Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| coaction of blue light and light absorbed by phytochrome in control of glutamine synthetase gene expression in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings. | the level of plastidic glutamine synthetase (gs; ec 6.3.1.2) in the cotyledonary whorl of the scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedling was previously reported to be regulated by light. in the present paper we report on the control by light of the gs transcript level. a full-length gs cdna clone of scots pine was isolated (pgs1), sequenced and employed to measure gs transcript levels. using dichromatic light treatments it was found that the transcript level is regulated by phytochrome. the stron ... | 1994 | 7506600 |
| molecular characterization of a novel, nuclear-encoded, nad(+)-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in plastids of the gymnosperm pinus sylvestris l. | angiosperms and algae possess two distinct glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) enzymes, an nad(+)-dependent tetramer involved in cytosolic glycolysis and an nadp(+)-dependent enzyme of the calvin cycle in chloroplasts. we have found that the gymnosperm pinus sylvestris possesses, in addition to these, a nuclear-encoded, plastid-specific, nad(+)-dependent gapdh, designated gapcp, which has not previously been described from any plant. several independent full-size cdnas for this enzy ... | 1994 | 7811973 |
| [the cytogenetic effect in the cells of the needles of the common pine from irradiation resulting from the accident at the chernobyl atomic power station]. | the consequences of pinus sylvestris irradiation were studied since 1987-1990. the chromosome aberrations in needle cells and morphological changes are annually observed at the same level, that confirms the continuous character of mutagenesis and morphogenesis. it is concluded that the big pool of damages is caused by radiation, one part of them is realized in chromosome aberration during the first vegetation after irradiation. the other part of them is transferred by division during the initial ... | 1994 | 7827685 |
| histological changes in pinus sylvestris l. in the proximal-zone around the chernobyl power plant. | in september 1990, samples of wood and bark were collected from pinus sylvestris l. at three locations exposed to different levels of radioactive fallout from the 1986 accident at the chemobyl nuclear power plant (npp). cross-sections of wood from the most exposed location showed a distinct change in histology in the annual ring of 1986, a consequence of the accident on 26 april. the width of annual rings decreased after the accident, and the relative width of latewood in annual rings increased ... | 1994 | 7839122 |
| characterization of cdnas corresponding to two lhca4 alleles from scots pine (pinus sylvestris). | 1994 | 7846172 | |
| characterization of a lhcb5 cdna from scots pine (pinus sylvestris). | 1994 | 7846173 | |
| construction of genetic maps for some eurasian coniferous species using allozyme genes. | in an analysis of allozyme genes in three pine and one spruce species distributed in eurasia, 45 of 87 loci were mapped. four linkage groups in pinus sylvestris and picea abies, three in pinus pallasiana, and two in pinus pumila were determined. the order and the locations of homologous genes in the linkage groups in the different species were similar. the data suggest that during the separate development of the pinus and picea genera that has lasted for millions of years, there was not any larg ... | 1994 | 7993376 |
| [segregation disturbance in chronically irradiated populations of pinus sylvestris l. growing in the area of the chernobyl nuclear power plant accident]. | segregation of polymorphic diallelic loci, which encode isozyme synthesis in seed endosperms of pinus sylvestris l. trees exposed to various levels of radiation after chernobyl' meltdown, was studied. it was shown that directional gametic selection, expressed as segregation distortion in heterozygotes, is observed in irradiated populations for a number of loci. the detected selection has one-locus character and distinctly influences the gene pool of the next generation. | 1994 | 8188039 |
| isolation and purification of mitochondrial mn-superoxide dismutase from the gymnosperm pinus sylvestris l. | manganese superoxide dismutase (mn-sod; ec 1.15.1.1) was purified from germinating seeds of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) 3 days after the start of imbibition. the purification schedule included (nh4)2so4 fractionation, anion-exchange and hydrophobic-interaction chromatographies and chromatofocusing. purified mn-sod had an apparent specific activity of 4,130 mccord-fridovich units (mg protein)-1. the molecular mass of the holoenzyme was estimated to be 91 kda by size-exclusion chromatography, ... | 1994 | 7981961 |
| pinus sylvestris l. needles contain extracellular cuzn superoxide dismutase. | four new isoforms of superoxide dismutase (sod; superoxide: superoxide oxidoreductase, ec 1.15.1.1.) were identified in extracellular washing fluid from scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) needles. the isoforms had an apparent molecular mass of 33 kda. no neutral carbohydrates were present in the enzymes. the enzymatic activities were inhibited by 3 mm nacn. one of the putative extracellular sod isoforms was purified and nh2-terminal-sequenced. the sequence contained the domain kavavl. the domains ... | 1994 | 7764316 |
| relationship of aluminium and calcium to net co2 exchange among diverse scots pine provenances under pollution stress in poland. | light-saturated net photosynthesis (asat), dark respiration (rd), and foliar nutrient content of eight european scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) provenances were measured at experimental sites in western poland. two-year-old seedlings were planted in 1984 at two sites with similar soils in areas of contrasting air pollution. one site was near a point source of so2 and other pollutants, and another 12 km to the southeast in an area free of acute air pollution was treated as a control. the eight p ... | 1994 | 28313592 |
| effects of acid rain on growth and nutrient concentrations in scots pine and norway spruce seedlings grown in a nutrient-rich soil. | the effects of artificially applied acid precipitation on growth and nutrient concentrations of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and norway spruce (picea abies [l.] karst.) seedlings were investigated in a long-term acid irrigation experiment in field conditions. seedlings of northern and southern origin were planted in boxes containing peat and composted soil rich in nutrients, and sprinkler irrigated with water acidified with nitric and sulphuric acids to ph 3 or ph 4 for periods varying from ... | 1995 | 15091531 |
| expression of ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase in dark-grown pine seedlings. | pine seedlings are able to accumulate chlorophylls and develop green plastids in a light-independent manner. in this work, we have characterized ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase (ec 1.4.7.1; fd-gogat), a key enzyme in nitrogen interconversion during this process. fd-gogat has been purified about 170-fold from cotyledons of maritime pine (pinus pinaster). as occurs in angiosperms, the native enzyme is a single polypeptide with an apparent molecular mass of 163-168 kda that is confined to t ... | 1995 | 7865781 |
| polymorphic simple sequence repeat regions in chloroplast genomes: applications to the population genetics of pines. | simple sequence repeats (ssrs), consisting of tandemly repeated multiple copies of mono-, di-, tri-, or tetranucleotide motifs, are ubiquitous in eukaryotic genomes and are frequently used as genetic markers, taking advantage of their length polymorphism. we have examined the polymorphism of such sequences in the chloroplast genomes of plants, by using a pcr-based assay. genbank searches identified the presence of several (da)n.(dt)n mononucleotide stretches in chloroplast genomes. a chloroplast ... | 1995 | 7644491 |
