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terpene biosynthesis in glandular trichomes of hop.hop (humulus lupulus l. cannabaceae) is an economically important crop for the brewing industry, where it is used to impart flavor and aroma to beer, and has also drawn attention in recent years due to its potential pharmaceutical applications. essential oils (mono- and sesquiterpenes), bitter acids (prenylated polyketides), and prenylflavonoids are the primary phytochemical components that account for these traits, and all accumulate at high concentrations in glandular trichomes of hop cones. t ...200818775972
gene expression in fusarium graminearum grown on plant cell wall.fusarium graminearum is a phytopathogenic filamentous fungus attacking a wide range of plants including humulus lupulus (hop). transcriptional analysis of f. graminearum grown on minimal media containing hop cell wall or glucose as the sole carbon source was performed by applying a highly stringent method combining microarrays and a subtracted cdna library. in addition to genes coding for various cell wall degrading enzymes (cwde), several metabolic pathways were induced in response to the plant ...200818249015
antimicrobial activity of lupulone against clostridium perfringens in the chicken intestinal tract jejunum and caecum.owing to the spread of antibiotic resistance among human infectious agents, there is a need to research antibiotic alternatives for use in animal agricultural systems. antibiotic-free broiler chicken production systems are known to suffer from frequent outbreaks of necrotic enteritis due in part to pathogenic type a clostridium perfringens. hop (humulus lupulus) bitter acids are known to possess potent antimicrobial activity. lupulone was evaluated for in vivo antimicrobial activity to inhibit c ...200818276602
the antimicrobial effects of hops (humulus lupulus l.) on ruminal hyper ammonia-producing bacteria.to assess the antimicrobial effects of hops (humulus lupulus l.) on hyper ammonia producing-bacteria (hab), which catabolize amino acids and peptides in the bovine rumen.200919413813
heterodimeric geranyl(geranyl)diphosphate synthase from hop (humulus lupulus) and the evolution of monoterpene biosynthesis.myrcene, which accounts for 30-50% of the essential oil in hop (humulus lupulus l.) trichomes, derives from geranyl diphosphate (gpp), the common precursor of monoterpenes. full-length sequences of heterodimeric gpp synthase small subunit (gpps.ssu, belonging to the ssu i subfamily) and large subunit (lsu) cdnas were mined from a hop trichome cdna library. the ssu was inactive, whereas the lsu produced gpp, farnesyl diphosphate, and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (ggpp) from dimethylallyl diphosphat ...200919482937
formulations of dietary supplements and herbal extracts for relaxation and anxiolytic action: relarian.dietary supplements are widely used for desired effects on memory, insomnia, mood and anxiety. this review focuses on supplements which have anxiolytic or mild relaxation properties and enhance mood. for example, kava (piper methysticum) is reported to have anaxiolytic actions and to reduce tension through skeletal muscle relaxation. dried passion flower (genus passiflora) is reported to reduce insomnia and hysteria. skullcap (genus scutellaria), hops (humulus lupulus), lemon balm (melissa offic ...200919865069
in vitro evaluation of antibacterial, anticollagenase, and antioxidant activities of hop components (humulus lupulus) addressing acne vulgaris.seven naturally derived components from hop plant (humulus lupulus l.) extracts were tested for evaluation of biological activities affecting acne vulgaris. five strains, propionibacterium acnes, staphylococcus epidermidis, staphylococcus aureus, kocuria rhizophila and, staphylococcus pyogenes, were selected as the main acne-causing bacteria. hop extracts xanthohumol and the lupulones showed strong inhibitory activities against all of the strains. although hydrogenated derivatives did not show t ...200919201179
effects of powdery mildew fungicide programs on twospotted spider mite (acari: tetranychidae), hop aphid (hemiptera: aphididae), and their natural enemies in hop yards.twospotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae koch (acari: tetranychidae), and hop aphid, phorodon humuli (schrank) (hemiptera: aphididae), are the most important arthropod pests of hop (humulus lupulus l.) in the northern hemisphere. a potential barrier for greater adoption of conservation biological control strategies for spider mites and hop aphid is the extensive use of fungicides for management of hop powdery mildew, podosphaera macularis (wallr.:fr.) u. braun & s. takamatsu. field studies co ...200919253646
hop proanthocyanidins induce apoptosis, protein carbonylation, and cytoskeleton disorganization in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells via reactive oxygen species.proanthocyanidins (pcs) have been shown to suppress the growth of diverse human cancer cells and are considered as promising additions to the arsenal of chemopreventive phytochemicals. an oligomeric mixture of pcs from hops (humulus lupulus) significantly decreased cell viability of human colon cancer ht-29 cells in a dose-dependent manner. hop pcs, at 50 or 100 microg/ml, exhibited apoptosis-inducing properties as shown by the increase in caspase-3 activity. increased levels of intracellular re ...200919271284
