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studies on the antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of enzyme-assisted water extracts from du-zhong (eucommia ulmoides oliv.) leaves.enzyme-assisted water extracts (ewedl) and ethanol extracts of du-zhong leaves (eedl) were evaluated for their antioxidant activities using the dpph radical-scavenging assay, fe(2+)-chelating assay, and inhibition ability of the linoleic acid peroxidation assay. in general, the antioxidant activity of du-zhong leaf extracts increased with increasing concentration. based on the two extracting methods with different antioxidative reactions, it was shown that the enzyme-assisted water extracting me ...200919912062
protective effects of eucommia ulmoides oliv. bark and leaf on amyloid β-induced cytotoxicity.the objectives of this study were to investigate the protective effects of eucommia ulmoides oliv. (euo) bark and leaf against cytotoxicity induced by amyloid-β peptide (aβ) and to explore their active components. the pc-12 cells injury mediated by aβ(25-35) was employed to assess the neuroprotective effects of euo bark, euo leaf and various compounds. intracellular ca(2+) determination, mtt reduction assay, lactate dehydrogenase leakage evaluation and ho33258/pi staining were used to quantitati ...200921784025
[accumulation of flavonoids and chlorogenic acid in callus and suspension cell of eucommia ulmoides].to analyze and compare the cell growth and accumulation of flavonoids and chlorogenic acid in the callus and suspension cell of eucommia ulmoides.200919873769
elucidation of anti-inflammatory potencies of eucommia ulmoides bark and plantago asiatica seeds.this study elucidated possible mechanisms for the different anti-inflammatory potencies exhibited by the water extracts of eucommia ulmoides bark and plantago asiatica seeds, which contain various iridoids. water extracts of both herbal materials were tested in vitro with a battery of assay models: lipopolysaccharide-induced thromboxane b(2) for cyclooxygenase-1 (cox-1), prostaglandin e(2) for cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2), the translocation of nuclear factor-kappab (nf-kappab), and tumor necrosis fa ...200919735174
[extraction and separation of flavonoids from leave of eucommia ulmoides in aqueous two-phase system].to optimize the aqueous two-phase extraction and separation technology of flavonoids from the leaves of eucommia ulmoides.200920218303
[research on medical speciality of traditional chinese medicines using dot-immunoblotting method based on polyclonal antibody prepared from traditional chinese medicines with hot/cold nature].to research on the substantial foundation of the medical speciality of chinese traditional medicines from immunogenicity.200919459307
a protein-bound polysaccharide from the stem bark of eucommia ulmoides and its anti-complementary effect.bioactivity-guided fractionation of a hot-water extract from the stem bark of eucommia ulmoides led to the isolation of a homogeneous polysaccharide ewds-2, which was identified as a highly branched protein-bound polysaccharide with average molecular weight between 1000 and 2000kda, composed of glc, gal, ara, and rha in the ratio of 2.2:1.0:0.4:0.2, along with traces of man and 6.55% of protein. the main linkages of the residues of ewds-2 include terminal, 1,3-linked, 1,4-linked, 1,2,6-linked, 1 ...200919505678
[hairy root culture optimization and aucubin medical composition production of eucommia ulmoides].to introduce the hairy root of eucommia ulmoides, and screen put the excellent roots.200919894530
the effect of eucommia ulmoides leaf supplementation on the growth performance, blood and meat quality parameters in growing and finishing pigs.the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eucommia ulmoides leaf (eul) supplementation on the growth performance, blood and meat quality parameters in growing and finishing pigs. ninety gilts (l x lw x d, 20 kg initialbw) were housed 10 per pen in a front-open building with three replicate pens per treatment. experimental treatment was started from the beginning of the growing stage (20 +/- 3 kg) by supplementing eul at 0(c), 3(t1) and 5% (t2) to the growing and finishing die ...200920163466
du-zhong (eucommia ulmoides oliv.) cortex extract prevent ovx-induced osteoporosis in rats.du-zhong, rich in polyphenolic compounds such as lignans, phenolic acid, and flavonoids, is a kidney-tonifying herbal medicine with a long history of safe use for treatment of bone fractures and joint diseases in china. in the present study, we examined whether du-zhong cortex extract (dzce) with graded doses exerted its preventive effects on estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis. eighty 3-month-old female sprague-dawley rats were used and randomly assigned into sham-operated group (sham) and ...200918835589
ameliorative effect of eucommia ulmoides oliv. leaves extract (ele) on insulin resistance and abnormal perivascular innervation in fructose-drinking rats.eucommia ulmoides oliv. leaf is a traditional chinese medicine that exhibits an anti-diabetic action. this study was designed to investigate whether long-term administration of eucommia ulmoides oliv. leaves extract (ele) ameliorates pre-diabetic state of insulin resistance and abnormal perivascular innervation in the hyperinsulinemic state.201020219664
antihypertensive effect of eucommia ulmoides oliv. extracts in spontaneously hypertensive rats.to investigate the antihypertensive fractions of eucommia ulmoides oliv. and their underlying mechanisms in spontaneously hypertensive rats (shrs).201020347950
protective effect of a poly-phytocompound on early stage nephropathy secondary to experimentally-induced diabetes.diabetic nephropathy (dn) is a severe and life-threatening complication of long-standing diabetes. as one of the main causes of end-stage renal disease, the prevention and treatment of dn in early stage, and the slowing down of dn progression are of utmost importance and are topics of several ongoing research studies. nutraceuticals endowed with antioxidant-anti-inflammatory properties may offer an opportunity of integrative treatment for this condition. male wistar rats were randomly assigned t ...201020385070
antioxidant properties of du-zhong (eucommia ulmoides oliv.) extracts and their effects on color stability and lipid oxidation of raw pork patties.the ethanol extracts from leaf, roasted cortex, and seed of du-zhong ( eucommia ulmoides oliv.) were examined for total phenolics content (tpc) and total flavonoids content (tfc). the antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated by measuring the radical scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph), ferric reducing antioxidant power (frap), and lipid peroxidation inhibition capacity in a beta-carotene/linoleic acid system. du-zhong leaf extract was found to have the highest t ...201020499841
