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expression of bra r 1 gene in transgenic tobacco and bra r 1 promoter activity in pollen of various plant species.bra r 1 encodes a ca2+-binding protein specifically expressed in anthers of brassica rapa. in this study, we isolated a genomic clone of bra r 1 and found sequences similar to pollen box core motifs and lat56/59 box, pollen-specific cis-acting element, in the 5' upstream region of bra r 1. reporter gene fusion revealed that the bra r 1 promoter directs male gametophytic expression in nicotiana tabacum, arabidopsis thaliana and b. napus, showing strong expression in mature pollen grains similar t ...200010945346
identification of a cyp84 family of cytochrome p450-dependent mono-oxygenase genes in brassica napus and perturbation of their expression for engineering sinapine reduction in the seeds.cyp84 is a recently identified family of cytochrome p450-dependent mono-oxygenases defined by a putative ferulate-5-hydroxylase (f5h) from arabidopsis. until recently f5h has been thought to catalyze the hydroxylation of ferulate to 5-oh ferulate en route to sinapic acid. sinapine, a sinapate-derived ester in the seeds, is antinutritional and a target for elimination in canola meal. we have isolated three f5h-like genes (bnf5h1-3) from a cultivated brassica napus, whose amphidiploid progenitor i ...200010938378
comparative fluorescence in situ hybridization mapping of a 431-kb arabidopsis thaliana bacterial artificial chromosome contig reveals the role of chromosomal duplications in the expansion of the brassica rapa genome.comparative genome studies are important contributors to our understanding of genome evolution. most comparative genome studies in plants have been based on genetic mapping of homologous dna loci in different genomes. large-scale comparative physical mapping has been hindered by the lack of efficient and affordable techniques. we report here the adaptation of fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) techniques for comparative physical mapping between arabidopsis thaliana and brassica rapa. a se ...200011014828
content of glucosinolates in cruciferous vegetables grown at the same site for two years under different climatic conditions.individual glucosinolates (gls) were determined in vegetables of three cruciferae species: brassica oleracea l. (white cabbage, red cabbage, savoy cabbage, brussels sprouts, cauliflower, kale, kohlrabi), brassica rapa l. (turnip), and raphanus sativus l. (red radish, black radish, and white radish) produced in two years. the cultivars were compared for the contents of total-, indole-, and aliphatic gls. in both years, the total content of gls was highest in black radish, and all examined r. sati ...200010898637
alteration of the self-incompatibility phenotype in brassica by transformation of the antisense slg gene.self-incompatible (si) brassica rapa (syn. b. campestris) was transformed with an antisense slg gene by using slg8 cdna isolated from the b. campestris s8 homozygote. two transformed lines were obtained and analyzed. northern blot and western blot analyses revealed that endogenous slg and srk were greatly reduced of the transcriptional and translational levels in the transformant. pollination experiments confirmed that their si phenotype had broken down. in addition, the progeny with the antisen ...200010879472
gravity independence of seed-to-seed cycling in brassica rapa.growth of higher plants in the microgravity environment of orbital platforms has been problematic. plants typically developed more slowly in space and often failed at the reproductive phase. short-duration experiments on the space shuttle showed that early stages in the reproductive process could occur normally in microgravity, so we sought a long-duration opportunity to test gravity's role throughout the complete life cycle. during a 122-d opportunity on the mir space station, full life cycles ...200010750897
heritable variation in a family-diagnostic trait.derived characters that have not changed during the diversification of a clade provide traits that are diagnostic at higher taxonomic levels. the tetradynamous stamen condition (four long and two short stamens) of the brassicaceae is an example of a diagnostic trait that has not changed during the diversification of this large flowering plant family. we investigated one hypothesis that might explain the long-term stasis of this trait-that tetradynamous stamens have persisted because of an absenc ...200011005309
analysis of expressed sequence tags from brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis.non-redundant expressed sequence tags (ests) were generated from six different organs at various developmental stages of chinese cabbage, brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis. of the 1,295 ests, 915 (71%) showed significantly high homology in nucleotide or deduced amino acid sequences with other sequences deposited in databases, while 380 did not show similarity to any sequences. briefly, 598 ests matched with proteins of identified biological function, 177 with hypothetical proteins or non-annotate ...200010987136
influence of microgravity on ultrastructure and storage reserves in seeds of brassica rapa l.successful plant reproduction under spaceflight conditions has been problematic in the past. during a 122 d opportunity on the mir space station, full life cycles of brassica rapa l. were completed in microgravity in a series of three experiments in the svet greenhouse. ultrastructural and cytochemical analyses of storage reserves in mature dry seeds produced in these experiments were compared with those of seeds produced during a high-fidelity ground control. additional analyses were performed ...200011543312
pollination and embryo development in brassica rapa l. in microgravity.plant reproduction under spaceflight conditions has been problematic in the past. in order to determine what aspect of reproductive development is affected by microgravity, we studied pollination and embryo development in brassica rapa l. during 16 d in microgravity on the space shuttle (sts-87). brassica is self-incompatible and requires mechanical transfer of pollen. short-duration access to microgravity during parabolic flights on the kc-135a aircraft was used initially to confirm that equal ...200010777443
the s receptor kinase determines self-incompatibility in brassica stigma.the self-incompatibility possessed by brassica is an intraspecific reproductive barrier by which the stigma rejects self-pollen but accepts non-self-pollen for fertilization. the molecular/biochemical bases of recognition and rejection have been intensively studied. self-incompatibility in brassica is sporophytically controlled by the polymorphic s locus. two tightly linked polymorphic genes at the s locus, s receptor kinase gene (srk) and s locus glycoprotein gene (slg), are specifically expres ...200010706292
brassica rapa has three genes that encode proteins associated with different neutral lipids in plastids of specific tissues.plastid lipid-associated protein (pap), a predominant structural protein associated with carotenoids and other non-green neutral lipids in plastids, was shown to be encoded by a single nuclear gene in several species. here we report three pap genes in the diploid brassica rapa; the three paps are associated with different lipids in specific tissues. pap1 and pap2 are more similar to each other (84% amino acid sequence identity) than to pap3 (46% and 44%, respectively) in the encoded mature prote ...200111351096
genetic diversity of allozymes in turnip (brassica rapa l. var. rapa) from the nordic area.genetic diversity and relationships based on isozymes were studied in 31 accessions of turnip (brassica rapa l. var. rapa). the material included varieties, elite stocks, landraces and older turnip of slash-and-burn type from the nordic area. a total of 9 isozyme loci and 26 alleles were studied. the isozyme systems were aco, dia, gpi, got, pgm, pgd and skd. the level of heterozygosity was reduced in the landraces, but it was high for the variety group 'ostersundom'. turnip has a higher genetic ...200111525064
