Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| effects of climatic warming on cold hardiness of some northern woody plants assessed from simulation experiments. | effects of climatic warming on cold hardiness were investigated for some northern woody plants. in the first experiment, seedlings of norway spruce (picea abies [l.] karst.), scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and lodgepole pine (pinus contorta dougl. var. latifolia engelm.) were exposed to naturally fluctuating temperatures averaging -6 degrees c (ambient) and 0 degrees c (elevated) for 16 weeks in midwinter before they were thawed and re-saturated with water. in lodgepole pine, needle sugar conc ... | 2001 | 11319017 |
| hydroxymethylation and oxidation of organosolv lignins and utilization of the products. | organosolv lignins obtained from eucalyptus grandis, sugarcane bagasse and picea abies by acetosolv, formacell and organocell processes were characterized, fractionated and converted to hydroxymethylated and oxidized products. the reactivity of lignins with formaldehyde did not improve significantly with the fractionation. both eucalyptus acetosolv (eac) and eucalyptus formacell (efo) lignins retained high heterogeneity in relation to the molecular weight distribution but not in relation to stru ... | 2001 | 11480918 |
| increased understanding of nutrient immobilization in soil organic matter is critical for predicting the carbon sink strength of forest ecosystems over the next 100 years. | the terrestrial biosphere is currently thought to be a significant sink for atmospheric carbon (c). however, the future course of this sink under rising [co2] and temperature is uncertain. some contrasting possibilities that have been suggested are: that the sink is currently increasing through co2 fertilization of plant growth but will decline over the next few decades because of co2 saturation and soil nutrient constraints; that the sink will continue to increase over the next century because ... | 2001 | 11498330 |
| mean canopy stomatal conductance responses to water and nutrient availabilities in picea abies and pinus taeda. | we compared sap-flux-scaled, mean, canopy stomatal conductance (gs) between picea abies (l.) karst. in sweden and pinus taeda (l.) in north carolina, both growing on nutritionally poor soils. stomatal conductance of picea abies was approximately half that of pinus taeda and the sensitivity of gs in picea abies to vapor pressure deficit (d) was lower than in pinus taeda. optimal fertilization increased leaf area index (l) two- and threefold in pinus taeda and picea abies, respectively, regardless ... | 2001 | 11498331 |
| effects of nutrition and soil water availability on water use in a norway spruce stand. | we investigated effects of nutrition and soil water availability on sap flux density, transpiration per unit leaf area (el), and canopy stomatal conductance (gs) of norway spruce (picea abies l. (karst.)) in northern sweden during the 1996 growing season. our objectives were to determine (1) if artificially imposed drought (65% rain diversion) reduces soil water sufficiently to cause physiological limitations to whole-tree and plot-scale water transport, and (2) whether increased capacity for wa ... | 2001 | 11498332 |
| carbon dioxide exchange in norway spruce at the shoot, tree and ecosystem scale. | net co2 exchange in a 35-year-old boreal norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) forest in northern sweden was measured at the shoot (nse), tree (nte) and ecosystem levels (nee) by means of shoot cuvettes, whole-tree chambers and the eddy covariance technique, respectively. we compared the dynamics of gross primary production (gpp) at the three levels during the course of a single week. the diurnal dynamics of gpp at each level were estimated by subtracting half-hourly or hourly model-estimated ... | 2001 | 11498344 |
| molecular identification of fine roots of trees from the alps: reliable and fast dna extraction and pcr-rflp analyses of plastid dna. | fine roots of trees are intensively used as indicators to assess soil alterations, e.g. those owing to atmospheric inputs of acidifying substances, but their identification to species with morphological criteria is difficult. in this study, we established molecular techniques in order to identify fine roots of the 30 most common tree species of the alps. we developed a protocol for efficient isolation of dna from fine roots with extraction of dna in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (pvp) and ... | 2001 | 11555251 |
| changes in fine root production and longevity in relation to water and nutrient availability in a norway spruce stand in northern sweden. | effects of irrigation and liquid fertilization on fine root (< 1 mm) production and longevity, and fine root (< 0.5-2 mm) biomass were studied in a norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) stand in northern sweden. fine root length production and longevity were measured by the minirhizotron technique at 0-10 cm depth in the following treatments: irrigation (i), liquid fertilization (il) and control (c). standing root biomass and root length density (rld) were studied in the litter-fermented humus ... | 2001 | 11560819 |
| comparison of the element composition in several plant species and their substrate from a 1500000-km2 area in northern europe. | leaves of 9 different plant species (terrestrial moss represented by: hylocomium splendens and pleurozium schreberi; and 7 species of vascular plants: blueberry, vaccinium myrtillus; cowberry, vaccinium titis-idaea; crowberry, empetrum nigrum; birch, betula pubescens; willow, salix spp.; pine, pinus sylvestris and spruce, picea abies) have been collected from up to 9 catchments (size 14-50 km2) spread over a 1500000 km2 area in northern europe. soil samples were taken of the o-horizon and of the ... | 2001 | 11669279 |
| influence of extreme pollution on the inorganic chemical composition of some plants. | leaves of nine different plant species (terrestrial moss: hylocomium splendens and pleurozium schreberi, blueberry: vaccinium myrtillus, cowberry: vaccinium vitis-idaea, crowberry: empetrum nigrum, birch: betula pubescens, willow: salix spp., pine: pinus sylvestris, and spruce: picea abies) have been collected from up to nine catchments (size 14-50 km2) spread over a 1,500,000 km2 area in northern europe. additional soil samples were taken from the o-horizon and the c-horizon at each plant sampl ... | 2001 | 11706797 |
| growth of conifer seedlings on organic and inorganic nitrogen sources. | effects of organic and inorganic nitrogen sources on growth and mineral nutrient concentrations of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) seedlings were compared in a 100-day experiment in a greenhouse. seedlings were grown in pots containing peat. nutrient solutions differing in ammonium, nitrate, arginine and glycine composition were supplied to the seedlings at three nitrogen (n) concentrations: 1, 3 and 10 mm. we used dual (13c, 15n) and single (15n) iso ... | 2001 | 11731342 |
| the evolution of ty1-copia group retrotransposons in gymnosperms. | a diverse collection of ty1-copia group retrotransposons has been characterized from the genome of picea abies (norway spruce) by degenerate pcr amplification of a region of the reverse transcriptase gene. the occurrence of these retrotransposable elements in the gymnosperms was investigated by southern blot hybridization analysis. the distribution of the different retrotransposons across the gymnosperms varies greatly. all of the retrotransposon clones isolated are highly conserved within the p ... | 2001 | 11158374 |
| endogenous nod-factor-like signal molecules promote early somatic embryo development in norway spruce. | embryogenic cultures of norway spruce (picea abies) are composed of pro-embryogenic masses (pems) and somatic embryos of various developmental stages. auxin is important for pem formation and proliferation. in this report we show that depletion of auxin blocks pem development and causes large-scale cell death. extracts of the media conditioned by embryogenic cultures stimulate development of pem aggregates in auxin-deficient cultures. partial characterization of the conditioning factor shows tha ... | 2002 | 11842156 |
