Publications

differences among six salmonella serovars in abilities to colonize reproductive organs and to contaminate eggs in laying hens.	the abilities of salmonella serovars to colonize the reproductive organs of chickens and to contaminate eggs were compared. mature laying hens were inoculated intravenously with 10(5) colony-forming units of salmonella enteritidis, salmonella typhimurium, salmonella infantis, salmonella hadar, salmonella heidelberg, or salmonella montevideo to cause the systemic infection. salmonella enteritidis was recovered from three yolks of the laid eggs (7.0%), suggesting egg contamination from the transov ...	2001	11332500
irradiation inactivation of four salmonella serotypes in orange juices with various turbiditiest.	reconstituted orange juice inoculated with salmonella anatum, salmonella infantis, salmonella newport, or salmonella stanley was treated with gamma radiation at 2 degrees c. to determine the relationship between juice antioxidant power and dgamma (dose required to achieve 90% mortality), juice solids were removed prior to inoculation by centrifugation and/or filtration to create juice preparations of varying turbidity. in unadulterated orange juice, salmonella anatum (dgamma = 0.71 kgy) was sign ...	2001	11347989
differences in abilities to colonize reproductive organs and to contaminate eggs in intravaginally inoculated hens and in vitro adherences to vaginal explants between salmonella enteritidis and other salmonella serovars.	in experiment 1, mature laying hens were inoculated intravaginally with 10(6) colony-forming units of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis), salmonella typhimurium, salmonella infantis, salmonella hadar, salmonella heidelberg, or salmonella montevideo to compare their abilities to colonize the reproductive organs of chickens and to contaminate eggs. salmonella enteritidis was more frequently recovered (from 11 of 40 eggs, 27.5%) than the other serovars, and especially the inne ...	2001	11785900
salmonella meningitis in adults infected with hiv: case report and review of the literature.	we report a case of salmonella infantis meningitis in a patient infected with hiv who was successfully treated with 4 weeks of therapy and has had no relapses after 12 months of follow-up. only 10 episodes of salmonella species meningitis in patients infected with hiv are reported in the literature.	2002	12018670
salmonella infection-associated acute rhabdomyolysis. some pathogenic considerations.	rhabdomyolysis is a syndrome characterized by extended myolysis, elevation of serum aminotransferases and creatine kinase, and myoglobinuria. it is a rare but well-established complication of a spectrum of infectious diseases. salmonella infections have been connected with this syndrome as well. we present here the case of a 58-year-old female affected by charcot-marie-tooth (cmt) disease, a type of hereditary neuropathy, who presented with acute renal failure and rhabdomyolysis syndrome in the ...	2002	12031641
surface plasmon resonance (biacore) detection of serum antibodies against salmonella enteritidis and salmonella typhimurium.	we have used a surface plasmon resonance biosensor (biacore 3000) to detect serum antibodies in chickens having current or recent infections. three well-defined salmonella flagellar recombinant dna antigens reflecting salmonella enteritidis (h:g,m flagellin) and salmonella typhimurium (h:i and h:1,2 flagellins) expressed in escherichia coli were each immobilized in a single flow cell of a biosensor chip. glutathione-s-transferase was immobilized on the surface of another flow cell to monitor non ...	2002	12133620
human salmonellosis associated with young poultry from a contaminated hatchery in michigan and the resulting public health interventions, 1999 and 2000.	although approximately 95% of disease caused by nontyphoidal salmonella is transmitted by foodborne vehicles, four documented salmonella outbreaks in the 1990s have been traced to contact with young poultry. no environmental studies of source hatcheries were completed. this case-control study was performed by comparing culture-confirmed salmonella infantis in michigan residents, identified between may and july 1999, with two age- and neighbourhood-matched controls. eighty environmental and bird ...	2002	12211587
infection due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype infantis in a neonatal unit.	to describe the investigation and control of an outbreak of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype infantis in a neonatal unit in brazil.	2002	12219059
salmonella spp. on chicken carcasses in processing plants in poland.	chickens at selected points in the slaughter process and after slaughter on the dressing line in poultry plants were sampled and analyzed for salmonella. these chickens came from the northeast part of poland. the examinations were carried out in quarters i, ii, iii, and iv of 1999. all the birds were determined to be healthy by a veterinary inspection. swab samples were taken from the cloaca after stunning and from the skin surface and body cavity of the whole bird after evisceration, after rins ...	2002	12233861
