Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| rhipicephalus appendiculatus: cause and vector of diseases in africa. | rhipicephalus appendiculatus neum. occurs mainly in the eastern and southern parts of africa and is the principal cause and vector of some very important stock diseases in these areas. the diseases include the theilerioses, brown tick toxicosis and nairobi sheep disease. these are briefly discussed, and emphasis is laid on the role of r. appendiculatus in their epidemiology. r. appendiculatus is a 3-host tick particularly well adapted to survive where climate and vegetation are suitable. the bas ... | 1981 | 7042975 |
| distribution of ehrlichia canis among military working dogs in the world and selected civilian dogs in the united states. | antibodies to ehrlichia canis were detected by indirect immunofluorescence in sera from 233 of 2,077 (11%) military working dogs in various locations throughout the world and from 535 of 938 (57%) civilian dogs in the united states during a 1-year period of study. overall, e canis infection rates ranged from 13% in the tropical and temperate zones below 45 degrees n to 8% in the cold zone north of 45 degrees n latitude. the highest antibody prevalence rate (24%) was found among a select populati ... | 1982 | 7050062 |
| in vitro propagation of cytoecetes phagocytophila, the causative agent of tick-borne fever. | cytoecetes phagocytophila, a neutrophilic rickettsia which parasitizes sheep and cattle, was propagated transiently at 37 degrees c in cultures of heparinized whole blood of sheep supplemented with medium 199 containing hepes buffer. significant increases in the number of infected cells and the number of rickettsias per infected cell were observed within 24 h. back-passage into sheep produced typical tick-borne fever. | 1982 | 7051517 |
| infection in two dogs with an agent resembling ehrlichia equi. | 1982 | 7061334 | |
| pulmonary lesions in sheep following experimental infection by ehrlichia phagocytophilia and chlamydia psittaci. | 1982 | 7068951 | |
| a retrospective study on 120 natural cases of canine ehrlichiosis. | in a retrospective study on 120 natural cases of canine ehrlichiosis, it was found that cases were presented in all months of the year. the disease was diagnosed in 26 different breeds amongst which the german shepherd was the best represented. of the different breeds of dog, german shepherds showed the highest incidence of chronic cases as well as the highest mortality rate. in a randomly selected sample of 50 dogs, the clinical signs of canine ehrlichiosis were found to be mainly non-specific ... | 1982 | 7097704 |
| heartwater (cowdria ruminantium infection) on são tomé. | the supernatant obtained after centrifugation of an emulsion of engorged female amblyomma astrion ticks, collected from cattle on the west african island of são tomé, was injected intravenously into a goat, which contracted heartwater. this confirmation of the existence of the disease on the island makes strict control measures necessary if present efforts at improving livestock production by imported exotic cattle are to be successful. | 1982 | 7147672 |
| experimental transmission of cowdria ruminantium by the gulf coast tick amblyomma maculatum: danger of introducing heartwater and benign african theileriasis onto the american mainland. | the tick amblyomma maculatum proved to be an experimental vector of cowdria ruminantium, the cause of heartwater of ruminants. transstadial transmission from larva to nymph and from larva through nymph to adult was successful; however, an experiment on transovarial transmission gave negative results. neither a americanum nor a cajennense transmitted the infection. there is a potential danger of the disease gaining access to the american mainland from the caribbean where it is known to occur and ... | 1982 | 6808870 |
| rickettsia sennetsu in human blood monocyte cultures: similarities to the growth cycle of ehrlichia canis. | microscopic examination of cultured human monocytes infected with rickettsia sennetsu and stained by the giemsa method revealed the presence of various organismal growth forms in the cytoplasm of the infected cells. the growth forms were loosely scattered individual organisms, clusters of organisms, various sizes of dense inclusion bodies in intact and vacuolated cytoplasm, and organisms in close proximity to disintegrated monocytes. the appearance and the morphology of these r. sennetsu growth ... | 1982 | 6274798 |
| [bovine ehrlichiosis in the ivory coast. epidemiology. treatment. prevention]. | 1983 | 6326208 | |
| tick-borne fever: a review. | the literature on tick-borne fever is reviewed. tick-borne fever is a rickettsial disease of sheep and cattle characterised by high fever and severe leucopaenia. the causative agent, cytoecetes phagocytophila invades the neutrophils and monocytes and is transmitted by the tick ixodes ricinus. there is very little information on the pathogenesis and immunogenesis of the disease but there is ample evidence that infected animals are predisposed to other diseases. animals infected with tick-borne fe ... | 1983 | 6349107 |
| heartwater (cowdria ruminantium infection): current status. | 1983 | 6359836 | |
| serologic diagnosis of infectious cyclic thrombocytopenia in dogs using an indirect fluorescent antibody test. | an indirect fluorescent antibody test was used for detection of serum antibodies to the platelet-specific rickettsial organism that is the causative agent of infectious cyclic thrombocytopenia (ict) in dogs. the test converted from negative to positive in 7 of 7 experimentally inoculated dogs. one of 2 attempts to recover the rickettsial agent of ict from naturally occurring seropositive dogs, by blood inoculation of experimental dogs, was successful. seemingly, the test did not detect antibodie ... | 1983 | 6362502 |
