Publications

lysis of sphaerotilus natans swarm cells by bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.	six strains of sphaerotilus natans (smooth form) were lysed by five parasitic strains of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus. the possible use of bdellovibrio to control the proliferation of s. natans in the environment was hypothesized.	1975	1147607
energy metabolism of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus. i. energy production, atp pool, energy charge.	bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, strain bd. 109 sa, generates atp mainly by oxidative phosphorylation during electron transport. during exponential growth the atp pool is constant (9 mmoles/100 mugn) indicating that energy-producing and energy-consuming reactions are well balanced. the ratio of substrate respiration/endogenous respiration is approx. 2.5/1. energy charge is constant both in endogenous and substrate respiration at values of 0.62 to 0.64. during endogenous respiration (starvation) the a ...	1975	1156083
lethal effect of fresh sea water on vibrio parahaemolyticus and isolation of bdellovibrio parasitic against the organism.	halophilic bdellovibrio, which is parasitic and lytic to vibrio pharahaemolyticus, was ioslated from fresh sea water in the winter. it had a lethal effect on v. parahaemolyticus. the optimum temperature ofr multiplication ranged from 25 c to 30 c and growth was not observed at 35 c. plaque numbers of the isolate reached a maximum in 17 hr under conditions of shaking at 25 c in autoclaved sea water supplemented with v. parahaemolyticus cells, and were as high as ten times the number of host cells ...	1975	1202252
[bdellovibrio bacteriovorus as an active factor of self purification of surface waters under hygienic aspects].		1975	1229192
distribution of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus in sewage works, river water, and sediments.	bdellovibrio was found in all liquid phases of the sewage works examined. the predator was also found in all the river sediments and sewage-polluted river waters examined but could not be found in some unpolluted river waters. bdellovibrio was able to multiply on the high numbers of bacteria present in the aerobic percolating filter film but could not survive in anaerobic sludge. similarly, the predator was present in the aerobic surface layers of river sediments but not in the anaerobic bottom ...	1976	1267445
relationship of bdellovibrio elongation and fission to host cell size.	the extent of bdellovibrio growth, and hence progeny produced in infected cells, appears to depend upon host cell size as determined from the ratio of ultimitate length of bdellovibrio to host cell area calculated from light microscopy.	1976	789349
structure, synthesis, and post-transcriptional modification of ribosomal ribonucleic acid in bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.	the structure, synthesis, and post-transcriptional modifications of 23-s and 16-s ribosomal rnas (rrnas) have been studied in the facultatively parasitic bacterium, bdellovibrio bacteriovorus. the mature 23-s and 16-s type of rrnas in bdellovibrio are larger than the analogous molecules in escherichia coli by at least 1.0 - 10(5) and 0.5 - 10(5) daltons, respectively, and have a conformation different from e. coli rrnas as judged by relative electrophoretic mobilities in polyacrylamide gels with ...	1976	791372
[detection of bdellovibrios and bacteriophages in the seawater near the shores].	the frequency of occurrence of bdellovibrios and intestinal bacteriophages at the sites of contamination in the sea and along the sea shore and at the points remote from the sources of contamination was studied. at the contaminated sites bdellovibrios were revealed in 73.3-100% and bacteriophage in 75-83.4% of the samples. there was found to be a moderate correlative association between the bdellovibrios, bacteriophages and the coli titre. in the water of the shore region of the sea bdellovibrio ...	1976	795231
[intracellular membrane structures of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus during development in the bacterial host cell].	electron microscope investigation of intracellular membrane structures of bd. bacteriovorous during its intracellular growth and development has been carried out. increased amount of membrane structures has been stated. along with simply organized invaginations of plasmalemma, complicated membrane structures resembling mesosomes of grampositive bacteria are observed. localization of these structures testifies to their involvement in the synthesis of exotoxins and exoenzymes.	1976	797074
[ii. the process of spontaneous bacteriolysis in water and micropredator bacteria].	in her conference presented in public health school in ankara in june 1975, the author summarizes the present knowledge on spontaneous bacteriolysis process in water and gives information on the bacteria which are thought to be mostly responsible for auto-purification of water, with special emphasis on bdellovibrio bacteriovorus strains.	1976	933897
isolation of a small rod with lytic activity against vibrio parahaemolyticus from fresh sea water.	a small rod, capable of formine crater-like plaques on lawns of vibrio parahaemolyticus, was isolated from a marine environment. the isolate was a gram-negative straight rod with round ends and was small in size, equal to that of halophilic bdellovibrio strain 5501. the isolate appeared to have close taxonomic relationships to cytophaga, since this bacterium moved slowly in a gliding manner on a solid agar surface, hydrolyzed agar and starch, contained yellow pigment and was halophilic. the isol ...	1976	1018344
response of neisseria gonorrhoeae to bdellovibrio species.	bdellovibrio species are small, highly motile bacteria that are predators upon other bacteria in nature. bdellovibrios attach to, penetrate, replicate within, and destroy prey that share the general characteristic of gram negativity. the lipopolysaccharide moiety of the cell membrane of target microorganisms appears to contain the principal receptor site for bdellovibrio attachment. since gonococci also contain lipopolysaccharide that is similar in many respects to that contained within gram-neg ...	1976	814101