responses of plasma acetate metabolism to hop (humulus lupulus l.) in sheep.an isotope dilution method using [1-(13)c]sodium (na) acetate was conducted to determine the effect of feeding hop (humulus lupulus l.) residues on plasma acetate metabolism in six adult crossbred sheep. the sheep were fed 63 g/kg bw(0.75)/d of either mixed hay (mh-diet) of orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) and reed canarygrass (phalaris arundinacea l.) at a 60:40 ratio or mh-diet and hop-residues (hop-diet) at 85:15 ratio with a crossover design for each of 3 week period. the isotope dilutio ...200919365576
hop (humulus lupulus)-derived bitter acids as multipotent bioactive compounds.hop acids, a family of bitter compounds derived from the hop plant (humulus lupulus), have been reported to exert a wide range of effects, both in vitro and in vivo. they exhibit potential anticancer activity by inhibiting cell proliferation and angiogenesis, by inducing apoptosis, and by increasing the expression of cytochrome p450 detoxification enzymes. furthermore, hop bitter acids are effective against inflammatory and metabolic disorders, which makes them challenging candidates for the tre ...200919476340
experimental evidence of the anaphrodisiac activity of humulus lupulus l. in naïve male rats.in the folk medicine humulus lupulus l. (hops) is mainly recommended as a mild sedative with antispasmodic and digestive properties. it is also reputed to exert an anaphrodisiac effect but it is still lacking the experimental evidence of this activity.200919560531
xanthohumol from hop (humulus lupulus l.) is an efficient inhibitor of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha release in lps-stimulated raw 264.7 mouse macrophages and u937 human monocytes.activated macrophages in adipose tissue play a major role in the chronic inflammatory process that has been linked to the complications of overweight and obesity. the hop plant (humulus lupulus l.) has been described to possess both anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects. in the present study, the chemical composition of a hop crude extract (hce) was investigated by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (uhplc). next, hce and various fractions obtained by preparative hplc were tested f ...200919634869
oestrogenicity of prenylflavonoids from hops: activation of pro-oestrogens by intestinal bacteria.for many centuries, hops (humulus lupulus l.) have been used as essential ingredient in beers, providing the typical bitterness and hoppy flavour. however, the last few years the plant has gained increasing attention as a source of prenylflavonoids and in 1999, 8-prenylnaringenin (8-pn) was identified as the most potent phyto-oestrogen known so far. hop extracts are therefore now marketed to reduce menopausal complaints. however, 8-pn concentrations in hops are very low, and variable efficiency ...200923765740
antioxidant effects of xanthohumol and functional impact on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.therapeutic effects of dietary flavonoids have been attributed mainly to their antioxidant capacity. xanthohumol (1), a prominent flavonoid of the hop plant, humulus lupulus, was investigated for its antioxidant potential and for its effect on nf-kappab activation. to examine the biological relevance of 1, a hepatic ischemia/reperfusion model was chosen as a widely accepted model of oxidative stress generation. the impact of 1 on endogenous antioxidant systems, on the nf-kappab signal transducti ...200919757857
[experience in treating digestive organ diseases with medicinal plants].results are reported of treatment of chronic hyposecretory gastritis, chronic hepatocholecystitis and angiocholitis by a herbal complex. the herbal composition included achillea millefolium, urtica dioica, cichorium (aboveground part), polygonum, matricaria chamomilla (flowers), helichrysum arenarium, calendula (flowers), corn stigmas, humulus lupulus (racemes) in proportion 3:3:1:1:2:1:1:2:1 respectively. the herbal decoction is to be taken 3 times daily before meals. diet n 5 (pevzner scheme) ...20092750130
hop and acacia phytochemicals decreased lipotoxicity in 3t3-l1 adipocytes, db/db mice, and individuals with metabolic syndrome.the plant-based compounds rho-iso-alpha acids (riaa) from humulus lupulus (hops) and proanthocyanidins (pac) from acacia nilotica have been shown to modulate insulin signaling in vitro. we investigated their effects on triglyceride (tg) deposition in 3t3-l1 adipocytes, glucose and insulin in obese mouse models, and metabolic syndrome markers in adults with metabolic syndrome. the combination of riaa and pac synergistically increased tg content and adiponectin secretion in 3t3-l1 adipocytes under ...201020721358
involvement of vacuolar sequestration and active transport in tolerance of saccharomyces cerevisiae to hop iso-alpha-acids.the hop plant, humulus lupulus l., has an exceptionally high content of secondary metabolites, the hop alpha-acids, which possess a range of beneficial properties, including antiseptic action. studies performed on the mode of action of hop iso-alpha-acids have hitherto been restricted to lactic acid bacteria. the present study investigated molecular mechanisms of hop iso-alpha-acid resistance in the model eukaryote saccharomyces cerevisiae. growth inhibition occurred at concentrations of hop iso ...201019915041