| heartwater in angora goats. i. immunity subsequent to artificial infection and treatment. | this study confirmed reports that angora goats are highly susceptible to cowdria ruminantium and showed that immunization of this breed against heartwater may be difficult hazardous. it was found that if goats were treated on the 2nd or 3rd day of the febrile reaction following the intravenous inoculation of the heartwater agent, few animals survived the infection. if, on the other hand, treatment was instituted on the 1st day of the reaction, the chances of survival were good, but the immunity ... | 1983 | 6634087 |
| treatment and thrombocyte levels in experimentally induced canine ehrlichiosis and canine babesiosis. | three dogs which were carriers of babesia canis were infected with ehrlichia canis. these animals developed clinical signs and haematological evidence of ehrlichiosis and made an uneventful recovery, despite the fact that they were subsequently treated with doxycycline only. three control dogs which were also carriers of b. canis were clinically normal, despite the fact that they showed a distinct drop in the thrombocyte levels associated with increases in the numbers of parasitized red cells. | 1983 | 6676688 |
| invasion of capillary endothelial cells by ehrlichia ondiri. | 1983 | 6836885 | |
| cross immunity between strains of cowdria ruminantium. | cross immunity tests with strains of cowdria ruminantium from south africa, the sudan, são tomé and nigeria failed to demonstrate antigenic differences. the antibiotic ampicillin showed no activity against heartwater. | 1983 | 6195703 |
| serum hyperviscosity syndrome associated with ehrlichia canis infection in a dog. | a 10-year-old male lhasa apso was examined because of pyrexia, vomiting, weight loss, lethargy, and disorientation. the clinical and laboratory findings were supportive of a diagnosis of serum hyperviscosity syndrome associated with an ehrlichia canis infection. after tetracycline therapy the serum hyperviscosity syndrome and e. canis infection were successfully resolved. | 1983 | 12002576 |
| virulence of two strains of cowdria ruminantium in mice and their use to predict drug activity against heartwater. | a study was made of the infectivity of two mouse-adapted strains of cowdria ruminantium in mice. the kwanyanga strain was most virulent in balb/c mice which died nine days after infection with homogenate of liver from infected mice. cd-1 mice were least susceptible of six strains tested. the du plessis strain of c. ruminantium was equally virulent in all six mouse strains. the du plessis strain in cd-1 mice was used as the basis of a drug screen to detect activity against heartwater (c. ruminant ... | 1984 | 6233776 |
| efficacy of pyrethroid-impregnated ear tags for prophylaxis of tick-borne diseases of cattle. | 1984 | 6730269 | |
| isolation and transmission of cowdria ruminantium (causal agent of heartwater disease) in blue nile province, sudan. | heartwater was diagnosed in sheep at the umm banein livestock research station, blue nile province, sudan. cowdria ruminantium was isolated from sheep by subinoculation of blood into a goat. adult amblyomma lepidum ticks fed as nymphs on this goat transmitted heartwater to a friesian (bos taurus) calf. brain stabilates from this calf, either snap-frozen into liquid nitrogen or frozen slowly in a deepfreezer at -70 degrees c, with dmso as cryoprotectant, were infective to cattle when inoculated s ... | 1984 | 6740919 |
| rickettsiaceae and chlamydiaceae: comparative electron microscopic studies. | the structure and cytopathology of obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to families rickettsiaceae and chlamydiaceae and their interaction with eukaryotic host cells were compared in electron microscopic studies. "rickettsia-like" and "chlamydia-like" types of organization of bacterial cells and their interaction with host cells are presented. the rickettsia-like type is characterized by short rod-shaped cells multiplying freely ( extravacuolarly ) in the cytoplasm or nucleoplasm of the hos ... | 1984 | 6145350 |
| fever and changes in plasma zinc and iron concentrations in the goat: the role of leukocytic pyrogen. | in goats with trypanosomiasis (t. vivax or t. congolense) no marked fall in plasma zinc concentration was seen despite high temperature peaks, whereas plasma concentrations of iron tended to undergo some decline. in goats infected with ehrlichia phagocytophila, there was a marked decline in plasma zinc and iron to low values on the 3rd and 4th day, respectively. circulating endogenous pyrogen (ep) or leukocytic endogenous mediator (lem) could not be detected in plasma from febrile goats with tic ... | 1984 | 6392359 |
| [the 1st case of ehrlichiosis in a horse in germany (brief report)]. | 1984 | 6397345 | |
| the immunization of calves against heartwater: subsequent immunity both in the absence and presence of natural tick challenge. | cattle, vaccinated as calves with cowdria ruminantium-infected tick stabilate, were challenged 6, 12 and 24 months later. in the absence of tick challenge, vaccination of calves induced a partial immunity against subsequent challenge at 12 and 24 months. in animals exposed to ticks, the resistance was no better than that of control, unvaccinated cattle. when they were challenged at 6 months of age there was no difference between vaccinated and unvaccinated calves, either in the absence or presen ... | 1984 | 6398415 |
