Publications

specific inhibition of hepatic fatty acid synthesis exerted by dietary linoleate and linolenate in essential fatty acid adequate rats.	dietary linoleate and linolenate were investigated for their ability to specifically inhibit liver and adipose tissue lipogenesis in meal-fed (access to food 900-1,200 hr), essential fatty acid (efa) adequate rats. supplementing a high carbohydrate diet containing 2.5% safflower oil with 3% palmitate 16:0, oleate 18:1, or linoleate 18:2 did not affect in vivo liver or adipose tissue fatty acid synthesis. however, 18:2 addition to the basal diet did result in a significant (p less than 0.05) decl ...	1976	933724
a possible essential role for dietary linolenic acid in the development of the young rat.	female rats were fed semi-purified diets containing 10% safflower oil or 10% soybean oil for six weeks prior to mating and through-out pregnancy and lactation. the progeny were weaned to the diet of the dam. physical, neuromotor and reflex development was monitored in the progeny prior to weaning and learning ability of the mature progeny was assessed in a simple y-maze test. brain lipid analyses were conducted in the progeny at birth, 21 and 210 days of age. inclusion of soybean oil in the diet ...	1976	942747
increasing polyunsaturation of milk fats by feeding formaldehyde protected sunflower-soybean supplement.	a practical means of protecting fats of a feed concentrate containing high polyunsaturated fatty acids is described. a ground mixture of 30% soybeans and 70% sunflower seeds was treated with 1% formaldehyde to protect the unsaturated lipids from microbial hydrogenation in the rumen. this was fed as a supplement to two holstein cows in amounts that were doubled weekly. these ranged from 524 to 8384 g/day and provided successively increasing intakes of 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1600 g of linoleic ac ...	1976	944200
uric acid excretion by the chick as an indicator of dietary protein quality.	the objective of this investigation was to determine whether uric acid excretion could serve as an indicator of dietary protein quality. in the first study, 15% protein diets were formulated using either whole egg protein, soybean meal, safflower meal or casein, or the latter 3 proteins supplemented with their most limiting amino acid (methionine, lysine and arginine, respectively). chicks fed diets supplemented with the limiting amino acid grew more rapidly and efficiently and excreted less uri ...	1976	945565
cardiopathogenicity of rapeseed oils and oil blends differing in erucic, linoleic, and linolenic acid content.	male wistar rats were fed semipurifed diets containing 20% fat for 25 weeks. ten different oils or oil blends were employed, including rapessed oils, simulated rapeseed-type oils, and modified rapeseed-type oils. safflower, soybean, and hydrogenated coconut oils served as control oils. histopathological examination of the cardiac tissue was conducted at the end of the study and an incidenceseverity rating assigned to the lesions induced by each fat. oils containing high levels of erucic acid (26 ...	1976	948250
[fatty acids in 80 brands of edible vegetable oil and in 14 brands of mayonnaise (author's transl)].	the fatty acid patterns have been defined in 80 commonly used table oils chosen at random and of 14 brands of mayonnaise commercially available in west germany. in addition, sterols of the various mayonnaises were analysed. the oils could be grouped into 8 different categories: 12 oliver oils, 8 maize oils, 14 soya oils, 5 linseed oils, 22 sunflower oils, 3 safflower oils, 5 groundnut oils, and 8 rapeseed oils. as a result of the analyses, it is in almost every case a question of a pure variety ...	1976	979069
effect of unsaturated lipids on the bile flow and biliary excretion of cholesterol and bile salts in rats.	when rats were fed safflower oil or coconut oil for 30 days, or soyalecithin (epl) or egg phospholipids for 7 days, the rates of bile flow, concentration of cholesterol in the bile as well as unsaturation in the biliary phospholipids were markedly higher in the animals receiving the more unsaturated lipids. it is concluded that feeding of lipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acids effects an increase in the unsaturation of the biliary phospholipids and thereby causes increased excretion of ch ...	1976	991383
the relative effect of dietary fats and carbohydrates on lipid metabolism in the albino rat.	this study is concerned with the effect of two carbohydrates, cane-sugar and corn starch, at four different levels in the presence of two dietary fats, on the serum and the tissue lipids (cholesterol, phospholipid and fatty acid patterns). keeping the dietary fats (coconut safflower seed oil) at 20% level, diets containing (a) startch (54%) + cane sugar (0%), (b) starch (44%) + cane sugar 10%), (c) starch (10%) + cane sugar (44%) and (d) only cane sugar (54%) were administered to rats for 8 week ...	1976	993001
independence of the effects of cholesterol and degree of saturation of the fat in the diet on serum cholesterol in man.	the effect on the fasting serum lipid levels of adding daily 291 mg of cholesterol to diets containing 3 mg of cholesterol and equal fat content, but different fatty acid composition, was tested on 12 young men. the saturated diet provided 97 g/day of a staurated oil made up of 2 parts of palm oil and 1 part of coconut oil. the polyunsatured diet provided 97 g/day of safflower oil. the cholesterol was dissolved in 40 g of either oil incorporated into a spread. a similar spread, devoid of cholest ...	1976	998534
effect of dietary fat on hepatic metabolism of 14c-oleic acid and very low density lipoprotein triglyceride in the gerbil.	in order to compare in vitro and in vivo aspects of lipid metabolism and lipoprotein secretion associated with the hyperlipemia of saturated fat feeding, gerbils were fed a diet containing 15% coconut oil or safflower oil for 6 weeks. in vitro incorporation of fatty acid was determined by measuring 14c-oleic acid incorporation into hepatic lipis in liver fasting gerbils following triton wr1339 injection. the plasma lipoprotein profile was assessed by agarose electrophoresis. coconut oil produced ...	1976	182936
the effects of dietary fat and cholesterol on the metabolism of plasma low density lipoprotein apoproteins in squirrel monkeys.	low density lipoprotein apoproteins from squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) had characteristic 2-phase die-away curves in plasma. the kinetic constants were similar with three methods of labeling: in vitro with 125i by the iodine monochloride or the bolton-hunter methods or in vivo by the injection of [3h]-leucine into a donor animal. dietary cholesterol and the type of dietary fat influenced the concentration of plasma cholesterol and low density lipoproteins. the fractional turnover of low de ...	1976	186119
the efficacy of protein supplementation in overcoming urea toxicity in sheep.	1. in the first experiment sheep taken from pasture were given a low-protein diet for six weeks in individual pens. then, for 1 week, groups were given a supplement of lucerne chaff, safflower meal or lucerne chaff plus safflower meal. in the second experiment eighteen sheep maintained on lucerne chaff rather than pasture were then depleted of protein to a greater extent by feeding on a restricted low-protein diet. six of the sheep received a supplement of molasses throughout the period of prote ...	1976	1244842