the prenylflavonoid phytoestrogens 8-prenylnaringenin and isoxanthohumol diferentially suppress steroidogenesis in rat leydig cells in ontogenesis.8-prenylnaringenin and isoxanthohumol are prenylflavonoids found in the hop plant, humulus lupulus (cannabaceae), which is traditionally used to add bitterness and flavor to beer. flavonoids have previously been reported to exert endocrine disrupting actions. therefore, we investigated the effects of 8-prenylnaringenin and isoxanthohumol on steroidogenesis activated by human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) in primary cultures of rat leydig cells at different stages of their development. the present ...201021061451
crystal structure and substrate specificity of plant adenylate isopentenyltransferase from humulus lupulus: distinctive binding affinity for purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.cytokinins are important plant hormones, and their biosynthesis most begins with the transfer of isopentenyl group from dimethylallyl diphosphate (dmapp) to the n6-amino group of adenine by either adenylate isopentenyltransferase (aipt) or trna-ipt. plant aipts use atp/adp as an isopentenyl acceptor and bacterial aipts prefer amp, whereas trna-ipts act on specific sites of trna. here, we present the crystal structure of an aipt-atp complex from humulus lupulus (hlaipt), which is similar to the p ...201020007608
cloning and molecular analysis of hlbzip1 and hlbzip2 transcription factors putatively involved in the regulation of the lupulin metabolome in hop (humulus lupulus l.).hop (humulus lupulus l.), the essential source of beer flavor is of interest from a medicinal perspective in view of its high content in health-beneficial terpenophenolics including prenylflavonoids. the dissection of biosynthetic pathway(s) of these compounds in lupulin glands, as well as its regulation by transcription factors (tfs), is important for efficient biotechnological manipulation of the hop metabolome. tfs of the bzip class were preselected from the hop transcriptome using a cdna-afl ...201020028133
8-prenylnaringenin is an inhibitor of multidrug resistance-associated transporters, p-glycoprotein and mrp1.flavonoids with hydrophobic e.g. prenyl substituents might constitute the promising candidates for multidrug resistance (mdr) reversal agents. the interaction of 8-prenylnaringenin (8-isopentenylnaringenin), a potent phytoestrogen isolated from common hop (humulus lupulus), with two multidrug resistance-associated abc transporters of cancer cells, p-glycoprotein and mrp1, has been studied for the first time. functional test based on the transport of fluorescent substrate bcecf revealed that the ...201020633549
anti-inflammatory activity of xanthohumol involves heme oxygenase-1 induction via nrf2-are signaling in microglial bv2 cells.xanthohumol (2',4',4-trihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3'-prenylchalcone) is a major chalcone derivative isolated from hop (humulus lupulus l.) commonly used in brewing due to its bitter flavors. xanthohumol has anti-carcinogenic, free radical-scavenging, and anti-inflammatory activities, but its precise mechanisms are not clarified yet. the basic leucine zipper (bzip) protein nrf2 is a key transcription factor mediating the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses in animals. therefore, we tested whethe ...201021093515
screening natural products for inhibitors of quinone reductase-2 using ultrafiltration lc-ms.inhibitors of quinone reductase-2 (nqo2; qr-2) can have antimalarial activity and antitumor activities or can function as chemoprevention agents by preventing the metabolic activation of toxic quinones such as menadione. to expedite the search for new natural product inhibitors of qr-2, we developed a screening assay based on ultrafiltration liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry that is compatible with complex samples such as bacterial or botanical extracts. human qr-2 was prepared recombinant ...201021192729
in vitro growth-inhibitory effect of plant-derived extracts and compounds against paenibacillus larvae and their acute oral toxicity to adult honey bees.in total, 26 natural compounds of various chemical classes (flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids) and 19 crude extracts from selected plants were tested in vitro for antibacterial activity against three strains of p. larvae, the causal agent of american foulbrood disease of honey bees (afb) by the broth microdilution method. among the individual substances, sanguinarine (mic 4 microg/ml), followed by thymoquinone, capsaicin, trans-2-hexenal and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (mic 4-32 microg/ml) possess ...201020409652
effects of hops (humulus lupulus l.) extract on volatile fatty acid production by rumen bacteria.to determine the effects of hops extract on in vitro volatile fatty acid (vfa) production by bovine rumen micro-organisms.201020456526