| rickettsial diseases of the far east: new perspectives. | the rickettsial disease of man found only in asia is mite-borne (scrub) typhus, caused by rickettsia tsutsugamushi. unique to southern japan is a little-known human mononucleosis-like disease caused by rickettsia sennetsu. in 1981 and 1982, there was a remarkable resurgence in the number of reported cases of mite-borne typhus in japan after some years of virtual absence. recent studies of r sennetsu have resulted in its reclassification to the genus ehrlichia, members of which until now have bee ... | 1984 | 6425420 |
| the canine ehrlichiosis (tropical canine pancytopenia) epizootic in vietnam and its implications for the veterinary care of military working dogs. | 1984 | 6429572 | |
| ehrlichiosis in a florida horse. | 1984 | 6469848 | |
| rickettsial link with acute equine diarrhoea. | 1984 | 6506415 | |
| causative agent of potomac horse fever. | 1984 | 6516201 | |
| colostrum-derived antibodies to cowdria ruminantium in the serum of calves and lambs. | antibodies to cowdria ruminantium were detected in the serum of calves born from artificially immunized heifers, by means of the indirect fluorescent antibody test, only for as long as 4 weeks after birth. lambs born from artificially immunized ewes, however, were still serologically positive at 8-12 weeks of age. much higher antibody titres were recorded in the sera of ewes and their lambs than in that of heifers and their calves. | 1984 | 6533520 |
| clinical, haematological and blood biochemical changes in goats after experimental infection with tick-borne fever. | tick-borne fever in goats caused by ehrlichia (cytoecetes) phagocytophila was characterised by high fever, dullness, anorexia, tachycardia and a slight to moderate inhibition of rumen motility. the animals developed a gradual decline in the total number of circulating white blood cells. there was a decrease in lymphocytes over a short period, followed by an increase. the number of neutrophils was higher on the 3rd day, causing considerable change in the lymphocyte:neutrophil ratios. the number o ... | 1984 | 6542720 |
| continuous propagation of ehrlichia sennetsu in murine macrophage cell cultures. | ehrlichia sennetsu, the etiologic agent of human sennetsu rickettsiosis was successfully propagated in a continuous cell culture using murine cell lines p388d1 and raw 264. pleomorphic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies similar to ehrlichia canis morulae were observed 3-4 days after second post-inoculation split. in the raw 264 cell line e. sennetsu was not seen until the third passage. relatively heavier infection was observed in p388d1 than in raw cell line. the latter reached a maximum of 15% infec ... | 1985 | 4025693 |
| in vitro cultivation of cowdria ruminantium. | cowdria ruminantium was cultivated in a calf endothelial cell line after the cells had been irradiated at 45 & 90 gy. another experiment in which the inoculum and non-irradiated cells were centrifuged together also yielded positive results. in some irradiated cultures, colonies of organisms could be demonstrated microscopically up to 70 days after the cultures had been inoculated with infected tick stabilate. the infectivity of cultures, even after 4 passages and 88 days post-inoculation, was de ... | 1985 | 3900854 |
| a method for determining the cowdria ruminantium infection rate of amblyomma hebraeum: effects in mice injected with tick homogenates. | amblyomma hebraeum ticks, collected in the field and individually homogenized, were injected into mice. thirteen out of 240 ticks were shown to be infected with the heartwater agent. antibodies against cowdria ruminantium were detected in the sera of the mice by means of the indirect fluorescent antibody test. giemsa-stained smears, prepared from the haemocytes of the ticks, revealed morphologically different forms of the heartwater agent. a strain of c. ruminantium, designated the welgevonden s ... | 1985 | 3900855 |
| a light and electron microscopic examination of ehrlichia sennetsu in cultured human endothelial cells. | umbilical cord-derived human endothelial cells were used for the propagation of ehrlichia sennetsu. scanning electron microscopic studies revealed numerous pleomorphic ehrlichiae extending from the surface of infected human endothelial cells. transmission electron microscopic examination of the cells revealed e. sennetsu-induced cytopathic changes at the ultrastructural level. ehrlichiae of variable size, shape and density were located individually and in clusters enclosed within membrane lined ... | 1985 | 3913788 |
| atypical findings in 16 cases of canine ehrlichiosis. | sixteen cases of clinically and serologically diagnosed canine ehrlichiosis were studied retrospectively. findings not previously reported included diffuse, pulmonary interstitial radiopacities; weak-positive results for blastomycosis, using agar gel immunodiffusion; normal platelet counts; hemorrhage despite platelet counts greater than 100,000/mm3, and positive results for platelet factor 3 and antinuclear antibody assays. these atypical findings showed that the differential diagnosis of canin ... | 1985 | 3918976 |
| the incidence of canine haematozoa in peninsular malaysia. | in 3 urban areas in selangor, peninsular malaysia between 1973 and 1981, blood from 4084 dogs was examined for haematozoa. the following frequencies were found: babesia gibsoni 17.7%; microfilariae of dirofilaria immitis 9.6%; hepatozoon canis 1.2%; b. canis 1.1%; ehrlichia canis 0.2%; trypanosoma evansi 0.1%. a detailed examination of b. gibsoni infections and microfilariasis due to d. immitis with regards to monthly distribution, breed frequency, sex and age, revealed that pedigree and non-ped ... | 1985 | 3922103 |