experimental canine atherosclerosis and its prevention. the dietary induction of severe coronary, cerebral, aortic, and iliac atherosclerosis and its prevention by safflower oil.	severe atherosclerotic lesions were produced without thyroid suppression in seven out of eight dogs by feeding semisynthetic diets containing 5 per cent cholesterol and 16 per cent hydrogenated coconut oil for 12 to 14 months. occlusive plaques were located in the coronary arteries and major cerebral arteries as well as in the aorta and iliac vessels. the lesions were characterized by an intense sclerotic reaction to areas of lipid deposition and foam cell accumulation in the intima. the diet in ...	1976	1263442
effects of dietary saturated and trans fatty acids on tissue lipid composition and serum lcat activity in the rat.	groups of rats were fed from weaning with diets containing 5% by wt of hydrogenated coconut oil (hco), safflower oil, or a concentrate of ethyl elaidate and linolelaidate (trans) as the sole source of dietary fat. fatty acid composition of the lipid classes from serum, liver, heart, and kidney was determined, and the serum lecithin: cholesterol acyl transferase (lcat) activities were assayed for each animal. serum lcat activity was increased by both the hco and trans diets in the early stages of ...	1976	1263771
reversal of experimental essential fatty acid deficiency by cutaneous administration of safflower oil.	the intriguing observation that cutaneous application of essential fatty acid (efa)-rich oil corrects the biochemical abnormalities of efa deficiency was evaluated in efa-deficient rats. approximately 185 mg of safflower oil (140 mg of linoleic acid) were applied daily for 15 days to the kin of efa-deficient rats. before and after treatment with the safflower oil, the fatty acid patterns of plasma and erythrocyte phospholipid as well as of plasma triglyceride and cholesterol ester fractions were ...	1976	1266788
effects of dietary saturated and trans fatty acids on cholesteryl ester synthesis and hydrolysis in the testes of rats.	studies were made of the enzymic synthesis and hydrolysis of cholesteryl esters in rat testes. weanling rats were fed for 14 weeks diets containing 5% by wt of hydrogenated coconut oil (hco), a concentrate of ethyl elaidate and linolelaidate (trans), devoid of essential fatty acids (efa), or safflower oil (saff). cholesterol esterifying activity was localized in the soluble fraction, and cholesteryl ester hydrolase activity was distributed in both particulate and soluble fractions obtained from ...	1976	5644
water stress, rapid polyribosome reductions and growth.	measurements of the water status of various plant tissues exposed to differing levels of salts for 1 hour were made using the recently developed campbell j-14 press (logan, utah). values obtained with the press were found to correlate well with estimates of relative water content, and experiments with 3-day-old pumpkin seedlings showed that detectable changes in press values of cotyledon tissues could be obtained within 5 minutes following salt- or desiccation-induced stress.polyribosome levels ...	1976	16659733
an analysis of association of components of yield and oil in safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.).	inter-relationships of various component characters with yield and oil content were analysed using 215 entries of safflower from india and u.s.a. correlation of capsule number per plant and capsule weight with yield per plant was pronounced and they showed large direct effects on yield. all other components influenced seed yield mainly through these two components. seed size had little effect on yield while seed number exerted a positive influence. the proportion of hull expressed as per cent of ...	1977	24407768
adaptation of safflower genotypes carthamus tinctorius l.	adaptation reactions of 33 genotypes of safflower carthamus tinctorius l. were studied under 7 different climatic conditions. the genotpyes were divided into two sets. set i consisted of 15 genotpyes selected from the local populations. set ii had 15 introduced and local varieties. three control genotpyes, ute, ferio, and local arak, were common to both sets.genotpye-environment interaction was not significant for set i but it was highly significant for set ii. three environmental indices were o ...	1977	24407215
the dietary regulation of stearyl coenzyme a desaturase activity and membrane fluidity in the rat aorta.	numerous studies have demonstrated that alterations in membrane composition or fluidity are often associated with alterations in the properties of membrane-bound enzymes. in order to obtain membranes of varying fluidity, rats were fed diets that were either fat-free or supplemented with 15% safflower oil, and two properties associated with aorta and liver microsomal membranes were selected for study: stearyl coa desaturase activity, and fluidity as monitored by fatty acid composition and microvi ...	1977	22798
incorporation of dietary cis and trans isomers of octadecenoate in lipid classes of liver and hepatoma.	groups of rats bearing morris minimal deviation hepatoma 7288ctc were fed a fat-free diet supplemented with either 0.5% safflower oil (diet a), 15% safflower oil or free acids (diets band c), or 15% safflower oil or free safflower fatty acids (diet d) for 4 weeks. a group of normal rats was also fed diet d. triglycerides, cholesteryl esters, phosphatidylcholines, and phosphatidylethanolamines isolated from livers and hepatomas of animals on each diet were analyzed quantitatively for positional i ...	1977	191447
effect of high-oleic and high-linoleic safflower oils on mammary tumors induced in rats by 7,12-dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene.	a mutant safflower oil, rich in oleic acid, was used for a critical test of the hypothesis that polyunsaturated fats act as co-carcinogens. weanling female rats were each given 5 mg of 7,12-dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene. they were then pair-fed diets containing 20%, by weight, of conventional high-linoleic safflower oil; a mutant high-oleic safflower oil; or coconut oil. half of each group received supplementary dl-alpha-tocopherol. tumors were identified by two observers, by palpation. data on ...	1977	196058
inhibition of growth of morris hepatomas 7777 and 7800 by corn oil.	intraperitoneal injection of trace amounts of corn oil prior to and following the injection of 40-50 mg of tissue from hepatoma 7777 or 7800 into the thigh of adult male buffalo rats resulted in a marked decrease in the growth rate of both tumors. exhaustive extraction of the corn oil with water indicated that the active component was not water soluble. similar injections of safflower oil or isotonic saline had no effect on tumor growth rate. analysis of the tissue phospholipid fatty acids revea ...	1977	197460
hypercholesterolemia and triglyceride secretion rates in monkeys fed different dietary fats.	the influence of hypercholesterolemia on the triglyceride secretion rate was studied in both squirrel and cebus monkeys fed coconut oil, corn oil, or safflower oil. the triglyceride secretion rate (tgsr) was determined in vivo following the administration of triton wr1339, which blocks the clearance of very low density lipoprotein (vldl). thus, the increase observed in circulating triglyceride after triton administration presumably reflecte hepatic triglyceride (vldl) secretion in the fasted sta ...	1977	200815