| identification of a hydrophobin gene that is developmentally regulated in the ectomycorrhizal fungus tricholoma terreum. | the symbiosis between ectomycorrhizal fungi and trees is an essential part of forest ecology and depends entirely on the communication between the two partners for establishing and maintaining the relationship. the identification and characterization of differentially expressed genes is a step to identifying such signals and to understanding the regulation of this process. we determined the role of hydrophobins produced by tricholoma terreum in mycorrhiza formation and hyphal development. a hydr ... | 2002 | 11872494 |
| altered lignin structure and resistance to pathogens in spi 2-expressing tobacco plants. | the physiological role of the norway spruce [ picea abies (l.) karst.] spi 2 gene, encoding a defense-related cationic peroxidase was examined in transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.). expression of spi 2, under control of the 35s promoter, in tobacco plants resulted in higher total peroxidase activities. the phenotype of the spi 2-transformed lines was normal. the spi 2-transformed lines displayed lignin levels similar to levels in the control line, but with some alteration in lignin histoc ... | 2002 | 11882939 |
| requirement for far-red light to maintain secondary needle extension growth in northern but not southern populations of pinus sylvestris (scots pine). | extension growth of secondary needles is under photoperiodic control in pinus sylvestris. to test for the effects of far-red light on maintaining this extension growth, seedlings of six populations originating from latitudes between 57 degrees and 67 degrees n were raised for 11 weeks in continuous incandescent (metal halogen) light at 300 &mgr;mol m-2 s-1 and 20 degrees c and then transferred at the same temperature to a daily regime of 8 h incandescent light (230 &mgr;mol m-2 s-1) followed by ... | 2002 | 11903967 |
| minimum cuticular conductance and cuticle features of picea abies and pinus cembra needles along an altitudinal gradient in the dolomites (ne italian alps). | winter desiccation is believed to contribute to stress in coniferous trees growing at the treeline because cuticular conductance increases with altitude. to test whether winter desiccation occurs in high-altitude conifers of the dolomites (ne italian alps), we measured minimum cuticular conductance (g(min)), needle wettability (contact angle) and cuticle thickness in picea abies (l.) karst. and pinus cembra l. needles from december to august. samples were collected from adult trees along an alti ... | 2002 | 11986051 |
| methyl jasmonate induces traumatic resin ducts, terpenoid resin biosynthesis, and terpenoid accumulation in developing xylem of norway spruce stems. | norway spruce (picea abies l. karst) produces an oleoresin characterized by a diverse array of terpenoids, monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, and diterpene resin acids that can protect conifers against potential herbivores and pathogens. oleoresin accumulates constitutively in resin ducts in the cortex and phloem (bark) of norway spruce stems. de novo formation of traumatic resin ducts (tds) is observed in the developing secondary xylem (wood) after insect attack, fungal elicitation, and mechanic ... | 2002 | 12114556 |
| a promoter from the loblolly pine ptnip1;1 gene directs expression in an early-embryogenesis and suspensor-specific fashion. | the ptnip1;1 gene encodes an aquaglyceroporin that is expressed early in embryogenesis and appears to be expressed preferentially in the suspensor [v.t. ciavatta et al. (2001) plant physiol 127:211-224]. an 899-bp fragment 5' to the ptnip1;1 open reading frame (nip(-899)) was cloned from loblolly pine (pinus taeda l.) genomic dna and fused to the beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene. the resulting plasmid, pnip-gus, was transformed into norway spruce (picea abies l.) embryogenic cultures by co ... | 2002 | 12172854 |
| midday stomatal closure in norway spruce--reactions in the upper and lower crown. | we used local microclimatic conditions and twig sap flow rates to interpret midday stomatal closure in the canopies of two 250-year-old norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) trees at a subalpine site in the swiss alps (1,650 m a.s.l.). both trees showed midday stomatal closure on most clear summer days, despite the permanently wet soil. we used a modified penman-monteith formula to simulate potential transpiration of single twigs (et(t)) based on high-resolution temporal and spatial microclima ... | 2002 | 12414372 |
| leaching of nitrogen and phosphorus during production of forest seedlings in containers. | little information is available concerning the contamination risk caused by forest seedling nurseries to local surface and ground waters compared with agricultural and horticultural production. leaching of nitrogen (n) and phosphorus (p) through peat growing medium in containers and nutrient uptake of seedlings were monitored in production of silver birch (betula pendula roth), norway spruce [picea abies (l.) karst], and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) seedlings. about half of the applied nutri ... | 2002 | 12469836 |
| comparison of different methods for lignin determination as a basis for calibration of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy and implications of lignoproteins. | three commonly employed methods for lignin determination, i.e., the thioglycolic acid (tga), the acetylbromide (ab), and the acid detergent fiber (adf) method, were compared using leaves and xylem tissue from five species (nicotiana tabacum, populus x canescens, fagus sylvatica, quercus robur, and picea abies). in each case, cell walls were isolated before lignin determination. each of the three methods estimated a different lignin concentration in a given tissue, except for spruce wood. the "li ... | 2002 | 12564795 |
| trinucleotide microsatellites in norway spruce ( picea abies): their features and the development of molecular markers. | trinucleotide microsatellites have proven to be the markers of choice in human genetic analysis because they are easier to genotype than dinucleotides. their development can be more time-consuming due to their lower abundance in the genome. we isolated trinucleotide microsatellites in norway spruce ( picea abies k.) using an enrichment procedure for the genomic-library construction. here we report on the characterisation of 85 atc microsatellite-containing clones, from which 39 markers were deve ... | 2002 | 12582869 |
| age-related effects on leaf area/sapwood area relationships, canopy transpiration and carbon gain of norway spruce stands (picea abies) in the fichtelgebirge, germany. | stand age is an important structural determinant of canopy transpiration (e(c)) and carbon gain. another more functional parameter of forest structure is the leaf area/sapwood area relationship, a(l)/a(s), which changes with site conditions and has been used to estimate leaf area index of forest canopies. the interpretation of age-related changes in a(l)/a(s) and the question of how a(l)/a(s) is related to forest functions are of current interest because they may help to explain forest canopy fl ... | 2002 | 12045028 |
| stomatal conductance alone does not explain the decline in foliar photosynthetic rates with increasing tree age and size in picea abies and pinus sylvestris. | foliar light-saturated net assimilation rates (a) generally decrease with increasing tree height (h) and tree age (y), but it is unclear whether the decline in a is attributable to size- and age-related modifications in foliage morphology (needle dry mass per unit projected area; m(a)), nitrogen concentration, stomatal conductance to water vapor (g), or biochemical foliage potentials for photosynthesis (maximum carboxylase activity of rubisco; v(cmax)). i studied the influences of h and y on fol ... | 2002 | 12045025 |