effects of eucommia leaf extracts on autonomic nerves, body temperature, lipolysis, food intake, and body weight.eucommia ulmoides oliver leaf extracts (ele) have been shown to exert a hypolipidemic effect in hamsters. therefore, it was hypothesized that ele might affect lipid metabolism via changes in autonomic nerve activities and causes changes in thermogenesis and body weight. we examined this hypothesis, and found that intraduodenal (id) injection of ele elevated epididymal white adipose tissue sympathetic nerve activity (wat-sna) and interscapular brown adipose tissue sympathetic nerve activity (bat- ...201020580657
chronic administration of eucommia leaf stimulates metabolic function of rats across several organs.eucommia bark (eucommia ulmoides oliver) has been used as an herbal medicine, and more recently, the plant's leaves have been widely used to prepare tea which may have anti-obesity properties. we used a metabolic syndrome-like rat model, produced by feeding a 35% high-fat diet (hfd), to examine potential anti-obesity and anti-metabolic syndrome effects and mechanisms of chronic administration of eucommia leaf as an extract or green leaf powder. eighty rats were studied for 3 months in ten groups ...201020691136
beneficial effect of eucommia polysaccharides on systemic lupus erythematosus-like syndrome induced by campylobacter jejuni in balb/c mice.the stem bark of eucommia ulmoides oliv. is commonly used for the treatment of hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, lumbago, and ischialgia in traditional chinese medicine. this study was to determine whether the crude polysaccharides (eups) isolated from the stem bark of e. ulmoides had beneficial effects on lupus-like syndrome in mice. balb/c mice were immunized with cj-s(131) in freund's complete adjuvant on day 0, and then boosted on day 14. eups 15 or 30 mg kg(-1).day(-1), or prednisone 5 mg ...201020814813
studies on a chlorogenic acid-producing endophytic fungi isolated from eucommia ulmoides oliver.eucommia ulmoides oliver is a traditional medicinal plant of china, and it is one of the main sources of chlorogenic acid. chlorogenic acid is an ester of caffeic acid, quinic acid, and a phenolic compound that has antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and antitumor activities. the purpose of this study was to determine whether endophytic fungi isolated from eucommia ulmoides oliver had the same ability to produce chlorogenic acid. primary screening was done by antibacterial and antifungal rea ...201020127271
neuroprotective effects of eucommia ulmoides oliv. bark on amyloid beta(25-35)-induced learning and memory impairments in mice.in the present study, we examined whether aqueous extract of eucommia ulmoides oliv. bark (eue) with graded doses exerted its neuroprotective effects on amyloid beta(25-35) (aβ(25-35))-induced learning and memory impairments in mice. mice received a single intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of aβ(25-35) 6 nmol as the critical factor in alzheimer's disease (ad), cognition was evaluated using y-maze, passive avoidance, and morris water maze tests. eue significantly improved the aβ(25-35)-i ...201020974223
response of runoff and soil loss to reforestation and rainfall type in red soil region of southern china.to evaluate the long-term effects of reforestation types on soil erosion on degraded land, vegetation and soil properties under conventional sloping farmland (csf) and three different reforestation types including a pinus massoniana secondary forest (psf), an eucommia ulmoides artificial economic forest (eef) and a natural succession type forest (nst), were investigated at runoff plot scale over a six-year period in a red soil region of southern china. one hundred and thirty erosive rainfall eve ...201021235165
high-throughput and highly sensitive analysis method for polyisoprene in plants by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.natural polyisoprene is a biopolymer consisting of isoprene units (c(5)h(8)) that is used commercially in household, medical, and industrial materials. for the management of natural polyisoprene production, the selection of high-yield polyisoprene-producing trees, and an understanding of polyisoprene biosynthesis, a high-throughput and highly sensitive screening method for the quantification of polyisoprene is required. in this study, we examined pyrolysates from polyisoprenes, polyprenols, caro ...201020057156
the association between traditional chinese dietary and herbal therapies and uterine involution in postpartum women.background. traditional chinese postpartum care is believed to help in the recovery of women after delivery. objective. this study investigated the association of elements in dietary and herbal therapy with uterine involution. methods. indices of uterine involution were measured ultrasonographically in 127 postpartum women between 4-6 weeks after delivery. a self-reported retrospective questionnaire was used to query women about their frequencies of taking herbal medicines and consuming special ...201121584195
identification of a male-specific amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) and a sequence characterized amplified region (scar) marker in eucommia ulmoides oliv.eucommia ulmoides oliv. is a dioecious species. currently, there is no method to identify the sex during the juvenile stage that lasts a relatively long time. this study aimed to develop a sex specific amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) marker for eucommia ulmoides oliv. of a total of 64 aflp primer combinations screened, primer combination e-aca/m-ctt produced a 350 bp male-specific marker. this 350 bp aflp marker was converted into a 247 bp sequence characterized amplified region (s ...201121340018
anti-obesity compounds in green leaves of eucommia ulmoides.the anti-hypertensive effect of eucommia leaves has been confirmed clinically, and the study of their anti-obesity properties has advanced. however, the compounds involved in their anti-obesity effect have not been fully elucidated. in this letter, we examined the anti-obesity effect of eucommia green leaf extract (egle) divided into five fractions with high porous polystyrene gel and of the compounds isolated, geniposidic acid, asperuloside and chlorogenic acid, respectively. a metabolic syndro ...201121324693
protective effect of gcsb-5, an herbal preparation, against peripheral nerve injury in rats.gcsb-5 (traditional name: chungpa-juhn), an herbal medicine composed of 6 crude herbs (saposhnikovia divaricata schiskin, achyranthis bidentata blume, acanthopanax sessiliflorum seem, cibotium baromets j. smith, glycine max meriill, and eucommia ulmoides oliver), has been widely used in asia for treatment of neuropathic and inflammatory diseases. this study investigated the protective effect of gcsb-5 against peripheral nerve injury in vitro and in vivo.201121569830