partial purification of polyphenol oxidase from chinese cabbage brassica rapa l.polyphenol oxidase (ppo) was purified and characterized from chinese cabbage by ammonium sulfate precipitation and deae-toyopearl 650m column chromatography. substrate staining of the crude protein extract showed the presence of three isozymic forms of this enzyme. the molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated to be approximately 65 kda by gel filtration on toyopearl hw-55f. on sds-page analysis, this enzyme was composed of a subunit molecular weight of 65 kda. the optimum ph was 5.0 ...200111513690
shoot δ(15)n and δ (13)c values of non-host brassica rapa change when exposed to ±glomus etunicatum inoculum and three levels of phosphorus and nitrogen.glasshouse experiments were conducted to study the response of non-host brassica rapa and host sorghum bicolor to inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (amf) glomus etunicatum when given different levels of n (0.9 mmol kg(-1) sand, 2.7 mmol kg(-1) sand, 8.1 mmol kg(-1) sand) and p (3.6 µmol kg(-1) sand, 10.7 µmol kg(-1) sand, 32.0 µmol kg(-1) sand) fertiliser. on both plant species, the presence of g. etunicatum inoculum (+amf) was associated with significant changes of shoot δ(15)n ...200124595435
the last step of the ethylene biosynthesis pathway in turnip tops (brassica rapa) seeds: alterations related to development and germination and its inhibition during desiccation.the involvement of ethylene in zygotic embryogenesis is a little known aspect of the growth and development in higher plants. in the present work, we study the alterations of the last step of the ethylene biosynthesis pathway during the formation period of turnip tops (brassica rapa cv. rapa) seeds and its repercussions in the germination process and post-germinative growth. for this, we chose 11 different phases of silique development, the first being the recently fertilized pistil and the last ...200111454233
cytology, rapd, and seed colour of progeny plants from brassica rapa-alboglabra aneuploids and development of monosomic addition lines.progeny plants from brassica rapa-alboglabra aneuploids were characterized genetically by scoring random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers and seed colour and cytologically as to chromosome number and pairing. sets of rapd markers specific for each of the encountered eight alien brassica alboglabra chromosomes were defined. the finding of subsets of markers associated with the presence or absence of alien chromosomes inferred the frequent occurrence of intergenomic genetic recombination a ...200111768204
[growth and development of plants in a sequence of generations under the conditions of space flight (experiment greenhouse-3)].the purpose was to study characteristic features of growth and development of several plant generations in space flight in experiment greenhouse-3 as a part of the russian-us space research program mir/nasa in 1997. the experiment consisted of cultivation of brassica rapa l. in board greenhouse svet. two vegetative cycles were fully completed and the third vegetation was terminated on day 13 on the phase of budding. the total duration of the space experiment was 122 days, i.e. same as in the gro ...200111589157
molecular genetic analysis of the candidate gene for mod, a locus required for self-incompatibility in brassica rapa.the mip-mod (for mod-locus associated major intrinsic protein) gene encodes an aquaporin-like product, and has been reported to be a candidate for the mod gene which is required for the self-incompatibility response in brassica rapa. in an antisense suppression experiment designed to investigate the role of mip-mod, we found that levels of mip-mod mrna in the stigmas of fourteen antisense transgenics, as well as in the self-incompatible cultivar osome (osm), were much lower than in the stigmas o ...200111405635
the uptake and speciation of various al species in the brassica rapa pekinensis.an investigation was carried out on the uptake and speciation of al species in al tolerant chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. ssp. pekinensis). plants were exposed to 10 microg cm(-3) of al in the chemical forms of al3+, al-citrate and al-malate in a time span from 1 up to 24 h. in each experiment the nutrient solution and stem sap were analysed by a combination of fplc icp aes and es ms ms techniques. speciation analysis enabled determination of particular chemical forms of al present in the nut ...200111382234
syntheses and biological activities of pyranyl-substituted cinnamates.twenty-two kinds of pyranyl-substituted cinnamates were synthesized by the reaction of 4-hydroxy-6-(2-phenylethyl)-2h-pyran-2-one or 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2h-pyran-2-one (hmp) with a variety of substituted cinnamic acids, and their antifungal and plant growth inhibitory activities were investigated. among the compounds prepared, 6-methyl-2-oxo-2h-pyran-4-yl 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)propenoate (h5) showed the strongest antifungal activity against rhizoctonia solani and sclerotium dellfinii, and 6-methyl ...200111272821
evidence of root zone hypoxia in brassica rapa l. grown in microgravity.a series of experiments was conducted aboard the u.s. space shuttle and the mir space station to evaluate microgravity-induced root zone hypoxia in rapid-cycling brassica (brassica rapa l.), using both root and foliar indicators of low-oxygen stress to the root zone. root systems from two groups of plants 15 and 30 d after planting, grown in a phenolic foam nutrient delivery system on the shuttle (sts-87), were harvested and fixed for microscopy or frozen for enzyme assays immediately postflight ...200111725801
main characteristics of biological components of developing life support system observed during the experiments aboard orbital complex mir.since 1990, the orbital complex mir has witnessed several incubator experiments for determination of spaceflight effects on embryogenesis of japanese quail. first viable chicks who had completed the whole embryological cycle in mir microgravity hatched out in 1990; it became clear that newborns would not be able to adapt to microgravity unaided. there were 8 successful incubations of chicks in the period from 1990 to 1999. in 1995-1997 the mir-nasa space science program united russian and us inv ...200111695432
molybdenum sequestration in brassica species. a role for anthocyanins?to elucidate plant mechanisms involved in molybdenum (mo) sequestration and tolerance, brassica spp. seedlings were supplied with molybdate, and the effects on plant physiology, morphology, and biochemistry were analyzed. when supplied with (colorless) molybdate indian mustard (brassica juncea) seedlings accumulated water-soluble blue crystals in their peripheral cell layers. energy dispersive x-ray analysis showed that mo accumulated predominantly in the vacuoles of the epidermal cells. therefo ...200111500539
evaluation and refinement of a continuous seed germination and early seedling growth test for the use in the ecotoxicological assessment of soils.four higher plant species (avena sativa l., oat; lepidium sativum l., cress; brassica rapa metzg., turnip; and phaseolus vulgaris l., bush bean) and 15 soils including five mineral oil-contaminated soils were tested to assess a soil-based continuous seed germination and early seedling growth bioassay. seed germination was recorded and the shoot biomass of 14-day seedlings measured. an automatic self-watering system was compared with the daily hand watering. results obtained from this study show ...200111459155