alterations in the cell wall of spirillum serpens vhl early in its association with bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109d.	in both freeze-etched and critical-point dried preparations examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, respectively, the outer surfaces of the cells of spirillum serpens vhl assume a wrinkled appearance 10-15 min after challenge by bdellovibrion bacteriovorus 109d. this wrinkling effect is believed (on circumstantial evidence) to be caused by the bdellovibrio's disruption of the cell wall lipoprotein of the spirillum. with the exception of those topological changes caused by wrin ...	1976	818972
[periodic changes of populations in a prey-predator system: escherichia coli-bdellovibrio bacteriovorus].	the prey-predator system escherichia coli-bdellovibrio bacterivorus was investigated in a very poor medium. optical density recording and numerations of the bacterial species showed synchronous oscillations of the concentration of both microbial populations.	1976	820469
energy metabolism of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus. ii. p/o ratio and atp pool turnover rate.	the p/o ratio of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, strain bd 109 sa, was evaluated by two different methods based on the determination of energy-rich phosphate bonds and either nadh oxidation or oxygen-uptake. p/o values calculated on the basis of nadh oxidation were up to 6, which has to be regarded as being overestimated. p/o values calculated from energy-rich phosphate bonds and oxygen uptake were around 2. the p/o values determined for escherichia coli b were similar. the loss of phosphorylation e ...	1976	179488
[ultrastructure of micropredators of gram-positive bacilli and the degeneration of c perfringens].		1976	188562
membrane-associated, energy-linked reactions in bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.	disrupted cells of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus exhibited adenosine triphosphatase activity, 60 to 80% of which was in the soluble fraction. dicyclohexylcarbodiimide did not inhibit the adenosine triphosphatase activity in membrane particles. the particles did not show energy-linked transhydrogenase activity. the activity of non-energy-linked transhydrogenase as well as the rate of oxygen consumption were higher in membrane particles of the host-independent strain than in the host-dependent strain ...	1976	134028
[bdellovibrio bacteriovorus as a factor in the self-purification of river water].		1976	134929
glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme activities during intraperiplasmic growth of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus on escherichia coli.	selected enzyme activities were measured in extracts of the total cell pellets obtained at various times during aerobic intraperiplasmic growth of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j on anaerobically grown escherichia coli substrate cells. initially, the glycolytic enzyme activities were associated with the input of e. coli and the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme activities with the input of bdellovibrios. during the first 90 min of bdellovibrio development, the glycolytic activities declined about ...	1976	135759
effect of virginiamycin on the growth cycle of bdellovibrio.	the two components of virginiamycin, virginiamycin m (vm) and virginiamycin s (vs), were used to explore the life cycle of symbiosis-dependent and -independent strains of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus during multiplication in a two-membered system with either living or heat-inactivated escherichia coli or in axenic cultures. relatively high concentrations of these inhibitors separately were required to stop growth under all the conditions, but the minimum inhibitory concentration of the single comp ...	1976	769670
antigenicity of bdellovibrios.	antigenic relationships between 12 locally isolated bdellovibrios and 3 established reference strains (109d, 6-5-s, and uki2) were investigated. antigenicity of the strains was examined by use of the micro-complement fixation test, the serum and complement bactericidal test, and the immunodiffusion test. antisera were prepared against one of the local strains (ms7) and against one of the established reference strains (uki2). the complement fixation titers suggest a close relationship among all s ...	1977	68711
chemotaxis toward amino acids by bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.	chemotaxis toward amino acids by bdellovibrio bacteriovorous strain uki2 was studied by the capillary technique of adler (j. gen. microbiol. 74:77-91, 1973). chemotaxis was shown to be optimal when the capillaries were incubated at between 15 and 40 degrees c for 30 min; the optimal ph was between 7.0 and 8.2. the chemotactic response was proportional to the density of the suspension of bdellovibrios up to a density of 10(8) cells/ml. b. bacteriovorus was attracted to l-asparagine, l-cysteine, l ...	1977	17594
[several features of the antigenic structure of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus].	a method of growing bdellovibrio bacteriovorus (bdv) based on the use of the host microbe in the state of reduced vital activity permitted to obtain bdv cultures which could be used for the preparation specific antisera. immunochemical analysis of 4 bdv strains showed them to possess individual antigenic components localized in the alpha 2-globulin zone. testing 17 bdv strains isolated from natural water bodies showed 11 of them to form precipitation lines with the antisera to 4 bdv strains.	1977	409009
elongation and cell division in bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.	elongation and division of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus were studied in axenic synchronous cultures. the cells elongate unidirectionally from one end attaining a length of several "unit cells", and then divide into the corresponding number of cells. the length of the filament and, consequently, the progeny number, vary within the range of two to several dozen cells, according to the conditions used. a protein and a low molecular weight component are required for normal division.	1977	410384