application of molecular methods for identification of strains classified as salmonella enterica serovar 6, 7:-:- by conventional serotyping.	an increased prevalence of salmonella enterica serovar tennessee (6, 7: z(29):-) was observed in broiler flocks in denmark in 1994 and a parallel increase in the prevalence of salmonella enterica serovar 6, 7:-:- was demonstrated, albeit at a lower level. plasmid profiling and ribotyping revealed similar genotypes and it was speculated that serovar 6, 7:-:- could represent a non-motile variant of salmonella tennessee. re-testing of the salmonella 6, 7:-:- isolates demonstrated the presence of fl ...	2002	12396350
quantitative comparison of intestinal invasion of zoonotic serotypes of salmonella enterica in poultry.	the aim of the present study was to compare the invasion of selected zoonotic salmonella serotypes of poultry in an in vivo chicken intestinal loop model and also in vitro in epithelial cell cultures. invasion was measured relative to a reference strain, salmonella typhimurium 4/74 invh201::tnphoa. two serotypes demonstrated intracellular log(10) counts that differed significantly from all other serotypes tested: salmonella enteritidis pt4 being 1.5 log(10) colony forming units (cfu) (31-fold) h ...	2002	12425791
inactivation by ionizing radiation of salmonella enteritidis, salmonella infantis, and vibrio parahaemolyticus in oysters (crassostrea brasiliana).	irradiation is considered one of the most efficient technological processes for the reduction of microorganisms in food. it can be used to improve the safety of food products, and to extend their shelf lives. oysters are considered one of the most important vehicles for pathogenic bacteria because of their feeding characteristics. the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of a gamma radiation process on high levels of salmonella enteritidis, salmonella infantis, and vibrio parahaemolyt ...	2003	12801004
analysis of the clonal relationship among clinical isolates of salmonella enterica serovar infantis by different typing methods.	salmonella infantis has been the second most common serovar in argentina in the last two years, being isolated mostly from paediatric hospitalised patients. in order to determine the clonal relationship among salmonella infantis strains, we examined 15 isolates from paediatric patient faeces in argentina (12 geographically related and 3 geographically non-related) by using antimicrobial susceptibility, plasmid profiling, repetitive extragenic palindromic (rep) pcr, enterobacterial repetitive int ...	2003	12870059
effect of a commerical competitive exclusion product on the colonization of salmonella infantis in day-old pheasant chicks.	one-day-of-age pheasant chicks were treated orally with the competitive exclusion product broilact in three replicate trials. the following day the treated chicks and untreated control chicks were challenged likewise with approximately 10(3) colony-forming units (cfu) of salmonella infantis. five days after challenge the cecal contents of the birds were examined quantitatively and by enrichment for s. infantis. in all three trials broilact effectively reduced colonization of the challenge organi ...	2003	14708995
antibacterial activity of extracts from some edible plants commonly consumed in asia.	extracts of edible plants (26 species) from china, japan, thailand and yemen were screened for their antibacterial activity against bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli and salmonella infantis. buffered methanol (80% methanol and 20% pbs) and acetone extracted inhibitory substances against tested bacteria from 16 plants, as revealed by the disc assay. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of extracts determined by the agar dilution method ranged ...	2003	12423924
antimicrobial susceptibility of salmonella isolated from cattle, swine and poultry (2001-2002): report from the japanese veterinary antimicrobial resistance monitoring program.	the japanese veterinary antimicrobial resistance monitoring (jvarm) program was established in 1999 to examine the susceptibility of bacteria from food-producing animals to antimicrobial agents. this study tested the susceptibility of salmonella isolates collected during 2001-2002 to 20 antimicrobials. materials and methods: mics of antimicrobial agents were determined using the nccls agar dilution method, and interpreted according to breakpoints obtained from the bimodal mic distributions.	2004	14729740
studies to determine the critical control points in pork slaughter hazard analysis and critical control point systems.	aerobic mesophilic counts (amc), coliform (cc) and coliform resuscitation counts (crcs) were obtained by swabbing 50 cm(2) areas at three sites (ham, belly and neck) on pig carcasses, after each of seven stages of the slaughter/dressing process (bleeding, scalding, dehairing, singeing, polishing, evisceration and chilling). in most cases, there were no statistical differences (p>0.05) among the counts derived by these three methods. reductions in counts at individual sites were observed after sc ...	2004	14751688