milk and tissue lipid composition after feeding cows protected polyunsaturated fat for two years.	the long-term effects of feeding holstein cows plant lipids protected from microbial hydrogenation in the rumen were studied. of particular interest were cow health and changes in fatty acid and cholesterol concentrations of milk and meat. safflower oil-casein or safflower oil-casein treated with formaldehyde to impede microbial attack were fed to two groups of three cows as 10% of the concentrate ration for two lactations. production of milk fat of cows fed the protected concentrate increased s ...	1977	559013
effect of dietary factors on serum and egg yolk cholesterol levels of laying hens.	effects of dietary lipid factors (saturated and unsaturated oil, cholesterol and plant sterols) on the serum and egg yolk cholesterol levels of the laying hen were investigated. single comb white leghorn laying hens, at thirty weeks of age, were used in two trials by feeding two basal diets containing 8.0% hydrogenated coconut oil or safflower oil, with or without supplemental cholesterol (1.0%), soysterols (2.0%) or combinations of both. safflower oil, per se, had a superior property to hydroge ...	1977	564509
effect of type of dietary fat and cholesterol on cholesterol absorption rate in squirrel monkeys.	to explore the effect of the type of dietary fat and the level of cholesterol on the rate of cholesterol absorption, 13 different male squirrel monkeys were used for 39 different tests. the plasma isotope ratio technique of zilversmit, which involved the injection of 3h-cholesterol and gastric intubation of 14c-cholesterol, was shown to give reproducible results which compared well with those based on a method involving labeled beta-sitosterol. the percentages of ingested cholesterol that were a ...	1977	404406
essential fatty acid deficiency in surgical patients.	parenteral nutrition may protect patients unable to eat from malnutrition almost indefinitely. if fat is not also given efad will occur. this outlines a prospective study of 28 surgical patients on total intravenous fat-free nutrition to determine the developmental course of efad and the response to therapy. twenty-eight patients ranging from newborn to 66 years receiving parenteral nutrition without fat had regular determinations of the composition of total plasma fatty acids and the triene/tet ...	1977	404973
human essential fatty acid deficiency: treatment by topical application of linoleic acid.	an essential fatty acid (efa) deficiency developed in a 19-year-old man who was being maintained on a long-term regimen of fat-free, intravenous hyperalimentation fluids. the efa deficiency was reversed after 21 days by daily, topical application of linoleic acid to the patient's skin. the ratio of eicosatrienoic acid (20:3, n-9) to eicosatetraenoic acid (20:4, n-6) decreased to normal levels in the skin and serum with clinical improvement of the efa deficiency syndrome. the cutaneous manifestat ...	1977	406855
reversibility of cholesterol-adrenaline-induced atherosclerosis in rhesus monkeys: evaluation of safflower oil and low-fat low-calorie diet.		1977	413557
lecithin: cholesterol acyl transferase activity in the serum of rats fed saturated and unsaturated fats.	groups of rats were fed diets containing either butter, beef, fat or safflower oil. after 20 or 70 days of feeding, blood was taken from the animals in a postabsorptive state. serum lipid levels and lecithin: cholesterol acyl transferase activity were measured. feeding the different fats did not alter serum total cholesterol levels but free cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly lower in the safflower oil-fed group. net cholesterol esterification in vitro was also significantly depress ...	1977	836358
hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-a reductase of rats fed semipurified and stock diets.	rat hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-a reductase (hmg-coa reductase) was found to be lower in rats fed a semipurified diet of sucrose, casein, and cellulose with a mixture of safflower oil and stripped lard than those fed a stock diet: 0.115 versus 0.447 nmoles mevalonic acid formed/minute/mg microsomal protein. efforts were made to find the substances in the stock diet responsible for the higher enzyme activity. neither the addition of small amounts of cholesterol or plant sterols to ...	1977	845681
influence of fasting-refeeding and dietary linoleate on liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and phospholipid fatty acid composition in rats adapted to a purified diet.	responses to refeeding after fasting were studied in male rats fed a purified casein-sucrose diet containing 5% safflower oil. after a 48 hr fast, the rats were fed either the same diet or the same diet minus oil (fat-free diet). these experiments were designed to distinguish changes due to fasting and refeeding alone without a change of diet from those changes caused by refeeding a diet of different composition. in the first experiment, rats were refed for 3 or 7 days. in rats refed either diet ...	1977	857113
distribution and metabolism of polyacetylenes in safflower.	safflower seedlings, tissues and subcellular fractions were used to investigate the distribution and biosynthesis of polyacetylenes. the polyacetylenes rapidly increased during germination, but were not detected in mature seeds. the polyacetylenes in the seedlings accumulated mainly in cotyledons rather than in hypocotyls and roots. polyacetylenic hydrocarbons were distributed in the microsomes obtained from leaves and roots of the mature plants, while polyacetylenic epoxide was found in chlorop ...	1977	861234
the occurrence of 12, 13-epoxytrichothecenes in seeds of safflower infected with fusarium oxysporum f. sp. carthami.	from the seeds of safflower (carthamus tinctorius linn.), infected with fusarium oxysporum f. sp. carthami, 3 toxic compounds have been isolated in quantities sufficient to cause mycotoxicosis on prolonged ingestion. 2 of these have been identified as diacetoxyscirpenol and t-2 toxin, while the third one has also been partially characterized as a 12, 13-epoxytrichothecene. additionally, the incidence of secondary fusarial infection of healthy seeds due to contamination with the infected ones has ...	1977	862770
effect of dietary linoleate on synthesis and degradation of fatty acid synthetase from rat liver.	the induction of fatty acid synthetase activity in rat liver is markedly reduced by feeding a diet containing a source of linoleate. within 48 h after changing from a fat-free, high carbohydrate diet to one containing 15% by weight of safflower oil, the specific activity of rat liver fatty acid synthetase is approximately 2-fold lower than that from rats fed a fat-free diet througout. in contrast, feeding a diet containing 15% hydrogenated coconut oil, a source of saturated fatty acids, or 5% me ...	1977	863926
influence of dietary fat on fatty livers of choline-deficient rats.	our purpose was to evaluate the influence of type of dietary fat on nature and severity of liver lipid changes induced in male weanling rats by low choline diets. beef tallow, a blend of tallow and safflower oil (so) each provided 48% of total energy value of a control diet and a low choline diet. livers from choline-deficient rats fed tallow, blend, or so diets contained approximately 4.5, 5, and 2.5 times as much lipid, respectively, as livers from corresponding control groups. liver lipids fr ...	1977	874570