| clinical and hematologic findings in canine ehrlichiosis. | the clinical and hematologic findings for 56 dogs with ehrlichiosis were studied retrospectively. all dogs had a high serum antibody titer to ehrlichia canis. the frequency of bleeding disorders, thrombocytopenia, and pancytopenia in these dogs was lower than previously described for dogs so affected. a bleeding disorder caused by a suspected qualitative platelet defect was found in some dogs that did not have thrombocytopenia. megakaryocytic hyperplasia and high numbers of plasma cells were obs ... | 1985 | 3972694 |
| rocky mountain spotted fever in dogs and its differentiation from canine ehrlichiosis. | rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf) or ehrlichiosis was diagnosed in dogs on the basis of specific immunofluorescent testing for each disease. comparisons between clinical and laboratory findings were made between the 2 diseases. the incidence of rmsf tended to be more seasonal and it affected younger dogs. purebred dogs appeared to be more susceptible to both diseases. in general, rmsf had a more rapid and severe course of clinical illness than did ehrlichiosis, but acute ehrlichiosis was diffi ... | 1985 | 3972706 |
| heartwater in the caribbean: isolation of cowdria ruminantium from antigua. | adult ambylomma variegatum ticks were collected from 184 cattle, 13 sheep and one goat in antigua, and ground in phosphate buffered saline. the resultant supernates were cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. five supernate pools, each derived from approximately 100 ticks collected from different herds, were thawed and each was inoculated intravenously into a separate experimental goat. one goat exhibited a febrile response with cowdria ruminantium demonstrable in brain biopsies; after recovery, this ... | 1985 | 3984174 |
| more on canine ehrlichiosis. | 1985 | 3997635 | |
| more on canine ehrlichiosis. | 1985 | 3997636 | |
| heartwater challenge of two cape buffalo (syncerus caffer). | two fifth generation male cape buffalo (syncerus caffer) born in a european zoo, produced no signs of disease when injected with cowdria ruminantium infected blood. it would suggest that this species has an inate natural resistance to heartwater. | 1985 | 3999108 |
| intradermal transmission of potomac horse fever. | 1985 | 4002597 | |
| heartwater in angora goats. ii. a pathological study of artificially infected, treated and untreated goats. | pathological lesions in untreated angora goats infected with the ball3 strain of cowdria ruminantium corresponded with those previously reported. a severe nephrosis was the most prominent pathological lesion in the animals treated after the 1st day of the febrile reaction. renal ischaemia appears to be central to the pathogenesis of the kidney lesions. | 1985 | 4011152 |
| ultrastructural study of ehrlichial organisms in the large colons of ponies infected with potomac horse fever. | potomac horse fever is characterized by fever, anorexia, leukopenia, profuse watery diarrhea, dehydration, and high mortality. an ultrastructural investigation was made to search for any unusual microorganisms in the digestive system, lymphatic organs, and blood cells of ponies that had developed clinical signs after transfusion with whole blood from horses naturally infected with potomac horse fever. a consistent finding was the presence of rickettsial organisms in the wall of the intestinal tr ... | 1985 | 4030091 |
| causative ehrlichial organisms in potomac horse fever. | an ehrlichia was consistently isolated from the peripheral blood leukocyte fraction of ponies that had been experimentally infected with potomac horse fever by whole blood transfusion from naturally infected horses. the organism was propagated in a human histiocyte cell line for 3 to 5 weeks and then inoculated intravenously or intradermally into healthy adult ponies. clinical signs of potomac horse fever, which varied in the degree of severity, occurred 9 to 14 days post-inoculation in all of t ... | 1985 | 4030092 |
| experimental reproduction of potomac horse fever in horses with a newly isolated ehrlichia organism. | potomac horse fever, a recently recognized disease of equines, characterized by high fever, leukopenia, and a profuse diarrhea, was studied for its etiology. an ehrlichia organism was isolated in equine macrophage-fibroblast cell cultures and mouse macrophage cell cultures from the mononuclear cells of blood of infected horses. the agent was continuously propagated in mouse macrophage cell cultures. the organism multiplied in the cytoplasm of mouse macrophage cells and was identified by giemsa s ... | 1985 | 4031040 |
| the pathology of heartwater. i. a study of mice infected with the welgevonden strain of cowdria ruminantium. | gross and microscopical lesions in mice intravenously infected with the welgevonden strain of cowdria ruminantium closely resembled the lesions described in cattle, sheep and goats. a high concentration of organisms was present in alveolar endothelial cells. cytopathic changes in parasitized and non-parasitized endothelial cells and the morphology of the organisms are described and compared with the ball3 strain of c. ruminantium. possible mechanisms in the development of the lung oedema are con ... | 1985 | 4047619 |
| the pathology of heartwater. ii. a study of the lung lesions in sheep and goats infected with the ball3 strain of cowdria ruminantium. | lung lesions in sheep and goats infected with the ball3 strain of cowdria ruminantium corresponded with those reported in mice infected with the welgevonden strain of cowdria ruminantium. ultrastructural changes in the alveolar endothelial and epithelial cells are described and the pathogenesis of the lung oedema is briefly discussed. | 1985 | 4047620 |