effect of total glycosides from eucommia ulmoides seed on bone microarchitecture in rats.du-zhong is one of the most important tonic herbs in traditional chinese medicine for the treatment of bone fractures and other bone diseases. the present study examined whether du-zhong seed extract named total glycosides from eucommia ulmoides seed (tgeus) could display an increased effect on bone density and bone strength of the femur in rats. sprague-dawley rats were used and randomly assigned to the normal group and the tgeus group (400ôçëmg/kg body weight/day). daily oral administration of ...201121674630
facilitative effects of eucommia ulmoides on fatty acid oxidation in hypertriglyceridaemic rats.background: tea made from eucommia ulmoides leaves is widely consumed as a health food, since recent studies have revealed various pharmacological effects of the tea, e.g. a hypotriglyceridaemic effect. this study was conducted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the plasma triglyceride-lowering effect of e. ulmoides leaves. results: rats were divided into four groups: a normal group, a group fed a high-fat/high-fructose diet (untreated group) and two groups fed a high-fat/high-fructose diet ...201121815167
evaluation of antidiabetic potential of selected traditional chinese medicines in stz-induced diabetic mice.aims: traditional chinese medicine (tcm) has been used for treating complex chronic diseases owing to their fewer side-effects, better patient tolerance and relatively less cost. the present work was carried out to study the anti-diabetic efficacy and mechanisms of 34 tcms. materials and methods: streptozotocin (stz)-diabetic mice were orally administrated with corresponding herbal solution once a day for 4 weeks. at the end of experiment, the level of plasma glucose, malondialdehyde (mda), the ...201121798327
eucommia ulmoides bark protects against renal injury in cadmium-challenged rats.abstract eucommia ulmoides oliver is a perennial woody plant distributed widely in china. to characterize some major compounds in e. ulmoides bark extract, six compounds were identified via high-performance liquid chromatography qualitative analysis. e. ulmoides bark extract protects against cadmium-induced oxidative damage in rat kidneys. two compounds of e. ulmoides bark extract, geniposide and genipin, which were identified both in serum and in kidney tissue, showed inhibitory effects on ni ...201122181069
validation of a hplc-tandem ms/ms method for pharmacokinetics study of (+)-pinoresinol-di-β-d-glucopyranoside from eucommia ulmoides oliv extract in rats' plasma.natural plant compounds have an unexceptional influence in pharmacy as they provide an uncountable number of invaluable lead molecules. phytochemical researches nowadays focus on bio-assay guided revealing of the therapeutic profile and synergism of medicinal herbs and their constituents. assessing the clinical and biological potential and determining the pharmacokinetics of herbal constituents is also an area of much interest. this work was conducted in order to carry out a sensitive liquid chr ...201122134102
A rapid and sensitive determination of aucubin in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its pharmacokinetic application.A sensitive, accurate, rapid and robust LC-MS-MS method for the quantification of aucubin, a major bioactive constituent of Aucuba japonica, Eucommia ulmoides and Plantago asiatica, was established and validated in rat plasma. Plasma samples were simply precipitated by adding methanol and the supernatant was chromatographed by a Diamonsil® C(18) (2) column with the mobile phase comprising a mixture of 10?mm ammonium acetate in methanol and that in water with the ratio of 50:50 (v/v). Quantificat ...201122113886
a clinical trial testing the safety and efficacy of a standardized eucommia ulmoides oliver bark extract to treat hypertension.a tea made from eucommia ulmoides leaves and bark is part of the japanese diet. eucommia is an herbal medicine that, by increasing nitric oxide, reduced blood pressure (bp) in rats and humans in an uncontrolled clinical trial.201122214253
[cloning and distribution pattern of hmgr gene conserved fragment in alisma orientale].to clone and study the distribution pattern of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase (hmgr) gene conserved fragment in alisma orientale.201122259996
eucommia ulmoides oliv. antagonizes h2o2-induced rat osteoblastic mc3t3-e1 apoptosis by inhibiting expressions of caspases 3, 6, 7, and 9.eucommia ulmoides oliv. (euo), also known as duzhong, native to china, has been reported to have antioxidative function, but its cellular mechanism is not fully examined yet. we investigated inhibitory effects of euo leaf ethanol extracts on h(2)o(2)-induced apoptosis in rat osteoblastic mc3t3-e1 cells and underlying mechanisms. locally-grown duzhong leaves were extracted with ethanol. mc3t3-e1 cells were treated with euo (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 µg/ml) for 24 h, and then h(2)o(2) (800 µmol/ ...201121194186
effects of lignans extracted from eucommia ulmoides and aldose reductase inhibitor epalrestat on hypertensive vascular remodeling.to investigate the effects of lignans extracted from eucommia ulmoides and epalrestat on vascular remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats.201120817083
screening, identification, and potential interaction of active compounds from eucommia ulmodies leaves binding with bovine serum albumin.the aqueous extract of eucommia ulmoides leaves has been commonly known as du-zhong tea as a functional health food for the treatment of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and fatty liver. this study developed a centrifugal ultrafiltration-high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) method for screening and identification of bioactive compounds in e. ulmoides leaves binding with bovine serum albumin (bsa). six active compounds were screened, isolated, and elucidated by their ultraviolet (uv), ...201222385161
construction and analysis of est libraries of the trans-polyisoprene producing plant, eucommia ulmoides oliver.eucommia ulmoides oliver is one of a few woody plants capable of producing abundant quantities of trans-polyisoprene rubber in their leaves, barks, and seed coats. one cdna library each was constructed from its outer stem tissue and inner stem tissue. they comprised a total of 27,752 expressed sequence tags (ests) representing 10,520 unigenes made up of 4,302 contigs and 6,218 singletons. homologues of genes coding for rubber particle membrane proteins that participate in the synthesis of high-m ...201222729820
overexpression of an isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase gene to enhance trans-polyisoprene production in eucommia ulmoides oliver.natural rubber produced by plants, known as polyisoprene, is the most widely used isoprenoid polymer. plant polyisoprenes can be classified into two types; cis-polyisoprene and trans-polyisoprene, depending on the type of polymerization of the isoprene unit. more than 2000 species of higher plants produce latex consisting of cis-polyisoprene. hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree) produces cis-polyisoprene, and is the key source of commercial rubber. in contrast, relatively few plant species produce t ...201223110380