[rapid diagnosis of common pathogenic bacteria infection in newborn infants by 16srdna oligonucleotide array].	the rapid identification of pathogenic bacteria is important for earlier effective patient management and antimicrobial therapy, especially for the infant patient, whose immunological system is not fully developed. however conventional microbiogical techniques of bacterial identification, culture and isolation of pathogenic bacteria, identification by biochemistry and serological assay, are time-consuming and require intensive labor. on the basis of special gene sequence, pcr provides simple and ...	2004	15482667
work-related symptoms and salmonella antibodies among wastewater treatment plant workers.	wastewater treatment plant workers are exposed to microbes, including salmonella, but the prevalence of antibodies against salmonella species or serovars in their serum samples has not been studied. antibodies against salmonella infantis and lipopolysaccharide antigen common to s. enteritidis and s. typhimurium in immunoglobulin classes iga, igm and igg were measured from 79 serum samples of wastewater treatment plant workers and from 79 blood donor samples. faecal samples for salmonella and cam ...	2005	16050504
antimicrobial resistance in isolates of salmonella spp. from pigs and the characterization of an s. infantis gene cassette.	one hundred and seven salmonella isolates of various serotypes were investigated for resistance to a panel of nine antimicrobial agents by standardized methods. thirty four isolates were susceptible to the selected antimicrobial agents. thirty-six (of 107) were resistant to three or more antimicrobial agents and defined as multidrug resistant (mdr). salmonella typhimurium was the most resistant serotype. all resistant isolates were examined for the presence of class 1 integrons. thirty-two integ ...	2005	16156708
the distribution of salmonella serovars in chicken and humans in lithuania.	we studied serovars of salmonella strains isolated from chicken and humans in lithuania over the period from 2000 to 2004. salmonella strains were isolated and identified according to the techniques recommended by international organisation for standardization (microbiology of food and animal feeding stuff--horizontal method for the detection of salmonella, 1998, iso, geneva). the per cent of infected flocks with salmonella in separate years was between 1.01% and 3.2% during the period of invest ...	2006	16411901
antimicrobial resistance types and genes in salmonella enterica infantis isolates from retail raw chicken meat and broiler chickens on farms.	salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype infantis isolates from retail raw chicken meat (n = 98) and broiler chickens on farms (n = 70) were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility and antimicrobial resistance genes. a total of 15 antimicrobial resistance types, 14 in meat and 10 in broiler isolates, were identified, and 9 of the 15 types were indistinguishable between meat and broiler isolates. resistance to both oxytetracycline and dihydrostreptomycin accounted for 94.0% of the resistanc ...	2006	16416922
multiplication and motility of salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis, infantis, and montevideo in in vitro contamination models of eggs.	the invasive ability of salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis, infantis, and montevideo in eggs was examined. strains of these serovars originating from egg contents, laying chicken houses, and human patients were experimentally inoculated (0.1-ml dose containing 78 to 178 cells) onto the vitelline membrane of eggs collected from specific-pathogen-free chickens and incubated at 25 degrees c. the test strains were detected in 25 of 138 yolk contents by day 6, indicating the penetration of salm ...	2006	16715797
identification of the plasmid-borne quinolone resistance gene qnrs in salmonella enterica serovar infantis.	a salmonella enterica serovar infantis isolate of avian origin was investigated for the presence of the gene qnrs, its transferability and its association with other resistance genes.	2006	16720566
antimicrobial resistance in salmonella isolates from apparently healthy food-producing animal from 2000 to 2003: the first stage of japanese veterinary antimicrobial resistance monitoring (jvarm).	antimicrobial susceptibility of 183 salmonella isolates from apparently healthy food-producing animals obtained during the period from 2000 to 2003 throughout japan was examined. of 29 serovars identified, salmonella infantis (37.7%) was the most prevalent, followed by s. typhimurium (19.7%). salmonella bacteria resistant to dihydrostreptomycin (77.6%) were about 10% more prevalent than those resistant to oxytetracycline (67.8%), though the nation-level veterinary use of tetracycline antibiotics ...	2006	16953093