| biological activity of soil organic matter mobilized by root exudates. | in order to study the biological activity of soil organic matter mobilized by agrarian (zea mays: cultivars mytos and samantha) and forest (picea abies karst. and pinus sylvestris l.) root exudates, two different soils, an eutric cambisol (ec) and a rendzic leptosol (rl), were considered. soil organic matter extracts were obtained by treating the soils with water (control) or plant root exudates. the extracts were characterized by hormone-like activities and gas chromatographic/mass spectrometri ... | 2002 | 11999770 |
| effects of phloem girdling in conifers on apical control of branches, growth allocation and air in wood. | we investigated effects of stem phloem girdles on apical control of branch angle, stem and branch growth and stem air content in six conifer species. a stem girdle 2 cm above a branch caused the branch to bend upward in all six species. upward bending was associated with increased formation and action of compression wood (cw) in the lower portion of the branch. compression wood also formed in the main stem below the branch, suggesting increased auxin production in the branch. a stem girdle 2 cm ... | 2002 | 11960759 |
| nitrate reductase activity in some subarctic species and uv influence in the foliage of betula pendula roth. seedlings. | nitrate reductase (nr) activity was studied in the foliage of five subarctic species: mature trees of european white birch (betula pubescens erch. s.s.), scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.), norway spruce (picea abies l. karst), ericaceous shrub bilberry (vaccinium myrtillus l.), naturally growing in a forest, and seed-grown silver birch (betula pendula roth.) seedlings in an ultraviolet (uv) exclusion field experiment at the pallas-ounastunturi national park in finnish lapland (68 degrees n). mean ... | 2002 | 11846159 |
| intraspecific variation in heterobasidion annosum for mortality rate on pinus sylvestris and picea abies seedlings grown in pure culture. | one-month-old scots pine (pinus sylvestris) and norway spruce (picea abies) seedlings were inoculated in vitro with heterobasidion annosum strains, four each of the p-, s- and f-intersterility groups. variation among strains and between the is groups in virulence, expressed in mortality rate, was detected during twelve months after inoculation. most of the strains were more virulent on spruce than on pine, and mortality of spruce seedlings was significantly higher. the p strains displayed simila ... | 2002 | 21156559 |
| heterologous array analysis in pinaceae: hybridization of pinus taeda cdna arrays with cdna from needles and embryogenic cultures of p. taeda, p. sylvestris or picea abies. | hybridization of labelled cdna from various cell types with high-density arrays of expressed sequence tags is a powerful technique for investigating gene expression. few conifer cdna libraries have been sequenced. because of the high level of sequence conservation between pinus and picea we have investigated the use of arrays from one genus for studies of gene expression in the other. the partial cdnas from 384 identifiable genes expressed in differentiating xylem of pinus taeda were printed on ... | 2002 | 18629264 |
| application of methyl jasmonate on picea abies (pinaceae) stems induces defense-related responses in phloem and xylem. | application of 100 mmol/l methyl jasmonate (mj) to the intact bark of 30-yr-old norway spruce induced anatomical reactions related to defense. within 30 d, a single mj treatment induced swelling of existing polyphenolic parenchyma cells (pp cells) and an increase in their phenolic contents and formation of additional pp cells and of traumatic resin ducts (tds) at the cambial zone. these changes occurred up to 7 cm away from the application zone. treatment enhanced resin flow and increased resist ... | 2002 | 21665658 |
| molecular cytogenetic analysis of podocarpus and comparison with other gymnosperm species. | dna sequences have been mapped to the chromosomes of podocarpus species from new zealand and australia by fluorescent in situ hybridization. unlike other conifers, these species show only one pair of major sites of 45s rdna genes, and two additional minor sites were seen in the australian p. lawrencei. unusually, 45s sequences collocalize to the same chromosomal region as the 5s rdna. the telomere probe (tttaggg)n hybridizes to the ends of all chromosomes as well as to a large number of small si ... | 2002 | 12096809 |
| consequences of elevated co2, augmented nitrogen-deposition and soil type on the soluble nitrogen and sulphur in the phloem of beech (fagus sylvatica) and spruce (picea abies) in a competitive situation. | mixed spruce-beech plantations grown in large open-top chambers (otc) were used to study consequences of elevated co2, nitrogen-deposition and soil type on plant internal nitrogen and sulphur cycling of juvenile beech (fagus sylvatica l.) and spruce (picea abies karst.) in a competitive situation. processes of re-cycling as a consequence of protein turnover during leaf senescence in autumn were of further interest. for this purpose, phloem sap was collected in september 1998 and analysed for the ... | 2002 | 12060244 |
| ophiostoma kryptum sp. nov. from larix decidua and picea abies in europe, similar to o. minus. | an unknown species of ophiostoma was isolated from european larch (larix decidua) infested by tetropium gabrieli (coleoptera: cerambycidae) and norway spruce (picea abies) infested by tetropium sp. in austria. the fungus is similar to o. minus, but distinguished from it by the ecology, colony morphologies on oa and mea, and phylogenetic analysis of aligned dna sequences of the its region of the rdna operon and the partial beta-tubulin gene. it is described here as o. kryptum sp. nov. the new spe ... | 2003 | 14635771 |
| colonisation of spruce roots by two interacting ectomycorrhizal fungi in wood ash amended substrates. | interactions between two ectomycorrhizal fungal species, piloderma croceum erikss. and hjortst. and piloderma sp. 1 (found to colonise spruce roots and wood ash granules in the field), were investigated in wood ash amended substrates. the comparative ability of these fungi to colonise roots of non-mycorrhizal spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) seedlings was studied in relation to factorial combinations of wood ash and n fertilisation. non-mycorrhizal spruce seedlings (bait seedlings) were planted ... | 2003 | 12694914 |
| taxonomic re-evaluation of three related species of graphium, based on morphology, ecology and phylogeny. | two fungi associated with bark beetles, graphium pseudormiticum (described in 1994) and rhexographium fimbriisporum (described in 1995), have two micromorphological characters in common. both species produce conidia with conspicuous basal frills, and the conidia align in chains, despite being produced in slime. the association of g. pseudormiticum with the pine bark beetle, orthotomicus erosus, and the association of r. fimbriisporum with the spruce bark beetle, ips typographus, suggest ecologic ... | 2003 | 21148980 |
| detecting differences in crown transparency assessments between countries using the image analysis system croco. | estimates of crown transparency calculated using the semi-automatic image analysis system croco were compared with the visual estimates of survey teams from 12 european countries. for each of five european species (norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.), silver fir (abies alba mill.), scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.), beech (fagus sylvatica l.), oak (quercus robur l.)) 15 trees were assessed. in 64% of the comparisons, croco estimates and the survey teams' scores differed significantly, while d ... | 2003 | 14632089 |