[enzymatic extraction and antibacterial activity of aucubin from eucommia ulmoides leaves].to investigate the technology of aucubin in eucommia ulmoides leaves extracted by enzymatic method and its antibacterial activity.201222822679
protective effects of different extracts of eucommia ulmoides oliv. against thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.a comparison of analysis in evaluating the hepatoprotective action of fractional ethanolic (f0), ethyl acetic (f1), n-butanol (f2) and aqueous (f3) extracts of e. ulmoides oliv. (euo) against thioacetamide (taa) induced hepatic damage was studied in mice. the extract (453 mg/kg-f0, 104 mg/kg-f1, 95 mg/kg-f2 and 237 mg/kg-f3 body weight, po, once daily for 15 days) restored serum marker enzymes levels to normal in taa treated mice. the biochemical biomarkers viz., total protein, albumin and total ...201223986971
a new ursane-type nor-triterpenoid from the leaves of eucommia ulmoides oliv.a new ursane-type nortriterpenoid, (11s,12s)-4-methyl-11,12-epoxy-2-hydroxy-3-oxoursa-1,4-dine-28-oic acid γ-lactone (1), named ulmoidol a, together with ten known compounds: ulmoidol (2), corosolic acid (3), 2α,3α-dihydroxy-24-nor-4(23),12-oleanadien-28-oic acid (4), oleanolic acid (5), ursolic acid (6), cycloart-3β, 25-diol (7), foliasalacioside b1 (8), (6r,7e,9r)-9-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one-9-o-α-l-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside (9), (6r, ...201223183887
eucommia leaf extract (ele) prevents ovx-induced osteoporosis and obesity in rats.the cortex of eucommia ulmoides oliver is widely used to treat kidney deficiency in traditional chinese medicine. its leaves have recently been reported to have anti-obesity properties in metabolic syndrome-like rat models. due to a sharp decline in estrogen production, obesity, together with osteoporosis, are common problems in postmenopausal women. in this study, we examined the potential effect of eucommia leaf extract (ele) in preventing osteoporosis and obesity induced by ovariectomy (ovx). ...201222809028
eucommia ulmoides oliv. bark. protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced neuronal cell death in sh-sy5y cells.eucommia ulmoides oliv. bark. (eue), has commonly been used to fortify the muscles and lungs, lower blood pressure, prevent miscarriage, improve the tone of liver and kidneys, and promote longevity the traditional tonic medicines of korea, china, and japan.201222735663
the ca2+ -dependent dnases are involved in secondary xylem development in eucommia ulmoides.secondary xylem development has long been recognized as a typical case of programmed cell death (pcd) in plants. during pcd, the degradation of genomic dna is catalyzed by endonucleases. however, to date, no endonuclease has been shown to participate in secondary xylem development. two novel ca(2+) -dependent dnase genes, eucan1 and eucan2, were identified from the differentiating secondary xylem of the tree eucommia ulmoides oliv., their functions were studied by dnase activity assay, in situ h ...201222694768
classical to current approach for treatment of psoriasis: a review.psoriasis is a genetic predisposition with t-cell mediated autoimmune inflammatory skin disorder, characterized by cutaneous inflammation, increased epidermal proliferation, hyperkeratosis, angiogenesis, and abnormal keratinization that affects up to 2 - 3% of the population worldwide. common therapies that are used for the treatment of psoriasis include topical, systemic, phototherapy, combination, herbal therapy and novel molecules. topically used agents include vit d, calcipotriol, corticoste ...201222463723
asperuloside stimulates metabolic function in rats across several organs under high-fat diet conditions, acting like the major ingredient of eucommia leaves with anti-obesity activity.eucommia leaves (eucommia ulmoides oliver) contain chlorogenic acid (a caffeic acid derivative) and geniposidic acid and asperuloside (asp), iridoid glucosides used in beverages. we used a metabolic syndrome rat model, produced by feeding a 35 % high-fat diet (hfd), to examine potential anti-obesity and anti-metabolic syndrome effects and mechanisms of chronic administration of asp. these effects were compared with eucommia leaf extract (ele), the positive control, which exhibits anti-obesity ef ...201225191539
structure identification and fermentation characteristics of pinoresinol diglucoside produced by phomopsis sp. isolated from eucommia ulmoides oliv.pinoresinol diglucoside (pdg) is the important antihypertensive compound in eucommia ulmoides oliv., a traditional chinese herb medicine. the research objective was to certify the possibility of producing pdg through fermentation. pdg-producing endophytic fungi were isolated from e. ulmoides oliv., and the highest pdg-yielding (11.65 mg/l) isolate, xp-8, was identified as phomopsis sp. according to the morphological characteristics and the phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of the gene s ...201222048615
a rapid ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of ten compounds in eucommia ulmodies oliv.a rapid method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of constituents in eucommia ulmoides oliv. was developed by ultra performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (uplc-esi-ms). ten compounds including iridoids, phenylpropanoids, and flavonoids were identified and further quantified as marker substances by uplc-uv using switching uv wavelength within 16min. the separation was carried out on an acquity uplc beh c(18) column with 0.1% formic acid aqu ...201221907523
simultaneous ligand fishing and identification of human serum albumin binders from eucommia ulmoides bark using surface plasmon resonance-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.eucommia ulmoides bark has long been known as tonic herb, however, the systematic biochemical fingerprint analysis and corresponding structural identification are inadequate so far. here we describe on-line surface plasmon resonance-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (spr-hplc-ms/ms) to fish out and identify human serum albumin (hsa) binders from e. ulmoides bark. a total of 22 hsa binders, including 4 iridoids, 11 lignans, 3 flavonoids and 4 phenolic acids, were ide ...201324141043
effects of an aqueous extract of eucommia on articular cartilage in a rat model of osteoarthritis of the knee.osteoarthritis is a common chronic and progressively degenerative joint condition. the stem bark of eucommia ulmoides oliver (a member of the eucommiaceae family), which is also known as du-zhong, is a traditional chinese medicine commonly used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. however, the mechanisms underlying the effects of eucommia in the treatment of arthritis of the knee require further study. the present study investigated the effects of an aqueous extract of eucommia on the arti ...201324137247