chemotaxis by bdellovibrio bacteriovorus toward prey.	a chemotaxis assay system that uses a modified boyden chamber was characterized and used for measurements of chemotaxis by bdellovibrio bacteriovorus strain uki2 toward several bacterial species. bacteria tested included both susceptible and nonsusceptible cells (escherichia coli, pseudomonas fluorescens, bacillus megaterium, and b. bacteriovorus strains uki2 and d). none was attractive to bdellovibrios when present at densities below 10(7) cells per ml. chemotaxis toward e. coli was studied mos ...	1977	410796
[method for culturing bdellovibrio bacteriovorus on an agar gel].		1977	320098
osmoregulation in symbiosis-independent mutants of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.	bdellovibrios capable of axenic growth grow in a cell-free medium at a rate considerably lower than that attainable in a two-membered culture with escherichia coli. the axenic growth rate may be improved either by adjustment of the osmosity of the medium or by the addition of low concentrations of spermine.	1977	327930
[effect of temperature on the dynamics of interaction of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus with host bacteria].	the dynamics of the interaction between bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and the host bacterium was found to depend on temperature. the maximum rate of infection was found at 37 degrees c. the maximum yield of bdellovibrio and the maximum lysis of the host cells occurred at 22.5 degrees c. the cardinal points, at which no interaction was observed, have been determined. it is concluded that b. bacteriovorus belongs to mesophilis microorganisms.	1977	333239
bdellovibrio and the intestinal flora of vertebrates.	bdellovibrio strain ms7 force-fed to fish and frogs via an intragastric tube did not become an integral component of the intestinal microflora. strain ms7 fed to mice in drinking water was not recovered from the intestinal tract of mice. however, in vitro, the organism multiplied in intestinal contents of frogs and mice. bdellovibrio inoculated into rabbit ileal loops was greatly reduced in number within 24 h. it was concluded that strains ms7 could be considered nonpathogenic to animals, at lea ...	1977	337896
[electron microscopic study of the flagellae of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus].		1977	859458
characterization of bdellocysts of bdellovibrio sp.	bdellovibrio sp. strain w will infect and produce resting cells, termed bdellocysts, in a variety of gram-negative bacteria. bdellocysts appeared to be produced only within susceptible prey and never in their absence. optimum conditions for encystment included infection of stationary-phase prey cells in 0.05 m potassium phosphate buffer (ph 7.5) at concentrations of prey and bdellovibrios of 2 x 10(9) cells per ml with a multiplicity of infection of unity. bdellocysts contained more deoxyribonuc ...	1977	873888
ultrastructural changes during encystment and germination of bdellovibrio sp.	under proper conditions, bdellovibrio sp. strain w cells develop into bdellocysts in appropriate prey bacteria. after attachment and penetration of the prey cell, the encysting bdellovibrio began to accumulate inclusion material and increase in size, and was surrounded by an outer layer of amorphous electrondense material. the cytoplasm of the encysting cell appeared more electron dense, and nuclear areas appeared more compact. during germination of bdellocysts, the outer wall was uniformly brok ...	1977	873889
effect of light on bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.	bdellovibrio underwent photooxidation by visible light in the presence of exogenous photosensitizer and by near-ultraviolet light (325 to 400 nm) in its absence. the colorless, host-dependent wild type was more sensitive to the lethal effect of light than was its pigmented, facultative parasitic mutant. the latter's ability to form colonies was much more sensitive to light than was its plaque-forming capability. the biosynthesis of the mutant pigment was inhibited by diphenylamine, though this i ...	1977	885837
characterization of germination and activation of bdellovibrio bdellocysts.	a simple method of assaying germination of bdellocysts in liquid medium has been devised. bdellocysts can be induced to germinate by any of eight l-amino acids or the monovalent cations k+ and nh4+. l-glutamine was the best individual inducer of germination, although the resulting rate of germination was much slower than in a complex medium. the use of a defined germination medium containing l-glutamine, kcl, and nh4cl produced a faster rate of germination than did complex media. bdellocysts ger ...	1978	618835
penicillin-induced formation of osmotically stable spheroplasts in nongrowing bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.	bdellovibrio peptidoglycan is of typical gram-negative composition. the molar ratios of alanine:glutamic acid:diaminopimelic acid:muramic acid:glucosamine were about 2:1:1:1:1. nascent, nongrowing bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j were converted from highly motile vibrios to highly motile spheres when shaken in dilute buffer plus penicillin, cephalothin, bacitracin, or d-cycloserine. the spherical forms contained essentially no sedimentable peptidoglycan; i.e., they were spheroplasts. spheroplasts ...	1978	641013
[purification of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus of the cells and membranes of the bacteria hosts].		1978	342570
effects of nuclei acid compounds on viability and cell composition of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus during starvation.		1978	345990
growth of host dependent bdellovibrio in host cell free system.	a particulate, subcellular fraction of escherichia coli was shown to promote the growth of host dependent (h-d) bdellovibrio in the absence of host cells. the growth promoting activity was enhanced by both cations and trypisn, and destroyed by pronase. during the axenic growth unipolar spheres appear in the elongating bdellovibrio forms. thymidine monophosphate was more readily incorporated than thymidine into the bdellovibrio dna during growth in the host free system.	1978	345991