| the dal10 gene from norway spruce (picea abies) belongs to a potentially gymnosperm-specific subclass of mads-box genes and is specifically active in seed cones and pollen cones. | transcription factors encoded by different members of the mads-box gene family have evolved central roles in the regulation of reproductive organ development in the flowering plants, the angiosperms. development of the stamens and carpels, the pollen- and seed-bearing organs, involves the b- and c-organ-identity mads-box genes. b- and c-type gene orthologs with activities specifically in developing pollen- and seed-bearing organs are also present in the distantly related gymnosperms: the conifer ... | 2003 | 14984037 |
| repeated freeze-thaw cycles induce embolism in drought stressed conifers (norway spruce, stone pine). | freezing and thawing lead to xylem embolism when gas bubbles caused by ice formation expand during the thaw process. however, previous experimental studies indicated that conifers are resistant to freezing-induced embolism, unless xylem pressure becomes very negative during the freezing. in this study, we show that conifers experienced freezing-induced embolism when exposed to repeated freeze-thaw cycles and simultaneously to drought. simulating conditions at the alpine timberline (128 days with ... | 2003 | 14520570 |
| drought stress alters the concentration of wood terpenoids in scots pine and norway spruce seedlings. | drought is known to have an impact on the resistance of conifers to various pests, for example, by affecting resin flow in trees. little is known, however, about the quantitative and qualitative changes in resin when trees are growing in low moisture conditions. we exposed scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) seedlings to medium and severe drought stress for two growing seasons and analyzed the monoterpenes and resin acids in the main stem wood after two y ... | 2003 | 14584671 |
| juvenile nitrogen uptake capacities and root architecture of two open-pollinated families of picea abies. effects of nitrogen source and ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. | this study was carried out to find early physiological differences occurring in young seedlings between two contrasting picea abies open-pollinated families (opf), one with high- and one with low-growth performance in the field by, determining their n uptake capacities and their root architecture. we used three potential n-sources in forest soil solution, no3-, nh4+ and amino acids, to establish n uptake rates by the plants, whether or not associated with a fungus isolated from the field and ide ... | 2003 | 14610890 |
| albatrellus citrinus sp. nov., connected to picea abies on lime rich soils. | field observations indicated that a morphotype of albatrellus subrubescens seemed connected to picea abies and lime rich soils, while the original morphotype seemed connected with pinus sylvestris and indifferent to lime. we conducted a molecular study (its sequencing of 22 albatrellus specimens) to test the hypothesis that we in fact had discovered a new species. our results confirmed the hypothesis, i.e. the picea taxon (604 bp its) had little intraspecific variation in spite of 1600 km distan ... | 2003 | 14635772 |
| winter at the alpine timberline. why does embolism occur in norway spruce but not in stone pine? | conifers growing at the alpine timberline are exposed to frost drought and freeze-thaw cycles during winter-stress factors known to induce embolism in tree xylem. the two dominant species of the european central alps timberline were studied: norway spruce (picea abies [l.] karst) and stone pine (pinus cembra), which usually reaches higher altitudes. we hypothesized to find embolism only at the timberline and to observe less embolism in stone pine than in norway spruce due to avoidance mechanisms ... | 2003 | 12586902 |
| maldi-tof mass spectrometry and psd fragmentation as means for the analysis of condensed tannins in plant leaves and needles. | maldi-tof mass spectrometry and 13c nmr spectroscopy were applied to unveil typical characteristics of condensed tannins of leaves and needles from willow (salix alba), spruce (picea abies) and beech (fagus sylvatica) of three tree species that are ubiquitous in german forests and landscapes. for further evaluation, lime (tilia cordata) was included. the 13c nmr spectroscopy confirmed the purity of the condensed tannin fractions and the efficiency of the procedure used for their extraction. whil ... | 2003 | 12591272 |
| traumatic resin defense in norway spruce (picea abies): methyl jasmonate-induced terpene synthase gene expression, and cdna cloning and functional characterization of (+)-3-carene synthase. | picea abies (l.) karst. (norway spruce) employs constitutive and induced resin terpenoids as major chemical and physical defense-shields against insects and pathogens. in recent work, we showed that a suite of terpenoids, monoterpenoids and diterpenoids was induced in stems of norway spruce after treatment of trees with methyl jasmonate (meja) (martin et al., 2002). increase of enzyme activities of terpenoid biosynthesis and accumulation of terpenoids was associated with meja-induced de novo dif ... | 2003 | 12602896 |
| survival and development of lymantria monacha (lepidoptera: lymantriidae) on north american and introduced eurasian tree species. | lymantria monacha (l.) (lepidoptera: lymantriidae), the nun moth, is a eurasian pest of conifers that has potential for accidental introduction into north america. to project the potential host range of this insect if introduced into north america, survival and development of l. monacha on 26 north american and eight introduced eurasian tree species were examined. seven conifer species (abies concolor, picea abies, p. glauca, p. pungens, pinus sylvestris with male cones, p. menziesii variety gla ... | 2003 | 12650343 |
| intra- and inter-provenance variability in phloem phenols of picea abies and relationship to a bark beetle-associated fungus. | one hundred norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) clones (three ramets per clone) were analyzed for phloem phenol composition and concentration before and 10 days after wound inoculation with sterile malt agar. fifty clones (experiment 1) belonged to the same provenance, whereas the remaining clones (experiment 2) belonged to five provenances from three geographic areas. in experiment 2, two additional ramets from the same clones were mass inoculated with ceratocystis polonica (siem.) c. morea ... | 2003 | 12566260 |
| inducible anatomical defense responses in norway spruce stems and their possible role in induced resistance. | norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) trees were preinoculated with a sublethal dose of the blue-stain fungus ceratocystis polonica siem. (c. moreau) 1 to 52 weeks before they were mass inoculated with the same fungus. trees pretreated 1 week before mass inoculation had similar, severe symptoms of fungal infection as the control trees. pretreatment 3, 6 or 9 weeks before mass inoculation resulted in effective protection of the trees, reducing pathogenic symptoms by 63-90% relative to the contr ... | 2003 | 12566269 |
| contrasting effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentration and temperature on rubisco activity, chlorophyll fluorescence, needle ultrastructure and secondary metabolites in conifer seedlings. | scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) seedlings were grown for 50 days in growth chambers in an ambient or twice ambient carbon dioxide concentration ([co2]) at a day/night temperature of 19/12 degrees c or 23/16 degrees c. although elevated [co2] (ec) had only slight effects on the growth parameters measured, elevated temperature (et) increased above ground dry mass of both species. among treatments, biomass accumulation of both species was greatest in the ... | 2003 | 12533304 |
| acidification-induced chemical changes in coniferous forest soils in southern sweden 1988-1999. | thirty-two norway spruce [picea abies (l.) karst.] and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) stands in southern sweden were studied for a period of 12 years to evaluate acidification-induced chemical changes in the soil. soil, at 20-30 cm depth in the mineral layer, was sampled three times during this period (1988, 1993 and 1999). the results show that ph(bacl2) in mineral soil decreased by, on average, 0.17 units between 1988 and 1999, accompanied by an increase in aluminium (al) concentration and a ... | 2003 | 12663207 |