antimicrobial and cytotoxic knotwood extracts and related pure compounds and their effects on food-associated microorganisms.	knotwood or bark extracts prepared from 30 species of hard and soft wood trees as well as selected pure compounds (lignans, stilbenes and flavonoids) were assayed for their antimicrobial activity against a battery of both gram positive and negative bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi (bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes, lactobacillus plantarum, escherichia coli, salmonella infantis, pseudomonas fluorescens, candida albicans, saccharomyces cerevisiae, aspergillus f ...	2007	17188387
long-term prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar infantis in the broiler chicken industry in japan.	eleven broiler isolates of salmonella infantis obtained between 1989 and 1998 were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility and pulse field gel electrophoresis (pfge) profiles. seven strains of s. infantis isolated after 1993 harbored similar antimicrobial susceptibilities to the recent isolates between 2001 and 2003. in comparison of pfge profile with 22 isolates obtained from 22 apparently healthy broiler chickens between 2001 and 2003, the predominant cluster included the seven strains isola ...	2007	17237606
molecular mechanisms of decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in avian salmonella serovars and their mutants selected during the determination of mutant prevention concentrations.	salmonella enterica isolates of six serovars and mutants obtained during determination of mutant prevention concentrations (mpcs) were investigated for mechanisms of decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones.	2007	17369276
genetic surveillance of endemic bovine salmonella infantis infection.	salmonella serovar infantis is endemic in finnish food-producing animals since the 1970s. the purpose of this study was to describe the molecular epidemiology of the infection in cattle during 1985-2005, to follow the persistence of the feed-related outbreak strain from 1995 in the cattle population, and to analyse the stability of xbai-banding patterns in individual herds during long-lasting infections.	2007	17493281
resistance to quinolones in salmonella infantis due to overexpression of an active efflux system and a mutation in the gyra gene.		2007	17504693
prevalence of salmonella in grade a whole shell eggs in the island of ireland.	following the emergence of salmonella enteritidis as a widespread contaminant of eggs and the role of eggs in the transmission of human salmonellosis, control measures were introduced to curb the spread of infection. two approaches to salmonella control are currently used by egg producers in ireland, because northern ireland producers, like those in the rest of the united kingdom, widely adopted a vaccination regime, whereas the republic of ireland does not permit vaccination but introduced cont ...	2007	17536685
salmonella in uncooked retail meats in new zealand.	a national quantitative survey of salmonella in five types of uncooked retail meats in new zealand was undertaken from august 2003 to may 2005 to establish baseline proportionality data. the overall prevalence of salmonella in 1,108 meat samples was 1.1% (95% confidence interval, 0.6 to 1.9). low prevalences of salmonella in each meat type were observed, with 3% (1.2 to 6.1) in chicken, 1.3% (0.3 to 3.8) in lamb and mutton, 0.5% (0 to 3.0) in unweaned veal, 0.4% (0 to 2.4) in beef, and 0% (0 to ...	2007	17612064
emergence of multidrug-resistant clones of salmonella infantis in broiler chickens and humans in hungary.	the characterization of a salmonella infantis strain collection that was set up from isolates of animal and human origin obtained in hungary in recent years.	2007	17617553
detection of salmonella in spent hens and eggs associated with foodborne infections.	about 16,000 spent hens from 23 farms in the northern area of japan were purchased in 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999 to isolate salmonella in two poultry processing plants. salmonella was detected in 12 of 23 farms (52.2%). in particular, the serotypes enteritidis and infantis were detected in four and three farms, respectively. the prevalence rates in the hens' ceca, immature eggs, and the yolk of mature eggs in oviducts were 14%, 7.2%, and 6.8%, respectively. a total of 23 serotypes were detected. ...	2007	17626487
salmonella serotypes isolated from pet chews in new zealand.	to survey the prevalence of salmonella in imported and domestic pet chews for assessing their potential in introducing novel pathogenic and antimicrobial resistant salmonella serotype clones into new zealand, and as vehicles of salmonellosis in the domestic home environment.	2007	17897182
survey of the prevalence of salmonella species on commercial laying farms in the united kingdom.	a survey of salmonella infection on 454 commercial layer flock holdings in the uk was carried out between october 2004 and september 2005. fifty-four (11.7 per cent, 95 per cent confidence interval 9.3 to 14.0 per cent) were salmonella positive. the most common serovar identified was salmonella enteritidis at a prevalence of 5.8 per cent, and 70 per cent of these isolates were phage types 4, 6, 7 and 35. salmonella typhimurium was the second most prevalent serovar, found in 1.8 per cent of the f ...	2007	17921438