studies of effects of trans fatty acids in the diet on lipid metabolism in essential fatty acid deficient rats.	effects of diets containing mixtures of safflower oil, hydrogenated coconut oil with elaidate of linolelaidate on growth, fatty acid composition, serum lecithin: cholesterol acyl transferase (lcat) and postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase activities in essential fatty acid (efa) deficient rats were determined. addition of trans fatty acids to the diet lowered the growth response to linoleic acid. both elaidate and linolelaidate accumulated in the serum and liver, imparied the conversion of olei ...	1977	879068
effects of certain cations on the formation and infectivity of phytophthora zoospores. 2. effects of copper, boron, cobalt, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc ions.	the effects of copper, boron, cobalt, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc on the production of zoosporangia by p. cinnamomi and p. drechsleri in the presence of favourable concentrations of calcium, magnesium, potassium, and iron were investigated. copper ions were the most effective in reducing the numbers of zoosporangia formed by both fungal species. molybdenum was also slightly inhibitory. total inhibition of mycelial growth occurred between 1 and 5 x 10(-5) m cu2+ whereas total inhibition of sp ...	1977	890599
effect of dietary fats on oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid profile of rat liver mitochondria.	hydrogenated coconut oil or safflower seed oil were fed at 20% levels to weanling male albino rats for 2 months. the fatty acid patterns of the liver homogenates, mitochondria and the microsomes were determined by gas chromatography as were also the fatty acid patterns of the liver cholesterol esters and the phospholipids. the mitochondrial phospholipids were fractionated by thin layer chromatography and the fatty acid moieties of the individual phospholipids were screened on a gas chromatograph ...	1977	894359
development of perirenal adipose tissue in the neonatal lamb: effects of dietary safflower oil.	perirenal adipose tissue development was investigated in lambs from birth until 17 days of age. changes in the morphology, the lipid, protein, rna and dna content, the adipocyte number and size, and the rate of protein, rna and dna synthesis of the perirenal fat-pads are reported. during the first 9 days after birth the tissue lost the morphological characteristics of brown adipose tissue and acquired those of white adipose tissue. as there was no change in either the number of adipocytes or the ...	1977	901878
electrocardiograms of male rats fed rapeseed oil.	frontal plane electrocardiograms (standard limb leads) were recorded on male sprague-dawley rats fed for 14 weeks on semisynthetic diets containing 20% (by weight) of brassica napus cv. tower or b. campestris cv. span rapeseed oil or fractions isolated from span rapeseed oil. control diets were rat chow or semisynthetic diets containing 20% (by weight) of either safflower oil or corn oil. the amplitude of the p, q, r, s, and t waves, the duration of the p wave, qrs complex, and p-r interval, and ...	1977	922586
influence in rats of dietary fats during the perinatal period: effects upon development and behavior of dams and offspring.	female rats were fed purified rations containing 20% fat during gestation and lactation. the fat content was butter oil, an equal mixture of butter oil and lard, or safflower oil. each litter size was reduced (at random) to 2 male and 2 female pups 1 day postpartum, and these offspring were feed a commercial ration after weaning and until they were 20 weeks of age. when dams were fed safflower oil, fewer of them produced litters after mating, and their behavior during lactation was less than opt ...	1977	931150
influence in rats of dietary fats during the perinatal period: effects upon brain chemistry of dams and offspring.	female rats were fed a purified ration containing 20% fat during gestation and lactation and the offspring were fed a commercial ration after weaning. the fat content of the purified ration was butter oil, a mixture of equal parts of butter oil and lard, or safflower oil. brains of the dams were analyzed 1 month after parturition and brains of the offspring were analyzed when they were 20 weeks of age. brains of the dams and offspring fed the safflower oil (about 75% linoleic acid) exhibited cha ...	1977	931151
influence of dietary status and diabetes on aortic acyl-coa hydrolase activity.	we have postulated that the accelerated snythesis of cholesteryl ester in atherosclerotic microsomes may result in part from decreased acyl-coa hydrolase activity in arterial tissue, because acyl-coa is a common substrate for both reactions. we have now investigated the influence of nutritional status, type of diet, and diabetes on the acyl-coa hydrolase activity of otherwise normal aortic microsomes. fasting rabbits for 16 hr diminished the acyl-coa hydrolase activity approximately 30%. the act ...	1977	139897
essential fatty acid deficiency in neonates: inability to reverse deficiency by topical applications of efa-rich oil.	correction of essential fatty acid deficiency by transcutaneous absorption of topically applied efa-rich oil has been reported. we measured serum efa levels in two groups of neonates receiving fat-free total parenteral nutrition: nine control patients after 16 and 25 days of tpn, and six patients before and 12 days after beginning cutaneous application of 100 mg/kg/day of linoleic acid as sunflower seed oil. progressive biochemical efa deficiency occurred in all but one of the control patients. ...	1978	416194
effect of dietary oil, cholesterol, and soysterols on the lipid concentration and fatty acid composition of egg yolk, liver and serum of laying hens.	effect of dietary lipid factors (saturated and unsaturated oil, zoo and phytosterols) on the lipid concentration and fatty acid composition of egg yolk, liver and serum of the laying hen were studied. single comb white leghorn laying hens, at 30 weeks of age, were fed two basal diets containing 8.0% hydrogenated coconut oil (hco) or safflower oil (sfo), with or without supplemental cholesterol (1.0%), soysterols (2.0%) or combination of both. when hco basal diet was fed, both liver weight and li ...	1978	566917
labelling of glycerolipids in the cotyledons of developing oilseeds by [1-14c] acetate and [2-3h] glycerol.	1. 3-sn-phosphatidylcholine was identified as the major lipid in cotyledons from the developing seeds of soya bean, linseed and safflower when tissue was steamed before lipid extraction. the proportion of oleate in this lipid decreased markedly and that of the polyunsaturated c(18) fatty acids increased when detached developing cotyledons were incubated for up to 3h. similar but less pronounced changes occurred in diacylglycerol, which had a fatty acid composition resembling that of the 3-sn-pho ...	1978	580379
the relationship of fatty acid composition and surface activity of lung extracts.	male weanling rats were fed fat-free diets supplemented with 4% (w/w) safflower oil (control) or 4% tripalmitin (essential fatty acid (efa) deficient) for 14 weeks. whereas the amount of lecithin in lung lavage material remained unchanged, lung lavage lecithin from efa-deficient rats contained significantly less palmitic acid (61.4 +/- 2.0% vs. 77.4 +/- 5.8%, p less than 0.01) than that from controls. surface tension vs. area hysteresis loops were obtained for total lipid extracts (tle) of lung ...	1978	580481