antidiabetic screening of commercial botanical products in 3t3-l1 adipocytes and db/db mice.numerous botanicals are purported to improve glucose metabolism and diabetic risk factors with varying degrees of supportive evidence. we investigated 203 commercially available botanical products representing 90 unique botanical species for effects on lipogenic activity in differentiating 3t3-l1 adipocytes. anti-inflammatory activity of 21 of these products was further assessed in tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnfalpha)-stimulated, mature 3t3-l1 adipocytes. from these results, rho-isoalpha acids ...201020521979
medicinal plants as alternative treatments for female sexual dysfunction: utopian vision or possible treatment in climacteric women?female sexual dysfunction (fsd) is a complex and multifactorial condition. an increased incidence of fsd is especially associated with the decline of estrogen. thus, menopause is a critical phase for fsd complaints. in this context, medicinal plants may be a therapeutic option.201020722793
increased sexual motivation in female rats treated with humulus lupulus l. extract.to evaluate the influence of humulus lupulus extract on sexual behavior in female rats.201121211556
the extract from hop cones (humulus lupulus) as a modulator of oxidative stress in blood platelets.the plant humulus lupulus is known as the raw material of the brewing industry. hop cones, rich in polyphenolic compounds and acyl phloroglucides, are widely used to preserve beer and to give it a characteristic aroma and flavor. hop cones have long been used for medicinal purposes. in particular, hop preparations were mainly recommended for the treatment of sleeping disorders. the antioxidative action of hop cones, however, is poorly understood. the aim of our present study was to investigate i ...201121351847
effect of ensiled hop (humulus lupulus l.) residues on plasma acetate turnover rate in sheep.an isotope dilution method using [1-(13) c]sodium acetate was applied to determine the effect of feeding ensiled hop (humulus lupulus l.) residues on plasma acetate turnover rate in six adult crossbred sheep. the sheep were fed 63 g/kg body weight (bw)(0.75) /day of either mixed hay of orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l.) and reed canarygrass (phalaris arundinacea l.) and round bale silage at 3:1 ratio (hay-diet), or another where round bale silage was replaced by ensiled hop residues (hop-diet) ...201121615839
[effects of ethanol extracts of herbal medicines on dermatitis in an atopic dermatitis mouse model].atopic dermatitis is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory skin disease that is characterized by highly pruritic, eczematous skin lesions. our previous study elucidated that nerve growth factor (ngf) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of skin lesions and inhibition of the physiological effects of ngf can moderate skin lesions in atopic dermatitis. in this study, we investigated the effects of ethanol extracts of herbal medicines on neuritic outgrowth induced by ngf. four herbal extracts ...201121467798
chicken intestine microbiota following the administration of lupulone, a hop-based antimicrobial.the use of antibiotic growth promotants in poultry rearing is a public health concern due to antibiotic resistance in bacteria and the harborage of resistance genes. lupulone, a hop β-acid from humulus lupulus, has been considered as a potential feed additive growth promotant. here, the effect of lupulone was evaluated for its effect on the microbiota of the chicken intestine. the intestinal microbiota of broilers was quantified after the addition of 125 mg l(-1) lupulone to water and challenge ...201121517917
hop bitter acids exhibit anti-fibrogenic effects on hepatic stellate cells in vitro.female inflorescences of the hop plant humulus lupulus l. contain a variety of secondary metabolites with bitter acids (ba) as quantitatively dominating secondary metabolites. the use of hops in beer brewing has a long history due to the antibacterial effects of the ba and their typical bitter taste. furthermore, hop cones are used in traditional medicine and for pharmaceutical purposes. recent studies indicate that ba may affect activity of the transcription factor nfκb. nfκb plays a key role i ...201122146696
production of monoclonal antibodies against hop-derived (humulus lupulus l.) prenylflavonoids and the development of immunoassays.monoclonal antibodies against the hop-derived prenylated chalcone xanthohumol (x) and the prenylated flavonoids isoxanthohumol (ix) and 8-prenylnaringenin (8-pn) were developed. carboxylic acid haptens of x, ix and 8-pn were synthesized by linking a spacer to their c4'-oh group followed by subsequent coupling to bovine serum albumin (bsa) to form conjugates that were employed as immunogens in balb/c mice to raise antibodies. the monoclonal antibodies that were secreted from the established hybri ...201121645689
hops (humulus lupulus) inhibits oxidative estrogen metabolism and estrogen-induced malignant transformation in human mammary epithelial cells (mcf-10a).long-term exposure to estrogens including those in traditional hormone replacement therapy (hrt) increases the risk of developing hormone-dependent cancers. as a result, women are turning to over-the-counter (otc) botanical dietary supplements, such as black cohosh (cimicifuga racemosa) and hops (humulus lupulus), as natural alternatives to hrt. the two major mechanisms which likely contribute to estrogen and/or hrt cancer risk are: the estrogen receptor-mediated hormonal pathway; and the chemic ...201121997247
anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor-promoting effects of 5-deprenyllupulonol c and other compounds from hop (humulus lupulus l.).a new phloroglucinol derivative, 5-deprenyllupulonol c (1), along with four other phloroglucinol derivatives, 2-5, five chalcones, 6-10, four flavanones, 11-14, two flavonol glycosides, 15 and 16, and five triterpenoids, 17-21, were isolated from the female inflorescence pellet extracts of hop (humulus lupulus l.). upon evaluation of these compounds against the epstein-barr virus early antigen (ebv-ea) activation induced by 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (tpa) in raji cells, twelve compoun ...201222700224
method development and validation for ultra-high-pressure lc/ms/ms determination of hop prenylflavonoids in human serum.hops (humulus lupulus l.) are used in the brewing of beer, and hop extracts containing prenylated compounds, such as xanthohumol (xn) and 8-prenylnaringenin (8-pn), are under investigation as dietary supplements for cancer chemoprevention and the management of hot flashes in menopausal women. to facilitate clinical studies of hop safety and efficacy, a selective, sensitive, and fast ultra-high-pressure lc (uhplc) tandem ms method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of ...201223451393
isoprene synthase genes form a monophyletic clade of acyclic terpene synthases in the tps-b terpene synthase family.many plants emit significant amounts of isoprene, which is hypothesized to help leaves tolerate short episodes of high temperature. isoprene emission is found in all major groups of land plants including mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms; however, within these groups isoprene emission is variable. the patchy distribution of isoprene emission implies an evolutionary pattern characterized by many origins or many losses. to better understand the evolution of isoprene emission, we examine ...201223550753
the effects of beta acids from hops (humulus lupulus) on mortality of varroa destructor (acari: varroidae).hop (humulus lupulus l.) beta acids (hba) were tested for miticidal effects on varroa destructor anderson and trueman, a parasitic mite of the honey bee (apis mellifera l.). when varroa were placed on bees that had topical applications of 1 % hba, there was 100 % mite mortality. bee mortality was unaffected. cardboard strips saturated with hba and placed in colonies resulted in mite drop that was significantly greater than in untreated hives. hba was detected on about 60 % of the bees in colonie ...201222767150
Flavonoid production in transgenic hop (Humulus lupulus L.) altered by PAP1/MYB75 from Arabidopsis thaliana L.Hop is an important source of secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids. Some of these are pharmacologically active. Nevertheless, the concentration of some classes as flavonoids in wild-type plants is rather low. To enhance the production in hop, it would be interesting to modify the regulation of genes in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. For this purpose, the regulatory factor PAP1/AtMYB75 from Arabidopsis thaliana L. was introduced into hop plants cv. Tettnanger by Agrobacterium-mediated g ...201221912858
evaluation of the effect of humulus lupulus alcoholic extract on rifampin-sensitive and resistant isolates of mycobacterium tuberculosis.the increasing incidence of multi drug resistance tuberculosis (mdr-tb) and extensively drug resistance tb (xdr-tb) worldwide highlight the urgent need to search for newer anti-tuberculosis compounds. it has been determined that pharmaceutical plant, hops (humulus lupulus), possesses some antibacterial effect. in this study, the antimycobacterial effect of this plant on rifampin sensitive and resistant strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis were examined. sensitivity and resistance of 37 iranian ...201223248674
nonvolatile chemical cues affect host-plant ranking by gravid polygonia c-album females.in a multiple-choice test, the preference of egg-laying polygonia c-album (comma butterfly) females was studied for oviposition on plants bearing surrogate leaves treated with crude methanol extracts obtained from leaves of seven host-plant species: humulus lupulus, urtica dioica, ulmus glabra, salix caprea, ribes nigrum, corylus avellana, and betula pubescens. the ranking order of surrogate leaves treated with host-plant extracts corresponded well to that reported on natural foliage, except r. ...201222486046
the sedative effects of hops (humulus lupulus), a component of beer, on the activity/rest rhythm.the hop (humulus lupulus), a component of beer, is a sedative plant whose pharmacological activity is due principally to its bitter resins, especially to the α-acid component 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol. the mechanism of action of the resin of hop consists of increasing the activity of the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric (gaba), inhibiting the central nervous system (cns).201222849837
[effect of plant extracts on cytotoxic activity of vibrio cholerae hemolysin].study of plant extracts that have the ability to neutralize cytotoxic activity of hemolysin.201324341209