intraperiplasmic growth of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus on heat-treated escherichia coli.	heat treatment (55 degrees c for 40 min) of cell suspensions in buffer (ca. 3 x 10(9) cells per ml) of escherichia coli ml35 caused a 4- to 4.5-log loss of cell viability. similar results were found for several other e. coli strains that were examined. as a result of this heat treatment, 260-nm- and 280-nm-absorbing materials were released into the suspending buffer, along with about 10% of the total cellular radioactivity, when cells uniformly labeled with (14)c were used. in comparison with un ...	1978	346559
[fluctuations in the numbers of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and host bacteria in a 2-component system].	the number of interacting organisms in a two-membered bacterial "bdellovibrio bacteriovorus--bacterium-host" system varied within a long period of time. the variations occurred in the counterphase and had a complicated irregular character with an altering period. the volterra principle of collisions can be applied to this type of interaction between microorganisms.	1978	351340
intraperiplasmic growth of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j: n-deacetylation of escherichia coli peptidoglycan amino sugars.	during intraperiplasmic growth of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus on escherichia coli, the substrate cell peptidoglycan is extensively modified as it is converted to bdelloplast peptidoglycan. the initially lysozyme-sensitive peptidoglycan of e. coli was rapidly converted to a lysozyme-resistant form. the conversion was due to the n-deacetylation of a large portion of the peptidoglycan amino sugars. chemically acetylating the isolated peptidoglycan restored its sensitivity to lysozyme digestion. howe ...	1978	357410
intraperiplasmic growth of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j: attachment of long-chain fatty acids to escherichia coli peptidoglycan.	during the initial stages of intraperiplasmic growth of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus on escherichia coli, the peptidoglycan of the e. coli becomes acylated with long-chain fatty acids, primarily palmitic acid (60%) and oleic acid (20%). the attachment of the fatty acids to the peptidoglycan involves a carboxylic-ester bond, i.e., they were removed by treatment with alkaline hydroxylamine. their linkage to the peptidoglycan does not involve a protein molecule. when the bdelloplast peptidoglycan was ...	1978	357411
intraperiplasmic growth of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j: solubilization of escherichia coli peptidoglycan.	during penetration of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus into escherchia coli, two enzymatic activities, a glycanase and a peptidase, rapidly solubilized some 10 to 15% of the e. coli peptidoglycan. the glycanase activity, which solubilizes peptidoglycan amino sugars, came to a sharp halt with completion of the penetration process. peptidase activity, which cleaves diaminopimelic acid residues from the peptidoglycan, continued, but at a decreasing rate. by 90 min after bdellovibrio attack, some 30% of t ...	1978	357428
metabolism of rna-ribose by bdellovibrio bacteriovorus during intraperiplasmic growth on escherichia coli.	during intraperiplasmic growth of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j on escherichia coli some 30 to 60% of the initial e. coli rna-ribose disappeared as cell-associated orcinol-positive material. the levels of rna-ribose in the suspending buffer after growth together with the rna-ribose used for bdellovibrio dna synthesis accounted for 50% or less of the missing rna-ribose. with intraperiplasmic growth in the presence of added u-14c-labeled cmp, gmp, or ump, radioactivity was found both in the resp ...	1978	363699
further taxonomic characterization of the genus bdellovibrio.	cultures of bdellovibrio isolated from different geographic locations have been studied in terms of deoxyribonucleic acid analysis (% g + c, genome size, and dna hybridization), cytochrome spectrum, and host range. isolates of the genus exhibit a broad range of % g + c ranging from 37 to 51% and the genome sizes extend from 1300 x 10(6) to 1700 x 10(6) daltons. dna hybridization continues to reveal a high level of genetic heterogeneity. bdellovibrio 3294 exhibits 32% relative reassociation to bd ...	1978	369668
some problems of the ecology and taxonomy of marine microvibrios.	the bactericidal effect of water from the indian and pacific oceans and caspian and white seas on escherichia coli was studied. it is shown that a decrease in the viability of e. coli cells is accompanied by the appearance and active multiplication of small bacteria of a vibrioid form. two strains of such bacteria were isolated from a suspension of e. coli in seawater and purified from membranes of the substrate organism by the method of centrifugation in a ficoll gradient. the marine bacteria o ...	1978	375993
[determination of the index of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus in the water of open reservoirs].		1978	80485
[multiplication of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus in the cytoplasm of the bacterial host].	the bacterial parasite bdellovibrio bacteriovorus was studied in the process of its interaction with the host bacterium pseudomonas fluorescens. as has been shown by time-lapse microcinematography, along with the normal growth of b. bacteriovorus in the periplasmatic space of the host bacterium, occasionally (4--5%) the parasite is located in the cytoplasm where the complete stage of its intracellular growth takes place with the release of progeny.	1978	97504
bacterial predator-prey interaction at low prey density.	a bacterial predator-prey interaction was studied using bdellovibrio and bioluminescent prey bacteria. the attacking bdellovibrio causes decay of bioluminescence, which is correlated with bdellovibrio penetration into the prey. the behavior of the prey and predator populations over time was found to be well described by a lotka-volterra model. by using this model, the probability of bdellovibrio penetration after encountering a prey cell was found to be approximately 3.0%. the prey density requi ...	1978	16345299
seasonal and geographic distribution of luminous bacteria in the eastern mediterranean sea and the gulf of elat.	luminous bacteria in the mediterranean sea and the gulf of aqaba-elat have different distribution patterns. in the mediterranean sea, beneckea harveyi is present all year round, with different subtypes alternating in summer and winter; photobacterium fischeri was only present during the winter. in the gulf of elat, p. leiognathi is present throughout the water column in similar densities during the entire year. this constancy in distribution is presumably due to the near-constancy in water tempe ...	1979	16345404