| molecular and enzymatic characterization of two stilbene synthases from eastern white pine (pinus strobus). a single arg/his difference determines the activity and the ph dependence of the enzymes. | pinus strobus (eastern white pine) contains stilbenes biosynthetically derived from cinnamoyl-coa (pinosylvin) or dihydrocinnamoyl-coa (dihydropinosylvin). we screened a p. strobus cdna library with a stilbene synthase (sts) probe from pinus sylvestris. the eight isolated cdnas represented two closely related sts genes with five amino acid differences in the proteins. the enzyme properties were investigated after heterologous expression in escherichia coli. both proteins preferred cinnamoyl-coa ... | 1995 | 7698342 |
| [the dynamics of the radiation damage and recovery processes in coniferous stands in a 10-kilometer control zone of the accident at the chernobyl atomic electric power station]. | properties of morphogenesis, growth dynamics, anatomy and ultrastructure of wood and needle, reproductive processes in coniferous plants were studied under different level of radiation effect in the 10-km zone in 1986-1992. it was established that the full drying of pine forests began under absorbed dose 80-100 gy/year. threshold doses, after which repair processes were possible, reached to 10-12 gy/year for picea abies and 50 gy/year for pinus sylvestris. three maine stages are revealed in dyna ... | 1995 | 8563907 |
| the genes encoding subunit 3 of nadh dehydrogenase and ribosomal protein s12 are co-transcribed and edited in pinus sylvestris (l.) mitochondria. | the nucleotide sequence of the region encoding nadh dehydrogenase subunit 3 and ribosomal protein s12 from pinus sylvestris (l.) mitochondrial dna (mtdna) has been determined. a sequence comparison of this region with six individual cdna clones prepared by rt-pcr revealed 35 c-to-t differences, showing the occurrence of rna editing. all but one of these alterations in mrna sequence change codon identities to specify amino acid better conserved in evolution. most of these modifications take place ... | 1995 | 8575014 |
| [the genetic effect in pinus sylvestris l. populations of the eastern urals radioactive trace from the control area of the accident at the chernobyl atomic electric power station and from the region of the nuclear device tests at the semipalatinsk proving grounds]. | the method of isoenzyme electrophoresis was used for comparative evaluation of genetical effects in populations of pinus sylvestris l. growing in kyshtym region (east urals), the chernobyl accident zone and in the region of semipalatinsk nuclear tests (altai). it was shown that mutation frequencies for allozyme loci are ranged as follows: ural > altai > chernobyl. | 1995 | 7489105 |
| heterozygosity and fitness: no association in scots pine. | the association of six quantitative traits related to fitness with heterozygosity at 12 allozyme loci has been examined in three populations of scots pine, pinus sylvestris. because of several characteristics of this organism and of this extensive data set, it appeared that this study would show a positive association between heterozygosity and these traits if indeed heterozygotes had higher values for these quantitative traits. using several different statistical techniques including analysis o ... | 1995 | 7498752 |
| microsatellite sequences in a conifer, pinus sylvestris. | scots pine (pinus sylvestris) genomic libraries were constructed and screened with oligonucleotides probes (gt)10, (ct)10, and (at)10. eight microsatellites were identified from 6000 clones screened. the longest microsatellite stretch found, (ct)9(n)21(at)24, was amplified from bud and single pollen grain samples. in order to clarify the complex amplification pattern revealed, two pcr products were sequenced. the size differences were caused both by varying repeat numbers of the microsatellite s ... | 1995 | 8654918 |
| climate influences the leaf area/sapwood area ratio in scots pine. | we tested the hypothesis that the leaf area/sapwood area ratio in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) is influenced by site differences in water vapor pressure deficit of the air (d). two stands of the same provenance were selected, one in western scotland and one in eastern england, so that effects resulting from age, genetic variability, density and fertility were minimized. compared with the scots pine trees at the cooler and wetter site in scotland, the trees at the warmer and drier site in eng ... | 1995 | 14966005 |
| phenological measurements of microsporogenesis in trees. | the value of two heat sum methods, one linear (degree days > 5 degrees c) and the other curvilinear (period units), were assessed together with calendar days as predictors of the duration of microsporogenesis in seven natural stands of norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) and eleven natural stands of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.). microsporogenesis was divided into two subperiods: march 19 to tetrads (i.e., the end of meiosis) and tetrads to anthesis. the total period from march 19 to anth ... | 1995 | 14965934 |
| viability and seasonal distribution patterns of scots pine pollen in finland. | germination ability and airborne counts of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) pollen were studied during the spring of 1993 at turku in southern finland (60 degrees 32' n, 22 degrees 28' e) and at utsjoki in northern finland (69 degrees 45' n, 27 degrees 01' e). pollen waas trapped from the beginning of may to the end of june in a high-volume air sampler. germination tests were performed to determine the in vitro pollen viability of the trapped pollen. airborne pine pollen counts were obtained fro ... | 1995 | 14965936 |
| monitoring environmental pollution in poland by chemical analysis of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) needles. | maps of the distribution of environmental pollution by sulfur (s), zinc (zn), cadmium (cd), lead (pb), copper (cu), and arsenic (as) for the territory of poland and the warsaw (warszawa) district were developed on the basis of chemical analysis of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) needles collected from randomly selected sampling points during 1983-1985. the maps show deposition zones for the studied elements and can help in identification of sources and directions of air pollution dispersion. th ... | 1995 | 15091612 |
| effects of needle age, long-term temperature and co(2) treatments on the photosynthesis of scots pine. | naturally regenerated 20-25-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees were grown in open-top chambers in the presence of an elevated temperature or co(2) concentration, or both. the elevated temperature treatment was administered year-round for 3 years. the co(2) treatment was applied between april 15 and september 15 for 2 years. the photosynthetic responses of 1- and 2-year-old needles to varying photon flux densities (0-1500 micro mol m(-2) s(-1)) and co(2) concentrations (350, 700 and ... | 1995 | 14965960 |
| effects of supplemental mass pollination (smp) in a young and a mature seed orchard of pinus sylvestris. | the effects of supplemental mass pollination (smp) were studied in two pinus sylvestris seed orchards differing in pollen production. pollen was dusted over the whole tree during the period of peak female receptivity using a pressurized backpack sprayer. the success of smp was assessed by means of allozyme markers. in the orchard with high pollen production, detectable differences in smp success rate were found between clones, but the success rate was not influenced by the number of pollinations ... | 1995 | 14965937 |