persistence and growth of different salmonella serovars on pre- and postharvest tomatoes.	the interaction of a range of salmonella serovars with pre- and postharvest tomatoes was evaluated. serovars were selected on the basis of previous association in tomato-linked outbreaks of salmonellosis (salmonella javiana, salmonella montevideo, and salmonella newport) or those typically isolated from animal or clinical infections (salmonella dublin, salmonella enteritidis, salmonella hadar, salmonella infantis, salmonella typhimurium, and salmonella senftenberg). salmonella serovars introduce ...	2007	18095423
antimicrobial resistance and serotype distribution among salmonella spp. in pigs and poultry in iceland, 2001-2005.	little information is available on antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from animals and animal products in iceland. the objective of this study was to analyze serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns of salmonella spp. isolated from healthy chickens and pigs in iceland during 2001-2005. a total of 163 salmonella strains, isolated in the national salmonella surveillance program, were available for study. isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a mi ...	2007	18184056
contamination of salmonella spp. in a pig finishing herd, from the arrival of the animals to the slaughterhouse.	the aim of the present study was to investigate the contamination sources and the transmission of salmonella within a pig finishing herd in italy. nine sets of samples were collected during the fattening period from cleaned and disinfected pens, animals at different ages (4 days after arrival, 90, 150, 170 and 240 days of age) and at slaughter. salmonella was isolated from cleaned pens, individual faecal samples, the truck used to transport the pigs to the abattoir and after slaughter (cecal con ...	2008	18230403
temporal distribution and genetic fingerprinting of salmonella in broiler flocks from southern japan.	during the 1998 to 2003 period, cecal contents of 4,024 broiler chickens from 252 flocks raised in 63 holdings were examined for salmonella. the aims were to establish the actual status of the infection, its temporal distribution, prevalent serotype, and common genotype among broiler flocks brought at the slaughterhouse. collected samples were preenriched in hajna tetrathionate broth, and after 24 h of incubation, 10 microl of the broth was streaked on selective rambach agar plate. suspected sca ...	2008	18420989
fast detection of salmonella infantis with carbon nanotube field effect transistors.	in this paper we report a fast, sensitive and label-free biosensor for the selective determination of salmonella infantis. it is based on a field effect transistor (fet) in which a network of single-walled carbon nantotubes (swcnts) acts as the conductor channel. anti-salmonella antibodies were adsorbed onto the swcnts and subsequently the swcnts were protected with tween 20 to prevent the non-specific binding of other bacteria or proteins. our fet devices were exposed to increasing concentratio ...	2008	18495470
a national survey of the microbiological quality of retail raw meats in australia.	a national survey of the microbiology of meat (ground beef and diced lamb) at the retail level in australia was undertaken. for ground beef samples (n = 360), the mean aerobic plate count (apc) was 5.79 log cfu/g, and escherichia coli was detected in 17.8% of samples; the mean population for these positive samples was 1.49 log cfu/g. enterobacteriaceae were detected in 96.9% of samples (mean for positive samples, 3.01 log cfu/g), and coagulase-positive staphylococci were detected in 28.1% of sam ...	2008	18592751
prevalence and characterization of salmonella infantis isolates originating from different points of the broiler chicken-human food chain in hungary.	during the 10-month study period salmonella contamination of broiler houses and the flocks reared in three farms (a, b and c), the slaughter houses where the flocks were slaughtered, as well as the carcass and retail raw meat products originating from them was investigated. in the broiler farm a five consecutive flocks, in the b and c farms one flock was sampled. environmental samples were taken prior to the introductions. environmental, drinking water, feed and faecal samples were collected reg ...	2008	18707787
an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in a collection of stone curlews (burhinus oedicnemus) in dubai.	we describe an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis in stone curlews kept in a mixed-species rearing unit in dubai. cryptosporidium was the predominant intestinal pathogen detected, although microbiological investigations revealed a concurrent salmonella infantis infection in two of the 29 stone curlew chicks that died. nineteen of 29 birds had catarrhal enteritis associated with histopathological findings of numerous cryptosporidium developmental stages at the mucosal surface. catarrhal enteritis was ...	2008	18798028