an active role of the amyloplasts and nuclei of root statocytes in graviperception.three main phases are discerned in the gravitropic reaction: perception of a gravitational stimulus, its transduction, and fixation of the reaction resulting in bending of an organ. according to the starch-statolith hypothesis of nemec and haberlandt, amyloplasts in the structurally and functionally specialized graviperceptive cells (statocytes) sediment in the direction of a gravitational vector in the distal part of a cell while a nucleus is in the proximal one. if amyloplasts appear to act as ...200111596638
reproduction during spaceflight by plants in the family brassicaceae.researchers report on studies of reproduction in arabidopsis thaliana in space during during the chromex-03 on sts-54, chromex-04 on sts-51, and chromex-05 on sts-68 missions. the obstacles to seed formation were related to carbon dioxide levels. other experiments examined in flight pollination and seed production in brassica rapa during parabolic flight, a 4-1/2 month stay on mir, and on sts-87. during the mir experiment, brassica seeds were harvested from seeds sown in flight. the second gener ...200112638611
expression, mapping, and genetic variability of brassica napus disease resistance gene analogues.numerous sequences analogous to resistance (r) genes exist in plant genomes and could be involved in resistance traits. the aim of this study was to identify a large number of brassica napus sequences related to r genes and also to test the adequacy of specific pcr-based tools for studying them. different consensus primers were compared for their efficiency in amplifying resistance-gene analogues (rgas) related to the nucleotide-binding-site subgroup of r genes. specific primers were subsequentl ...200111768212
transient expression of a gus reporter gene from cauliflower mosaic virus replacement vectors in the presence and absence of helper virus.vectors based upon the genome of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) have only a limited capacity for replicating foreign dna in plants. a helper virus system has been developed to complement camv constructs capable of carrying a large foreign gene (glucuronidase; gus). gus replaced part or all of the non-essential camv gene ii and the essential genes iii, iv and v. this construct was co-inoculated mechanically with wild-type camv helper virus onto brassica rapa leaves to promote gus vector compleme ...200111125159
in planta sequential hydroxylation and glycosylation of a fungal phytotoxin: avoiding cell death and overcoming the fungal invader.to facilitate plant colonization, some pathogenic fungi produce phytotoxic metabolites that damage tissues; plants may be resistant to a particular pathogen if they produce an enzyme(s) that catalyzes detoxification of this metabolite(s). alternaria blackspot is one of the most damaging and significant fungal diseases of brassica crops, with no source of resistance known within the brassica species. destruxin b is the major phytotoxin produced by the blackspot-causing fungus, alternaria brassica ...200111149945
paenibacillus polymyxa produces fusaricidin-type antifungal antibiotics active against leptosphaeria maculans, the causative agent of blackleg disease of canola.a bacterial isolate capable of inhibiting the growth of leptosphaeria maculans (desmaz.) ces. & de not., the causative agent of blackleg disease of canola (brassica napus l. and brassica rapa l.), was identified as a potential biological control agent. this environmental isolate was determined to be paenibacillus polymyxa based on its (i) biochemical and growth characteristics and (ii) 16s rrna sequence similarity, and was given the strain designation pkb1. antifungal peptides were produced by p ...200211958569
identification of repetitive, genome-specific probes in crucifer oilseed species.direct amplification of minisatellite dna by pcr (damd pcr) was used to amplify and subsequently clone several fragments of dna from crucifer species. the pcr-derived fragments of dna were generated using known minisatellite core sequences as pcr primers. southern hybridization of these putative minisatellite dna fragments revealed that many were genome-specific; they hybridized with high affinity only to the genomic dna of the species from which they were cloned. the dna fragments were believed ...200212033617
ability of honeybee, apis mellifera, to detect and discriminate odors of varieties of canola (brassica rapa and brassica napus) and snapdragon flowers (antirrhinum majus).honeybees (apis mellifera) use odors to identify and discriminate among flowers during foraging. this series of experiments examined the ability of bees to detect and discriminate among the floral odors of different varieties of two species of canola (brassica rapa and brassica napus) and also among three varieties of snapdragons (antirhinnum majus). individual worker honeybees were trained using a proboscis extension assay. the ability of bees to distinguish a floral odor from an air stimulus d ...200212035922
restoring enzyme activity in nonfunctional low erucic acid brassica napus fatty acid elongase 1 by a single amino acid substitution.genomic fatty acid elongation 1 (fae1) clones from high erucic acid (hea) brassica napus, brassica rapa and brassica oleracea, and low erucic acid (lea) b. napus cv. westar, were amplified by pcr and expressed in yeast cells under the control of the strong galactose-inducible promoter. as expected, yeast cells expressing the fae1 genes from hea brassica spp. synthesized very long chain monounsaturated fatty acids that are not normally found in yeast, while fatty acid profiles of yeast cells expr ...200212423362
lead phytoextraction from contaminated soil with high-biomass plant species.in this study, cabbage [brassica rapa l. subsp. chinensis (l.) hanelt cv. xinza no 1], mung bean [vigna radiata (l.) r. wilczek var. radiata cv. vc-3762], and wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. altas 66) were grown in pb-contaminated soils. application of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) (3.0 mmol of edta/kg soil) to the soil significantly increased the concentrations of pb in the shoots and roots of all the plants. lead concentrations in the cabbage shoots reached 5010 and 4620 mg/kg dry mat ...200212469839
bt-transgenic oilseed rape hybridization with its weedy relative, brassica rapa.the movement of transgenes from crops to weeds and the resulting consequences are concerns of modern agriculture. the possible generation of "superweeds" from the escape of fitness-enhancing transgenes into wild populations is a risk that is often discussed, but rarely studied. oilseed rape, brassica napus (l.), is a crop with sexually compatible weedy relatives, such as birdseed rape (brassica rapa (l.)). hybridization of this crop with weedy relatives is an extant risk and an excellent intersp ...200215612253
linkage mapping of genes controlling resistance to white rust (albugo candida) in brassica rapa (syn. campestris) and comparative mapping to brassica napus and arabidopsis thaliana.genes for resistance to white rust (albugo candida) in oilseed brassica rapa were mapped using a recombinant inbred (ri) population and a genetic linkage map consisting of 144 restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) markers and 3 phenotypic markers. young seedlings were evaluated by inoculating cotyledons with a. candida race 2 (ac2) and race 7 (ac7) and scoring the interaction phenotype (ip) on a 0-9 scale. the ip of each line was nearly identical for the two races and the population sh ...200211908664