mechanism of the inhibitory effects of eucommia ulmoides oliv. cortex extracts (euce) in the ccl 4 -induced acute liver lipid accumulation in rats.eucommia ulmoides oliv. (eu) has been used for treatment of liver diseases. the protective effects of eucommia ulmoides oliv. cortex extracts (euce) on the carbon tetrachloride- (ccl4-) induced hepatic lipid accumulation were examined in this study. rats were orally treated with euce in different doses prior to an intraperitoneal injection of 1 mg/kg ccl4. acute injection of ccl4 decreased plasma triglyceride but increased hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol as compared to control rats. on the ...201324027582
inhibitory effects of eucommia ulmoides oliv. bark on scopolamine-induced learning and memory deficits in mice.eucommia ulmoides oliv. bark (eue) is commonly used for the treatment of hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, lumbago, and ischialgia as well as to promote longevity. in this study, we tested the effects of eue aqueous extract in graded doses to protect and enhance cognition in scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairments in mice. eue significantly improved the impairment of short-term or working memory induced by scopolamine in the y-maze and significantly reversed learning and memory def ...201324404337
eucommia ulmoides oliver extract, aucubin, and geniposide enhance lysosomal activity to regulate er stress and hepatic lipid accumulation.eucommia ulmoides oliver is a natural product widely used as a dietary supplement and medicinal plant. here, we examined the potential regulatory effects of eucommia ulmoides oliver extracts (eue) on hepatic dyslipidemia and its related mechanisms by in vitro and in vivo studies. eue and its two active constituents, aucubin and geniposide, inhibited palmitate-induced endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress, reducing hepatic lipid accumulation through secretion of apolipoprotein b and associated trigly ...201324349058
extraction of aucubin from seeds of eucommia ulmoides oliv. using supercritical carbon dioxide.supercritical co2 was used as solvent for the extraction of aucubin from the seeds of eucommia ulmoides oliv. the co-solvent composition was tested and extraction conditions were optimized. results showed that the best co-solvent was a water-ethanol mixture (1 + 3, v/v), and the highest yield was obtained when the extraction was performed under 26 mpa at extraction and separation temperatures of 55 and 30 degrees c for 120 min, using 6 ml co-solvent/g material at a co2 flow rate of 20 l/h. in a ...201319382566
hypertensive cardiac remodeling effects of lignan extracts from eucommia ulmoides oliv. bark--a famous traditional chinese medicine.the lignan extracts from the tree bark of eucommia ulmoides oliv., a famous traditional chinese medicine, have been demonstrated to have inhibitory effects on aldose reductase activity in spontaneously hypertensive rat myocardium. this study was aimed to investigate the hypertensive cardiac remodeling effects of the lignan extracts together with epalrestat. ten-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 12, each) and administered 100 mg/kg/d of cap ...201323895153
heat shock factor 1 inducers from the bark of eucommia ulmoides as cytoprotective agents.the barks of eucommia ulmoides (eucommiae cortex, eucommiaceae) have been used as a traditional medicine in korea, japan, and china to treat hypertension, reinforce the muscles and bones, and recover the damaged liver and kidney functions. among these traditional uses, to establish the recovery effects on the damaged organs on the basis of phytochemistry, the barks of e. ulmoides have been investigated to afford three known phenolic compounds, coniferaldehyde glucoside (1), bartsioside (2), and ...201323847077
histochemical study of trans-polyisoprene accumulation by spectral confocal laser scanning microscopy and a specific dye showing fluorescence solvatochromism in the rubber-producing plant, eucommia ulmoides oliver.a microscopic technique combining spectral confocal laser scanning microscopy with a lipophilic fluorescent dye, nile red, which can emit trans-polyisoprene specific fluorescence, was developed, and unmixed images of synthesized trans-polyisoprene in situ in eucommia ulmoides were successfully obtained. the images showed that trans-polyisoprene was initially synthesized as granules in non-articulated laticifers that changed shape to fibers during laticifer maturation. non-articulated laticifers ...201323775438
[advance in study on pharmacological effect of eucommiae folium].eucommia ulmoides is a valuable traditional chinese medicine, whose cortexes have long been used as medi cines. due to the scarcity of its resources, people began using its leaves instead of cortexes in medicines. eucommiae folium and its leaves have many pharmacological effects and thereby being clinically applied as genuine traditional chinese medicines. modern pharmological studies have showed that eucommiae folium leaves have such effects as blood pressure reduction, blood lipid regulation, ...201323717951
preparative isolation and purification of seven main antioxidants from eucommia ulmoides oliv. (du-zhong) leaves using hsccc guided by dpph-hplc experiment.seven antioxidants were purified from eucommia ulmoides oliv. leaves using hsccc guided by dpph-hplc experiment. hsccc was successfully used to separate target antioxidants by three runs with different solvent systems after d101 column chromatography fractionation. ethyl acetate-n-butanol-water (1:2:3, v/v/v) was selected as the optimum solvent system to purify geniposidic acid. ethyl acetate-ethanol-water (4:1:5, v/v/v) was used to isolate caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid. while ...201323561146
combination of preparative hplc and hsccc methods to separate phosphodiesterase inhibitors from eucommia ulmoides bark guided by ultrafiltration-based ligand screening.phosphodiesterase (pde) inhibitors are widely used because of their various pharmacological properties, and natural products are considered the most productive source of pde inhibitors. in this work, a new ultrafiltration-high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc)-diode-array detection-mass spectrometry based ligand screening was developed for the first screening of pde inhibitors from eucommia ulmoides bark, and then the target bioactive compounds were prepared by combination of stepwise pre ...201323404133
optimization of extraction of eucommia ulmoides polysaccharides by response surface methodology.in this study, extraction yield of eucommia ulmoides polysaccharides was optimized by the utilization of response surface methodology (rsm). based on contour plots and variance analysis, optimum operational conditions for maximizing extraction yield were found to be extraction time 80 min, ratio of water to raw material 3, and extraction number 3. then, we investigated the protective effect of the e. ulmoides polysaccharides on the tissue peroxidative damage and abnormal antioxidant levels in is ...201323399217