effects of extracts of humulus lupulus (hops) and yucca schidigera applied alone or in combination with monensin on rumen fermentation and microbial populations in vitro.β-acids in hops (humulus lupulus) and saponins in yucca (yucca schidigera) have been found to possess antimicrobial properties similar to that of monensin and could be an alternative to in-feed antibiotics. the effects of monensin (mon) and ethanol extracts of hops (he) and y. schidigera (ye) alone and in combination with mon were assessed on ruminal microbial composition and fermentation in vitro of a barley-based diet.201323483574
characterization of the formation of branched short-chain fatty acid:coas for bitter acid biosynthesis in hop glandular trichomes.bitter acids, known for their use as beer flavoring and for their diverse biological activities, are predominantly formed in hop (humulus lupulus) glandular trichomes. branched short-chain acyl-coas (e.g. isobutyryl-coa, isovaleryl-coa and 2-methylbutyryl-coa), derived from the degradation of branched-chain amino acids (bcaas), are essential building blocks for the biosynthesis of bitter acids in hops. however, little is known regarding what components are needed to produce and maintain the pool ...201323300257
effects of hop varieties on ruminal fermentation and bacterial community in an artificial rumen (rusitec).there is a growing interest in the use of hops (humulus lupulus) as an alternative to antibiotics to manipulate ruminal fermentation. however, the effects of different hop varieties on ruminal fermentation and bacterial populations have not been studied. here the effects of three hop varieties, cascade (cas), millennium (mil) and teamaker (tm), at a level of 800 µg ml(-1) inoculum on ruminal fermentation and microbial populations in an artificial rumen system (rusitec) fed a barley silage-based ...201322692875
a preliminary investigation of anticholinesterase activity of some iranian medicinal plants commonly used in traditional medicine.the aim of this study was to evaluate acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of some commonly used herbal medicine in iran to introduce a new source for management of alzheimer's disease. a total of 18 aqueous-methanolic extract (1:1; v/v) from the following plants: brassica alba, brassica nigra, camellia sinensis, cinchona officinalis, citrus aurantifolia, citrus x aurantium, ferula assafoetida, humulus lupulus, juglans regia, juniperus sabina, myristica fragrans, pelargonium graveolens, pist ...201424401532
inhibition of fructan-fermenting equine faecal bacteria and streptococcus bovis by hops (humulus lupulus l.) β-acid.the goals of this study were to determine if β-acid from hops (humulus lupulus l.) could be used to control fructan fermentation by equine hindgut micro-organisms, and to verify the antimicrobial mode of action on streptococcus bovis, which has been implicated in fructan fermentation, hindgut acidosis and pasture-associated laminitis (pal) in the horse.201424775300
influence of two hop (humulus lupulus l.) varieties on in vitro dry matter and crude protein degradability and digestibility in ruminants.hop cones contain several antimicrobial substances. the aim of the study was to determine the effects of two hop varieties, aurora and dana, on substrate (diet for a dairy cow, producing 30 kg milk daily) in vitro dry matter (dm) and crude protein (cp) degradability and digestibility.201424105876
behavioral and electroantennogram responses of plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar, to selected noxious plant extracts and insecticides.behavioral and electroantennogram responses of plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar (herbst) (coleoptera: curculionidae), adults were tested for several methanolic plant extracts and organically approved insecticides. plant extracts were evaluated for their potential as antifeedants or oviposition deterrents. these extract responses were also compared to those elicited by the non-neurotoxic, organic irritant-insecticide kaolin clay. both sexes of plum curculio exhibited antennal response as mea ...201425368046
in vitro gas production kinetics and short-chain fatty acid production from rumen incubation of diets supplemented with hop cones (humulus lupulus l.).the aim of this study was to assess the effects of hop cones (humulus lupulus l.) from two varieties aurora and dana, differing in their α- and β-acid contents, on rumen microbial activity measured with in vitro gas production kinetics and short-chain fatty acids (scfa) production. hop cones were added to the total mixed dairy cow ration (cont) in concentrations simulating a cow's daily intake of 50, 100 and 200 g of hop cones - the concentrations of hop cones expressed on a substrate basis were ...201525475691
a heteromeric membrane-bound prenyltransferase complex from hop catalyzes three sequential aromatic prenylations in the bitter acid pathway.bitter acids (α and β types) account for more than 30% of the fresh weight of hop (humulus lupulus) glandular trichomes and are well known for their contribution to the bitter taste of beer. these multiprenylated chemicals also show diverse biological activities, some of which have potential benefits to human health. the bitter acid biosynthetic pathway has been investigated extensively, and the genes for the early steps of bitter acid synthesis have been cloned and functionally characterized. h ...201525564559