coding sequence divergence between two closely related plant species: arabidopsis thaliana and brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis.to characterize the coding-sequence divergence of closely related genomes, we compared dna sequence divergence between sequences from a brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis est library isolated from flower buds and genomic sequences from arabidopsis thaliana. the specific objectives were (i) to determine the distribution of and relationship between k(a) and k(s), (ii) to identify genes with the lowest and highest k(a): k(s) values, and (iii) to evaluate how codon usage has diverged between two closely ...200212029356
phytochrome photoreceptors mediate plasticity to light quality in flowers of the brassicaceae.the family of phytochrome photoreceptors mediates stem-elongation responses to ambient ratios of red : far-red light (r : fr). although phytochrome genes are expressed in flowers in addition to vegetative parts, nothing is known about floral plasticity to r : fr or the pleiotropic effects of phytochrome genes on flowers. here, the following floral morphologies were compared: (1) wild-type arabidopsis thaliana and brassica rapa plants experiencing high r : fr characteristic of sunlight vs. low r  ...200221669731
from arabidopsis thaliana to brassica napus: development of amplified consensus genetic markers (acgm) for construction of a gene map.the evolution of genomes can be studied by comparing maps of homologous genes which show changes in nucleic acid sequences and chromosome rearrangements. in this study, we developed a set of 32 amplified consensus gene markers (acgms) that amplified gene sequences from arabidopsis thaliana and brassica napus. our methodology, based on pcr, facilitated the rapid sequencing of homologous genes from various species of the same phylogenetic family and the detection of intragenic polymorphism. we fou ...200212582899
characterization and effects of the replicated flowering time gene flc in brassica rapa.functional genetic redundancy is widespread in plants and could have an important impact on phenotypic diversity if the multiple gene copies act in an additive or dosage-dependent manner. we have cloned four brassica rapa homologs (brflc) of the mads-box flowering-time regulator flc, located at the top of chromosome 5 of arabidopsis thaliana. relative rate tests revealed no evidence for differential rates of evolution and the ratios of nonsynonymous-to-synonymous substitutions suggest brflc loci ...200212454088
identifying the chromosomes of the a- and c-genome diploid brassica species b. rapa (syn. campestris) and b. oleracea in their amphidiploid b. napus.oilseed rape ( brassica napus l.) is an amphidiploid species that originated from a spontaneous hybridisation of brassica rapa l. (syn. campestris) and brassica oleracea l., and contains the complete diploid chromosome sets of both parental genomes. the metaphase chromosomes of the highly homoeologous a genome of b. rapa and the c genome of b. oleracea cannot be reliably distinguished in b. napus because of their morphological similarity. fluorescence in situ hybridisation (fish) with 5s and 25s ...200212582655
destiny of a transgene escape from brassica napus into brassica rapa.transgenic brassica napus can be easily crossed with wild brassica rapa. the spread of the transgene to wild species has aroused the general concern about its effect on ecological and agricultural systems. this paper was designated, by means of population genetics, to study the fate of a transgene escape from b. napus to b. rapa. three models were proposed to survey the change in gene frequency during successive backcross processes by considering selection pressures against aneuploids, against h ...200212582564
male fitness of oilseed rape (brassica napus), weedy b. rapa and their f(1) hybrids when pollinating b. rapa seeds.the likelihood that two species hybridise and backcross may depend strongly on environmental conditions, and possibly on competitive interactions between parents and hybrids. we studied the paternity of seeds produced by weedy brassica rapa growing in mixtures with oilseed rape (b. napus) and their f(1) hybrids at different frequencies and densities. paternity was determined by the presence of a transgene, morphology, and aflp markers. in addition, observations of flower and pollen production, a ...200212209392
phylogenetic analysis of brassiceae based on the nucleotide sequences of the s-locus related gene, slr1.nucleotide sequences of orthologs of the s-locus related gene, slr1, in 20 species of brassicaceae were determined and compared with the previously reported slr1 sequences of six species. identities of deduced amino-acid sequences with brassica oleracea slr1 ranged from 66.0% to 97.6%, and those with b. oleracea srk and slr2 were less than 62% and 55%, respectively. in multiple alignment of deduced amino-acid sequences, the 180-190th amino-acid residues from the initial methionine were highly va ...200212582894
recognition specificity of self-incompatibility maintained after the divergence of brassica oleracea and brassica rapa.the determinants of recognition specificity of self-incompatibility in brassica are srk in the stigma and sp11/scr in the pollen, respectively. in the pair of s haplotypes brs46 (s46 in b. rapa) and bos7 (s7 in b. oleracea), which have highly similar srk alleles, the sp11 alleles were found to be similar, with 96.1% identity in the deduced amino acid sequence. two other pairs of s haplotypes, brs47 and bos12, and brs8 and bos32, having highly similar srk and sp11 alleles between the two species ...200211851921
a study of the phylogeny of brassica rapa, b. nigra, raphanus sativus, and their related genera using noncoding regions of chloroplast dna.there are two evolutionary lineages in the genus brassica: the rapa/oleracea lineage and the nigra lineage. using nuclear dna sequences such as the intergenic spacer between 5s rrna genes and the internal transcribed spacer between 18s and 25s rrna genes, we and others had previously demonstrated that raphanus sativus is closely related to the nigra lineage. in the present study, we sequenced the chloroplast noncoding region between trnt and trnf and that between trnd and trnt in seven species a ...200212069556
accumulation of hmx (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) in indigenous and agricultural plants grown in hmx-contaminated anti-tank firing-range soil.to investigate their potential for phytoremediation, selected agricultural and indigenous terrestrial plants were examined fortheir capacity to accumulate and degrade the explosive octahydro-1 ,3,5,7-tetra nitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (hmx). plant tissue and soil extracts were analyzed for the presence of hmx and possible degradative metabolites using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array uv detection (hplc-uv), micellar electrokinetic chromatography with diode-array uv detection ...200211811476
isolation and characterization of microsatellites in brassica rapa l.we report here the isolation and characterization of microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats (ssrs), in brassica rapa. the size-fractionated genomic library was screened with (ga)(15) and (gt)(15) oligonucleotide probes. a total of 58 clones were identified as having the microsatellite repeats, and specific primer pairs were designed for 38 microsatellite loci. all primer pairs, except two, amplified fragments having the sizes expected from the sequences. of the 36 primer pairs, 35 amplified ...200212582617
intergeneric hybridization between erucastrum canariense and brassica rapa. genetic relatedness between e(c) and a genomes.an intergeneric hybrid between a wild species, erucastrum canariense (2n = 18; e(c)e(c)), and a cultivated oilseed brassica species, brassica rapa (2n = 20; aa), was synthesized through ovary culture in white's basal medium supplemented with casein hydrolysate. morphological, cytological and dna-based analysis helped to establish the hybrid nature of the derived plants. hybrid plants were morphologically intermediate between the two parents and were completely male, as well as female sterile. cy ...200212582489