effects of age, diet and lactation on lipogenesis in rat adipose, liver and mammary tissues.	four diets varying in safflower oil content from zero to 20% were used in a study of interactions among diet and physiological state. increasing fat in the diet did not alter food intakes but decreased digestibility coefficients. increasing safflower oil intake did not alter milk fat content in lactating rats but increased relative amounts of unsaturated fatty acids in milk fat. in liver and perirenal adipose tissues from young male and non-lactating female rats, low fat diets increased rates of ...	1978	627923
effect of major nutrient substitutions on body weight gain, blood glucose and cholesterol levels, and the rate of drug metabolism in the liver.	rats were fed diets resembling a normal human diet, except that, in a complete factorial fashion, safflower oil and/or mineral oil were substituted for part of the fat, while fructose, lactose and/or cellulose were substituted for carbohydrate, and zein was substituted for milk protein. food intake and weight gain were not influenced by cellulose and mineral oil, but zein decreased both substantially. plasma cholesterol was unchanged by safflower oil or mineral oil but was decreased by fructose. ...	1978	632010
regulation by dietary fats of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase in rat liver.	the effects of various dietary fats on the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a (hmg-coa) reductase in rat liver microsomes, the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterogenesis, were examined. a series of experiments demonstrated the dependency of the hmg-coa reductase activity on the nature of dietary fats. when saturated fats with chain length of 12 to 18 were the dietary sources and were fed at the 10% level for 19 days, feeding fats with shorter chain fatty acids caused a lower enzyme ...	1978	632948
dietary fat and cholesterol metabolism in adult rats undergoing rapid tissue repletion.	an experimental model in which adult rats underwent rapid rates of tissue repletion after dietary restriction served to explore the influence of dietary fat on cholesterol metabolism. adult rats severely restricted in protein and energy were refed either 8 or 24 hours per day for 10 days. refeeding diets contained approximately 0% or 20% fat by weight as safflower oil or beef tallow and 4% or 17% protein on an energy basis. concentration or source of dietary fat did not significantly influence e ...	1978	660309
the biosynthesis of linoleate from oleoyl-coa via oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine in microsomes of developing safflower seeds.	microsomes prepared from developing safflower seeds rapidly desaturated added [14c]oleoyl-coa in the presence of nadh. the distribution of [14c]oleate and [14c]linoleate between different lipid classes revealed that phosphatidylcholine was labelled with [14c]linoleate before any other lipid class investigated. considerable desaturation continued after the disappearance of [14c]oleoyl-coa in the reaction mixture. no [14c]linoleoyl-coa could be detected. incubation in the absence of added nadh cau ...	1978	710426
nutritional evaluation of oilseeds and legumes as protein supplements to cereals.	several oilseed and legume protein products were fed to rats as the sole source of dietary protein, and in blends with cereals for the determination of protein efficiency ratio (per) and biological availability of amino acids. in addition oilseed protein isolates were fed to mice for the determination of per. results of the mouse study revealed that the adjusted per (casein = 100)for target rapeseed isolate (108) was higher than those of sunflower (74), safflower (77), soybean (86) or flax (92) ...	1978	727022
essential fatty acids (efa) deficiency and liver mitochondria.	2 dietary fats, namely, hydrogenated coconut oil and safflower seed oil were fed at 20% levels to weanling male albino rats for a period of 2 months after which the animals were sacrificed and oxidative phosphorylation measured in liver mitochondria. this ratio was more in the unsaturated-fat-fed group of rats compared to the saturated-fed ones for glutamate and malate; in the case of succinate no such change was noticed.	1978	729709
effects of dietary fats on the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa reductase and sterol synthesis in the liver of fasted-refed rats.	the time course of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa (hmg-coa) reductase activity and lipogenesis and cholesterogenesis from 1-14c-acetate and 2-14c-mevalonate was examined in the liver of rats refed diets containing different fats at the 10% level after 48 hr fasting. fasting caused a profound depression of the reductase activity and sterol and fatty acid synthesis. in rats refed for 30 hr, the activity of hmg-coa reductase was restored to about one-half of the level observed in prefasting rats, i ...	1978	731337
fat induced hypertension in rabbits. 2. the effect of feeding diets containing high concentrations of safflower oil and palm oil [proceedings].		1978	733792
effects of essential fatty acid deficiency on prostaglandin synthesis and fatty acid composition in rat renal medulla.	studies are reported on the capacity of isolated rat renal papilla (inner medulla) to synthesize and release prostaglandin (pg) e from endogenous and exogenous precursor(s) during development of an essential fatty acid (efa) deficiency in the rat. weanling (21-day-old) male sprague-dawley rats were fed a fat-free diet supplemented with either 5% hydrogenated coconut oil (hco) or 5% safflower oil (so). at approximately 3, 6 and 7 weeks (6. 9 and 10 weeks of age), groups of animals fed each diet w ...	1978	750830
the effect of polyunsaturated fats on bile acid metabolism and cholelithiasis in squirrel monkeys.	squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) were fed diets containing safflower oil, butter, or coconut oil and 1 mg cholesterol/cal for 15--17 mo to examine the effect of type of fat on cholelithiasis and bile acid metabolism. controls were fed low cholesterol diets containing an isocaloric mixture of the three fats. cholic acid fractional catabolic rate, pool size, chenodeoxycholic acid pool size, and total bile acid pool size and excretion rate were estimated using a modification of lindstedt's isoto ...	1978	99632
effects of quantity and unsaturation of dietary fat on serum components in normal and diabetic macaca nigra.	dietary fat affects serum lipids independently of dietary cholesterol. normal and diabetic monkeys (macaca nigra) were fed cereal-based, specially formulated diets with either a low fat (lf = 2.5%) or a higher fat (13.2%) content; the latter had varying concentrations of safflower and coconut oil to attain greater polyunsaturation (sfo) or saturation (cco) in the diets. dietary cholesterol was less than 0.01%. serum triglyceride concentrations were greatest when monkeys consumed the lf (higher c ...	1979	108367
quantitative and qualitative changes in phospholipid in the intestine of the gerbil and the development of lipodystrophy.	female gerbils fed a diet containing 20% coconut oil develop an intestinal lipodystrophy that is not seen in animals fed a diet containing 20% safflower oil or a diet of 20% coconut oil supplemented with 0.1% inositol. the coconut oil diets contained 1.5% safflower oil to prevent essential fatty acid deficiency. the level of inositol in the intestinal tissue of animals fed the coconut oil diet not supplemented with inositol has been shown to be decreased. phospholipid analyses of the intestinal ...	1979	92556