[fatty acid composition of marine microvibrios].		1979	111825
[distribution of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus parasitizing pseudomonas fluorescens and serratia marcescens in river water].		1979	160878
[biological characteristics of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus].		1979	377864
regulated breakdown of escherichia coli deoxyribonucleic acid during intraperiplasmic growth of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j.	during growth of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus on [2-14c]deoxythymidine-labeled escherichia coli, approximately 30% of the radioactivity was released to the culture fluid as nucleoside monophosphates and free bases; the remainder was incorporated by the bdellovibrio. by 60 min after bdellovibrio attack, when only 10% of the e. coli deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) had been solubilized, the substrate cell dna was degraded to 5 x 10(5)-dalton fragments retained within the bdelloplast. kinetic studies show ...	1979	387743
interactions between bdellovibrio and its host cell.	the bdellovibrios are extremely small bacteria with the unique property of being parasites of other (gram-negative) bacteria. in the presence of viable and susceptible bacteria a bdellovibrio cell physically 'attacks' an individual host cell, attaches to its surface, penetrates the cell wall, and multiples within the periplasmic (intramural) space of its prey. the invading bdellovibrio and its progeny degrade and consume the cellular constituents of the invaded host bacterium. this process final ...	1979	36623
[ultrastructural characteristics of bdellovibrio chlorellavorus].	intracellular and extracellular polar lamellar systems were detected in bdellovibrio chlorellavorus, the obligate parasite of chlorella. they were observed in negatively contrasted preparations and thin sections. these systems are considered as an essential character of the bacterium, being connected with its parasitic behaviour.	1979	423805
[intracellular parasitism of bacteria].		1979	459961
[interaction between bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and cholera vibrios in sewage].		1979	499847
chemotaxis of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus toward pure compounds.	positive chemotaxis by bdellovibrio bacteriovorus strain uki2 was measured for 139 compounds. twenty-one compounds were attractants; sensitive attraction was elicited by acetate, propionate, thioacetate, malonate, cis-oxalacetate, d-glucose-6-phosphate, acetyl coenzyme a, ammonium ion, barium ion, manganous ion, and potassium ion. several of the attractants for b. bacteriovorus strain uki2 also were attractants to strains 6-5-s and 114; however, strains 109d and 109j were not attracted by the co ...	1979	500565
[dynamics of the interaction of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus with the bacterial host under aerobic and anaerobic conditions].	bdellovibrio bacteriovorus can interact with the host bacterium cells under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. the dynamics of the interaction between the parasite and the host depended on the regime of incubation. the latent period and the time at which bd. bacteriovorus reached the stationary level became shorter under aerobic conditions. lysis of the host bacterium cells under aerobic conditions proceeded more effectively, at a higher rate, and after a shorter period of the constant titre than ...	1979	370513
[detection of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus bacteria in the body of animals].		1979	761809
evidence suggesting protozoan predation on rhizobium associated with germinating seeds and in the rhizosphere of beans (phaseolus vulgaris l.).	changes in populations of microorganisms around germinating bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) seeds, in the rhizosphere of bean, and in a model rhizosphere were studied. strains of rhizobium phaseoli that were resistant to streptomycin and thiram were used, and as few as 300 r. phaseoli cells per g of soil could be enumerated with a selective medium that was devised. a direct role was not evident for bacterial competitors, lytic bacteria, antibiotic-producing microorganisms, bacteriophages, and bdell ...	1980	16345628
detection of polyphosphates and enzymes of polyphosphate metabolism in bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.	bdellovibrio bacteriovorus cells, parasitizing in e. coli, contain a considerable amount of inorganic polyphosphates, 55% of the total pool of which is due to the most polymeric acid-insoluble polyphosphates. b. bacteriovorus contains enzymes participating both in the synthesis and consumption of polyphosphates, i.e. 1,3-diphosphoglycerate: polyphosphate phosphotransferase, polyphosphate glucokinase, polyphosphatase, tripolyphosphatase, pyrophosphatase, acid and alkaline phosphatases. the possib ...	1980	6256994
[dissemination of bdellovibrio acteriovorus in animals and their interaction with the agents of acute intestinal infections].	cows, horses, pigs and ducks have been found to contain bdellovibrio bacteriovorus in their intestine and to constantly excrete them with feces into the environment. these microorganisms have not been detected in the feces of man, white mice, frogs and fish. bdellovibrio, if introduced together with shigella or after them, prevent the development of keratoconjunctivitis in some of the rabbits. no manifestations of the lytic activity of bdellovibrio in relation to salmonella and vibrio cholerae h ...	1980	6998228
[electron-microscopic study of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus adenosine triphosphatase].		1980	6449655
[new genus of bacteria, vampirovibrio, parasitizing chlorella and previously assigned to the genus bdellovibrio].		1980	7392987
incidence of marine bdellovibrios lytic against vibrio parahaemolyticus in chesapeake bay.	the incidence of marine bdellovibrios at selected sampling sites in the chesapeake bay during the months of june 1978 and 1979 was studied. bdellovibrios were isolated from eight of nine sampling stations in the bay. higher numbers than previously reported with sea or ocean water were recovered in the midregion of the bay.	1980	7447445
