarf lines. data from parent, f(1), f(2 ), and f(3) generations indicated that the majority of height variation among the ten parents could be accounted for by three major genes with additive loci effects. d51, 72/2234-11, and g33 (derived from the known major-gene indica semidwarf dee-geo-woo-gen) all were found to possess an allelic, ...197817248812
comparison of the uptake of nitrate and ammonium by rice seedlings: influences of light, temperature, oxygen concentration, exogenous sucrose, and metabolic inhibitors.the uptake of nitrate and ammonium by rice (oryza sativa) seedlings was compared under various conditions. nitrate uptake showed a 1-hour lag phase and then a rapid absorption phase, whereas ammonium uptake showed passive absorption during the first hour, then a shoulder of absorption, followed by a rapid metabolism-dependent absorption phase. light did not affect the uptake of nitrate or ammonium. the uptake of nitrate and ammonium was markedly suppressed by removal of the endosperm. after remo ...197816660579
penicillin-induced formation of ribonuclease in rice (oryza sativa l.) endosperm and its inhibition by abscisic acid.penicillin stimulates the formation of ribonuclease in embryoless rice (oryza sativa l.) endosperm and enhances gibberelin-induced response. penicillin-induced rnase production is completely inhibited by abscisic acid.1979227713
the major dna polymerase in cultured plant cells: partial purification and correlation with cell multiplication.a dna polymerase activity was isolated from cells of oryza sativa l. grown in suspension culture. molecular mass (∼ 180,000), optimal requirements for ph (neutral), mg(2+) (5-10 mm), mn(2+) (1 mm), template preference (activated dna), lack of activity with native or denatured dna, and sensitivity to n-ethylmaleimide and ionic strength are similar to those of the vertebrate α-polymerase. like dna polymerase α, the dna polymerase described in this work is the most abundant in proliferating cells o ...197924318322
mode of inheritance of dwarf stature and allelic relationships among various spontaneous and induced dwarfs of cultivated rice oryza sativa l.genetic study of spontaneous and induced dwarfs included the mode of inheritance of dwarf stature and the allelic relationships among various dwarfs. qualitative genetic analysis involving crosses of fourteen dwarfs with a common tall variety 'iari 11124' showed that the degree of dominance in the f1 hybrids varied with the cross. with the exception of the crosses of iari 6579 and iari 10560 with the tall variety, all crosses exhibited incomplete dominance. the segregation pattern in f2 populati ...197924306608
enzymic mechanisms of starch breakdown in germinating rice seeds: 7. amylase formation in the epithelium.the time sequence analysis of the starch digestion pattern of the thin sectioned germinating rice (oryza sativa l.) seed specimens using the starch film method showed that at the initial stage amylase activity was almost exclusively localized in the epithelium septum between the scutellum and endosperm. starch breakdown in the endosperm tissues began afterward; amylase activity in the aleurone layers was detectable only after 2 days. polyacrylamide gel electrofocusing (ph 4 to 6) revealed nearly ...197916660724
specificity of 1-triacontanol as a plant growth stimulator and inhibition of its effect by other long-chain compounds.the effect of several analogs of 1-triacontanol (tria), differing in c-chain length (16-32), the position of the hydroxyl group and the terminal functional group, were tested alone and in combination with tria on the growth of rice (oryza sativa l.), maize (zea mays l.) and tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.) seedlings. applied alone, none of the compounds caused an increase in growth; thus, chain length (30 c) and presence and position (terminal) of the hydroxyl group appear to be specific f ...197924407259
identification of gibberellins in the rice plant and quantitative changes of gibberellin a19 throughout its life cycle.the major endogenous gibberellin (ga) in shoots, roots and ears of the rice plant, oryza sativa l. japonica cv. nihonbare, was identified as ga19 by combined gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) and gc-selected ion current monitoring (gc-sicm). another ga present in these tissues in small quantity was tentatively identified as ga1 by gc-sicm, and ga4 may be present in the seeds (kernels) of 3rd-leaf-stage seedlings. using gc-sicm, the ga19 content was quantified throughout the lif ...197924318057
endogenous plant growth substances in developing fruit of prunus cerasus l: vii. isolation of gibberellin a(32).a polar gibberellin active in the dwarf rice (oryza sativa l.) seedling and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) half-seed assays was extracted from immature sour cherry (prunus cerasus l.) seed and identified as gibberellin a(32) by gas-liquid chromatography and selected ion monitoring.197916660663
protein quality in cereals and pulses. 1. application of microbiological and other in vitro methods in the evaluation of rice (oryza sativa l.), sorghum (sorghum vulgare pers.), barley and field beans (vicia faba l.).1. the streptococcus zymogenes assay procedure was modified and used in the estimation of available methionine and relative nutritional value in rice (oryza sativa l.), sorghum (sorghum vulgare pers.), barley and field beans (vicia faba l.). the results were assessed in relation to the content of tannins and 'dye-binding lysine', and to published information on the nutritional quality of some of the test samples. 2. in grain of ten varieties of sorghum, for which other workers had reported a cor ...1979427087
production of 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine by a new species of streptomyces and its herbicidal activity.9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-a) was produced by a new species of streptomyces designated as s. herbaceus. ara-a was found to have potent herbicidal activity against echinochloa crus-galli, digitaria adscendens and chenopodium ficifolium by the treatment with ara-a before germination of these plants. however, oryza sativa had strong resistance to ara-a.1979528365
[bean and rice mixtures of high protein value (author's transl)].the optimum content of different rice (oryza sativa) and bean (vigna unguiculata l.) combinations was studied in albino rats. the mixture containing 3 g of rice proteins, corresponding to 41g of rice "in natura", and 7 g of bean protein, corresponding to 59 g of bean "in natura", presented the highest protein efficiency ratio and the feed efficiency ratio. since the limiting amino acid of this mixture was methionine, new assays using varying levels of this amino acid as a supplement were carried ...1979515465
purification and characterization of a trypsin inhibitor from rice bran.a trypsin inhibitor was isolated and purified from the bran of rice, oryza sativa, by extraction with 1% sodium chloride, heat treatment, ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography on a cm-sephadex c-25 and gel filtration on a sephadex g-75. the final preparation was homogeneous by electrophoretic analysis. rice bran trypsin inhibitor (rbti) had a molecular weight of about 14,500 and an isoelectric point of 8.07. the amino acids, acid composition was characterized by high conten ...1979501453
herbimycin, a new antibiotic produced by a strain of streptomyces.herbimycin, a new antibiotic, was isolated from the fermentation broth of streptomyces hygroscopicus strain no. am-3672, a soil isolate. the molecular formula of herbimycin was determined to be c30h42n2o9. herbimycin was found to have potent herbicidal activity against most mono- and di-cotyledonous plants, especially against cyperus microiria steud. however, oryza sativa showed strong resistance to herbimycin.1979468713
a mechanism of chlorosis caused by 1,3-dimethyl-4-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl)-5-hydroxypyrazole, a herbicidal compound.in organic solvents, 1,3-dimethyl-4-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl)-5-hydroxypyrazole (dtp) converted chlorophyll a and b extracted from rice seedlings (oryza sativa l. ;kinmaze') into pheophytin a and b, respectively. on comparing the chlorophyll-converting activity of dtp to those of acetic, glycolic, 2,4-dichlorobenzoic, monochloroacetic, 2,6-dichlorobenzoic, pyruvic, and dichloroacetic acids, it was demonstrated that dtp induced h(+) into chlorophyll specifically. 5-hydroxypyrazoles, which seem to be ...197916661052
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