lipoprotein lipase of cultured mesenchymal rat heart cells. iv. modulation of enzyme activity by vldl added to the culture medium.	lipoprotein lipase activity was studied in rat heart cell cultures grown in the presence of 20% fetal calf and horse serum and a medium concentration of triacylglycerol of 0.03 mg/ml. after 6--8 days, when the enzyme activity had reached high levels, the cells were incubated for 24 h in a medium containing 20% serum derived from fasted or fed rats. no change in enzyme activity occurred in the presence of fasted rat serum, but a 50% fall was observed with fed rat serium. when the complete culture ...	1979	223646
dietary fat-dependent changes in hepatic cholesterogenesis and the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa reductase in fasted-refed rats.	effects of various dietary fats on the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa (hmg-coa) reductase and sterol and fatty acid synthesis from [1-14c]acetate and [2-14c]mevalonate were examined in the liver from fasted-refed rats. rats fasted for 2 days were refed a fat-free diet or diets containing various fats (tricaprylin, trilaurin, trimyristin, tristearin, camellia oil, or safflower oil) at the 10% level for 1, 3, or 7 days. the activity of hmg-coa reductase was restored to about one-half o ...	1979	438898
negative effects of oral fatty acid supplementation on sweat chloride in cystic fibrosis.	essential fatty acid supplementation with oral safflower oil (1 gm/kg/day) to 11 cystic fibrosis patients (aged 6 months to 14 years) for one year produced no significant change in sweat chloride concentration (meq/liter) or sweat rate (gm/min/m2), addition of vitamin e (10 mg/kg/day) to the safflower oil had no effect on sweat chloride concentration or rate compared to placebo. no clinical improvement could be detected compared to a control group. these results do not support previous reports o ...	1979	450561
toxicity of rac-1(3)-palmitoyl glycerol in weanling mice.	reinvestigation of the previously reported toxicity of saturated fat on weanling mice has shown rac-1(3)-palmitoyl glycerol to be a more potent toxic agent than free palmitic acid when fed as the sole source of dietary fat. as shown before, protection against this toxicity can be afforded by the addition of 2 to 4% safflower oil. we have now shown that if the rac-1(3)-palmitoyl glycerol is acetylated the toxicity is much less. the protective effect of diacetyl rac-1(3)-palmitoyl glycerol cannot ...	1979	458490
effects of diets high in saturated fat and cholesterol on the lipid composition of canine platelets.	the phospholipid composition of platelets from dogs on various experimental diets was determined. thyroidectomized foxhounds were fed a control diet or the control diet supplemented with (1) beef tallow, (2) beef tallow and cholesterol, or (3) beef tallow, cholesterol, and safflower oil for 23 weeks prior to isolation of platelets. platelets from animals fed the control diet contained 36.7% phosphatidylcholine (pc), 22.8% phosphatidylethanolamine (pe), 18.4% sphingomyelin (sph), 11.8% phosphatid ...	1979	459712
the effects of antioxidants on the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the hen's egg.	in experiments to see whether, in the possible interests of human health, the polyunsaturated fatty acid (pufa) content of the chicken's egg can be increased by nutritional means, three strains of hen, light, medium, and heavy, each at the peak of lay, were first fed a basal, commercial, low-fat diet. the hens were then transferred to one of the following diets: basal + safflower oil (so); basal + so + butylated hydroxytoluene; or basal + so + dl-a-toco-pheryl acetate. the diets were designated ...	1979	468476
evidence for an oleoyl phosphatidylcholine desaturase in microsomal preparations from cotyledons of safflower (carthamus tinctorius) seed.	1. [14c]oleoyl-coa was metabolized rapidly and essentially completely by microsomal preparations from developing safflower (carthamus tinctorius) cotyledons, and most of the [14c]oleate was incorporated into 3-sn-phosphatidylcholine. 2. in aerobic reaction mixtures containing nadh2 the [14c]oleate in 3-sn-phosphatidylcholine was converted into [14c]linoleate without any change in the specific radioactivity of the lipid. over a 60 min incubation period the extent of conversion of [14c]oleoyl phos ...	1979	475773
removal of deleterious glucosides from safflower meal.		1979	479490
lipid oxidation products and chick nutritional encephalopathy.	safflower oil and its distilled methyl esters were thermally oxidized and fed to young chicks in a vitamin e deficient diet. at a dietary level of 10%, the oxidized lipids caused more severe nutritional encephalopathy (ne) than the unoxidized methyl esters, indicating that factors other than dietary linoleic acid and vitamin e affect the development of ne. a polar lipid extract from oxidized methyl esters accelerated the induction of ne, as did the synthetic methyl esters of keto-octadecenoic an ...	1979	491861
effects of tristearin, triolein and safflower oil diets on cholesterol balance in rats.	diets containing relatively homogeneous triglycerides composed of 18-carbon chain saturated, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fatty acids were fed to rats. cholesterol absorption and turnover were studied. cholesterol absorption was significantly less in rats fed tristearin than in animals fed triolein or safflower oil. cholesterol removal from plasma was fastest in rats fed tristearin and slowest with safflower oil and triolein. plasma cholesterol levels were lowest with tristearin and highes ...	1979	512710
protective effect of nicarbazin on nutritional encephalopathy in chicks.	nutritional encephalopathy was induced in young chicks by vitamin e-deficient diets containing either 4% methyl esters of safflower oil or 10% thermally oxidized safflower oil. the coccidiostat nicarbazin (an equimolecular complex of 4,4'-dinitrocarbanilide and 2-hydroxy 4,6-dimethylpyrimidine) reduced the incidence of encephalopathy, but zoalene (3,5-dinitro-o-toluamide) and amprolium [1-(4-amino-2-n-propyl-5-pyrimidinylmethyl)-2-picolinium chloride hydrochloride] did not. neither of the two co ...	1979	514947
development of safflower protein.		1979	536565
organic solvent soluble lipofuscin pigment in brain tissues of mice fed large amounts of polyunsaturated fats in presence and absence of various antioxidants.	the amount of lipid soluble fluorescent pigment is compared in brain tissues of mice fed a diet containing 10% safflower oil with and without a supplement of antioxidants as vitamin e, ascorbyl-palmitate and sodium-selenite. addition of 0.2 g/kg vitamin e to the diet gives a high raise in the mortality. the addition of 0.2 g/kg vitamin e and 0.5 g/kg ascorbyl-palmitate leads to higher values of extractable lipid soluble fluorescent pigment in mice brain tissues.	1979	549880
fat induced hypertension in rabbits. effects of dietary fibre on blood pressure and blood lipid concentration.	rabbits were fed diets containing 200 g.kg-1 coconut oil, palm oil, or safflower oil. some of the diets also contained 200 g.kg-1 cellulose. the blood pressure was measured daily by a non-invasive technique for the 2 month duration of the experiment. blood samples were drawn after an overnight fast at intervals during the experiment and analysed for lipids. blood pressure was always increased by a fat-enriched diet. this effect was diminished and delayed by adding cellulose to the diets, though ...	1980	6253068