[importance of detecting bdellovibrio bacteriovorus in the reservoir water].		1981	7239234
[comparative characteristics of the bdellovibrio strains isolated from river water and sewage].	the morphology, the host ranges, the resistance to pteridine and the nucleotide composition of dna were compared in 12 newly isolated and 10 collection strains of bdellovibrio. the significance of properties used for the taxonomy of these organisms was evaluated. the host ranges of bdellovibrio strains are heterogeneous with respect to the taxonomy of host bacteria. the specificity of the parasite depends to a significant degree on the host bacterium in which it grows. all the strains including ...	1981	7242394
[comparative study of the membrane protein composition of bacteria in the genus bdellovibrio].	the protein composition of membranes was studied in 17 bdellovibrio strains by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. no similarity in the protein composition of membranes was found in the strains grown on cells of one and the same host. a dendrogram constructed basing on the similarity coefficients between the strains allowed to subdivide them into 3 groups according to the protein composition of their membranes. this correlated with the other phenotypi ...	1981	7329359
[participation of bdellovibrios in sewage self-purification processes].	the participation of bacterial parasites belonging to the genus bdellovibrio in the processes of sewage self-purification was studied in refineries of pushchino. the lytic activity of bdellovibrio resulting in a decrease of the number of heterotrophic gram-negative bacteria and e. coli in sewage was found to depend on the temperature factor influencing the intensity of interaction between the parasite and the host bacterium. the maximal p/h (parasite/host) index was found at the water temperatur ...	1981	7012553
protein composition of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and escherichia coli membranes during their interaction.	a comparative study of membrane proteins of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and host-bacteria escherichia coli was performed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. infection of e. coli cells by bdellovibrions resulted in the loss of some high-molecular proteins and appearance of new ones in the host-bacteria membranes. the possible role of parasite proteases in degradation of host-bacteria membrane proteins is discussed.	1981	7013349
incorporation of substrate cell lipid a components into the lipopolysaccharide of intraperiplasmically grown bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.	the composition of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus lipopolysaccharide (lps) was determined for cells grown axenically and intraperiplasmically on escherichia coli or pseudomonas putida. the lps of axenically grown bdellovibrios contained glucose and fucosamine as the only detectable neutral sugar and amino sugar, and nonadecenoic acid (19:1) as the predominant fatty acid. additional fatty acids, heptose, ketodeoxyoctoic acid, and phosphate were also detected. lps from bdellovibrios grown intraperipla ...	1981	7024249
partial characterization of lipid a of intraperiplasmically grown bdellovibrio bacteriovorus.	the lipid a components of substrate cell origin incorporated by bdellovibrio bacteriovorus during intraperiplasmic growth (d. r. nelson and s. c. rittenberg, j. bacteriol. 147:860-868, 1981) were shown to be integrated into its lipopolysaccharide structure. lipid a isolated from bdellovibrios grown on escherichia coli was resolved into two fractions by thin-layer chromatography. fraction 2 had the same rf as the single lipid a fraction of axenicaly grown bdellovibrios, and both stained identical ...	1981	7024250
[theoretical model of the predator-prey interaction kinetics between "bdellovibrio bacteriovorus" and "escherichia coli" (author's transl)].	a theoretical model is suggested in order to explain the main features of the interaction kinetics between the micropredator bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and its prey escherichia coli. three parametes are used in this model: the incubation time t, the fixation rate constant k, and the predator multiplication factor a. their values can be determined from the experimental variations of the total predator concentration p, and the total density of preys (c + c'). an experimental study of the predation ...	1981	7036823
pyrimidine metabolism of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus grown intraperiplasmically and axenically.	bdellovibrio bacteriovorus grown axenically or intraperiplasmically on escherichia coli has pathways for the interconversion of pyrimidines and the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleoside 5'-triphosphates similar to those found in the enteric bacteria. minimal differences in enzyme activities were observed for axenically and intraperiplasmically grown cells. as might be expected for an organism which takes up deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphates per se, high levels of enzymes which catalyze the gene ...	1981	6260736
fungicide enhancement of nitrogen fixation and colonization of phaseolus vulgaris by rhizobium phaseoli.	the number and weight of pods and the weight and nitrogen content of the tops of beans (phaseolus vulgaris) derived from seeds inoculated with a thiram-resistant strain of rhizobium phaseoli were increased if the seeds were treated with thiram before sowing in soil. a greater percentage of the nodules on 21-day-old plants were derived from the resistant strain, more nodules were formed, and these nodules were more effective in the presence of the fungicide than in its absence. these differences ...	1981	16345715
biosynthesis of oxygen-detoxifying enzymes in bdellovibrio stolpii.	axenically grown bdellovibrio stolpii (i.e., grown independently of the host) was examined for superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase activities. kinetics of enzyme synthesis were determined for aerobically grown cultures and for cultures exposed to 100% oxygen. enzymatic activities varied with the age of the culture. normally grown cultures exhibited maximum activity during the first 10 h of growth and again as the stationary phase was approached, beginning at about 48 h. polyacrylamide ...	1982	6290452