seasonal difference in antioxidant capacity and active compounds contents of eucommia ulmoides oliver leaf.leaf of eucommia ulmoides oliver (eu) is a traditional chinese medicine and a functional food in china. antioxidant contents of eu leaves, which were collected monthly during the period of may-october in three years, were determined. samples' antioxidant capacity was characterized by dpph radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, ferrous chelating ability, and antioxidant capacity in linoleic acid emulsion and in rapeseed oil assays. the results showed that contents of s ...201323377129
anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activities of ethanol extracts of selected traditional chinese medicinal herbs.to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial activities of selected 58 ethno-medicinal plant extracts with a view to assess their therapeutic potential.201323827142
eucommia ulmoides oliv.: ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of an important traditional chinese medicine.eucommia ulmoides oliv. (family eucommiaceae), also known as dù-zhòng (chinese: ), tuchong (in japanese), is the sole species of the genus eucommia. the leaf, stem, and bark as well as staminate flower of eucommia ulmoides have been traditionally used to cure many diseases in china, japan, korea, among others. the aim of this review is to comprehensively outline the botanical description, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, biological activities, and toxicology of eucommia ulmoides and to discuss ...201424296089
anti-inflammatory activity of iridoid and catechol derivatives from eucommia ulmoides oliver.neuroinflammation and pro-inflammatory mediators play key roles in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including stroke, which account for a significant burden of morbidity and mortality worldwide. recently, the unsatisfactory pharmacotherapy and side effects of the drugs led to the development of alternative medicine for treating these diseases. du zhong (dz), eucommia ulmoides oliver leaves, is a commonly used herb in the therapy of stroke in china. we hypothesize that the component ...201425065689
relationship between progeny growth performance and molecular marker-based genetic distances in eucommia ulmoides parental genotypes.progeny performances, variations and combining abilities for growth traits were evaluated in a factorial mating design of eucommia ulmoides. three marker systems, sequence-related amplified polymorphism, amplified fragment length polymorphism, and inter-simple sequence repeat, were used to determine genetic distances between parents. correlations of genetic distances with progeny performances, within-family coefficients of variation and specific-combining abilities were established for height an ...201425062409
[chemical constituents of leaf of eucommia ulmoides].ten compounds were isolated from the leaf of eucommia ulmoides by means of recrystallization and chromatographic techniques such as d-101 macroporous resin, mci resin, ods gel, sephadex lh-20 and rp-hplc. their structures were identified by nmr spectral analyses as kaempferide 3-o-beta-d-glucoside (1), quercetin-3-o-beta-d-glucoside (2), quercetin (3), quercetin-3-o-beta-d-xylosyl-(1-->2)-beta-d-galactoside (4), kaempferol-3-o-alpha-l-rhamnosyl-(1-->6)-beta-d-glucoside (5), (2s,3s)-taxifolin 3-o ...201425039180
lc/ms/ms determination and pharmacokinetic studies of six compounds in rat plasma following oral administration of the single and combined extracts of eucommia ulmoides and dipsacus asperoides.to establish and apply a new lc/ms/ms method for the simultaneous, quantitative determination of six ingredients, aucubin (au), geniposide (gp), geniposidic acid (gpa), pinoresinol diglucoside (pdg), secologanin (slg), and loganin (lg) in single and combined extracts of eucommia ulmoides and dipsacus asperoides.201424969529
5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde inhibits adipogenic and enhances osteogenic differentiation of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells.eucommiae cortex (eucommia ulmoides oliver bark) has been used for anti-osteoporosis usually as an ethnic drug for hundred years in china. in this study, a bioactive compound, 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde (5-hmf), was isolated from eucommiae cortex. we found that after rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (bmscs) were induced by 5-hmf at the concentration of 0.05, 0.10 and 0.20 microg/ml in the normal medium for 7 and 14 days, the mrna expression of alp, col1alpha1 (7 days only), ocn and opn incre ...201424868876
the first genetic linkage map of eucommia ulmoides.in accordance with pseudo-testcross strategy, the first genetic linkage map of eucommia ulmoides oliv. was constructed by an f1 population of 122 plants using amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) markers. a total of 22 aflp primer combinations generated 363 polymorphic markers. we selected 289 markers segregating as 1:1 and used them for constructing the parent-specific linkage maps. among the candidate markers, 127 markers were placed on the maternal map lf and 108 markers on the pater ...201424840819
effects of total lignans from eucommia ulmoides barks prevent bone loss in vivo and in vitro.the present study systematically investigate the in vivo and in vitro effect of total lignans (tl) extracted from eucommia ulmoides oliv. barks on bone formation using ovariectomy rat model and primary cultures of rat osteoblasts.201424786573
[comparative study on distribution of endophytic fungi in eucommia barks from different habitats].a total of 152 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from the barks of eucommia ulmoides in three regions (lueyang country, zunyi country, cili country). based on morphological characteristics and analysis of its sequences, these strains were identified into 8 genera. thereinto phomopsis, diaporthe and alternaria were common genera to eucommia barks from different sites. but the dominant genus was different: alternaria was the dominant genus in the barks from cili country, and phomopsis was ...201424761632
comparison of the effects of high energy carbon heavy ion irradiation and eucommia ulmoides oliv. on biosynthesis butyric acid efficiency in clostridium tyrobutyricum.clostridium tyrobutyricum is well documented as a fermentation strain for the production of butyric acid. in this work, using high-energy carbon heavy ion irradiated c. tyrobutyricum, then butyric acid fermentation using glucose or alkali and acid pretreatments of eucommia ulmoides oliv. as a carbon source was carried out. initially, the modes at ph 5.7-6.5 and 37°c were compared using a model medium containing glucose as a carbon source. when the 72gl(-1) glucose concentration was found to be t ...201424704888