| equine monocytic ehrlichiosis in illinois. | 1985 | 4055495 | |
| adverse reaction to oxytetracycline in a dog. | 1985 | 4060559 | |
| potomac horse fever agent in mice. | 1985 | 4082426 | |
| isolation of cowdria ruminantium by cellular affinity chromatography and detection by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the isolation of cowdria ruminantium by means of wheat germ lectin affinity chromatography as described in this paper permits the recovery of partially purified viable organisms under mild conditions in short time. these conclusions are based upon results of analyses of column fractions by intravenous inoculation into sheep, protein determination, electronmicroscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the entire purification procedure could be completed in 4-5 hours using only either infected ... | 1985 | 4088636 |
| the natural resistance of cattle to artificial infection with cowdria ruminantium: the role played by conglutinin. | the conglutinin titres of year-old bonsmara-cross cattle infected with cowdria ruminantium were inversely proportional to the severity of the reactions elicited by the infection. there was no correlation, however, between conglutinin levels of 8-month-old calves of the same breed, sex and origin and their susceptibility to heartwater. the role possibly played by conglutinin in the non-specific resistance of cattle to heartwater and in the epidemiology of the disease is discussed. | 1985 | 4088641 |
| [a strain of cowdria ruminantium isolated in guadeloupe (french west indies)]. | 1985 | 3837922 | |
| isolation, experimental transmission, and characterization of causative agent of potomac horse fever. | potomac horse fever, a disease characterized by fever, anorexia, leukopenia, and occasional diarrhea, is fatal in approximately 30 percent of affected animals. the seasonal occurrence of the disease (june to october) and evidence of antibodies to the rickettsia ehrlichia sennetsu in the serum of convalescing horses suggested that a related rickettsia might be the causative agent. such an agent was isolated in cultured blood monocytes from an experimentally infected pony. this intracytoplasmic or ... | 1985 | 3880925 |
| experimental and clinical trials of long acting oxytetracycline in the treatment of canine ehrlichiosis. | four splenectomized dogs were experimentally infected with ehrlichia canis and treated at the point of illness with long acting (la) oxytetracycline at different dosages. terramycin la, when given at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight (deep intramuscularly) twice, at a four-day interval, was found to have effectively controlled the disease and has replaced the usual 7-14 successive days' treatment regimen when other groups of tetracycline drugs are used. predef 2x at the rate of 2 mg given intramusc ... | 1985 | 3892880 |
| adaptation of ehrlichia sennetsu to canine blood monocytes: preliminary structural and serological studies with cell culture-derived ehrlichia sennetsu. | ehrlichia sennetsu, the causative agent of human sennetsu rickettsiosis, was successfully propagated in primary canine blood monocyte cultures. the growth cycle of this organism appears to be similar to that of ehrlichia canis. the antigen derived from our e. sennetsu cultures was used to develop an indirect fluorescent antibody test for detection and titration of serum antibodies to the organism. using this test system, we found that five human serum samples obtained from patients clinically di ... | 1985 | 2985504 |
| isolation of cowdria ruminantium by means of percoll density gradient centrifugation and detection by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the isolation of cowdria ruminantium by means of percoll density gradient centrifugation permits the recovery of partially purified viable populations of the organism possessing distinctly different densities. these conclusions are based upon results of analyses of density fractions by intravenous inoculation into sheep, protein determination, electron microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. morphological differences were observed in the density fractions obtained from infected brain t ... | 1986 | 3014417 |
| comparison of diluents for maintaining the viability of cowdria ruminantium. | thirteen solutions were compared to determine the optimal diluent for preservation of the viability of the kwanyanga isolate of cowdria ruminantium. they included the 2 diluents commonly used with c ruminantium and diluents proved effective with other rickettsiae. the capability of each diluent to maintain the viability of c ruminantium over a 3-hour period at room temperature was assessed by comparing the survival distributions of groups of outbred albino mice after they were inoculated iv with ... | 1986 | 3524325 |
| fluorescent antibody technique to detect cowdria ruminantium in in vitro-cultured macrophages and buffy coats from cattle, sheep, and goats. | fluorescent antibody tests, giemsa stain, and electron microscopy were used to detect colonies of cowdria ruminantium in in vitro-cultured macrophages and buffy coats from heartwater-infected cattle, sheep, and goats. antibodies were obtained from c ruminantium-infected cattle, sheep, and goats treated with a small dose of oxytetracycline hcl. cowdria ruminantium elementary bodies were small-coccus forms (0.14 micron) and large-coccus forms (0.22 micron to 0.6 micron). the size of inclusion bodi ... | 1986 | 3524326 |