| effects of deicing salt on the vitality and health of two spruce species, picea abies karst., and picea glehnii masters planted along roadsides in northern japan. | in northern japan, the growth of picea abies karst., and picea glehnii masters, which have been planted along the highways, is often suppressed due to several environmental stresses. to examine the adverse effects of deicing salt, the primary source of stress,we measured needle life span, photosynthetic capacity, and water potential and transpiration rate of the two spruce species at a site with damaged trees, near the roadside and a site with healthy trees, located far from the highway. results ... | 2003 | 12683989 |
| nucleotide diversity at two phytochrome loci along a latitudinal cline in pinus sylvestris. | forest tree species provide many examples of well-studied adaptive differentiation, where the search for the underlying genes might be possible. in earlier studies and in our common conditions in a greenhouse, northern populations set bud earlier than southern ones. a difference in latitude of origin of one degree corresponded to a change of 1.4 days in number of days to terminal bud set of seedlings. earlier physiological and ecological genetics work in conifers and other plants have suggested ... | 2003 | 12694283 |
| conifer needles as passive biomonitors of the spatial and temporal distribution of ddt from a point source. | needles of two conifer species, picea abies and pinus nigra, were used as passive samplers for monitoring air contamination by sampling at increasing distances from a suspected point source of ddt. needle concentrations declined with increasing distance downwind of the point source allowing to identify spatial and temporal trends of accumulation. this suggested that conifer needles are effective biomonitors of contamination levels in areas characterized by the presence of semi-volatile substance ... | 2003 | 12757779 |
| primary resource capture in two sympatric armillaria species in managed norway spruce forests. | the ability of the preferentially saprotrophic fungus armillaria cepistipes and the pathogenic a. ostoyae to capture fresh stump resources was investigated in managed alpine norway spruce (picea abies) forests where both species occur sympatrically. the incidence of armillaria species and genets as rhizomorphs in the soil as well as external and internal (heart rot) stump colonisation were determined in three comparable 1 ha plots. the results indicate that a. cepistipes and a. ostoyae have a ve ... | 2003 | 12825502 |
| genetic transformation of conifers and its application in forest biotechnology. | genetic modification of conifers through gene transfer technology is now an important field in forest biotechnology. two basic methodologies, particle bombardment and agrobacterium-mediated transformation, have been used on conifers. the use of particle bombardment has produced stable transgenic plants in picea abies, p. glauca, p. mariana, and pinus radiata. transgenic plants have been produced from larix decidua, picea abies, p. glauca, p. mariana, pinus strobus, p. taeda, and p. radiata via a ... | 2003 | 12827443 |
| comparative effects of auxin transport inhibitors on rhizogenesis and mycorrhizal establishment of spruce seedlings inoculated with laccaria bicolor. | we compared the effects of two auxin transport inhibitors (2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (tiba) and 1-n-naphthylphthalamic acid (npa)) on rhizogenesis and mycorrhizal establishment of picea abies l. (karst.) seedlings inoculated with laccaria bicolor s238n (maire) orton. inoculation of seedlings with l. bicolor under in vitro conditions strongly increased host root and shoot growth. although tiba had no effect on taproot growth, npa decreased taproot growth and deformed the root apex into a globular ... | 2003 | 12839732 |
| crown condition surveys in italian forests: issues in reporting findings. | this study examines defoliation and discoloration findings collected throughout the italian level i network between 1997 and 2000. prior to this period no quality assurance procedures had been implemented, so that earlier findings cannot be considered reliable. the aim of the study is to compare different indices used in reporting findings, in order to determine the full potential and limitations of each. in international surveys, findings are normally expressed in terms of individual trees pres ... | 2003 | 12841687 |
| the putative gymnosperm plant defensin polypeptide (spi1) accumulates after seed germination, is not readily released, and the spi1 levels are reduced in pythium dimorphum-infected spruce roots. | the putative plant defensin spi1 cdna from the conifer norway spruce (picea abies) is the only known plant defensin-like sequence from a gymnosperm. the predicted translational product spi1 was not detected in the embryo or other parts of the seed by means of antibodies, but it accumulated in the root cortex after germination. in roots of seedlings infected with the root pathogenic oomycete pythium dimorphum and the blue stain fungus ceratocystis polonica, variable levels of spi1 was detected du ... | 2003 | 12856937 |
| quantifying ozone uptake at the canopy level of spruce, pine and larch trees at the alpine timberline: an approach based on sap flow measurement. | micro-climatic and ambient ozone data were combined with measurements of sap flow through tree trunks in order to estimate whole-tree ozone uptake of adult norway spruce (picea abies), cembran pine (pinus cembra), and european larch (larix decidua) trees. sap flow was monitored by means of the heat balance approach in two trees of each species during the growing season of 1998. in trees making up the stand canopy, the ozone uptake by evergreen foliages was significantly higher than by deciduous ... | 2003 | 12860097 |
| brassinolide improves embryogenic tissue initiation in conifers and rice. | somatic embryogenesis (se), the most promising technology for the large-scale production of high-value coniferous trees from advanced breeding and genetic engineering programs, is expected to play an important role in increasing productivity, sustainability, and the uniformity of future u.s. forests. to be successful for commercial use, se technology must work with a variety of genetically diverse trees. initiation in loblolly pine ( pinus taeda l.), our main focus species, is often recalcitrant ... | 2003 | 12879262 |
| seasonal changes in stem radius and production of new tracheids in norway spruce. | the progress of xylem formation in norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) was measured during one growing season in southern finland. stem radius was monitored continuously with band dendrometers, and the formation of new tracheids was determined by examination of small increment cores taken twice weekly. tracheid production started in june and ceased in august. xylem formation was fastest in early july, when 0.75-1.25 new tracheids were formed per day. the rate of xylem formation was significa ... | 2003 | 12952782 |
| developmental lignification and seasonal variation in beta-glucosidase and peroxidase activities in xylem of scots pine, norway spruce and silver birch. | we examined the relationship between beta-glucosidase and peroxidase activities and xylem lignification in the stems of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.), norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) and silver birch (betula pendula roth) during the 1999 growing season. examination of stem cross sections stained with safranin and alcian blue for lignin and cellulose, respectively, indicated that radial growth of pine and spruce xylem began in late may, whereas the growth of birch xylem was initiated 2 ... | 2003 | 12952784 |