[protective effect of alpha-linolenic acid in encephalomalacia in chickens].	encephalomacia is a vitamin e deficiency syndrome which affects the cerebellum of young chicks. the lesion includes degenerative alterations of cellular and fibrillar elements, apparently as the result of the ischaemia caused by thrombotic events in the microvascular system. a supply of linoleic acid, as fatty acid methyl esters prepared from safflower oil (carthamus tinctorius), caused a high incidence of encephalomalacia. on the other hand, linseed oil esters, rich in alpha-linolenic acid, did ...	1980	6254420
parenteral safflower oil emulsion (liposyn 10%): safety and effectiveness in treating or preventing essential fatty acid deficiency in surgical patients.	the safety and effectiveness of a 10% safflower oil emulsion in treating or preventing essential fatty acid deficiency was tested in a prospective study of 15 surgical patients requiring total parenteral nutrition for two to four weeks. three dosage regimens were evaluated including: group i: 4% of calories as linoleate daily (five patients), group ii: 4% of calories as linoleate every other day (two patients), and group iii: 8% of calories every other day (eight patients). patients were monitor ...	1980	6767452
safflower oil emulsion: single and multiple infusions with or without added heparin in normal human volunteers.	intravenous hyperalimentation in chronically ill patients has become increasingly common in hospitalized patients. total parenteral nutrition includes supply of carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids. the safety of a new emulsion of safflower oil (liposyn 10%) infused by peripheral vein was evaluated in 15 normal male volunteers. all subjects tolerated liposyn infusion, with a low incidence of side effects, when given either as a single infusion or multiple daily infusions to provide 4% of daily ...	1980	6772813
pediatric tpn: efficacy and toxicity of a new fat emulsion.	fat emulsions are particularly valuable in pediatric total parenteral nutrition (tpn) because they provide an isotonic solution rich in calories. little is known about the ideal composition of fatty acid emulsions, however, and very few formulations are commercially available. a new fat emulsion using a safflower oil base has recently been approved. we have used this new emulsion to provide a significant percentage of the nonprotein caloric requirements (24 to 42%) in 4 patients requiring tpn. t ...	1980	6774121
effects of dietary trans acids on the biosynthesis of arachidonic acid in rat liver microsomes.	effects of dietary trans acids on the interconversion of linoleic acid was studied using the liver microsomal fraction of rats fed a semipurified diet containing fat supplements of safflower oil (saff), hydrogenated coconut oil (hco) at 5 and 20 at and 20% levels or a 5% level of a supplement containing 50.3% linolelaidic and 24.3% elaidic acids devoid of cis,cis-linoleic acid (trans). growth rate was suppressed to greater extent with the animals fed the 20% than the 5% level of the hco-suppleme ...	1980	7219072
effect of cholesterol supplementation of diets of thyroidectomized dogs on the fatty acid composition of erythrocyte phospholipids and plasma phosphatidylcholine.	thyroidectomized foxhounds were fed: (a) a control diet, (b) the control diet supplemented with 15% beef tallow or cottonseed oil, with or without added cholesterol, or (c) the control diet supplemented with beef tallow (15%), safflower oil (1.5%) and cholesterol. after 23 weeks on the diet, the content of the individual phospholipids of the erythrocytes was not altered appreciably. however, supplementing either the saturated (beef tallow) or polyunsaturated (cottonseed oil) diets with cholester ...	1980	7459375
some studies on the composition and surface properties of oil bodies from the seed cotyledons of safflower (carthamus tinctorius) and linseed (linum ustatissimum).	1. the average oil-body diameter in intact cells of developing linseed (linum usitatissimum) and safflower (carthamus tinctorius) cotyledons was similar (about 1.4 micrometer), and there was little change in size after oil bodies were isolated and repeatedly washed. 2. the glycerolipid composition of washed oil bodies from both developing and mature cotyledons of the two species was similar; oil bodies from ten different batches of cotyledons contained 4.3 +/- 0.16 mumol of 3-sn-phosphatidylchol ...	1980	7008782
dietary regulation of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa reductase and cholesterol synthetic activities in fasted-refed rats.	effects of dietary cholesterol, beta-sitosterol and cholestyramine on hepatic hmg-coa reductase activity and sterogenesis were examined in male rats refed different types and amounts of fats for 3 days after fasting 2 days. safflower oil (10%) decreased reductase and sterogenic activities more than saturated fat or low fat. reductase activity and sterogenesis decreased as dietary cholesterol increased; this was not influenced by the type of dietary fat. although cholesterol as low as 0.01% depre ...	1980	7354379
myo-inositol deficiency in gerbils: changes in phospholipid composition of intestinal microsomes.	phospholipid composition and fatty acid pattern in major phospholipid classes of intestinal microsomes were determined in female mongolian gerbils under various dietary conditions. the intestinal microsomal phosphatidylinositol level was decreased to 53, 43 and 77% of the control by the feeding of the myo-inositol-deficient diet containing high carbohydrate-low fat, high coconut oil or high safflower oil, respectively. under these conditions, the intestinal lipid level was increased to 24 and 12 ...	1980	7381591
linoleic acid in the treatment of lithium toxicity and familial tremor.	lithium inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandin (pg) ei by blocking the mobilisation of dihomogammalinolenic acid (dgla). toxicity due to lithium might re related to reduced pgei formation. in five patients who developed toxic effects on low doses of lithium, linoleic acid in the forms of the safflower oil was given in an attempt to raise levels of the linoleic acid metabolite, dgla. in al five patients the safflower oil was effective in remitting the symptoms of neurotoxicity. safflower oil was ...	1980	7394066
studies on plasma lipoproteins during absorption of exogenous lecithin in man.	human subjects were infused intraduodenally with either lecithin (150 mg/kg/hr) or safflower oil (100 mg/kg/hr)of similar fatty acid composition, and plasma lipoproteins were studied when constant plasma lipid levels were reached. both types of fat induced increases of lipoproteins of sf > 400 (chylomicrons) and sf 20--400 (vldl). lecithin infusions produced increases predominantly in vldl, whereas infusion of safflower oil induced mainly chylomicrons. chylomicrons derived from lecithin were gen ...	1980	7400685
on the mechanism of regulation of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase and of acyl coenzyme a:cholesterol acyltransferase by dietary fat.	the activity and the kinetic properties of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coa reductase and of acyl-coa:cholesterol acyltransferase in the liver microsomal fraction have been compared between rats fed on either unsaturated or on saturated fat. when rats wre fed for 12h on a compounded diet containing either safflower seed oil or tristearin the composition of the fatty acyl chains of the microsomal phospholipids was shown to be relatively more unsaturated in the rats that received the unsaturated fat. the ...	1980	7407210