periplasmic enzymes in bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and bdellovibrio stolpii.	when cells of either bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j or bdellovibrio stolpii uki2 were subjected to osmotic shock by treatment with sucrose-edta and mgcl2 solutions, only trace amounts of proteins or enzyme activities were released into the shock fluid. in contrast, when nongrowing cells were converted to motile, osmotically stable, peptidoglycan-free spheroplasts by penicillin treatment, numerous proteins were released into the suspending fluid. for both species, this suspending fluid contained ...	1982	6124531
seasonal distribution of bdellovibrios at the mouth of the patuxent river in the chesapeake bay.	water samples taken at monthly intervals from three sites in the mouth of the patuxent river in the chesapeake bay were cultured for bdellovibrios lytic to vibrio parahaemolyticus and for total viable bacterial counts. the number of bdellovibrios recovered decreased from the spring months (april, may, june (amj) until very few were detected during the winter months (january, february, march (jfm), which also coincided with the lowest water temperatures. during the amj season there was a signific ...	1982	7066762
lytic activity of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus against bacteria of the family legionellaceae.	a lytic activity of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus strains 6-5-s and 12 was found to be present, against representatives of three legionella species: legionella pneumophila-strains knoxville 1 (serogroup 1), togus 1 (serogroup 2), bloomington 2 (serogroup 3) and los angeles 1 (serogroup 4); legionella micdadei-strain tatlock; legionella bozemanii-strain wiga, as well as against strains of legionella pneumophila isolated in bulgaria-draginovo 1, 2, 3-belonging to serogroup 1. it is suggested that b. ...	1982	7124158
molecular parasitism in the escherichia coli-bdellovibrio bacteriovorus system: translocation of the matrix protein from the host to the parasite outer membrane.	during the intracellular maturation in escherichia coli of the parasite bdellovibrio bacteriovorus the outer membrane, major protein i of e. coli (i.e., the matrix protein) becomes associated with the outer membrane of the emerging parasite cells. the binding properties of this protein with the outer membrane of the host and of the parasite are identical. an analogous phenomenon also occurs during bdellovibrio parasitism on klebsiella pneumoniae and on salmonella typhimurium. possible roles for ...	1982	6765198
[method of determining the pteridine sensitivity of parasitic bacteria of the genus bdellovibrio].	the method of determination of parasitic bacteria bdellovibrio sensitivity to pteridine has been described. the method suggested can be used in research work for diagnostics of bdellovibrio genus bacteria.	1983	6882836
[factors affecting the participation of bacteria of the genus bdellovibrio in the self-purification processes in the syr darya river].	the effect of season, temperature and abundance of microflora on the interrelations between bdellovibrions and host-bacteria in the syr daryo river compared with the oka has been studied. these factors and composition of allochthonic gram-negative bacteria in the river influence on the abundance of bdellovibrio and extent its participation in the self-purification of basins.	1983	6882839
peculiarities of the fatty acid composition of bdellovibrio.	the fatty acid composition of twelve bdellovibrio strains isolated upon the growth on bacteria of various taxonomic groups was studied. a dependence of the lipid composition of bdellovibrios on that of bacteria they were parasitizing on was shown. data pointing to the selective incorporation of fatty acids of host bacteria by bdellovibrios were obtained. bdellovibrio membranes were shown to contain monounsatured fatty acids with different positions of double bonds indicating that there are at le ...	1983	6403417
differentiation after premature release of intraperiplasmically growing bdellovibrio bacteriovorous.	bdellovibrio bacteriovorous attacks and penetrates other gram-negative bacteria, creating a growth chamber termed a bdelloplast. we have found that exposing the bdelloplasts to edta, followed by treatment with a lytic enzyme concentrate derived from bdellovirio cultures, prematurely released the intraperiplasmically growing bdellovibrios at any time during their growth cycle. upon release, the growth-form bdellovibrios terminated any initiated rounds of dna synthesis and differentiated into moti ...	1983	6403505
alternative prey: a mechanism for elimination of bacterial species by protozoa.	antibiotic-resistant strains of salmonella typhimurium and klebsiella pneumoniae died readily after their addition to raw sewage, but they grew in sterilized sewage. the decline was not a result of abiotic stresses, and because the bacteria were able to survive in large numbers for at least 15 days in solutions containing no organic nutrients, it was not a result of competition. toxin production, bacteriophages, and bdellovibrio sp. did not cause the disappearance of the two bacterial species. a ...	1983	6418072
distribution of bdellovibrios in the water column of an estuary.	the distribution of bdellovibrios in the water column of the miles river has been studied. water samples were collected every 4 h over a 24-h period from five depths in the water column. the samples were cultured for the recovery of bdellovibrios lytic against vibrio parahaemolyticus. environmental parameters, i.e., salinity, temperature, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen (do) were measured for each sample. bdellovibrios were observed to be uniformly distributed at all depths measured in the water ...	1984	6478316
[distribution of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus in river water with different degrees of bacterial contamination].		1984	6519506