| acid phosphatase activity and phosphorus nutrition in scots pine needles. | from march to october, acid phosphatase activity and phosphorus (p) concentration were measured in four needle age classes of the upper and lower crowns of fertilized and unfertilized scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees. negative correlations between acid phosphatase activity and p concentration were observed in current-year needles and in needles in the upper part of the crown, whereas there was a positive correlation between enzyme activity and p concentration in older needles and in needle ... | 1995 | 14965993 |
| seasonal changes in the transient expression of a 35s camv-gus gene construct introduced into scots pine buds. | seasonal changes in the transient expression of beta-glucuronidase gene (gus) driven by a constitutive 35s camv-promoter in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) buds were studied by the microprojectile dna-delivery method. buds were collected from 5-, 15- and 50-year-old trees. in buds from all age groups the amount of transient expression was dependent on the season; the highest values were found in march, and values were lowest both at the beginning and at the end of the growing season. pretreatme ... | 1995 | 14966013 |
| the effects of simultaneous large acidic and alkaline airborne pollutants on forest soil. | the effects of air pollutants on soil were studied in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) forests near the boundary of russia and estonia. the study area is characterized by large amounts of acidic and basic pollutants, mainly sulphur dioxide (so(2)) and calcium (ca). several variables were measured in different horizons of the podzolic soil polluted by emissions from local sources in areas of several thousands of square kilometers. alkalinization dominates the processes in the soil, since sulphur ... | 1996 | 15093502 |
| growth variation of scots pine across a pollution gradient on the kola peninsula, russia. | decadal exposure to emissions from a non-ferrous smelter has damaged the forest ecosystems surrounding the city of monchegorsk located on the kola peninsula in northwestern russia. we use the methods of tree-ring analysis to study the areal extent and timing of recent growth reductions of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) in the region surrounding the smelter in monchegorsk. reduced growth of scots pine was observed up to 30 km southwest of the smelter. this directional gradient of forest damage ... | 1996 | 15093529 |
| vitality fertilization of scots pine stands growing along a gradient of heavy metal pollution: short-term effects on microbial biomass and respiration rate of the humus layer. | in 1992 forest vitality fertilization experiments were established on a heavy metal deposition gradient with four treatments in three replications at distances of 0.5, 4 and 8 km from a cu-ni smelter in order to estimate their impact on the disturbed forest ecosystem. the increase in cu concentration in the humus (f/h) layer of the calluna site type scots pine (pinus sylvestris) stands from ca. 300 to 8000 mg kg(-1) d.m. (dry matter) along the 8 km long transect towards the smelter resulted in d ... | 1996 | 15067486 |
| scots pine needle surfaces on radial transects across the north boreal area of finnish lapland and the kola peninsula of russia. | to gain an understanding of the characteristics of the needle surfaces of naturally regenerated scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and their geographical distribution, eight physicochemical variables were investigated within the north boreal forest area. the visibly undamaged needles were collected in autumn 1990 from 114 plots (3-5 pines per plot) along radial transects from the monchegorsk and nikel smelters, emitting so2 and heavy metals, on the kola peninsula, russia, to finnish lapland. the n ... | 1996 | 15091357 |
| assessing the critical level of so2 for scots pine in situ. | a field survey was performed in eastern finland, where measured ambient so2 concentrations were 1.4-3.8 microg m(-3) a(-1) and bulk s deposition 0.17-0.32 g m(-2) a(-1) in 1991-1993. the accumulation of sulphur (s) in needles of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) was studied with xrf, ic and fesem analyses and the needle damage examined under a light microscope and by sem. foliar n concentrations were also measured. foliar total s concentrations were observed to be above the normal s level (500-70 ... | 1996 | 15091366 |
| the effect of simulated acid rain on the biochemical composition of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) needles. | the effects of prolonged simulated acid rain on the biochemistry of scots pine needles were studied in finnish lapland. pine trees were exposed by spraying the foliage and soil with either clean water or simulated acid rain (sar; both sulphuric and nitric acids) over the period 1985-1991. the concentrations of carbohydrates (starch, glucose, fructose, sucrose) in one-year-old pine needles were not affected by sar-treatments. the sar-treatments did not have significant effects on protein bound am ... | 1996 | 15091384 |
| decomposer animal communities in forest soil along heavy metal pollution gradient. | responses of soil decomposer animals to heavy metal contamination and to concomitant changes in organic matter quality and quantity and in soil microbial biomasses have been studied along a pollution gradient from a cu-ni smelter. samples have been taken separately for nematodes, enchytraeids and microarthropods 0.5, 2 and 8 km from the smelter. special attention has been paid to the changes in the collembolan fauna. the sampling sites have been located in homogeneous scots pine ( pinus sylvestr ... | 1996 | 15067469 |
| nutrient retranslocation in the foliage of pinus sylvestris l. growing along a heavy metal pollution gradient. | retranslocation of n, p, k, ca, mg, mn, fe, zn, cu and ni within the foliage of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) was studied during autumnal needle senescence along a heavy-metal pollution gradient in western finland. the stands were located at distances of 0.5 (har 0.5), 4 (har 4) and 8 km (har 8) to the southeast of a copper-nickel smelter at harjavalta. a background study stand was located at hämeenkangas (häm), 60 km northeast of the smelter. during needle senescence, the mobile nutrients n, ... | 1996 | 14871672 |
| photosynthetic responses to needle water potentials in scots pine after a four-year exposure to elevated co(2) and temperature. | effects of needle water potential (psi(l)) on gas exchange of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) grown for 4 years in open-top chambers with elevated temperature (et), elevated co(2) (ec) or a combination of elevated temperature and co(2) (ec + et) were examined at a high photon flux density (ppfd), saturated leaf to air water vapor pressure deficit (vpd) and optimal temperature (t). we used the farquhar model of photosynthesis to estimate the separate effects of psi(l) and the treatments on maxim ... | 1996 | 14871683 |
| carbon and nitrogen allocation in ectomycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal pinus sylvestris l. seedlings. | we studied carbon and nitrogen allocation in mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings grown in a semi-hydroponic system with nitrogen as the growth limiting factor. three ectomycorrhizal fungi were compared: one pioneer species (thelephora terrestris ehrh.: fr.) and two late-stage fungi (suillus bovinus (l.: fr.) o. kuntze, and scleroderma citrinum pers.). by giving all plants in each treatment the same amount of readily available nitrogen, we ensured that the e ... | 1996 | 14871686 |