insect antifeedant potential of xanthohumol, isoxanthohumol, and their derivatives.xanthohumol (14) and isoxanthohumol (6) derived from hop (humulus lupulus l., cannabaceae) and selected chalcone and chromene derivatives, obtained by chemical synthesis, were studied for antifeedant activity against the peach-potato aphid (myzus persicae [sulz.]). the study used also commercially available 4-chromanone (1), flavanone (4), naringenin (5), chromone (7), flavone (8), 7-aminoflavone (9), trans-chalcone (10), and 4-methoxychalcone (12). for chromone derivatives it was observed that ...201526176501
in vitro growth-inhibitory effect of ethanol gras plant and supercritical co₂ hop extracts on planktonic cultures of oral pathogenic microorganisms.conventional chemical antiseptics used for treatment of oral infections often produce side-effects, which restrict their long-term use. plants are considered as perspective sources of novel natural antiseptics. however, little is still known about their inhibitory properties against oral pathogens. the objective of this study was to test in vitro antimicrobial activities of generally recognized as safe (gras) species against planktonic cultures of cariogenic, periodontal and candidal microorgani ...201526232134
molecular mechanisms behind the antimicrobial activity of hop iso-α-acids in lactobacillus brevis.the main bittering component in beer, hop iso-α-acids, have been characterised as weak acids, which act as ionophores impairing microbial cells' function under acidic conditions as present in beer. besides medium ph, divalent cations play a central role regarding the efficacy of the antimicrobial effect. the iso-α-acids' non-bitter derivatives humulinic acids can be found in isomerised hop extracts and can be generated during hop storage. therefore, they have been under investigation concerning ...201525475328
detection of acid and hop shock induced responses in beer spoiling lactobacillus brevis by maldi-tof ms.due to the harsh environment, microorganisms encounter in beer, spoilage bacteria must be able to customise their metabolism and physiology in an order to master various kinds of perturbations. proteomic approaches have been used to examine differences between various beer spoilage bacteria and between different stress conditions, such as acid and hop (humulus lupulus) stress. however, these investigations cannot detect changes in low molecular weight (lmw) proteins (<150 amino acids). therefore ...201525475321
empirical prediction and validation of antibacterial inhibitory effects of various plant essential oils on common pathogenic bacteria.in this study, fractional compound composition, antioxidant capacity, and phenolic substance content of 14 plant essential oils-anise (pimpinella anisum), bay leaves (laurus nobilis), cinnamon bark (cinnamomum verum), clove (eugenia caryophyllata), fennel (foeniculum vulgare), hop (humulus lupulus), istanbul oregano (origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum), izmir oregano (origanum onites), mint (mentha piperita), myrtus (myrtus communis), orange peel (citrus sinensis), sage (salvia officinalis), thyme ( ...201525764982
separation of isomeric short-chain acyl-coas in plant matrices using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.acyl coenzyme a (acyl-coa) thioesters are important intermediates in cellular metabolism and being able to distinguish among them is critical to fully understanding metabolic pathways in plants. although significant advances have been made in the identification and quantification of acyl-coas using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms), separation of isomeric species such as isobutyryl- and n-butyrl-coa has remained elusive. here we report an ultra-performance liquid chromato ...201525553535
contact dermatitis as an adverse reaction to some topically used european herbal medicinal products - part 2: echinacea purpurea-lavandula angustifolia.this review focuses on contact dermatitis as an adverse effect of a selection of topically used herbal medicinal products for which the european medicines agency has completed an evaluation up to the end of november 2013 and for which a community herbal monograph has been produced. part 2: echinacea purpurea moench-lavandula angustifolia mill.201525600644
botanicals and their bioactive phytochemicals for women's health.botanical dietary supplements are increasingly popular for women's health, particularly for older women. the specific botanicals women take vary as a function of age. younger women will use botanicals for urinary tract infections, especially vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry), where there is evidence for efficacy. botanical dietary supplements for premenstrual syndrome (pms) are less commonly used, and rigorous clinical trials have not been done. some examples include vitex agnus-castus (chastebe ...201627677719
the complete chloroplast genomes of cannabis sativa and humulus lupulus.cannabis and humulus are sister genera comprising the entirety of the cannabaceae sensu stricto, including c. sativa l. (marijuana, hemp), and h. lupulus l. (hops) as two economically important crops. these two plants have been used by humans for many purposes including as a fiber, food, medicine, or inebriant in the case of c. sativa, and as a flavoring component in beer brewing in the case of h. lupulus. in this study, we report the complete chloroplast genomes for two distinct hemp varieties ...201626329384