| diagnosis of equine monocytic ehrlichiosis (potomac horse fever) by indirect immunofluorescence. | the recent establishment of a system for the continuous in vitro propagation of ehrlichia risticii, the causative agent of equine monocytic ehrlichiosis (eme; synonym, potomac horse fever), has facilitated the development of an indirect fluorescent antibody test for the diagnosis of this disease under laboratory and field conditions. the field diagnostic application of the test has aided in the recognition of the disease in 16 states of the united states and in 1 province of canada. a limited ep ... | 1986 | 3525479 |
| ehrlichia canis-related polyarthritis in a dog. | ehrlichia canis-related polyarthritis was diagnosed in a 7-month-old boxer. the diagnosis was based on intraneutrophilic morulae found in synovial fluid specimens, thrombocytopenia, a positive result for indirect fluorescent antibody testing for e canis, the presence on the dog of the known vector of e canis infection (rhipicephalus sanguineus), and a favorable response to treatment with tetracycline hydrochloride. the dog has had no recurrence of lameness for 18 months after cessation of treatm ... | 1986 | 3533872 |
| ehrlichia of potomac horse fever identified with a silver stain. | 1986 | 2428158 | |
| anorexia during febrile conditions in dwarf goats. the effect of diazepam, flurbiprofen and naloxone. | the most common sign of febrile diseases is anorexia, which develops at a time when adequate caloric and micronutrient availability may be critical. in order to study the relationship of fever and anorexia, feed intake in dwarf goats was studied under conditions of fever and antipyresis. furthermore, experiments were done to establish whether a feed intake stimulant would override the anorexia during febrile conditions. infection with ehrlichia phagocytophila and i.v. injection of escherichia co ... | 1986 | 3541357 |
| characterization of the subclinical phase of ehrlichiosis in dogs. | prevalence of subclinical ehrlichia canis infection in a mississippi kennel was 53%. most of the dogs probably had been infected for 4 or 5 years. the subclinical phase of the infection was characterized by high antibody titers to e canis (9 of 10 dogs with titers of 1:5, 120), hyperglobulinemia (9 of 10 dogs), thrombocytopenia (5 of 10), absolute lymphocytosis (4 of 10), and absolute neutropenia (3 of 10). the dogs had normal pcv, serum albumin concentrations, and urine protein excretion. findi ... | 1986 | 3733499 |
| effect of tick-borne fever on the disposition of sulphadimidine and its metabolites in plasma of goats. | the effect of tick-borne fever (tbf) on the plasma disposition of sulphadimidine (sdm) and its metabolites in goats was studied. in uninfected goats, sdm was extensively metabolised mainly by hydroxylation, glucuronidation and to a minor extent by acetylation. in tbf infected goats the hydroxylation of sdm into 6-methylhydroxysulphadimidine (sch2oh) as well as into 5-hydroxysulphadimidine (soh) was markedly reduced (-57.6 and -63.6 per cent, respectively). an unidentified metabolite (metabolite ... | 1986 | 3738235 |
| the orange-yellow pigment of heartwater-infected angora goats. | heartwater is a highly fatal disease of ruminants in south africa, caused by the parasite cowdria ruminantium. a consistent pigment, associated with serum albumin, could be readily extracted from heartwater exudates and serum samples using n-butanol. the pigment gave a characteristic absorption spectrum between 400 and 500 nm which was absent in control serum samples. rp-hplc of the isolated pigment revealed two components with absorption maxima at 440 and 460 nm and mol. wts of 558 and 1239. th ... | 1986 | 3743022 |
| equine ehrlichial colitis (potomac horse fever): recognition of the disease in pennsylvania, new jersey, new york, ohio, idaho, and connecticut. | equine ehrlichial colitis (potomac horse fever), a newly identified colitis of the horse, was first recognized in maryland. in this report, we document occurrence of the disease in pennsylvania, new jersey, new york, ohio, idaho, and connecticut. enzootic areas were recognized by a characteristic pattern. frequently there was a seasonal pattern and high prevalence of sporadic colitis in unstressed horses. the attack rate per farm generally was low. horses on pasture, as well as those stabled, we ... | 1986 | 3744978 |
| enterocolitis caused by ehrlichia sp. in the horse (potomac horse fever). | potomac horse fever was reproduced in 15 ponies by transfusion of whole blood originally from two natural cases and subsequently from ponies infected by the transfusions. incubation periods varied from 9 to 15 days. affected ponies developed varying degrees of fever, diarrhea, anorexia, depression, and leukopenia. eleven affected ponies were killed, three died in the acute phase of the disease, and one did not show clinical signs. the most consistent post-mortem findings were fluid contents in t ... | 1986 | 3750739 |
| colitis: differential diagnosis and treatment. | equine colitis characterised by diarrhoea and/or pain may be caused by a wide variety of bacterial, viral, protozoal agents and toxins. the causative agent of potomac horse fever, ehrlichia risticii, is the most recently recognised cause of colitis. salmonella, the agent typically associated with colitis, also causes abdominal pain (colic) of variable intensity. acute colitis is also caused by colitis x, various antibiotics, endotoxic shock and peritonitis caused by arterial infarction. the prin ... | 1986 | 3758005 |