| evidence that longer needle retention of spruce and pine populations at high elevations and high latitudes is largely a phenotypic response. | there is abundant evidence that evergreen conifers living at high elevations or at high latitudes have longer-lived needles than trees of the same species living elsewhere. this pattern is likely caused by the influence of low temperature in combination with related factors such as a short growing season and low nutrient availability. because it is not known to what degree such patterns result from phenotypic versus genotypic variation, we evaluated needle longevity for common-garden-grown lowla ... | 1996 | 14871702 |
| hydraulic conductance, light interception and needle nutrient concentration in scots pine stands and their relations with net primary productivity. | aboveground xylem hydraulic conductance was determined in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees and stands from 7 to about 60 years of age. at the stand scale, leaf area index and net primary productivity (npp, above- plus belowground) increased and reached a plateau at about 25-30 and 15-20 years, respectively; both parameters declined in mature stands. stand hydraulic conductance followed a similar trend to npp, with a maximum at about 15-20 years and a pronounced reduction in old stands. at ... | 1996 | 14871714 |
| response of lai-2000 estimates to changes in plant surface area index in a scots pine stand. | we assessed the accuracy with which the lai-2000 plant canopy analyzer measured changes in leaf area index (lai) and plant area index (pai) in a 25-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) stand. stand density was 2100 stems ha(-1) and mean tree height was 8.7 m. needle and branch areas of the stand were reduced progressively to zero by the stepwise removal of branches on all trees growing in a circular plot with a radius of 25 m. an lai-2000 estimate was taken after each step reduction. the ne ... | 1996 | 14871735 |
| transcription of four satellite dna subfamilies in diprion pini (hymenoptera, symphyta, diprionidae). | four satellite dna subfamilies ps, pv, pv65 and ec, resulting from the evolution of a common ancestral motif, were isolated and characterized in the genomic dna of diprion pini, a phytophagous of pinus sylvestris. consensus sequences were 148-312 bp long. sequence analyses revealed that these satellite subfamilies have evolved from a 45-bp ancestral motif. the amounts of each satellite in the genome (0 - 10%) and the accessibility of the dna to restriction enzymes were sex dependent. the migrati ... | 1996 | 8706677 |
| high-level expression of pinus sylvestris glutamine synthetase in escherichia coli. production of polyclonal antibodies against the recombinant protein and expression studies in pine seedlings. | in a previous work we reported the molecular characterization of a glutamine synthetase (gs; ec 6.3.1.2.) complementary dna from a woody plant (cantón et al. (1993) plant mol. biol. 22, 819-828). the isolated cdna (pgsp114) encoding a scots pine (pinus sylvestris) cytosolic subunit, has been subcloned into the expression vector pet3c to overproduce the gs polypeptide in escherichia coli cells. the recombinant gs protein showed the same molecular size as a native scots pine gs subunit. antibodies ... | 1996 | 8814291 |
| [the genetic sequelae for plant populations of radioactive environmental pollution in connection with the chernobyl accident]. | populations of arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh., and pinus sylvestris l., growing within 30 km of chernobyl and bryansk region have been analyzed for the frequency of embryonic lethal mutations on arabidopsis and frequency of chlorophyll mutations and chromosome aberrations by pine. on pine also have been analyzed rate of mutations at enzyme loci in endosperms of seeds. dose dependence of the value genetic damage on level of radioactive pollution was observed. | 1996 | 8925027 |
| inhibition of chitinolytic activities from tree species and associated fungi. | effects of two inhibitors, allosamidin and (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosylidene)amino phenylcarbamate (pugnac), have been assessed on chitinolytic activities of two plants, pinus sylvestris l. and eucalyptus pilularis sm., and of seven fungi. pinus sylvestris and e. pilularis root endochitinase activities were inhibited by allosamidin. activities of p. sylvestris were more sensitive to inhibition than those of e. pilularis. the mechanism of inhibition varied with the plant species and the ... | 1996 | 8588878 |
| differential redox regulation by glutathione of glutathione reductase and cuzn-superoxide dismutase gene expression in pinus sylvestris l. needles. | glutathione reductase (gr; ec 1.6.4.2) and superoxide dismutase (sod; ec 1.15.1.1) are two well-known enzymes involved in the scavenging of reactive oxygen intermediates. however, little is known about the regulation of gor and sod genes in plant cells. to obtain information about hypothetical redox regulatory mechanisms controlling gor and sod gene expression we artificially enhanced the levels of reduced and oxidized forms of glutathione (gsh and gssg) in pinus sylvestris l. needles. scots pin ... | 1996 | 8580767 |
| auxin as a positional signal in pattern formation in plants. | by using a novel, extremely sensitive and specific gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique we demonstrate in pinus sylvestris (l.) trees the existence of a steep radial concentration gradient of the endogenous auxin, indole-3-acetic acid, over the lateral meristem responsible for the bulk of plant secondary growth, the vascular cambium. this is the first evidence that plant morphogens, such as indole-3-acetic acid, occur in concentration gradients over developing tissues. this finding giv ... | 1996 | 11607701 |
| effects of bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) litter on seed germination and early seedling growth of four boreal tree species. | laboratory and greenhouse bioassays were used to test for inhibitory effects of senescent and decomposed leaves and aqueous extract from bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.) against seed germination and seedling growth of aspen (populus tremula l.), birch (betula pendula roth.), scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.), and norway spruce [picea abies (l.) karst.]. aqueous extracts from bilberry leaves were inhibitory to aspen seed germination and seedling growth and also induced root damage and growth abno ... | 1996 | 24227618 |
| exposure to chlorinated acetic acids: responses of peroxidase and glutathione s-transferase activity in pine needles. | during long-term exposure of pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings to trichloro- and monochloroacetic acids via root uptake or acid mist treatments, both substances were removed from the plant tissues by metabolic activity. none of the treated plants exhibited visible stress symptoms at the concentrations used. in addition, the exposure to both substances led to dramatic changes in the activity of xenobiotic detoxification enzymes (peroxidase and gluthatione s-transferase) in the needles of the p ... | 1997 | 19002403 |
| molecular cloning of ozone-inducible protein from pinus sylvestris l. with high sequence similarity to vertebrate 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa-synthase. | we have isolated a pinus sylvestris cdna encoding a globular protein of 474 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 52,995 da. the deduced amino acid sequence showed 41.9% identity and 13.6% similarity to mammalian cytosolic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa-synthase (hmgs). treatment of scots pine seedlings with ozone resulted in a transient increase of a 1.95 kb transcript, whereas a 1.2 kb mrna decreased transiently, indicating a possible influence of ozone on isoprenoid biosynthesis. | 1997 | 9061017 |