[rapd analysis for the genetic diversity of brassica rapa in tibet].tibet, a most beautiful place, locating in southwestern china. she has been called as the third pole of the earth. unique geological history, complex land surface and climatic zones, various soil types, all different wild vegetations etc., all of these make tibet a very typical area of vertical agricultural ecosystem. the ecosystem in tibet may be the most complex in the world, which varies from place to place. genetic differentiation of 107 accessions of brassica rapa from tibet plateau was stu ...200212645268
a flavonoid from brassica rapa flower as the uv-absorbing nectar guide.the corolla of brassica rapa has an uv-absorbing zone in its center, known as the nectar guide for attracting pollinating insects. the pigment which plays the role of the nectar guide was isolated from the petals and identified to be isorhamnetin 3,7-o-di-beta-d-glucopyranoside on the basis of ms and nmr spectroscopic data. the d-, l-configurations of the sugar moieties were determined by the fluorometric hplc method. in plants raised in open field, there was a 13-fold higher content of the comp ...200212359520
reserve nutrient substance accumulation in brassica rapa l. seeds in microgravity conditions (sts-87).the results of study of brassica embryo differentiation and reserve nutrient substance accumulation in the seeds were represented. near resemblance of the spaceflight and around control embryo development was revealed. different character of the reserve substance accumulation was noted, despite of the morphologic similarity in seeds produced in spaceflight and on the ground. it allows to consider spaceflight embryos morphologically more younger compared to the ground control.200215002564
state of brassica rapa photosynthetic membranes in microgravity.the structural characteristics of the photosynthetic apparatus of brassica rapa plants grown on board the space shuttle columbia (sts-87) for 15 days were examined using the methods of transmission electron microscopy and statistic programme stat. maintaining of the same growth conditions for control plants was realized with great accuracy using the orbiter environmental simulator in kennedy space center. a grana number per a medial section 1.8 times decreased in microgravity. considerable chang ...200215002560
genomic organization of the s core region and the s flanking regions of a class-ii s haplotype in brassica rapa.the nucleotide sequence of an 86.4-kb region that includes the sp11, srk, and slg genes of brassica rapa s-60 (a class-ii s haplotype) was determined. in the sequenced region, 13 putative genes were found besides sp11-60, srk-60, and slg-60. five of these sequences were isolated as cdnas, five were homologues of known genes, cdnas, or orfs, and three are hypothetical orfs. based on their nucleotide sequences, however, some of them are thought to be non-functional. two regions of colinearity betw ...200312684882
effects of d-methionine or l-methionine on root hair of brassica rapa.we examined the effects of d- or l-amino acids on the stimulation of brassica rapa roots. when 6.7 microm of d-methionine (d-met) or l-methionine (l-met) was applied, root hair numbers increased. l-met (above concentration of 67.0 microm) caused the tip of roots to spiral. when cocl2 (ethylene synthesis inhibitor) was added into the medium, l-met lost its activity but cocl2 did not inhibit the bioactivity of d-met.200316233432
induced phytoextraction/soil washing of lead using biodegradable chelate and permeable barriers.chelate-induced remediation has been proposed as an effective tool for the extraction of lead (pb) from contaminated soils by plants. however, side-effects, mainly mobilization and leaching of pb, raise environmental concerns. biodegradable, synthetic organic chelate ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (edds), and commonly used ethylenedimanetetraacetic acid (edta) were used for induced phytoextraction with a test plant brassica rapa and in situ washing of soil contaminated with 1350 mg/kg of pb. hor ...200312630481
structure of the male determinant factor for brassica self-incompatibility.many flowering plants possess a self-incompatibility system to prevent inbreeding. in brassica rapa, self/non-self recognition in mating is established through s-haplotype-specific interactions between stigma receptors and s-locus protein 11 (sp11, also called s-locus cysteine-rich protein) that is encoded at the highly polymorphic s-locus. here we describe the solution structure of the sp11 protein of the s8-haplotype (s8-sp11), which specifically binds to the stigma factor of the same haplotyp ...200312835321
the s haplotypes lacking slg in the genome of brassica rapa.self-incompatibility (si) discriminating self- and non-self pollen is regulated by s-locus genes in brassica. in most of the s haplotypes, a highly polymorphic s-locus glycoprotein ( slg) gene is tightly linked to genes for the si determinants, s-receptor kinase ( srk) and sp11, although the precise function of slg in si has not been clarified. in the present study, we performed dna gel blot analysis for s(32), s(33), and s(36) haplotypes of brassica rapa showing normal si phenotypes and conclud ...200312789510
immunohistochemical studies on translocation of pollen s-haplotype determinant in self-incompatibility of brassica rapa.the self-incompatibility system in brassica is controlled by the s-locus, which contains s-receptor kinase (srk) and s-locus protein 11 (sp11). srk and sp11 control stigma and pollen s-haplotype specificity, respectively. sp11 binding to srk induces the autophosphorylation of srk, which triggers the signaling cascade that results in the rejection of self-pollen. the localization of sp11 protein during pollen development and pollination, however, have never been demonstrated. in this study, we ex ...200312721384
a recent polyploidy superimposed on older large-scale duplications in the arabidopsis genome.the arabidopsis genome contains numerous large duplicated chromosomal segments, but the different approaches used in previous analyses led to different interpretations regarding the number and timing of ancestral large-scale duplication events. here, using more appropriate methodology and a more recent version of the genome sequence annotation, we investigate the scale and timing of segmental duplications in arabidopsis. we used protein sequence similarity searches to detect duplicated blocks in ...200312566392
regulation of brassica rapa chloroplast proliferation in vivo and in cultured leaf disks.to understand the regulatory mechanisms of chloroplast proliferation, chloroplast replication was studied in cultured leaf disks cut from plants of 25 species. in leaf disks from brassica rapa var. perviridis, the number of chloroplasts per cell increased remarkably in culture. we examined chloroplast replication in this plant in vivo and in culture media with and without benzyladenine, a cytokinin. in whole plants, leaf cells undergo two phases from leaf emergence to full expansion: an early pr ...200314714202
phylogenetic analyses and expression studies reveal two distinct groups of calreticulin isoforms in higher plants.calreticulin (crt) is a multifunctional protein mainly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells. here, we present the first analysis, to our knowledge, of evolutionary diversity and expression profiling among different plant crt isoforms. phylogenetic studies and expression analysis show that higher plants contain two distinct groups of crts: a crt1/crt2 group and a crt3 group. to corroborate the existence of these isoform groups, we cloned a putative crt3 ortholog from brassic ...200314563927