| the dibenzodioxocin lignin substructure is abundant in the inner part of the secondary wall in norway spruce and silver birch xylem. | a specific condensed lignin substructure, dibenzodioxocin, was immunolocalized in differentiating cell walls of norway spruce ( picea abies (l.) h. karsten) and silver birch ( betula pendula roth) xylem. a fluorescent probe, alexa 488 was used as a marker on the dibenzodioxocin-specific secondary antibody. for the detection of this lignin substructure, 25-microm cross-sections of xylem were viewed with a confocal laser-scanning microscope with fluorescein isothiocyanate fluorescence filters. in ... | 2004 | 13680231 |
| the timing of bud burst and its effect on tree growth. | a phenology model for estimating the timings of bud burst--one of the most influential phenological phases for the simulation of tree growth--is presented in this study. the model calculates the timings of the leafing of beech (fagus sylvatica l.) and oak (quercus robur l.) and the may shoot of norway spruce (picea abies l.) and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) on the basis of the daily maximum temperature. the data for parameterisation and validation of the model have been taken from 40 climate ... | 2004 | 14564495 |
| tree rings as pb pollution archives? a comparison of 206pb/207pb isotope ratios in pine and other environmental media. | tree rings, if validated as an environmental archive for pollution, would provide a convenient, geographically widespread archive for studying the temporal and spatial distribution of atmospheric pollutants. we collected tree-ring records from scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.), ranging in age from 100 to 300 years and from one spruce (picea abies), from sites in southern and northern sweden and analyzed their stable lead isotopic composition (206pb/207pb). these results are compared to the pb iso ... | 2004 | 14967509 |
| a full saturated linkage map of picea abies including aflp, ssr, estp, 5s rdna and morphological markers. | based on an f(1) progeny of 73 individuals, two parental maps were constructed according to the double pseudo-test cross strategy. the paternal map contained 16 linkage groups for a total genetic length of 1,792 cm. the maternal map covered 1,920 cm, and consisted of 12 linkage groups. these parental maps were then integrated using 66 intercross markers. the resulting consensus map covered 2,035 cm and included 755 markers (661 aflps, 74 ssrs, 18 estps, the 5s rdna and the early cone formation t ... | 2004 | 14991106 |
| induced responses to pathogen infection in norway spruce phloem: changes in polyphenolic parenchyma cells, chalcone synthase transcript levels and peroxidase activity. | polyphenolic parenchyma cells (pp cells) in norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) stem phloem play important roles in constitutive and inducible defenses. to determine whether anatomical and molecular changes in pp cells are correlated with tree resistance, we infected two norway spruce clones with the pathogenic fungus ceratocystis polonica (siem.) c. moreau. the fungus induced significantly different lesion lengths in the two clones, indicating that one clone was more resistant to the fungus ... | 2004 | 14996655 |
| forest health status in the carpathian mountains over the period 1997-2001. | the results of forest health status assessments in the carpathian mountains from the monitoring networks developed by the european union scheme on the protection of forest against atmospheric pollution (eu scheme) and international co-operative programme on assessment and monitoring of air pollution effects on forests (icp-forests), have led to a better understanding of the impact of air pollution and other stressors on forests at the regional scale. during the period 1997-2001, forests in the c ... | 2004 | 15046844 |
| chemopreventive effects of hydroxymatairesinol on uterine carcinogenesis in donryu rats. | hydroxymatairesinol (hmr), obtained from the heartwood of spruce (picea abies), has been demonstrated to exert chemo-preventive effects on the development of mammary tumors in rats. to examine the influence of hmr on uterine carcinogenesis, adult donryu rats were initiated with a single intrauterine treatment of n-ethyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine (enng) at 11 weeks of age and fed thereafter 0, 200, or 600 ppm hmr mixed in the soy-containing diet until 15 months of age. incidences of uterine ade ... | 2004 | 15096654 |
| the rapid yellowing of spruce at a mountain site in the central black forest (germany). combined effects of mg deficiency and ozone on biochemical, physiological and structural properties of the chloroplasts. | biochemical, physiological and ultrastructural changes of the chloroplasts were examined in the course of the rapid yellowing process of spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) at a mg-deficient and ozone polluted mountain site (schöllkopf mountain, central black forest, germany, 840 m a.s.l.). while at an early stage of yellowing the chlorophyll (chl) content of the needles decreased slowly, significant changes occurred in the chloroplasts: the lability of the light-harvesting chl a/b protein complex ... | 2004 | 15128030 |
| avoidance of nonhost plants by a bark beetle, pityogenes bidentatus, in a forest of odors. | the bark beetle, pityogenes bidentatus (coleoptera: scolytidae), searches in mixed conifer and deciduous forests of northern europe for suitable branches of its host, scots pine ( pinus sylvestris). we tested whether odors from several diverse nonhost trees and plants common in the habitat (e.g., mountain ash, sorbus aucuparia; oak, quercus robur; alder buckthorn, frangula alnus; blueberry, vaccinium myrtillus; raspberry, rubus idaeus; and grass, deschampsia flexuosa) would reduce the attraction ... | 2004 | 15146267 |
| boron retranslocation in scots pine and norway spruce. | we previously traced 10b-enriched boric acid from shoots to roots to demonstrate the translocation of boron (b) in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) and norway spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) seedlings. to gain a more detailed understanding of b translocation, we sought: (1) to demonstrate b retranslocation directly, by showing that foliar-applied 10b is located in the new growth after dormancy; and (2) to assess whether shoot-applied b affects growth in the long term. we applied 10b-enriched bo ... | 2004 | 15234898 |
| mono and diterpene production in escherichia coli. | mono- and diterpenoids are of great industrial and medical value as specialty chemicals and pharmaceuticals. production of these compounds in microbial hosts, such as escherichia coli, can be limited by intracellular levels of the polyprenyl diphosphate precursors, geranyl diphosphate (gpp), and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (ggpp). to alleviate this limitation, we constructed synthetic operons that express three key enzymes for biosynthesis of these precursors: (1). dxs,1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosph ... | 2004 | 15236249 |
| evidence for subdivision of the root-endophyte phialocephala fortinii into cryptic species and recombination within species. | the genetic structure of the root-endophyte phialocephala fortinii was analyzed in three study sites using 11 single-copy rflp probes. a total of 541 strains isolated from surface-sterilized, fine roots (diameter 0.5-3 mm) of norway spruce (picea abies) were examined. the average gene diversity (h) was high in all three study sites. cluster analysis showed that up to four well-separated clusters of multi-locus haplotypes were present within the sites. significant population subdivision was detec ... | 2004 | 15275663 |
| variation in transcript abundance during somatic embryogenesis in gymnosperms. | somatic embryogenesis of norway spruce (picea abies l.) is a versatile model system to study molecular mechanisms regulating embryo development because it proceeds through defined developmental stages corresponding to specific culture treatments. normal embryonic development involves early differentiation of proembryogenic masses (pems) into somatic embryos, followed by early and late embryogeny leading to the formation of mature cotyledonary embryos. in some cell lines there is a developmental ... | 2004 | 15294754 |