| the chlb gene encoding a subunit of light-independent protochlorophyllide reductase is edited in chloroplasts of conifers. | chlb is one of three chloroplast genes shown so far to be required for light-independent chlorophyll synthesis. it occurs in some algae, lower plants, and gymnosperms, but not in angiosperms. we have demonstrated, for the first time in conifer chloroplasts, the presence of two internal c to u editing sites in this transcript. in the chlb transcript of pinus sylvestris, the editing of the second position in a ccg codon leads to an amino-acid substitution from proline to leucine. editing of a near ... | 1997 | 9108142 |
| biotransformation of the fungal toxin fomannoxin by conifer cell cultures. | fomannoxin [(+/-)-5-formyl-2-isopropenyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofurane] is a phytotoxic secondary metabolite, which is produced by the forest pathogenic basidiomycete heterobasidion annosum during the infection process. fomannoxin shows growth-inhibiting effects on callus and suspension cultures of conifer cells. by investigating the interaction of the phytotoxin with pinus sylvestris cells a detoxification of fomannoxin was detected, presumably as a defense reaction of the plant cells. undifferentiate ... | 1997 | 9377489 |
| photosynthetic responses of scots pine to elevated co(2) and nitrogen supply: results of a branch-in-bag experiment. | naturally seeded scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees, age 25-30 years, were subjected to two soil-nitrogen-supply regimes and to elevated atmospheric co(2) concentrations by the branch-in-bag method from april 15 to september 15 for two or three years. gas exchange in detached shoots was measured in a diffuse radiation field. seven parameters associated with photosynthetic performance and two describing stomatal conductance were determined to assess the effects of treatments on photosynthetic ... | 1997 | 14759862 |
| biomechanical and hydraulic determinants of tree structure in scots pine: anatomical characteristics. | the development of anatomical, hydraulic and biomechanical properties in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) stems aged 7 to 59 years was followed. the hydraulic diameter and length of tracheids increased with age to a maximum at 15 and 35 years, respectively. number of tracheids per unit of sapwood area decreased with age to a minimum of 500-600 tracheids mm(-2). variations in specific hydraulic conductivity and young's modulus of stems were associated with variation in anatomical properties. over ... | 1997 | 14759880 |
| gas exchange of the lowest branches of young scots pine: a cost-benefit analysis of seasonal branch carbon budget. | a cost-benefit approach was developed to analyze the carbon budget of the lowest scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) branches subject to abscission. in addition to within-branch growth and respiratory costs, the budget included an estimation of a branch's share of the maintenance respiration of the stem and root. a branch was considered productive if the budget was positive. foliar gas exchange and woody-tissue respiration were non-destructively measured at monthly intervals during the growing seas ... | 1997 | 14759885 |
| effects of foliar potassium concentration on morphology, ultrastructure and polyamine concentrations of scots pine needles. | we examined the effects of three foliar potassium concentrations (high, intermediate and low) on the morphology, ultrastructure and polyamine concentrations of current-year and 1- and 2-year-old needles of 30-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees. foliar k concentration had only a slight effect on needle morphology. the sclerenchyma cell walls were thinner, the xylem area was larger, and the resin ducts were smaller in needles with a low k concentration than in needles with a high or i ... | 1997 | 14759892 |
| distribution of elements along the length of scots pine needles in a heavily polluted and a control environment. | pollution often causes visible symptoms of foliar injury. the injury is sometimes associated with an increase in the accessibility of toxic elements to plants as a result of acidification of the soil. we investigated the distribution of elements (n, p, k, ca, mg, mn, s, fe, b, cu, zn, al, f, pb, cd, cr, ni and co) in healthy current-year needles of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) growing at an unpolluted control site and at a site polluted mainly by so(2), hf and al(3+) from a fertilizer factor ... | 1997 | 14759894 |
| control of longitudinal and cambial growth by gibberellins and indole-3-acetic acid in current-year shoots of pinus sylvestris. | we investigated the involvement of gibberellins (gas) and indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) in the control of longitudinal and cambial growth in current-year shoots of pinus sylvestris l. elongating terminal shoots, located at the apex of previous-year (1-year-old) branches in the uppermost whorl on the main stem, were variously decapitated (apical 5 to 10 mm removed), defoliated (all developing needle fascicles removed) and treated with endogenous ga(4/7) or iaa, or both. shoot length and the radial w ... | 1997 | 14759896 |
| responses of picea, pinus and pseudotsuga roots to heterogeneous nutrient distribution in soil. | the spatial distribution of plant-available mineral nutrients in forest soils is often highly heterogeneous. to test the hypothesis that local nutrient enrichment of soil leads to increased root proliferation in the nutrient-rich soil zone, we studied the effects of nutrient enrichment on the growth and nutrient concentrations of douglas-fir (pseudotsuga menziesii (mirb.) franco), scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) roots. three-year-old seedlings were gr ... | 1997 | 14759912 |
| relationship between temperature, respiratory loss of sugar and premature dehardening in dormant scots pine seedlings. | increased intracellular sugar concentration is an important contributor to the increased cold tolerance of conifers in winter. this study examines the extent to which wintertime respiratory loss of sugars leads to premature dehardening. two-year-old seedlings of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.), grown and cold-hardened in the field, were exposed to different temperature regimes for 16 weeks while dormant. to minimize short-term carry-over effects, after the temperature treatments, all seedlings ... | 1997 | 14759913 |
| effects of elevated o3 and co2 on chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange in scots pine during the third growing season. | naturally regenerated, 30-year-old scots pines (pinus sylvestris l.) were grown in open-top chambers and exposed in situ to doubled ambient o(3), doubled ambient co(2) and a combination of elevated o(3) and co(2) from 15 april to 15 september for three growing seasons (1994-1996). to examine the effects of o(3) and/or co(2) on photosynthesis, chlorophyll a fluorescence and gas exchange were measured simultaneously. doubled ambient o(3) significantly decreased the rates of photosynthesis at all l ... | 1997 | 15093374 |
| anthropogenic impacts on natural nitrogen isotope variations in pinus sylvestris stands in an industrially polluted area. | natural variations of the nitrogen isotopes 15n/14n (delta15n values) and the n concentrations of one-year-old needles from 7-12-year-old pine trees (pinus sylvestris l.) were determined on 27 sites in the heavily polluted leipzig-halle region (former gdr). at three selected sites measurements were repeated over a period of 2 years. n concentrations and delta15n values in different needle age classes were compared at the three sites. the delta15n values of the n in the humus layer and the potent ... | 1997 | 15093392 |
| growth, respiration and nitrogen content in needles of scots pine exposed to elevated ozone and carbon dioxide in the field. | single scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees, aged 30 years, were grown in open-top chambers and exposed to two atmospheric concentrations of ozone (o3; ambient and elevation) and carbon dioxide (co2) as single variables or in combination for 3 years (1994-1996). needle growth, respiration and nitrogen content were measured simultaneously over the period of needle expansion. compared to ambient treatment (33 nmol mol(-1) o3 and 350 micromol mol(-1) co2) doubled ambient o3 (69 nmol mol(-1)) sign ... | 1998 | 15093088 |