survey of the prevalence of salmonella on commercial broiler farms in the united kingdom, 2005/06.	between october 2005 and september 2006, all european union member states were required to carry out standardised surveys of the prevalence of salmonella in broiler flock holdings to establish baseline data from which to derive national targets for disease reduction. in the uk 382 holdings were sampled, 41 of which were positive for salmonella, giving an estimated weighted prevalence of 10.7 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval [ci] 8.1 to 13.1 per cent). the serotype most frequently isolat ...	2008	19043089
salmonella sofia differs from other poultry-associated salmonella serovars with respect to cell surface hydrophobicity.	salmonella enterica is one of the most important foodborne pathogens. salmonella enterica subsp. ii 4,12:b:- (salmonella sofia) is commonly found in australian poultry. it has been suggested that physicochemical properties such as surface charge and hydrophobicity may affect bacterial attachment to surfaces and their ability to persist in food systems. a possible link between hydrophobicity cell surface charge and persistence of salmonella from the poultry system was examined. hydrophobicity of ...	2008	19244894
extended-spectrum {beta}-lactamases and ampc {beta}-lactamases in ceftiofur-resistant salmonella enterica isolates from food and livestock obtained in germany during 2003-07.	detection and characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) and ampc-encoding genes was conducted in german salmonella isolated from different sources from 2003 to 2007.	2009	19474065
efficacy of a novel trivalent inactivated vaccine against the shedding of salmonella in a chicken challenge model.	the safety and efficacy of a novel trivalent inactivated salmonella vaccine consisting of salmonella enteritidis (se), salmonella typhimurium (st), and salmonella infantis (si) was evaluated with chickens. chickens were injected subcutaneously with 0.5 ml per dose of the vaccine with an oil adjuvant. to assess the efficacy of the vaccine, vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens were challenged by oral inoculation of se, st, si, and salmonella heidelberg (sh) virulent strains 4 wk after vaccination. ...	2009	19630237
salmonella serotype distribution in the dutch broiler supply chain.	salmonella serotype distribution can give insight in contamination routes and persistence along a production chain. therefore, it is important to determine not only salmonella prevalence but also to specify the serotypes involved at the different stages of the supply chain. for this purpose, data from a national monitoring program in the netherlands were used to estimate the serotype distribution and to determine whether this distribution differs for the available sampling points in the broiler ...	2009	19903970
use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to characterize the heterogeneity and clonality of salmonella serotype enteritidis, typhimurium and infantis isolates obtained from whole liquid eggs.	salmonella is a well-documented pathogen known to occur in a wide range of foods, especially poultry products. the most frequently reported food-sources of human infection are eggs and egg products. in this study, in order to describe salmonella contamination of egg products, 144 liquid egg samples were collected from 3 different egg-breaking plants during the 3 sampling periods. salmonella detection was performed on raw samples stored at 2 degrees c for 2 days (d+2) and on pasteurised samples s ...	2009	19128850
decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility in mutants of salmonella serovars other than typhimurium: detection of novel mutations involved in modulated expression of rama and soxs.	mutants of five salmonella enterica serovars were investigated for structural changes in regulatory regions known to be involved in the up-regulation of efflux pumps.	2009	19778917
assessment of survival of listeria monocytogenes, salmonella infantis and enterococcus faecalis artificially inoculated into experimental waste or compost.	to evaluate survival of pathogenic strains, listeria monocytogenes and salmonella infantis and a sanitation indicator enterococcus faecalis in composts at different stages of the composting process and during storage.	2010	19878526
detection and characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (tem-52)-producing salmonella serotype infantis from broilers in japan.	during 2004 and 2006, multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar infantis (salmonella infantis) isolates (n = 120) were recovered from broiler cecal samples collected from a meat-processing plant, and the isolates were examined. the study was conducted to detect and characterize extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing salmonella infantis isolates recovered from broiler chickens and determine the mechanisms of transfer of the resistance traits. extended-spectrum ...	2010	20039796