genetic variation and relationships of constitutive and herbivore-induced glucosinolates, trypsin inhibitors, and herbivore resistance in brassica rapa.we examined genetic variation in inducibility and in constitutive and herbivore-induced levels of glucosinolates, trypsin inhibitors, and resistance to herbivory in families of brassica rapa originating from a wild population. we also examined phenotypic and genetic correlations among absolute levels of these traits in control and induced plants. we grew seedlings of 10 half-sib families in pairs in pots, and exposed one plant per pair to folivory by trichoplusia ni larvae. two days later, we sa ...200312737259
genomic organization of the s-locus region of brassica.to gain some insights into the structure of the s-locus and the mechanisms that have kept its diversity, a 75-kb genomic fragment containing the self-incompatibility (s) locus region was isolated from the s12-haplotype of brassica rapa and compared with those of other s-haplotypes. the region around the s determinant genes was highly polymorphic and filled with s-haplotype-specific intergenic sequences. the diverse genomic structure must contribute to the suppression of recombination at the s-lo ...200312723613
commonality of self-recognition specificity of s haplotypes between brassica oleracea and brassica rapa.we have identified several interspecific pairs of s haplotypes having highly similar srk and sp11/scr sequences between brassica oleracea and brassica rapa. the recognition specificities of s haplotypes in these pairs were examined with three different methods. stigmas of interspecific hybrids between an s-32 homozygote in b. oleracea and an s-60 homozygote in b. rapa, which were produced to avoid the interspecific incompatibility between the two species, showed incompatibility to the pollen of ...200312956531
hybridization between transgenic brassica napus l. and its wild relatives: brassica rapa l., raphanus raphanistrum l., sinapis arvensis l., and erucastrum gallicum (willd.) o.e. schulz.the frequency of gene flow from brassica napus l. (canola) to four wild relatives, brassica rapa l., raphanus raphanistrum l., sinapis arvensis l. and erucastrum gallicum (willd.) o.e. schulz, was assessed in greenhouse and/or field experiments, and actual rates measured in commercial fields in canada. various marker systems were used to detect hybrid individuals: herbicide resistance traits (hr), green fluorescent protein marker (gfp), species-specific amplified fragment length polymorphisms (a ...200312721639
allometry and development in herbaceous plants: functional responses of meristem allocation to light and nutrient availability.we examined the relationship between meristem allocation and plant size for four annual plant species: arabidopsis thaliana, arenaria serphyllifolia, brassica rapa, and chaenorrhinum minus. gradients of light and nutrient availability were used to obtain a range of plant sizes for each of these species. relative allocation to reproductive, inactive, and growth meristems were used to measure reproductive effort, apical dominance, and branching intensity, respectively. we measured allocation to ea ...200321659133
synthesis of intergeneric hybrids and establishment of genomic affinity between diplotaxis catholica and crop brassica species.intergeneric hybrids of the wild crucifer diplotaxis catholica (2n = 18, d(c)d(c)) as female with two crop brassica species, namely brassica rapa (2n = 20; aa) and brassica juncea (2n = 36; aabb) as male, were developed, using ovary and sequential culture. reciprocal crosses were not successful, suggesting unilateral cross incompatibility. morphologically, the hybrid plants resembled the crop brassica parents, but were nearly male- as well as female-sterile. induction of amphiploidy helped to im ...200312748775
host suitability of rapeseed for heterodera schachtii.because rapeseed, especially canola, has the potential to be grown in rotation with sugarbeet in the north-central region of the united states, this study was initiated to assess its susceptibility to infection by heterodera schachtii and to develop a screening method for brassica germplasm. existing methodology was adapted for growing brassica juncea, b. napus, b. rapa, brassica hybrids, and sugarbeet, beta vulgaris, in h. schachtii-infested soil to count the females that developed on the roots ...200319265972
transgenic bt-producing brassica napus: plutella xylostella selection pressure and fitness of weedy relatives.release of transgenic insect-resistant crops creates the potential not only for the insect pest to evolve resistance but for the escape of transgenes that may confer novel or enhanced fitness-related traits through hybridization with their wild relatives. the differential response of diamondback moth (plutella xylostella) populations in eastern and western canada to bt-producing (gt) brassica napus and the potential for enhanced fitness of gt b. napus and weedy gt brassica rapa x b. napus hybrid ...200315612282
nitrate leaching in an andisol treated with different types of fertilizers.nitrate (no3) leaching was studied in an andisol treated with four n fertilizers (sc: swine compost, cu: coated urea, an: ammonium n, or nf: no fertilizer) for 7 years. sweet corn (zea mays l.) was grown in summer, followed by chinese cabbage (brassica rapa l. var. amplexicaulis) or cabbage (brassica oleracea l. var. capitata) in autumn each year. in chemical fertilizer plots treated with an or cu, no(3)-n concentrations in soil water at 1-m depth increased markedly in the summer of the second y ...200312685774
safety assessment of recombinant green fluorescent protein orally administered to weaned rats.several proposed biotechnological applications of green fluorescent protein (gfp) are likely to result in its introduction into the food supply of domestic animals and humans. we fed pure gfp and diets containing transgenic canola expressing gfp to young male rats for 26 d to evaluate the potential toxicity and allergenicity of gfp. animals (n = 8 per group) were fed either ain-93g (control), control diet plus 1.0 mg of purified gfp daily, modified control diet with 200 g/kg canola (brassica rap ...200312771338
growth conditions, elemental accumulation and induced physiological changes in chinese cabbage.soils contaminated with low levels of heavy metals and other trace elements are now frequently used for vegetable growing. in this situation, heavy metals and trace elements from these polluted soils may accumulate in the agricultural plants being grown in them and thereby enter the human food chain. the objectives of this study are to elucidate the effects of growth conditions, manipulated by the crop covers, on the phytoaccumulation of elements, and to investigate the conceivable influences of ...200312781236
characterization of salicylic acid-induced genes in chinese cabbage.salicylic acid is a messenger molecule in the activation of defense responses in plants. in this study, we isolated four cdna clones representing salicylic acid-induced genes in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) by subtractive hybridization. of the four clones, the bc5-2 clone encodes a putative glucosyltransferase protein. the bc5-3 clone is highly similar to an arabidopsis gene encoding a putative metal-binding farnesylated protein. the bc6-1 clone is a chitinase gene with simi ...200312835914
growth stimulation of ectomycorrhizal fungi by root exudates of brassicaceae plants: role of degraded compounds of indole glucosinolates.brassicaceae plants are nonmycorrhizal. they were found to inhibit va mycorrhizal infection in their host plants. we tested if they can influence growth of ectomycorrhizal (ecm) fungi. when roots and leaves of brassicaceae plants and ecm fungi were cultured together in the same petri dishes, the root exudates of turnip (brassica rapa), swede (b. napobrassica), cabbage (b. oleracea, var. capitata), broccoli (b. oleracea, var. italica plenck), kohlrobi (b. caulorapa pasq.), mustard (b. juncea), ra ...200312918920