| trends in needle and soil chemistry of norway spruce and scots pine stands in south sweden 1985-1994. | the nutrient status of the trees and soil in 42 stands of norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) in scania, south sweden was followed from 1985 to 1994. samples from needles taken in winter 1985, 1987, 1990, and 1994, and soils in 1988 and 1993 were analyzed. concentrations, as well as ratios to n, of k and cu in needles of both species decreased by approximately 40% from 1985 to 1994. soil analyses indicate ongoing soil acidification and leaching of mineral ... | 1998 | 15093309 |
| nitrogen-related root variables of trees along an n-deposition gradient in europe. | we measured fine root n concentration, root in vivo nitrate reductase activity (nra) and root uptake capacity for (15)nh(4) (+) and (15)no(3) (-) along an n-deposition gradient from northern sweden to central europe, encompassing a variation in n deposition rates of < 5 to about 40 kg n ha(-1) year(-1). the focus was on picea abies (l.) karst., but fagus sylvatica l. in central europe and pinus sylvestris l. and betula spp. in northern sweden were also studied. we assumed that, with an increased ... | 1998 | 12651404 |
| the response of pinus sylvestris to drought: stomatal control of transpiration and hydraulic conductance. | we investigated the impact of drought on the physiology of 41-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) in central scotland. measurements were made of the seasonal course of transpiration, canopy stomatal conductance, needle water potential, xylem water content, soil-to-needle hydraulic resistance, and growth. comparison was made between drought-treated plots and those receiving average precipitation. in response to drought, transpiration rate declined once volumetric water content (vwc) over th ... | 1998 | 12651364 |
| indole-3-acetic acid controls cambial growth in scots pine by positional signaling | the vascular cambium produces secondary xylem and phloem in plants and is responsible for wood formation in forest trees. in this study we used a microscale mass-spectrometry technique coupled with cryosectioning to visualize the radial concentration gradient of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) across the cambial meristem and the differentiating derivatives in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees that had different rates of cambial growth. this approach allowed us to investigate the relat ... | 1998 | 9576780 |
| gene structure, expression in escherichia coli and biochemical properties of the nad+ -dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from pinus sylvestris chloroplasts. | photosynthetic eukaryotes typically possess two distinct glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases, an nad+ -specific enzyme in the cytosol (gapc: ec 1.2.1.12) and an nadp+ -dependent enzyme in the chloroplast (gapab: ec 1.2.1.13). the gymnosperm pinus sylvestris is an exception in that it is known to express a gene encoding a transit peptide-bearing gapc-like subunit that is imported into chloroplasts (gapcp), but the enzymatic properties of this novel gapdh have not been described from any sou ... | 1998 | 9583948 |
| plant polyketide synthases: a chalcone synthase-type enzyme which performs a condensation reaction with methylmalonyl-coa in the biosynthesis of c-methylated chalcones. | heterologous screening of a cdna library from pinusstrobus seedlings identified clones for two chalcone synthase (chs) related proteins (pstrchs1 and pstrchs2, 87.6% identity). heterologous expression in escherichia coli showed that pstrchs1 performed the typical chs reaction, that it used starter coa-esters from the phenylpropanoid pathway, and that it performed three condensation reactions with malonyl-coa, followed by the ring closure to the chalcone. pstrchs2 was completely inactive with the ... | 1998 | 9622493 |
| active oxygen scavengers during cold acclimation of scots pine seedlings in relation to freezing tolerance. | freezing injury of plants may be caused by the deleterious reactions of active oxygen species, and free-radical scavenging systems may be important in the alleviation of freezing stress. to test the feasibility of this hypothesis, enzymes and metabolites that cooperatively scavenge o2 and h2o2 were analyzed in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings during a stepwise cold acclimation procedure. elevated levels of enzymatic scavengers such as ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, monode ... | 1998 | 9698428 |
| characterization of microsatellite loci in pinus sylvestris l. | 1998 | 9734086 | |
| memory effects in the action of ozone on conifers. | conifers are known to possess relative ozone tolerance in short-term experiments. a scenario for ozone damage of conifers is now derived from the first exposure experiments in which both the initial biochemical response phase and delayed visible symptom development were studied. a number of early biochemical ozone responses could be detected in norway spruce (picea abies [l.] karst.) and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.). the stress metabolite catechin persisted over several months. in the year f ... | 1998 | 9756691 |
| chlorophyll synthesis in dark-grown pine primary needles | the pigment content of dark-grown primary needles of pinus jeffreyi l. and pinus sylvestris l. was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. the state of protochlorophyllide a and of chlorophylls during dark growth were analyzed by in situ 77 k fluorescence spectroscopy. both measurements unambiguously demonstrated that pine primary needles are able to synthesize chlorophyll in the dark. norflurazon strongly inhibited both carotenoid and chlorophyll synthesis. needles of plants treat ... | 1998 | 9847090 |
| gene-pool variation in caledonian and european scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) revealed by chloroplast simple-sequence repeats. | we have used polymorphic chloroplast simple-sequence repeats to analyse levels of genetic variation within and between seven native scottish and eight mainland european populations of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.). diversity levels for the scottish populations based on haplotype frequency were far in excess of those previously obtained using monoterpenes and isozymes and confirmed lower levels of genetic variation within the derelict population at glen falloch. the diversity levels were highe ... | 1998 | 9787466 |
| the charcoal effect in boreal forests: mechanisms and ecological consequences. | wildfire is the principal disturbance regime in northern boreal forests, where it has important rejuvenating effects on soil properties and encourages tree seedling regeneration and growth. one possible agent of this rejuvenation is fire-produced charcoal, which adsorbs secondary metabolites such as humus phenolics produced by ericaceous vegetation in the absence of fire, which retard nutrient cycling and tree seedling growth. we investigated short-term ecological effects of charcoal on the bore ... | 1998 | 28308435 |
| phytochrome types in picea and pinus. expression patterns of phya-related types. | knowledge of the genes in gymnosperms encoding the apoproteins of the plant photoreceptor phytochrome is currently scanty as for gymnosperm nuclear protein coding sequences in general. here we report two complete cdna-derived sequences which code for two different types of gymnosperm phytochrome. one sequence stems from norway spruce (picea abies) and the other from scots pine (pinus sylvestris). more detailed studies have shown that both types of phytochrome gene are present in norway spruce. f ... | 1999 | 10480390 |