| heartwater: an in vitro study of the ultrastructure of cowdria ruminatium. | notwithstanding morphological differences, the ultrastructure of cowdria ruminatium cultured in vitro concurred to a large extent with that in previous in vivo studies. two distinct forms of the organism, elementary and reticulate bodies, and a 3rd group of intermediate organisms were identified. organisms within a particular vacuole were generally a specific form, but in cells containing many colonies different forms were present in the same colony. most organisms were enveloped by 2 membranes ... | 1986 | 3763168 |
| observations on mouse-infective stocks of cowdria ruminantium: attempts to demonstrate antigenic changes of the kwanyanga stock in mice. | starting from a stabilate of caprine blood infected with the kwanyanga stock of cowdria ruminantium, eight serial passages were made in groups of mice, and eight parallel serial passages in goats. cross-immunity tests in goats and mice failed to demonstrate any difference between stabilates made after the eighth passage. the kwanyanga stock was of exceptionally low virulence for dutch goats. | 1986 | 3764108 |
| uveitis associated with ehrlichia platys infection in a dog. | bilateral anterior uveitis, nonregenerative anemia, and thrombocytopenia were found in a 9-month-old chow chow infected with ehrlichia platys. diagnosis was based on the finding of basophilic inclusions in platelets and an e platys antibody titer. the dog was treated orally with tetracycline, topically with antibiotic/corticosteroid, and topically with a mydriatic. | 1986 | 3771363 |
| attempted transmission of ehrlichia risticii by field-captured dermacentor variabilis (acari: ixodidae). | the capability of field-collected american dog ticks, dermacentor variabilis, to infect horses with ehrlichia risticii, causative agent of potomac horse fever (phf), was examined by allowing adult ticks collected from horse farms with a history of phf to feed on susceptible horses. more than 500 male and female ticks attached and fed on 3 test horses; however, no clinical or serologic evidence of phf was observed in treated or control horses. all horses were challenge exposed with e risticii-inf ... | 1986 | 3789501 |
| detection of cowdria ruminantium antigen and antibody during the course of heartwater disease in sheep by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect cowdria ruminantium antibodies during the course of heartwater disease. igm antibodies reached a maximum on the 4th day after infection and disappeared on the 7th day. igg antibodies first appeared on the 8th day and continued to increase during the remainder of the observation period of 28 days. the presence of c. ruminantium in the blood fractions of diseased animals was demonstrated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the earliest d ... | 1986 | 3796945 |
| serological relationship between cowdria ruminantium and certain ehrlichia. | 1986 | 3798697 | |
| the efficacy and plasma disposition of chloramphenicol and spiramycin in tick-borne fever-infected dwarf goats. | 1986 | 3806783 | |
| chemotherapy and pharmacokinetics of some antimicrobial agents in healthy dwarf goats and those infected with ehrlichia phagocytophila (tick-borne fever). | the therapeutic efficacy and pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline (10 mg kg-1), ampicillin (20 mg kg-1) and a combination (tss) of trimethoprim (20 mg kg-1), sulphadimidine (50 mg kg-1) and sulphamethylphenazole (50 mg kg-1) were investigated in normal dwarf goats and in those infected with ehrlichia phagocytophila. goats given oxytetracycline or tss intravenously showed improvement, whereas ampicillin was ineffective. the infected goats had significantly prolonged elimination half-life values fo ... | 1986 | 3809731 |
| proof of transovarial transmission of cowdria ruminantium by amblyomma herbraeum. | transovarial transmission of cowdria ruminantium by amblyomma hebraeum does occur in certain instances. both the transovarial and the filial infection rates appear to be very low. the infection may reappear only in the adults or nymphae, or in all 3 stages of the tick's life cycle. | 1986 | 3960489 |
| the detection of antibodies to cowdria ruminantium in serum and c. ruminantium antigen in amblyomma hebraeum by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | a sensitive and reliable enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to cowdria ruminantium in serum and c. ruminantium antigen in amblyomma hebraeum nymphae is described. for the screening of antibodies, c. ruminantium from a. hebraeum nymphae, partially purified by wheat-germ lectin affinity chromatography, was used as antigen. to screen nymph populations, sera from either ball 3 strain-infected sheep or kumm-strain infected mice were used. by using appropriate controls t ... | 1986 | 3960490 |
| ehrlichia equi infection in a foal. | 1987 | 3818434 | |
| detection of serum antibodies against ehrlichia risticii in potomac horse fever by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed which was specific and sensitive in detecting antibodies to ehrlichia risticii in potomac horse fever (phf). the elisa antibody titers were correlated with the indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) titers. e. risticii propagated in human histiocyte culture was purified on renografin gradient and the band of the organisms at a density of 1.182 g/ml was used as antigen. elisa antibody titers were determined through computer assisted ... | 1987 | 3824902 |