identification of two loci for resistance to clubroot (plasmodiophora brassicae woronin) in brassica rapa l.in an analysis of 114 f(2) individuals from a cross between clubroot-resistant and susceptible lines of brassica rapa l., 'g004' and 'hakusai chukanbohon nou 7' (a9709), respectively, we identified two loci, crr1 and crr2, for clubroot (caused by plasmodiophora brassicae woronin) resistance. each locus segregated independently among the f(2) population, indicating that the loci reside on a different region of chromosomes or on different chromosomes. genetic analysis showed that each locus had li ...200312955203
additive transgene expression and genetic introgression in multiple green-fluorescent protein transgenic crop x weed hybrid generations.the level of transgene expression in crop x weed hybrids and the degree to which crop-specific genes are integrated into hybrid populations are important factors in assessing the potential ecological and agricultural risks of gene flow associated with genetic engineering. the average transgene zygosity and genetic structure of transgenic hybrid populations change with the progression of generations, and the green fluorescent protein (gfp) transgene is an ideal marker to quantify transgene expres ...200313679991
characterization of a salicylic acid- and pathogen-induced lipase-like gene in chinese cabbage.a cdna clone for a salicylic acid-induced gene in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) was isolated and characterized. the cabbage gene, designated br-sil1 (for brassica rapa salicylate-induced lipase-like 1 gene), encodes a putative lipase that has the family ii lipase motif gdsxxdxg around the active site serine. a database search showed that plant genomes have a large number of genes that contain the family ii lipase motif. the lipase-like proteins include a myrosinase-associated ...200314536025
stable bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin content in interspecific f1 and backcross populations of wild brassica rapa after bt gene transfer.stable expression of a transgene may lead to increased fitness for wild plants after acquiring the transgene via crop-weed hybridization. here, we investigate the stability of bt toxin content in wild brassica rapa acquiring the bt gene from bt brassica napus. the bt toxin content in nine bt-expressing b. napus lines was 0.80-1.70 micro g/g leaf tissue throughout the growing season. these nine lines were crossed with three accessions of wild b. rapa and the bt gene was successfully transferred t ...200414653804
scar and caps mapping of crb, a gene conferring resistance to plasmodiophora brassicae in chinese cabbage ( brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis).clubroot disease, caused by plasmodiophora brassicae wor., is highly damaging for chinese cabbage. the cr (clubroot resistant) shinki dh (doubled haploid) line of chinese cabbage carries a single dominant gene, crb, which confers resistance to the p. brassicae races 2, 4, and 8. an f(2) population derived from a cross between the cr shinki dh line and a susceptible line, 94sk, was used to map the crb gene. inoculation of f(3) families with ssi (single-spore isolate) resulted in a 1:2:1 segregati ...200414997298
genotypic effects on glucosinolates and sensory properties of broccoli and cauliflower.the objective of this study was to investigate the influence that the species, form or cultivar exerts on the glucosinolate spectrum for glucosinolates and free sugars in selected vegetable species of the brassica genus (brassica oleracea var. italica plenck, brassica rapa var. alboglabra and brassica oleracea var. botrytis l.). the results showed significant differences amongst the cultivar groups for the glucosinolate proportions as well as the contents of health-promoting and flavour-influenc ...200415053347
impact of ecological factors on the initial invasion of bt transgenes into wild populations of birdseed rape (brassica rapa).the inevitable escape of transgenic pollen from cultivated fields will lead to the emergence of transgenic crop-wild plant hybrids in natural patches of wild plants. the fate of these hybrids and that of the transgene depend on their ability to compete with their wild relatives. here we study ecological factors that may enhance the fitness of genetically modified hybrids relative to wild plants for a bacillus thuringiensis ( bt) transgene conferring resistance to insects. mixed stands of wild pl ...200415340690
molecular characterization of a thij-like gene in chinese cabbage.a cdna clone for a salicylic acid-induced gene in chinese cabbage (brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) was isolated and characterized. the cabbage gene encoding a protein of 392 amino acids contained a tandem array of two thij-like sequences. thij is a thiamin biosynthesis enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of hydroxymethylpyrimidine (hmp) to hmp monophosphate. although the cabbage gene shows a similarity to bacterial thij genes, it also shares a similarity with the human dj-1, a multifuncti ...200415469717
localization of the n-terminal domain of cauliflower mosaic virus coat protein precursor.cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) open reading frame (orf) iv encodes a coat protein precursor (pre-cp) harboring an n-terminal extension that is cleaved off by the camv-encoded protease. in transfected cells, pre-cp is present in the cytoplasm, while the processed form (p44) of cp is targeted to the nucleus, suggesting that the n-terminal extension might be involved in keeping the pre-cp in the cytoplasm for viral assembly. this study reports for the first time the intracellular localization of t ...200415207613
diversification and alteration of recognition specificity of the pollen ligand sp11/scr in self-incompatibility of brassica and raphanus.the recognition specificity of the pollen ligand of self-incompatibility (sp11/scr) was investigated using brassica rapa transgenic plants expressing sp11 transgenes, and sp11 of raphanus sativus s-21 was found to have the same recognition specificity as that of b. rapa s-9. in a set of three s haplotypes, whose sequence identities of sp11 and srk are fairly high, r. sativus s-6 showed the same recognition specificity as brassica oleracea s-18 and a slightly different specificity from b. rapa s- ...200415548734
origin and maintenance of a broad-spectrum disease resistance locus in arabidopsis.the broad-spectrum mildew resistance genes rpw8.1 and rpw8.2 define a unique type of plant disease resistance (r) gene, and so far homologous sequences have been found in arabidopsis thaliana only, which suggests a recent origin. in addition to rpw8.1 and rpw8.2, the rpw8 locus contains three homologs of rpw8, hr1, hr2, and hr3, which do not contribute to powdery mildew resistance. to investigate whether rpw8 has originated recently, and if so the processes involved, we have isolated and analyze ...200415155802
yield reduction in brassica napus, b. rapa, b. juncea, and sinapis alba caused by flea beetle (phyllotreta cruciferae (goeze) (coleoptera: chrysomelidae)) infestation in northern idaho.phyllotreta cruciferae is an important insect pest of spring-planted brassica crops, especially during the seedling stage. to determine the effect of early season p. cruciferae infestation on seed yield, 10 genotypes from each of two canola species (brassica napus l. and brassica rapa l.) and two mustard species (brassica juncea l. and sinapis alba l.) were grown in 2 yr under three different p. cruciferae treatments: (1) no insecticide control; (2) foliar applications of endosulfan; and (3) car ...200415568354