gas-liquid chromatographic determination of s-[(5-methoxy-2-oxo-1,3,4-thiadiazol-3(2h)-yl)-methyl]o,o-dimethyl phosphorodithioate (supracide) and its monoxone metabolite in safflower seed, meal, and oil.	a gas-liquid chromatographic (glc) method for determining residues of the inseticide-acaricide supracide (s-[5-methoxy-2-oxo-1,3,4-thiadiazol-3(2h)-yl)-methyl]o,o-dimethyl phosphorodithioate) and its monoxone metabolite in safflower seed, meal, and oil is presented. supracide and its monoxone metabolite are separated by partitioning with acetonitrile-sodium sulfate and petroleum ether. the petroleum ether fraction containing the supracide is extracted with acetonitrile and further cleaned up on ...	1980	7410302
effects of the type of dietary fat at two levels of vitamin e in wistar male rats during development and aging. i. life span, serum biochemical parameters and pathological changes.	this experiment was designed to study in rats the implications of the dietary type of fat at two levels of vitamin e on the life span as well as on several biochemical and anatomopathological age-related changes. for this purpose, six different isoenergetic diets containing 15% coconut oil (sfd), safflower oil (ufd) or a combination of both (cfd) with 2 or 200 mg% of dl-alpha-tocopherol were offered ad libitum to outbred wistar male rats from weaning to senescence. the results indicated that up ...	1980	7412419
susceptibility of chicks to nutritional encephalopathy: effect of fat and alpha-tocopherol content of the breeder diet.	chicks hatched from eggs containing 16.5% linoleic acid of total yolk fatty acids (eggs laid by hens fed soybean oil in their diet) were more susceptible to nutritional encephalopathy induced by alpha-tocopherol-deficient diet containing thermally oxidized safflower oil than chicks hatched from eggs containing 7.5% linoleic acid (eggs laid by hen fed tallow). supplementation of the diets of breeders hens with alpha-tocopheryl acetate significantly increased yolk alpha-tocopherol levels with both ...	1980	7413555
influence of dietary oil, cholesterol, and soysterols on the fecal neutral and acidic steroid excretion in laying hens.	the influence of dietary lipid factors (saturated and unsaturated oil, cholesterol, and plant sterols) upon the fecal neutral and acidic sterol excretion in the laying hen were investigated during a nine-week experimental period. single comb white leghorn laying hens at thirty weeks of age were fed two basal diets containing 8.0% hydrogenated coconut oil or safflower oil, with or without supplementing 1.0% cholesterol, 2.0% soysterols, or combination of cholesterol and soysterols with each oil t ...	1980	7413561
effect of feeding protected lipids on fatty acid synthesis in ovine tissues.	the effects of including protected lipid supplements in the sheep diet have been studied by measuring the incorporation of [1-14c]acetate into tissue fatty acids in vivo and in vitro. supplementing the diet with protected lipid significantly (p > 0.05) depressed lipogenesis in adipose tissue both in vovo and in vitro. however, when protected lipids of different fatty acid composition were given to lambs, the protected safflower oil supplement containing high levels of linoleic acid was the only ...	1980	7421419
influence of dietary fats and an oral contraceptive on plasma lipids, high density lipoproteins, gallstones, and atherosclerosis in african green monkeys.	twenty-nine african green monkeys were fed diets for 22 months containing 0.79 mg cholesterol/kcal and 40% of calories as either safflower oil or butter with or without the addition of an estrogen- and progestin-containing oral contraceptive. plasma cholesterol concentrations ranged from 199 to 250 mg/dl. animals consuming the safflower oil diet had plasma cholesterol concentrations that averaged 61 mg/dl lower than those consuming butter. at least 72% of this lowering was due to a reduction in ...	1980	7426079
effect of dietary unsaturated oils on the biosynthesis of cholesterol, and on biliary and fecal excretion of cholesterol and bile acids in rats.	the aim of the present work was to investigate whether the hypocholesterolemic effect of polyunsaturated oils is due to inhibition of cholesterol synthesis or increased excretion of cholesterol and bile acids through the bile and feces of animals. separate groups of rats were fed diets containing 10% safflower oil, coconut oil or hydrogenated vegetable oils for 30 days, after which the hepatic cholesterol and bile acid synthesis and their excretion through the bile and feces were studied. as com ...	1980	7431117
fatty acid desaturation in lung: inhibition by unsaturated fatty acids.	the activity of the enzyme system involved in desaturation of palmitic and stearic acid has been examined in lungs of rats fed fat-free diets supplemented either with 4% safflower oil (controls) or 4% tripalmitin (essential fatty acid (efa) deficient) both in vivo and in vitro in lung slices. desaturation, as measured by appearance of 14c-labeled monounsaturated fatty acid in pulmonary total lipid and phospholipids, was significantly greater in vivo and in vitro in lung tissue from efa-deficient ...	1980	7441058
lysosomal acid phosphatase decrease in nutritional encephalopathy in chicks.	encephalopathy was induced in 14-day-old chicks by a vitamin e-deficient diet containing 15% thermally oxidized safflower oil. bound acid phosphatase activity in the cerebellum was markedly lower in affected chicks than in vitamin e-supplied control chicks. free activity also tended to be lower in the deficient group. there were no differences in enzyme activities of cerebrum and liver between deficient and control chicks.	1980	7443096
isozymes of the glycolytic and pentose-phosphate pathways in storage tissues of different oilseeds.	isozymes of hexose-phosphate isomerase (hpi; ec 5.3.1.9), pyruvate kinase (pk; ec 2.7.1.40) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6pgdh; ec 1.1.1.44) have been detected in the developing cotyledons of soybean (glycine max (l.) merr.), safflower (carthamnus tinctorius l.) and sunflower (helianthus annuus l.). in each seed there are two isozymes each of pk and hpi. the isozyme patterns of 6pgdh are more complex: soybean has two forms of the enzyme, safflower three, and sunflower six. in each tissu ...	1980	24306476
genetic analysis of seed yield, oil content and their components in safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.).	the genetic architecture of seed yield, oil content and their components was studied in a diallel cross of f1 and f2: eleven parents, representing an adequate diversity for all considered characters in safflower were used. combining ability analysis revealed the predominance of gca variance for plant height, total capitula, seed weight, seed number and seed yield in f1 and f2 generations and for days to flowering and oil content in f1. the analysis of components of variance indicated that the no ...	1981	24276693
recent studies of the enzymic synthesis of ricinoleic acid by developing castor beans.	oleate delta(12)-hydroxylase activity was measured in extracts of developing castor bean seeds. most of the hydroxylase activity is associated with microsomes. however, when microsomes are washed, the activity is completely lost. some (50%) of the activity can be restored by addition of the 100,000g supernatant to the washed microsomes. supernatant extracts (100,000g) of developing safflower seeds are able to restore all (100%) of the hydroxylase activity to the washed castor bean microsomes. in ...	1981	16661734