chicken meat is an infection source of salmonella serovar infantis for humans in japan.	the study sets out to either confirm or refute a recent study's findings that chicken meat is an unlikely source of salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar infantis (salmonella infantis) in humans in the kyushu-okinawa region, japan.	2010	20141347
evaluation of diffusion and dilution methods to determine the antibacterial activity of plant extracts.	the aim of this study was to evaluate diffusion and dilution methods for determining the antibacterial activity of plant extracts and their mixtures. several methods for measurement of the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) of a plant extract are available, but there is no standard procedure as there is for antibiotics. we tested different plant extracts, their mixtures and phenolic acids on selected gram-positive (staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, and listeria monocytogenes) and gram- ...	2010	20171250
characterization of antibiotic resistance and the emergence of ampc-producing salmonella infantis from pigs.	during the period of 2007-2008, a total of 270 pig fecal samples were collected from a meat processing plant located in southern japan and examined for salmonella species. a total of 44 salmonella isolates were recovered, and antimicrobial resistance was detected in serotypes typhimurium (n=9), infantis and choleraesuis (n=2), and derby, miyazaki and schwarzengrund (n=1). multidrug resistance was seen in serotypes typhimurium (n=8) and infantis (n=2). the most commonly observed resistance phenot ...	2010	20622477
recovery of salmonella and escherichia coli from commercial egg shells and effect of translucency on bacterial penetration in eggs.	this experiment was conducted to study the prevalence of salmonella and escherichia coli (e. coli). from the surface of egg shells, egg shell membranes or pores, and internal contents from unwashed eggs collected from commercial caged layer farms in australia. egg shell swabs, shell crush and egg internal contents (yolk and albumen) of an individual egg were processed for bacteriological examination. salmonella spp. were not detected from any of the egg shell surfaces, egg shell crush or egg int ...	2010	20663580
induction of a homologous and heterologous invasion-inhibition effect after administration of salmonella strains to newly hatched chicks.	administration of live salmonella strains to day-old chicks provides protection against infection within hours by intestinal colonisation-inhibition. however, the extent to which the oral application of live salmonella wild-type or vaccine strains may induce an early invasion-inhibition effect is unknown. potentially protective pre-treatment strains of salmonella enteritidis and infantis were examined for their ability (i) to colonise the caeca, to invade the liver, to induce an influx of granul ...	2010	20732468
nationwide survey of salmonella prevalence in environmental dust from layer farms in japan.	a nationwide survey was conducted to determine salmonella prevalence in airborne dust from layer farms. of the 4,090 layer farms in japan, 203 were surveyed and 48 (23.6%) of these were positive for salmonella. salmonella isolation rates were higher in the eastern (24.3%), central (25.6%), western (23.9%), and southern (27.5%) prefectures than they were in the northern (13.3%) prefecture. we recovered 380 salmonella isolates and identified 34 different salmonella serovars. salmonella infantis wa ...	2010	21219710
[epidemic hazard of water use in the reactivation of bacteria after disinfection].	variability in the cultural and biochemical properties of indicator, opportunistic, and pathogenic bacteria and possibilities of their reactivation after exposure to chlorine-containing reagents and during photo-activated disinfection processes in the presence of photosensitizes were experimentally studied to enhance the epidemic reliability and adequacy of microbiological monitoring in the evaluation of the decontamination efficiency of water of its various use types. reactivation of coliform b ...	2010	21341486
genetic analysis of multi-drug resistance and the clonal dissemination of beta-lactam resistance in salmonella infantis isolated from broilers.	an epidemiologic study was conducted to investigate the incidence and characterize the antimicrobial resistance determinants, analyzing plasmid profiles, and establishing the genetic relationship among beta-lactam-resistant isolates of salmonella infantis from broilers in southern japan. a total of 120 isolates were recovered from 56 flocks belonging to 44 holdings during 2004-2006. the percentages of resistance were as follows: ampicillin (24%), cephalothin (23%), cefoxitin (0%), ceftazidime (1 ...	2010	19665854