| biomonitoring of airborne inorganic and organic pollutants by means of pine tree barks. i. temporal and spatial variations. | scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) bark samples were collected at two field sites (neuglobsow, rösa) and in different years between 1987 and 1996 in the east of germany. the barks were analyzed with respect to the following inorganic and organic substances: al, as, b, ca, cd, ce, cr, cu, fe, hg, mo, nh4+, ni, no3-, po4(3)-, pb, sr, so4(2)-, ti, v, w, zr, zn, benzo[a]pyrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-hch) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt). in addition to bark ... | 1999 | 10474260 |
| models to assess the risk of snow and wind damage in pine, spruce, and birch forests in sweden. | / each year damage to forests caused by snow and wind causes high economic losses. in sweden, approximately 4 million m3 are damaged annually by snow and wind, roughly corresponding to a value of us$150 million, and in europe, the damage amounts to hundreds of millions of us dollars each year. to help to reduce these losses, tools for risk assessment within forest management have been developed. predictions were developed of the risk of damage from snow and wind to scots pine (pinus sylvestris l ... | 1999 | 10384030 |
| tolerance and biodegradation of m-toluate by scots pine, a mycorrhizal fungus and fluorescent pseudomonads individually and under associative conditions. | the tolerance to, and degradation of m-toluate by scots pine (pinus sylvestris), a symbiotic mycorrhizal fungus (suillus bovinus) and pseudomonas fluorescens strains, with or without m-toluate-degrading capacity, was determined individually and in all symbiotic/associative plant-microbe combinations. fungal survival on medium with m-toluate was increased in co-culture with the degradative bacterial strains on agar plates (up to 0.02%, w/v). when fungi were grown in mycorrhizal association with s ... | 1999 | 10347877 |
| [genetic effects in populations of plants growing in the zone of kyshtym and chernobyl accidents]. | studies to analyze the genetic processes in natural populations of plants were started on the territory of the east-ural radioactive trace (eurt) in 1962 and in the zone of the chernobyl accident in may 1986. the main directions of the genetic studies in both radioactive areas were similar: 1) study of the mutation process intensity depending on the dose and dose rate and analysis of dose-effect relationships for different genetic changes (point mutations, chromosome aberrations in mitosis and m ... | 1999 | 10347610 |
| properties of aflp markers in inheritance and genetic diversity studies of pinus sylvestris l | we analysed the properties of aflp markers in pinus sylvestris. using primers with three selective nucleotides, the aflp protocol produced large numbers of amplified bands and could only be used with a restricted number of primer combinations. replacement of the ecori +3 primer by an ecori +4 primer halved the number of bands, facilitating analysis. the inheritance of all but about 8.4% of the amplified bands has been confirmed to be mendelian. we compared band patterns among selected p. sylvest ... | 1999 | 10336699 |
| microbial activities related to c and n cycling and microbial community structure in the rhizospheres of pinus sylvestris, picea abies and betula pendula seedlings in an organic and mineral soil. | the aim of this study was to determine whether scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.), norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) and silver birch (betula pendula roth) seedlings have a selective influence on the soil microbial community structure and activity and whether this varies in different soils. seedlings of pine, spruce and birch were planted into pots of two soil types: an organic soil and a mineral soil. pots without seedlings were also included. after one growing season, microbial biomass c ( ... | 1999 | 10508943 |
| air-pollutant dispersal patterns and vegetation damage in the vicinity of three aluminium smelters in norway. | dispersal patterns for fluoride and damage to vegetation was studied near three aluminium smelters in norway. leaf samples from three broad-leaved species (betula pubescens ehrh., salix caprea l. and sorbus aucuparia l.) were collected and leaf injury and the plants overall vitality were evaluated systematically in areas with different distance and direction from the emission sources. both dispersal patterns and the distribution of damages were mainly determined by the predominant wind direction ... | 1999 | 10535145 |
| chlorinated hydrocarbons in scots pine needles in northern britain | concentrations of 4 chlorinated hydrocarbons, c2h3cl3 (1,1,1-trichloroethane), ccl4 (tetrachloromethane), c2hcl3 (trichloroethene) and c2cl4 (tetrachloroethene) have been measured in needles of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) growing close to two industrial sites and in a rural area in northern britain. pentane extracts of pine needles sampled over 14 months were analysed using gas chromatography with electron capture detection. geometric mean concentrations were not significantly different amo ... | 1999 | 10903112 |
| effects of elevated atmospheric co(2) on phenology, growth and crown structure of scots pine (pinus sylvestris) seedlings after two years of exposure in the field. | three-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings were grown for two years in the ground in open-top chambers supplied with either an ambient or elevated (ambient + 400 &mgr;mol mol(-1)) co(2) concentration. phenological observations and measurements of height and stem diameter growth, absolute and relative growth rates, starch and soluble carbohydrate concentrations of the needles, and crown structure and needle properties were made at frequent intervals throughout the two growing seaso ... | 1999 | 12651572 |
| nutrient uptake by intact mycorrhizal pinus sylvestris seedlings: a diagnostic tool to detect copper toxicity. | we developed a nondestructive method for detecting early toxic effects of inflethal copper (cu) concentrations on ectomycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal (nm) scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings. the fungal symbionts examined were paxillus involutus (fr.) fr., suillus luteus (fr.) s.f. gray and thelephora terrestris (ehrh.) fr. the accumulation of cu in needles and fungal development (ergosterol) in roots and infstrate were assessed. inorganic phosphate (p(i)) and ammonium (nh(4) (+)) uptake ... | 1999 | 12651582 |
| seasonal variations in leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll, and water content; scaling-up to estimate fapar and carbon balance in a multilayer, multispecies temperate forest. | seasonal differences in phenology between coniferous and deciduous tree species need to be considered when developing models to estimate co(2) exchange in temperate forest ecosystems. because seasonal variations in co(2) flux in temperate forests are closely correlated with plant phenology, we quantified the phenology of forest species in a multilayered forest with patches of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and oak (quercus robur l.) in brasschaat, belgium. a scaling-up modeling approach was de ... | 1999 | 12651323 |
| responses of scots pine (pinus sylvestris) seedlings grown in different nutrient regimes to changing root zone temperature in spring. | we examined effects of nutrient availability and changing root zone temperature (rzt) on growth, gas exchange and plasma membrane h(+)-atpase (pm-atpase) activity of roots of 1-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings during spring flushing. the 6-week growth-chamber experiment was carried out in hydroponic cultures that supplied the seedlings with low (0.5 mm n) or high (3 mm n) nutrient concentration and two rates of increase in rzt were simulated: slow warming (sw-treatment) and fa ... | 1999 | 12651307 |