| clinical and hematologic variables in ponies with experimentally induced equine ehrlichial colitis (potomac horse fever). | the clinical and hematologic variables of 10 ponies with experimentally induced equine ehrlichial colitis (eec; syn: potomac horse fever) were studied for a 30-day period (6 ponies) or until death (4 ponies). the earliest clinical sign indicative of eec was fever (rectal temperature exceeding 39 c). all ponies became depressed (cns) at various times during the disease, and 90% of the ponies developed diarrhea between 9 and 15 days after infection was induced. the most significant hematologic cha ... | 1987 | 3826843 |
| questions diagnosis of ehrlichiosis. | 1987 | 3558063 | |
| equine ehrlichiosis in northern california: 49 cases (1968-1981). | case records of horses with equine ehrlichiosis (ehrlichia equi) at the university of california veterinary medical teaching hospital and ackerman creek large animal clinic were analyzed for evaluation of clinical signs, time of onset, hematologic values, response to treatment, and recovery. equine ehrlichiosis was found to be seasonal in horses in the foothills of northern california, with higher incidence than reported previously. the horses developed fever, anorexia, depression, limb edema, i ... | 1987 | 3558086 |
| heartwater infection (cowdriosis) in a sitatunga (tragelaphus spekei) in nigeria. | cowdria ruminantium was isolated from a natural infection of heartwater in a captive sitatunga (tragelaphus spekei) which died after a short illness in jos zoo, nigeria. the isolate killed laboratory mice in a shorter period of time than did isolates of c. ruminantium recovered from natural cases in cattle. this is the first confirmed case of heartwater in a captive wild ruminant in nigeria, where the disease is endemic. | 1987 | 3586198 |
| susceptibility of white-tailed deer to experimental heartwater infections. | nine white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) were experimentally infected with cowdria ruminantium, the causal agent of heartwater. all deer developed clinical signs; one was killed, one was treated, and seven died within 2 wk postinoculation. diagnosis of heartwater was based on clinical signs, postmortem lesions and by microscopic observation of c. ruminantium in endothelial cells of brain capillaries of dead animals. cowdria ruminantium was passaged by collecting blood from deer at the hei ... | 1987 | 3586199 |
| unexplained febrile illnesses after exposure to ticks. infection with an ehrlichia? | the ehrlichia are tick-borne rickettsial organisms that cause disease in animals throughout the world but that have been previously recognized as human pathogens only in asia. we have identified six patients with serological evidence of recent infection with an ehrlichia: a fourfold or greater rise or fall in titer to ehrlichia canis. all of the patients reported recent tick bites. rigors, myalgia, headache, nausea, and anorexia were each reported by five patients. fever was present in all patie ... | 1987 | 3586228 |
| ultrastructural features of cowdria ruminantium in midgut epithelial cells and salivary glands of nymphal amblyomma hebraeum. | colonies of cowdria ruminantium were studied in midgut epithelial cells and salivary gland acini of nymphal amblyomma hebraeum that were infected experimentally as larvae. colonies were found in both tissues and studied with light and electron microscopy. colonies observed within gut cells frequently contained 2 types of the organism: electron-dense and reticulated forms. the morphology of colonies from salivary glands, as seen with light microscopy, varied from compact, densely-staining, small ... | 1987 | 3587934 |
| the effect of tick-borne fever on metabolism and renal clearance of sulfadimidine in goats. | the tick-borne fever (tbf) model was used to study the effect of fever on the metabolism of sulfadimidine in goats. during tbf the elimination half-lives were prolonged, and the renal clearance values of sulfadimidine and the majority of its metabolites were markedly diminished compared with those in the uninfected state. during tbf the steady-state levels of the hydroxy metabolites were markedly increased. tbf reduced the extent of hydroxymethylation of the pyrimidine side chain; tbf did not af ... | 1987 | 3588248 |
| improved clinical approach to the diagnosis of canine ehrlichiosis. | canine ehrlichiosis is being recognised with increasing frequency in many parts of the world. based upon a detailed clinical and laboratory examination including a simple in vitro blood culture diagnostic test 373 cases have been classified into seven broad groups. these groups include acute, haemorrhagic, chronic, uraemic, subclinical, carrier state and those with babesiosis. while many of these groups overlap they will assist the clinician in diagnosis and allow the application of specific the ... | 1987 | 3603708 |
| tickborne diseases in georgia, 1986. | 1987 | 3625055 | |
| human infection with ehrlichia canis. | 1987 | 3627212 | |
| [ehrlichia phagocytophila as the agent of grazing fever in the berne highlands]. | 1987 | 3629210 | |
| evaluation of leptotrombidium (leptotrombidium) fletcheri (acari: trombiculidae) as a potential vector of ehrlichia sennetsu. | 1987 | 3669025 | |
| acute ehrlichia platys infection in the dog. | ten dogs were inoculated with ehrlichia platys (e. platys) from an acutely infected dog. two dogs were necropsied on each of days 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 post-inoculation, and tissues were collected and either fixed in formalin or frozen for light microscopic examination of lesions or e. platys antigen localization in tissues. serum antibody titers to e. platys and serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities were also determined. the significant ... | 1987 | 3672811 |
| isolation of ehrlichia risticii, the causative agent of potomac horse fever, from the fetus of an experimentally infected mare. | 1987 | 3672833 |