eucommia ulmoides cortex, geniposide and aucubin regulate lipotoxicity through the inhibition of lysosomal bax.in this study we examined the inhibition of hepatic dyslipidemia by eucommia ulmoides extract (eue). using a screening assay for bax inhibition we determined that eue regulates bax-induced cell death. among various cell death stimuli tested eue regulated palmitate-induced cell death, which involves lysosomal bax translocation. eue rescued palmitate-induced inhibition of lysosomal v-atpase, α-galactosidase, α-mannosidase, and acid phosphatase, and this effect was reversed by bafilomycin, a lysoso ...201424586300
lignans from the bark of eucommia ulmoides inhibited ang ii-stimulated extracellular matrix biosynthesis in mesangial cells.tree bark of eucommia ulmoides oliv., (commonly well-known as "du-zhong" in china), has been used to treat hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, hepatic fibrosis and renal injury. this study aims to investigate the effects of lignans extracted from the bark of eucommia ulmoides oliv. on ang ii-induced proliferation and extracellular matrix biosynthesis in rat mesangial cells.201424524265
a molecular genetic linkage map of eucommia ulmoides and quantitative trait loci (qtl) analysis for growth traits.eucommia ulmoides is an economically important tree species for both herbal medicine and organic chemical industry. effort to breed varieties with improved yield and quality is limited by the lack of knowledge on the genetic basis of the traits. a genetic linkage map of e. ulmoides was constructed from a full-sib family using sequence-related amplified polymorphism, amplified fragment length polymorphism, inter-simple sequence repeat and simple sequence repeat markers. in total, 706 markers were ...201424477264
improved on-line high performance liquid chromatography method for detection of antioxidants in eucommia ulmoides oliver flower.eucommia ulmoides oliver is a traditional chinese medicine and material for functional food with a strong antioxidant activity. to investigate antioxidants in e. ulmoides oliver flower, an improved on-line high performance liquid chromatography method with the radical cation 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (abts(+)) as a stable model free radical for the detection of radical scavenging ability was developed. the radical concentration, flow rate, and length of reaction coil wer ...201424468073
du-zhong (eucommia ulmoides) prevents disuse-induced osteoporosis in hind limb suspension rats.du-zhong has a long history of being used in traditional chinese formulas to treat bone related diseases. the objective of the present study is to systematically investigate the effects of du-zhong cortex extract (dzce) on disuse-induced osteoporosis. rats were randomly divided into four groups, and three groups were treated with hind limb suspension (hls). control and hls group received deionized distilled water, while the other two groups received alendronate (2.0 mg/kg/day) and dzce (300 mg/k ...201424467541
eucommia ulmoides oliv. bark. attenuates 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal cell death through inhibition of oxidative stress in sh-sy5y cells.eucommia ulmoides oliv. bark. (eue) has commonly been used to fortify the muscles and lungs, lower blood pressure, prevent miscarriage, improve liver and kidney tone, and promote longevity as a traditional tonic medicine in korea, china, and japan.201424440915
[study on chemical constituents of eucommia ulmoides leaves].to investigate the chemical constituents of eucommia ulmoides leaves.201425895383
[analysis of genetic diversity of cultivated eucommia ulmoides from guizhou province by phenotypic traits and scot markers].to explore the phenotypic characteristics and the genetic diversity of cultivated eucommia ulmoides from guizhou province.201425726639
neuroprotective effects of macranthoin g from eucommia ulmoides against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in pc12 cells via inhibiting nf-κb activation.oxidative stress-mediated cellular injury has been considered as a major cause of neurodegenerative diseases including alzheimer and parkinson diseases. the scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ros) mediated by antioxidants may be a potential strategy for retarding the disease's progression. macranthoin g (mcg), isolated from eucommia ulmoides, is a derivative from chlorogenic acid methyl ester and caffeic acid. this study is aimed to investigate the protective role of mcg against the cytotoxi ...201425451577
studies on resin purification process optimization of eucommia ulmoides oliver and its antihypertensive effect mechanism.through research it is found that the barks, stems, fruits and flowers of eucommia ulmoides contain various compositions, such as lignin, cycloalkane and phenylpropanoids. the modern pharmacological research shows that eucommia ulmoides has many functions, such as anti-aging, antitumor and bone cell proliferation. this paper studied the resin purification process optimization conditions and antihypertensive effect of eucommia ulmoides oliver.201425435636
simultaneous quantification of eleven bioactive components of male flowers of eucommia ulmoides oliver by hplc and their quality evaluation by chemical fingerprint analysis with hierarchical clustering analysis.eucommia ulmoides oliv (eu), a dioecious perennial angiosperm, is one of the oldest tonics in chinese traditional medicine. the tea of male flowers of eu has been become popularities and seen as aspirational health care tea in china. there were no enough marks and effective method to control the quality of male flowers of eu.201425422543
report: molecular basis of antibacterial activities in extracts of eucommia ulmoides wood.as one of the famous medicinal plants in china, the bark of eucommia ulmoides is considered as the important traditional chinese medicine. however, the constituents of eucommia ulmoides wood isn't used effectively. therefore, the molecules of wood extracts in eucommia ulmoides are studied to further utilize the resources. the results show that the optimal extraction time period of ethanol/methanol extraction, petroleum ether/acetic ether extraction, and benzene/alcohol extraction are 3h, 5h, and ...201425410085
genetic diversity and relationships among chinese eucommia ulmoides cultivars revealed by sequence-related amplified polymorphism, amplified fragment length polymorphism, and inter-simple sequence repeat markers.sequence-related amplified polymorphism (srap), amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp), and inter-simple sequence repeat (issr) markers were used to estimate the genetic diversity and relationships among eucommia ulmoides cultivars in china. a total of 240, 192, and 150 dna fragments were detected by 10 srap primer combinations, 10 aflp primer combinations, and 10 issr primers, among which 89.2, 65.1, and 88.0% of the fragments were polymorphic, respectively. cluster analysis revealed tha ...201425366761