| biogeochemistry of organotin compounds and tin in a forested catchment in germany. | organotin compounds (otc) are highly toxic pollutants that have been shown to affect many aquatic ecosystems. little is known about the input and fate of otc in terrestrial ecosystems. here, soil pools, concentrations and fluxes in bulk precipitation, throughfall, fog, litterfall and runoff of otc and sntotal were investigated in a forested ecosystem (picea abies, karst.) in ne bavaria, germany. the concentrations of otc and sntotal were generally in the order fog>throughfall>bulk precipitation. ... | 2004 | 15336905 |
| leaching of dissolved organic carbon and carbon dioxide emission after compost application to six nutrient-depleted forest soils. | the objective of this study was to assess the effect of compost application on soil respiration and dissolved organic carbon (doc) output of nutrient-depleted forest soils. an amount of 6.3 kg m(-2) mature compost was applied to the forest floor of european beech (fagus sylvatica l.), norway spruce (picea abies karst.), and scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) stands at soiling and unterlüss, germany. cumulative soil respiration significantly increased by 499 g c m(-2) in the spruce stand at unterlü ... | 2004 | 14964362 |
| dendroremediation of trinitrotoluene (tnt). part 1: literature overview and research concept. | for decades, very large areas of former military sites have been contaminated diffusely with the persistent nitroaromatic explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt). the recalcitrance of the environmental hazard tnt is to a great extent due to its particulate soil existence, which leads to slow but continuous leaching processes. although improper handling during the manufacture of tnt seems to be a problem of the past in developed countries, environmental deposition of tnt and other explosives is sti ... | 2004 | 15341318 |
| bacillus thuringiensis variety kurstaki x aizawai applied to spruce flowers reduced dioryctria abietella (lepidoptera: pyralidae) infestation without affecting seed quality. | we investigated the effects of bacillus thuringiensis variety kurstaki x aizawai (bt) on infestation levels of two lepidopteran insects as well as on seed quality in norway spruce, picea abies l. (karst.) in central sweden. spruce flowers (female strobili) were sprayed with a 0.2% suspension (wt:wt) of the bt preparation turex 50 wp, 25,000 iu/mg in water. to expose even those lepidopteran larvae that feed exclusively embedded within the cone tissue, the bt treatment was applied to open flowers, ... | 2004 | 15666734 |
| similarities and effectiveness of test environments in selecting and deploying desirable genotypes. | rooted cuttings of 40 different clones (genotypes) of picea abies (l.) karst were planted in seven test environments (p, h, l, s, b, m and k) in northern germany. type-b genetic correlations between the pairs of test sites were estimated, and a cluster diagram based on inter-site genetic correlations for height was used to illustrate the general pattern of similarities among the test sites. principal component analysis (pca) showed that the first three principal components explained 97% of the v ... | 2004 | 15672260 |
| gibberellin inhibitors improve embryogenic tissue initiation in conifers. | somatic embryogenesis (se), the most promising technology to multiply high-value coniferous trees from advanced breeding and genetic engineering programs, is expected to play an important role in increasing productivity, sustainability, and uniformity of future forests in the united states. for commercial use, se technology must work with a variety of genetically diverse trees. initiation in loblolly pine (lp; pinus taeda l.), our main focus species, is often recalcitrant for desirable genotypes ... | 2004 | 15688237 |
| effect of chalara longipes on decomposition of humic acids from picea abies needle litter. | the effect of the saprotrophic ascomycete chalara longipes on the decomposition of humic acids was determined in a cultivation experiment. the fungus was incubated in liquid cultures in a full-strength (f system) and an organic nitrogen-free medium (f-n system), both amended with pure humic acids isolated from spruce forest litter. fungal biomass production was highest in the f system with humic acids and lowest in the f-n system, the effect of organic nitrogen and humic acids being significant ... | 2004 | 15702548 |
| new, rare or remarkable microfungi in the italian alps (carnic alps)--part ii--other microfungi. | in addition to the collection of ascomycotina in the carnic alps (see new, rare or remarkable microfungi in the italian alps (carnic alps) part i ) we were able to treasure about 300 species of parasitic and saprophytic microfungi. among them basidiomycetes, ascomycetes and deuteromycets like bostrichonema polygoni (unger) schrot. on polygonum viviparum l., chrysomyxa rhododendri de by on picea abies (l.) karsten, coleosporium tussilaginis (pers.) berk. i=c. cacaliae otth.] on adenostyles glabra ... | 2004 | 15756827 |
| [position of betula ermanii population ecotone in changbai mountains]. | the vegetation on the northern slope of changbai mountains forms a vertical zone due to the vertical differentiation of moisture and heat conditions. ecotones are obviously existed between different vegetation zones, but it is difficult to decide their positions. in the area from 1400 m to 2200 m elevation, we adopted the methods of gradient sampling, fractal analysis, population pattern analysis, and interspecific competition index analysis to describe betula ermanii population ecotone. the res ... | 2004 | 15825429 |
| forest soil respiration rate and delta13c is regulated by recent above ground weather conditions. | soil respiration, a key component of the global carbon cycle, is a major source of uncertainty when estimating terrestrial carbon budgets at ecosystem and higher levels. rates of soil and root respiration are assumed to be dependent on soil temperature and soil moisture yet these factors often barely explain half the seasonal variation in soil respiration. we here found that soil moisture (range 16.5-27.6% of dry weight) and soil temperature (range 8-17.5 degrees c) together explained 55% of the ... | 2004 | 15578226 |
| competition modifies effects of enhanced ozone/carbon dioxide concentrations on carbohydrate and biomass accumulation in juvenile norway spruce and european beech. | elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide ([co2]) and ozone ([o3]) affect primary metabolism of trees in opposite ways. we studied their potential interactions on carbohydrate concentrations and contents. two hypotheses currently under debate were tested. (1) stimulation of primary metabolism by prolonged exposure to elevated [co2] does not compensate for the adverse effects of o3 on carbohydrate accumulation and biomass partitioning to the root. (2) growth in a mixed-species planting will repre ... | 2004 | 15234902 |
| the influence of o3, no2 and so2 on growth of picea abies and fagus sylvatica in the carpathian mountains. | at 17 long-term pollution monitoring sites throughout the carpathian mountains, tree growth patterns and variation in growth rate were examined to determine relationship of tree growth to specific pollutants. canopy dominant picea abies and fagus sylvatica were selected at each site. basal area increment (bai) values were calculated from raw ring widths and used as an estimate of tree growth. across all sites, bai chronologies were highly variable, therefore local conditions and forest structure ... | 2004 | 15046841 |