characterization of a dwarf gene in brassica rapa, including the identification of a candidate gene.dwarf genes have been valuable for improving harvestable yield of several crop plants and may be useful in oilseed brassica. we evaluated a dwarf gene, dwf2, from brassica rapa in order to determine its phenotypic effects and genetic characteristics. the dwf2 mutant was insensitive to exogenous ga(3) for both plant height and flowering time, suggesting that it is not a mutation in the gibberellin biosynthesis pathway. the dwarf phenotype was controlled by a semidominant allele at a single locus. ...200414727029
cloning and analysis of a cdna encoding an endo-polygalacturonase expressed during the desiccation period of the silique-valves of turnip-tops (brassica rapa l. cv. rapa).during zygotic embryogenesis of turnip-tops (brassica rapa l. cv. rapa), the polygalacturonase activity (pg; ec 3.2.1.15), measured as a decrease in viscosity of polygalacturonic acid, reached a high when the desiccation process in the seeded silique was triggered and the valves had lost more than 70-75% of their moisture (45-50 dpa). the pg activity was not detected in any phases of developing seeds. this work also characterizes a cdna with an open reading frame of 1303 bp and that codes for a ...200415022837
chemical changes induced by methyl jasmonate in oilseed rape grown in the laboratory and in the field.the effect of methyl jasmonate (mj) spraying on the chemistry of brassica plants was investigated. glucosinolates (gls) in the leaves, stems, and roots of laboratory-grown oilseed rape (brassica rapa subsp. oleifera cv. tuli and valo) 3 and 7 days after mj treatment were analyzed. volatile organic compounds (vocs) from whole oilseed rape plants were collected 3 days after mj treatment. gls were also analyzed from field-grown oilseed rape (cv. valo) treated with mj. the production of indolyl gls ...200415675811
elevated atmospheric co(2) affects the chemical quality of brassica plants and the growth rate of the specialist, plutella xylostella, but not the generalist, spodoptera littoralis.cabbage, brassica oleracea subsp. capitata (cv. lennox and rinda), and oilseed rape, brassica rapa subsp. oleifera (cv. valo and tuli), plants were grown under ambient co(2) (360 ppm) or elevated co(2) (720 ppm) at 23/18 degrees c and under a photoperiod of 22/2 h light (250 micromol m(-)(2) s(-)(1))/dark regime for up to 5 weeks. afterward, the performance of the crucifer specialist plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae) and the generalist spodoptera littoralis (lepidoptera: noctuidae) ...200415212467
efficient large-scale development of microsatellites for marker and mapping applications in brassica crop species.a set of 398 simple sequence repeat markers (ssrs) have been developed and characterised for use with genetic studies of brassica species. small-insert (250-900 bp) genomic libraries from brassica rapa, b. nigra, b. oleracea and b. napus, highly enriched for dinucleotide and trinucleotide ssr motifs, were constructed. screening the clones with a mixture of oligonucleotide repeat probes revealed positive hybridisation to between 75% and 90% of the clones. of these, 1230 were sequenced. primer pai ...200415067397
latent s alleles are widespread in cultivated self-compatible brassica napus.the genetic control of self-incompatibility in brassica napus was investigated using crosses between resynthesized lines of b. napus and cultivars of oilseed rape. these crosses introduced eight c-genome s alleles from brassica oleracea (s16, s22, s23, s25, s29, s35, s60, and s63) and one a-genome s allele from brassica rapa (srm29) into winter oilseed rape. the inheritance of s alleles was monitored using genetic markers and s phenotypes were determined in the f1, f2, first backcross (b1), and ...200415060578
a novel locus for clubroot resistance in brassica rapa and its linkage markers.an inbred turnip ( brassica rapa syn. campestris) line, n-wmr-3, which carries the trait of clubroot resistance (cr) from a european turnip, milan white, was crossed with a clubroot-susceptible doubled haploid line, a9709. a segregating f(3) population was obtained by single-seed descent of f(2) plants and used for a genetic analysis. segregation of cr in the f(3) population suggested that cr is controlled by a major gene. two rapd markers, opc11-1 and opc11-2, were obtained as candidates of lin ...200414551685
chelator induced phytoextraction and in situ soil washing of cu.in a soil column experiment, we investigated the effect of 5 mmol kg(-1) soil addition of citric acid, ethylenediamine tetraacetate (edta), diethylenetriamine-pentaacetate (dtpa) and [s,s]-stereoisomer of ethylenediamine-disuccinate (edds) on phytoextraction of cu from a vineyard soil with 162.6 mg kg(-1) cu, into the test plant brassica rapa var. pekinensis. we also examined the use of a horizontal permeable barrier, composed of layers of nutrient enriched sawdust and apatite, for reduction of ...200415312945
overexpression of mitochondrial genes is caused by interactions between the nucleus of brassica rapa and the cytoplasm of diplotaxis muralis in the leaves of alloplasmic lines of b. rapa.in brassica species, alloplasmic lines displaying cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) are established by combining the nucleus from b. rapa with the cytoplasm from diplotaxis muralis. the failure to observe restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) patterns of mitochondrial genes ( coxii, coxiii, atpa, atp6, atp9, cob, nad3, nad6, and nad9) between alloplasmic lines of b. rapa and d. muralis indicates that introgression of the b. rapa nucleus into the cytoplasm of d. muralis does not cause an ...200415232719
genetic variation in flowering time induces phenological assortative mating: quantitative genetic methods applied to brassica rapa.it has been argued from first principles that plants mate assortatively by flowering time. however, there have been very few studies of phenological assortative mating, perhaps because current methods to infer paternal phenotype are difficult to apply to natural populations. two methods are presented to estimate the phenotypic correlation between mates-the quantitative genetic metric for assortative mating-for phenological traits. the first method uses individual flowering schedules to estimate ...200421653438
the final step of the ethylene biosynthesis pathway in turnip tops (brassica rapa): molecular characterization of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase braco1 throughout zygotic embryogenesis and germination of heterogeneous seeds.in a previous report from the present authors, it was shown that the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (acc) oxidation may play a crucial role during zygotic embryogenesis of turnip tops seeds. the present study was performed to elucidate the contribution of the silique-wall and seeds in ethylene production during this developmental process. acc content in the silique wall is only higher than in seeds during the middle phases of zygotic embryogenesis. the acc-oxidase (aco) activity peaks in the ...200415086827
identification and mapping of resistance gene analogs and a white rust resistance locus in brassica rapa ssp. oleifera.the objective of this investigation was to tag a locus for white rust resistance in a brassica rapa ssp. oleifera f(2) population segregating for this trait, using bulked segregant analysis with random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers, linkage mapping and a candidate gene approach based on resistance gene analogs (rgas). the resistance source was the finnish line bor4109. the reaction against white rust races 7a and 7v was scored in 20 seedlings from each self-pollinated f(2 )individual. ...200415067390
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