[chemical constituents of eucommia ulmoides].to study the chemical compositions of eucommia ulmoides.201425335288
[study on ecological suitability regionalization of eucommia ulmoides in guizhou].to study the ecological suitability regionalization of eucommia ulmoides, for selecting artificial planting base and high-quality industrial raw material purchase area of the herb in guizhou.201425335280
[phenylpropanoids constituents of eucommia ulmoides leaves].to investigate phenylpropanoids constituents from eucommia ulmoides leaves.201425174105
effect of quercetin-3-o-sambubioside isolated from eucommia ulmoides male flowers on spontaneous activity and convulsion rate in mice.the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of quercetin-3-o-sambubioside on the neural system. quercetin-3-o-sambubioside is a monomeric compound found in eucommia ulmoides male flowers from which it was extracted using a system solvent method. in the experiments, spontaneous activity and convulsion rate in mice were recorded, and quercetin-3-o-sambubioside shows eminent effects similar to nikethamide on increasing spontaneous activity and stimulating the nerve center to enhance excit ...201425098932
investigation into the mechanism of eucommia ulmoides oliv. based on a systems pharmacology approach.though traditional chinese medicine (tcm) has long been playing a significant role in the maintenance of health for people in asia as well as many other places, the mechanism of its action still remains ambiguous for most of the plants used in tcm, such as eucommia ulmoides oliv., a kind of herb that is widely used to help regulate hypertension and the immune system nowadays. however, its functioning mechanism is still unknown. thus it is necessary to exploit the mechanism of eucommia ulmoides o ...201424239601
[triterpenes constituents from male flowers of eucommia ulmoides].nine triterpenes compounds were isolated from the male flowers of eucommia ulmoides by recrystallization and chromatographic techniques over silica gel, sephadex lh-20, and rp-18 gel. their chemical structures were identified on the basis of spectral analysis and as 3-oxo-12-en-ursane-28-o-α-l-arabinofuranosyl (1 --> 6) -β-d-glucopyranoside (1), 2α, 3β-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid(28 --> 1) -β-d-glucopyranosyl ester (2), ursolic acid (3), α-amyrin (4), uvaol (5), ursolic acid acetate (6), 3-o- ...201425775798
anticomplementary activity of the constituents of eucommia ulmoides bark.a study was made on the anticomplementary activity of the lignoid and iridoid derivatives isolated from the bark of eucommia ulmoides as well as the enzymatic hydrolysis products of the isolated iridoid glucosides.20143193787
uplc-ms/ms determination and gender-related pharmacokinetic study of five active ingredients in rat plasma after oral administration of eucommia cortex extract.eucommiae cortex (ec), the bark of eucommia ulmoides oliv., has been traditionally used to treat many diseases in china for more than 2000 years. the pharmacological effects are primarily attributed to the presence of lignans, iridoids and phenolics, which are main active ingredients in ec.201525910535
effect of structural changes of lignin during the autohydrolysis and organosolv pretreatment on eucommia ulmoides oliver for an effective enzymatic hydrolysis.eucommia ulmoides oliver (eu) wood was successively treated by autohydrolysis and organosolv pretreatment integrated process. autohydrolysis pretreatment facilitated xylooligosaccharides production, subsequent organosolv pretreatment to obtain high-purity lignin and digestible cellulose-rich residue. results showed that the lignin fractions obtained exhibited smaller molecular weights, narrow polydispersity, more phenolic oh groups and higher syringyl/guaiacyl ratios (s/g) than the milled wood l ...201525754353
contribution of mevalonate and methylerythritol phosphate pathways to polyisoprenoid biosynthesis in the rubber-producing plant eucommia ulmoides oliver.the biosynthetic origin of isopentenyl diphosphate in the polyisoprenoid biosynthesis of the rubber-producing plant eucommia ulmoides oliver was elucidated for the first time by feeding experiments using 13c-labeled isotopomers of (rs)-mevalonate, 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-3,4,5-triacetate, 2c-methyl-d-erythritol-1,2,3,4-tetraacetate, and pyruvate. after 13c-labeled isotopomers were fed to the young seedlings, the polyisoprenoid fractions were prepared and analyzed by 13c nmr. the nmr data showed that ...201520653238
effects of eucommia ulmoides extract on longitudinal bone growth rate in adolescent female rats.eucommia ulmoides is one of the popular tonic herbs for the treatment of low back pain and bone fracture and is used in korean medicine to reinforce muscles and bones. this study was performed to investigate the effects of e. ulmoides extract on longitudinal bone growth rate, growth plate height, and the expressions of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (bmp-2) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (igf-1) in adolescent female rats. in two groups, we administered a twice-daily dosage of e. ulmoides extract ...201525087723
controllable biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles from a eucommia ulmoides bark aqueous extract.the present work reports the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (aunps) by water extract of eucommia ulmoides (e. ulmoides) bark. the effects of various parameters such as the concentration of reactants, ph of the reaction mixture, temperature and the time of incubation were explored to the controlled formation of gold nanoparticles. the characterization through high resolution-transmission electron microscopic (hrtem), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (edx) and x-ray diffraction (xrd) in ...201525699695
soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitory and anti-inflammatory components from the leaves of eucommia ulmoides oliver (duzhong).eucommia ulmoides leaves have been used as a functional food and drink in china. the purpose of this study was to identify the bioactive constituents with soluble epoxide hydrolase (seh) inhibitory activity and anti-inflammatory properties. twenty-seven known compounds (1-27) were isolated from the leaves of e. ulmoides oliver, and their structures were identified by nmr and esims analysis; three of these, 2,5-dimethoxy-3-glucopyranosyl cinnamic alcohol (11), foliasalacioside e2 (26), and icaris ...201525679330
the ethanol extract of eucommia ulmoides oliv. leaves inhibits disaccharidase and glucose transport in caco-2 cells.the cortex and leaves of eucommia ulmoides oliv. from the family eucommiaceae are traditional chinese medicines (tcm). roasted eucommiae cortex is utilized to reinforce the muscles and lungs, lower blood pressure and improve the tone of the liver and kidneys, while eucommia ulmoides leaves (eul) are traditionally used as folk remedies to treat diabetes.201525620383
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