| chemical and morphological characteristics of key tree species of the carpathian mountains. | concentrations of al, b, ca, cu, fe, k, mg, mn, n, na, p, s and zn in the foliage of white fir (abies alba), norway spruce (picea abies) and common beech (fagus sylvatica) from 25 sites of the carpathian mts. forests (czech republic, poland, romania, slovakia and ukraine) are discussed in a context of their limit values. s/n ratio was different from optimum in 90% of localities when compared with the european limit values. likewise we found increase of fe and cu concentrations compared with thei ... | 2004 | 15046839 |
| vegetation of the selected forest stands and land use in the carpathian mountains. | within the framework of the project "effects of forest health on biodiversity with emphasis on air pollution in the carpathian mountains" 26 permanent study sites were established in the vicinity of the ozone monitoring sites. the study sites were located on the nw-se transect through the western (12 sites), eastern (11 sites) and southern (3 sites) carpathians in forest ecosystems typical of each area. some of the forest monitoring sites were located in national parks, biosphere reserves and ar ... | 2004 | 15046837 |
| effects of soil type, irrigation volume and plant species on treatment of log yard run-off in lysimeters. | wet storage of timber and pulpwood produces large quantities of run-off water. a study was conducted to determine the purification efficiency of soil-plant systems for log yard run-off. sixteen 1200-l lysimeters (1.2 m deep soil columns) with clay or sand soil were planted with willow (salix sp.) or alder (alnus glutinosa), and irrigated with run-off from a norway spruce (picea abies) log yard. drainage water was analysed for total organic carbon (toc), phenols, total p and total n in order to d ... | 2004 | 15325190 |
| crown allometry and growing space efficiency of norway spruce (picea abies [l.] karst.) and european beech (fagus sylvatica l.) in pure and mixed stands. | in pure and mixed stands of norway spruce ( picea abies [l.] karst.) and european beech ( fagus sylvatica l.) we have analyzed crown allometry and growing space efficiency at the tree level and have scaled this from tree level to stand level production. allometry is quantified by the ratio a between the relative growth rates of laterally and vertically oriented tree dimensions. efficiency parameters, eoc for efficiency in space occupation, eex for efficiency in space exploitation, and ebi for ef ... | 2005 | 16388466 |
| spectral multichannel monitoring of radiation within a mature mixed forest. | a multi-sensor system is described based on fiber optic technology and a diode array spectrometer for near-simultaneous measurement of spectral photon fluence rates (pfr) in the range of 360 nm to 1020 nm with a resolution of 0.8 nm, within a mature norway spruce ( picea abies [l.] karst.) - european beech ( fagus sylvatica l.) stand. 126 space-integrating spherical sensors, deployed in a regular grid above and within the canopy and on the forest floor, are sequentially connected to the spectrom ... | 2005 | 16388465 |
| growth of adult norway spruce (picea abies [l.] karst.) and european beech (fagus sylvatica l.) under free-air ozone fumigation. | this study attempted to detect the impact of ozone on adult trees of norway spruce ( picea abies [l.] karst.) and european beech ( fagus sylvatica l.) in an experimental mixed stand in southern bavaria, germany. the aim was to examine whether there is a decrease in growth when trees are exposed to higher than atmospheric concentrations of ozone. this exposure was put into effect using a free-air fumigation system at tree crown level. growth analysis was carried out on a group of 47 spruce and 36 ... | 2005 | 16388464 |
| competitive strategies in adult beech and spruce: space-related foliar carbon investment versus carbon gain. | in central europe, fagus sylvatica and picea abies represent contrasting extremes in foliage type, crown structure and length of growing season. in order to examine the competitive strategies of these two co-occurring species, we tested the following hypotheses: (1) the space occupied by the foliage of sun branches is characterized by greater foliar mass investment compared to shade branches, (2) the carbon (c) gain per unit of occupied space is greater in sun than in shade branches, and (3) ann ... | 2005 | 16205957 |
| tree species (picea abies and fagus sylvatica) effects on soil water acidification and aluminium chemistry at sites subjected to long-term acidification in the ore mts., czech republic. | the effect of european beech (fagus sylvatica) and norway spruce (picea abies) on acid deposition and soil water chemistry was studied at a site in the ore mts., czech republic, that has been subjected to decades of elevated acidic deposition. dry deposition onto the spruce canopy significantly increased acid input to the soil in comparison to the beech canopy. as a result soil waters were more acidic; al, so4(2-), and no3- concentrations were significantly higher; and ca and k concentrations we ... | 2005 | 16054698 |
| air pollution, precipitation chemistry and forest health in the retezat mountains, southern carpathians, romania. | in the retezat mountains concentrations of o3, no2 and so2 in summer season 2000-2002 were low and below toxicity levels for forest trees. while nh3 concentrations were low in 2000, the 2001 and 2002 concentrations were elevated indicating possibility for increased n deposition to forest stands. more than 90% of the rain events were acidic with ph values <5.5, contributing to increased acidity of soils. crown condition of norway spruce (picea abies) and european beech (fagus sylvatica) was good, ... | 2005 | 16005766 |
| above-ground space sequestration determines competitive success in juvenile beech and spruce trees. | a 2-yr phytotron study was conducted to investigate the intra- and inter-specific competitive behaviour of juvenile beech (fagus sylvatica) and spruce (picea abies). competitiveness was analysed by quantifying the resource budgets that occur along structures and within occupied space of relevance for competitive interaction. ambient and elevated co(2) and ozone (o(3)) regimes were applied throughout two growing seasons as stressors for provoking changes in resource budgets, growth and allocation ... | 2005 | 15948841 |
| clustered root distribution in mature stands of fagus sylvatica and picea abies. | distribution of small roots (diameter between 2 mm and 5 mm) was studied in 19 pits with a total of 72 m(2) trench profile walls in pure stands of fagus sylvatica and picea abies. root positions within the walls were marked and transformed into x-coordinates and y-coordinates. in a gis-based evaluation, zones of potential influence around each root were calculated. the total potential influence produced isoline maps of relative root influence zones, thus indicating small root clustering. the que ... | 2005 | 15891852 |
| effects of elevated pco2 and/or po3 on c-, n-, and s-metabolites in the leaves of juvenile beech and spruce differ between trees grown in monoculture and mixed culture. | three and four-year-old saplings of beech (fagus sylvatica l.) and spruce (picea abies (l.) karst.) grown in monoculture and mixed culture were exposed in phytotrons to (1) ambient air, (2) elevated po(3), (3) elevated pco(2), or (4) elevated pco(2) plus elevated po(3). after 5 months, the contents of soluble sugars, starch, soluble amino compounds, non-structural proteins (nsp), as well as reduced (gsh) and oxidized (gssg) glutathione were determined in the leaves of both species in order to as ... | 2005 | 15820662 |
| epiphytic lichen diversity on dead and dying conifers under different levels of atmospheric pollution. | based on literature data, epiphytic lichen abundance was comparably studied in montane woodlands on healthy versus dead or dying conifers of europe and north america in areas with different levels of atmospheric pollution. study sites comprised picea abies forests in the harz mountains and in the northern alps, germany, picea rubens-abies balsamea forests on whiteface mountain, adirondacks, new york, u.s.a. and picea engelmannii-abies lasiocarpa forests in the salish mountains, montana, u.s.a. d ... | 2005 | 15701398 |