attachment of diaminopimelic acid to bdelloplast peptidoglycan during intraperiplasmic growth of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j.	an early event in the predatory lifestyle of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j is the attachment of diaminopimelic acid (dap) to the peptidoglycan of its prey. attachment occurs over the first 60 min of the growth cycle and is mediated by an extracellular activity(s) produced by the bdellovibrio. some 40,000 dap residues are incorporated into the escherichia coli bdelloplast wall, amounting to ca. 2 to 3% of the total initial dap content of its prey cells. incorporation of dap occurs when e. coli, ...	1984	6202674
[role of carbohydrate-protein recognition in the process of bdellovibrio attaching to bacterial host cells].	the authors discuss the role of carbohydrates in the surface layer of the cell wall in the process of bdellovibrio attachment to host-bacteria cells. the paper presents the results of inhibitory analysis using sugars conducted with two model systems as well as the data about the effectiveness of the interaction between parasite cells and host cells after the modification of their surface polysaccharide layer with concanavalin a and sodium periodate.	1984	6090874
permeability of the boundary layers of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j and its bdelloplasts to small hydrophilic molecules.	measurements of the sucrose-permeable and -impermeable volumes during bdellovibrio bacteriovorus attack on escherichia coli or pseudomonas putida showed that the volume of the bdelloplast increased over that of the substrate cell. although the pattern of the increase differed with the two organisms, the volumes reached maximum at about 60 min into the bdellovibrio growth cycle. by this time, the cytoplasmic membranes of the attacked cells were completely permeable to sucrose. the kinetics of inc ...	1984	6363383
change in the surface hydrophobicity of substrate cells during bdelloplast formation by bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j.	during intraperiplasmic growth of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j, the substrate cell surface becomes more hydrophobic. this was shown (i) by comparing the sensitivity to hydrophobic antibiotics of wild-type and lipopolysaccharide mutant strains of salmonella typhimurium to that of the bdellovibrio growing on these strains and (ii) by measuring the binding efficiency of these strains, escherichia coli, and their derived bdelloplasts to octyl sepharose. the kinetics of increase in surface hydroph ...	1984	6363384
[oscillations in population densities of the bacterial prey-predator couple escherichia coli-bdellovibrio bacteriovorus: experimental study and theoretical model].	oscillations in population densities in the bacterial predator-prey bdellovibrio bacteriovorus-escherichia coli system were investigated both experimentally and theoretically. experimental conditions for observing (damped) oscillations were first determined in a closed system and then used in an open system, i.e. in a chemostat, when an adequate flux of nutritive medium was added. the experimentally observed oscillations were always unstable with poorly reproducible amplitude and period. a theor ...	1984	6372581
acquisition of escherichia coli outer membrane proteins by bdellovibrio sp. strain 109d.	the ability of bdellovibrio sp. to acquire the ompf major outer membrane protein from its escherichia coli prey was examined to determine if there were other outer membrane proteins which could or could not be acquired. growth of bdellovibrios on mutant prey which were defective in the expression of outer membrane proteins revealed that bdellovibrio sp. could acquire the ompc protein in the absence of the ompf protein. however, the ompa, lamb, and protein 2 proteins could not be found in the bde ...	1984	6376474
comparative biology of intracellular parasitism.		1985	3900672
bdellovibrio bacteriovorus synthesizes an ompf-like outer membrane protein during both axenic and intraperiplasmic growth.	outer membrane preparations of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus grown intraperiplasmically on escherichia coli containing ompf were prepared by the triton x-100 procedure of schnaitman (j. bacteriol. 108:545-552, 1971). they contained a protein that migrated to almost the same position as e. coli ompf in sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis and to the same position as e. coli ompf when urea was incorporated into the gel. the mobility of this protein increased relative to that ...	1985	4019410
waveform analysis and structure of flagella and basal complexes from bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j.	the structure of sheathed flagella from bdellovibrio bacteriovorus was investigated. the first three periods of these flagella were characterized by progressively smaller wavelengths and amplitudes in periods more distal to the cell. the damped appearance was due to a single nonrandom transition between two helical structures within each filament. the intersection of the two helices, one of which was a threefold-reduced miniature of the other, occurred at a fixed distance along the filament and ...	1985	4030690
isolation and composition of sheathed flagella from bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j.	a procedure was developed for the purification of sheathed flagella from bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j. preparations of isolated flagella appeared as filaments 28 nm in diameter, did not vary in sheath content by more than 10% from the mean, and contained 50% protein, 38% phospholipid, and 12% lipopolysaccharide (lps) by weight. the sheath was readily solubilized by triton x-100, whether or not edta was present, and contained all of the lps and phospholipid and 30 to 40% of the protein of the ...	1985	4030691
uptake of intact nucleoside monophosphates by bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j.	the degraded nucleic acids and ribosomes of its prey cell provide bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109j with a source of ribonucleoside monophosphates and deoxyribonucleoside monophosphates for biosynthesis and respiration. we demonstrate that bdellovibrios, in contrast to almost all other bacteria, take up these nucleoside monophosphates into the cell in an intact, phosphorylated form. in this way they are able to assimilate more effectively the cellular contents of their prey. studies with ump and d ...	1985	4030692