| the effects of multiple metal contamination on ectomycorrhizal scots pine (pinus sylvestris) seedlings. | experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of single and multiple metal contamination (cd, pb, zn, sb, cu) on scots pine seedlings colonised by ectomycorrhizal (ecm) fungi from natural soil inoculum. seedlings were grown in either contaminated field soil from the site of a chemical accident, soils amended with five metals contaminating the site, or in soil from an uncontaminated control site. although contaminated and metal-amended soil significantly inhibited root and shoot growth of ... | 1999 | 15093037 |
| the effects of uv exclusion on the soluble phenolics of young scots pine seedlings in the subarctic. | the characteristics of uv-absorbing compounds, particularly soluble phenolics, were studied in needles of 63-day-old seed-grown scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings of two provenances in a uv exclusion field experiment at pallas-ounastunturi national park in finnish lapland (68 degrees n, 270 m a.s.l.). the experiment used the following plastic filters in exclosure treatments to manipulate the spectral balance of natural irradiance: (1) 'control' (a polyethene plastic filter); (2) 'uv-b ex ... | 1999 | 15093049 |
| ozone exposure-response relationships for biomass and root/shoot ratio of beech (fagus sylvatica), ash (fraxinus excelsior), norway spruce (picea abies) and scots pine (pinus sylvestris). | current-year seedlings of beech, ash, norway spruce and scots pine were exposed during one growing season to different, but moderate, ozone (o(3)) scenarios representative for switzerland (50, 85, 100% ambient, 50% ambient+30 nl l(-1)) in open-top chambers (otcs) and to ambient o(3) concentrations in the field. biomass significantly decreased with increasing o(3) dose in all species except for spruce. losses of 25.5% (ash), 17.4% (beech), 9.9% (scots pine) were found per 10 microl l(-1) h accumu ... | 2000 | 15092880 |
| impact of increased springtime o3 exposure on scots pine (pinus sylvestris) seedlings in central finland. | three-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings were exposed to ambient or elevated ozone (o(3)) concentrations in open-air exposure fields in central finland in 1995-97. three different treatments were applied in 1996 and 1997: ambient air, elevated o(3) (1.3-1.5xambient) during the growing season (june-september) and elevated o(3) in march-september, i.e. the growing season including the springtime o(3) exposure. the ambient mean o(3) concentrations were 40% higher in springtime (mar ... | 2000 | 15092881 |
| container-grown tree seedling responses to sodium chloride applications in different substrates. | seedlings of norway maple (acer platanoides), silver birch (betula pendula), norway spruce (picea abies) and scots pine (pinus sylvestris) were grown in selected sodium chloride (nacl) concentrations, soil types and under different watering regimes. plants were raised from seeds, except for scots pine plants which were obtained from a commercial source. among the plant species tested, scots pine was the most tolerant to soil salinity, while norway spruce was the most susceptible. for both norway ... | 2000 | 15092891 |
| the use of mosses and pine needles to detect persistent organic pollutants at local and regional scales. | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) were analysed in mosses (hypnum cupressiforme) and pine needles (pinus sylvestris) collected in the czech republic between 1988-94 at a regional background site in kosetice, south bohemia (1988-94) and two industrial sources. one industrial site (sampled 1989-91) in middle moravia, was near a factory producing pahs, carbon black and phthalates, the other (sampled 1991-93) near a coal and gas fuel production plant in western bohemia. selected chlorinated pe ... | 2000 | 15092899 |
| detoxification and amelioration of heavy-metal contaminated forest soils by means of liming and fertilisation. | four experiments were established in 1992 in scots pine stands (pinus sylvestris l.) on relatively infertile sites at distances of 0.5, 2, 4 and 8 km to the south-east of the cu-ni smelter at harjavalta, south-west finland, in order to investigate the effects of liming, correction fertiliser and site-specific fertiliser treatments on heavy metal (cu, ni) and macronutrient (ca, mg, k) availability in the organic layer. the organic layer samples were analysed for total, plant-available (bacl(2)+ed ... | 2000 | 15093011 |
| photosynthetic utilization efficiency of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation by scots pine and birch forest stands in the southern taiga. | absorption and utilization of photosynthetically active radiation (par) were investigated in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and birch (betula pendula roth.) stands that were 41 years old at the end of the experimental period. canopy depth of the scots pine stand was about half that of the birch stand (6.5 versus 11.0 m), but absorption of par was similar in the two stands. the scots pine forest canopy, with a leaf area index of 8.9, absorbed 90% of the incoming par (apar), whereas the birch fo ... | 2000 | 12651489 |
| genetic and environmental control of seasonal carbohydrate dynamics in trees of diverse pinus sylvestris populations. | we explored environmental and genetic factors affecting seasonal dynamics of starch and soluble nonstructural carbohydrates in needle and twig cohorts and roots of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees of six populations originating between 49 degrees and 60 degrees n, and grown under common garden conditions in western poland. trees of each population were sampled once or twice per month over a 3-year period from age 15 to 17 years. based on similarity in starch concentration patterns in needl ... | 2000 | 12651505 |
| needle and stem wood production in scots pine (pinus sylvestris) trees of different age, size and competitive status. | we studied effects of tree age, size and competitive status on foliage and stem production of 43 scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) trees in southern finland. the tree attributes related to competition included foliage density, crown ratio and height/diameter ratio. needle mass was considered to be the primary cause of growth through photosynthesis. both stem growth and foliage growth were strongly correlated with foliage mass. consequently, differences in growth allocation between needles and ste ... | 2000 | 12651433 |
| [distribution patterns of root systems of main planting tree species in weibei loess plateau]. | the vertical patterns of root systems of pinus tabulaeformis, robinia pseudoacacia, platycladus orientalis, pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, pinus armandi, prunus armeniacia var. ansu planted in the weibei loess plateau were studied with soil auger. site conditions had a significant effect on the vertical root distribution of r. pseudoacacia, of which, soil moisture is the key factor. soil species and soil structure also had great effect on the distribution. p. tabulaeformis had a maximum rootin ... | 2000 | 11766584 |
| effects of season, needle age and elevated atmospheric co(2) on photosynthesis in scots pine (pinus sylvestris). | five-year-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings were grown in open-top chambers at ambient and elevated (ambient + 400 &mgr;mol mol(-1)) co(2) concentrations. net photosynthesis (a), specific leaf area (sla) and concentrations of nitrogen (n), carbon (c), soluble sugars, starch and chlorophyll were measured in current-year and 1-year-old needles during the second year of co(2) enrichment. the elevated co(2) treatment stimulated photosynthetic rates when measured at the growth co(2) conc ... | 2000 | 12651467 |