antimicrobial activity of xanthohumol and its selected structural analogues.the objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of structural analogues of xanthohumol 1, a flavonoid compound found in hops (humulus lupulus). the agar-diffusion method using filter paper disks was applied. biological tests performed for selected strains of gram-positive (staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (escherichia coli) bacteria, fungi (alternaria sp.), and yeasts (rhodotorula rubra, candida albicans) revealed that compounds with at least one hydroxyl group-all ...201627187329
biosynthesis of phlorisovalerophenone and 4-hydroxy-6-isobutyl-2-pyrone in escherichia coli from glucose.type iii polyketide synthases (pkss) contribute to the synthesis of many economically important natural products, which are typically produced by direct extraction from plants or synthesized chemically. for example, humulone and lupulone (fig. 1a) in hops (humulus lupulus) account for the characteristic bitter taste of beer and display multiple pharmacological effects. 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyrone is a precursor of parasorboside contributing to insect and disease resistance of plant gerbera hybri ...201627577056
identification and characterization of micrornas in humulus lupulus using high-throughput sequencing and their response to citrus bark cracking viroid (cbcvd) infection.hop (humulus lupulus l.) plants are grown primarily for the brewing industry and have been used as a traditional medicinal herb for a long time. severe hop stunt disease caused by the recently discovered citrus bark cracking viroid (cbcvd) is one of the most devastating diseases among other viroid infections in hop. micrornas (mirnas) are a class of non-coding small rnas that play important roles in gene expression regulation. to identify mirnas in hop and their response to cbcvd-infection, two ...201627846797
dose-dependent protective and inductive effects
of xanthohumol on oxidative dna damage in
saccharomyces cerevisiae.the effect of xanthohumol, a prenylflavonoid isolated from the hop plant (humulus lupulus l.), on saccharomyces cerevisiae dna oxidative damage and viability was evaluated. yeast cultures under oxidative stress, induced by h2o2, displayed stronger growth in the presence of 5 mg/l of xanthohumol than cultures with only h2o2. likewise, dna damage assessed by the comet assay was significantly lower in cells co-incubated with xanthohumol and h2o2. accordingly, fluorescence of dichlorofluorescein in ...201627904394
degradation of spent craft brewer's yeast by caprine rumen hyper ammonia-producing bacteria.spent yeast from craft beers often includes more hops (humulus lupulus l.) secondary metabolites than traditional recipes. these compounds include α- and β- acids, which are antimicrobial to the rumen hyper ammonia-producing bacteria (hab) that are major contributors to amino acid degradation. the objective was to determine if the hops acids in spent craft brewer's yeast (cy; ~ 3·5 mg g(-1) hops acids) would protect it from degradation by caprine rumen bacteria and hab when compared to a baker's ...201627471059
evaluation of a 13-loci str multiplex system for cannabis sativa genetic identification.marijuana (cannabis sativa) is the most commonly used illicit substance in the usa. the development of a validated method using cannabis short tandem repeats (strs) could aid in the individualization of samples as well as serve as an intelligence tool to link multiple cases. for this purpose, a modified 13-loci str multiplex method was optimized and evaluated according to isfg and swgdam guidelines. a real-time pcr quantification method for c. sativa was developed and validated, and a sequenced ...201626661945
identification of cannabis sativa l. using the 1-kbthca synthase-fluorescence in situ hybridization probe.this study reports a successful application of fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) technique in the identification of cannabis sativa l. cells recovered from fresh and dried powdered plant materials. two biotin-16-dutp-labeled fish probes were designed from the cannabis-specific tetrahydrocannabinolic acid synthase (thcas) gene and the its region of the 45s rrna gene. specificity of probe-target hybridization was tested against the target and 4 non-target plant species, i.e., humulus lupul ...201728284435
effect of drive row ground covers on hop (rosales: cannabaceae) yard arthropod pests in vermont, usa.alternatives to pesticides are necessary for the management of hop (humulus lupulus l.) arthropod pests. the three major arthropod pests in northeastern us hop production include two-spotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae koch, hop aphid phorodon humuli (schrank), and potato leafhopper, empoasca fabae harris. this 3-yr study (2012-2014) in vermont investigated the effect of flowering ground covers on arthropod pest abundance. hop cultivars 'nugget' and 'cascade' were evaluated under a strip-sp ...201728334066
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