inactivation of pathogens on pork by steam-ultrasound treatment.	the objective of the study was to evaluate a new pathogen inactivation concept that combines application of pressurized steam simultaneously with high-power ultrasound through a series of nozzles. on skin and meat surfaces of pork jowl samples, counts of total viable bacteria were reduced by 1.1 log cfu/cm(2) after treatment for 1 s and by 3.3 log cfu/cm(2) after treatment for 4 s. the mean reduction of 1.7 to 3.3 log cfu/cm(2) on the skin surface was significantly higher than the reduction of 1 ...	2011	21549047
comprehensive analysis of salmonella sequence polymorphisms and development of a ldr-ua assay for the detection and characterization of selected serotypes.	salmonella is a major cause of food-borne disease, and salmonella enterica subspecies i includes the most clinically relevant serotypes. salmonella serotype determination is important for the disease etiology assessment and contamination source tracking. this task will be facilitated by the disclosure of salmonella serotype sequence polymorphisms, here annotated in seven genes (sefa, safa, safc, biga, inva, fima, and phsb) from 139 s. enterica strains, of which 109 belonging to 44 serotypes of s ...	2011	21611799
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of salmonella enterica serovars isolated from slaughtered cattle in bahir dar, ethiopia.	a study was undertaken from october 2006 to march 2007 to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of salmonella serovars. liver, mesenteric lymph nodes, intestinal content, and carcass swab samples (each n = 186) were collected from 186 apparently healthy slaughtered cattle at bahir dar abattoir. bacteriological analysis was done according to the international organization for standardization (iso 6579 2002). isolates were serotyped at agence française de securite sanitair ...	2011	21814750
first report on incn plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance gene qnrs1 in porcine escherichia coli in europe.	plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) of enterobacteria encoded by qnr genes is an emerging concern in human and veterinary medicine. here we aimed to study pmqr of porcine escherichia coli in two large piggeries in romania and hungary. the studies identified pmqr e. coli strains in 34% of piglets in the romanian farm. clonality of six qnrs1 e. coli strains representing the romanian pig farm was established by multilocus sequence typing (mlst), and the qnrs1 plasmids were characterized by ...	2011	21834664
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella serotypes isolated from poultry in spain: comparison between 1993 and 2006.	a total of 226 chicken samples (carcasses, legs, wings, necks and breasts) were obtained (73 in 1993 and 153 in 2006) from 10 retail outlets in north-western spain and screened for the presence of salmonella. isolates were subjected to serotyping, phage typing (salmonella enteritidis and salmonella typhimurium) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (15 antimicrobials; disk diffusion method). salmonella was detected in 40 (55%) samples in 1993 and 19 (12.4%) in 2006 (p<0.001). the serotypes (s ...	2011	22208955
Comparing validation of four ELISA-systems for detection of Salmonella derby- and Salmonella infantis-infected pigs.	The objective of this study was the comparative evaluation of four indirect Salmonella ELISA tests at study time approved in Germany to detect Salmonella infection in pigs.Three tests are based on a LPS-antigen mix and directed against specific IgG antibodies. The fourth test is based on a purified S. Typhimurium whole-cell lysate antigen and discriminates between Salmonella-specific IgM-, IgA-, and IgG- antibodies. In a longitudinal study, two groups of six weeks old hybrid piglets were orally ...	2011	21848033
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella in chicken carcasses at retail in 15 brazilian cities.	to describe the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella spp. in frozen chicken carcasses at retail from 15 brazilian cities.	2011	22358402
fatal fulminant salmonella infantis meningitis with septicemia.	we report a case of salmonella meningitis due to salmonella serotype infantis. the organism was isolated from the blood and csf of a ten month old baby. the baby died due to fulminant meningitis with septicemia. this case has been reported for its rarity.	2011	23781647
prevalence of salmonella isolates and antimicrobial resistance patterns in chicken meat throughout japan.	we investigated the prevalence of salmonella in chicken meat from northern, central, and southern japan. between 2006 and 2008, 821 samples from these three regions were collected and examined. salmonella isolates were detected in 164 (20.0%) of these samples, with 15 (10.0%) of 150, 113 (27.5%) of 411, and 36 (13.8%) of 260 recovered from the northern, central, and southern regions, respectively. we recovered 452 salmonella isolates. from the isolates, 27 serovars were identified; the predomina ...	2011	21333147
seasonal variations of phenolic compounds and biological properties in sage (salvia officinalis l.).	the aim was to investigate the phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and antibacterial activity of dalmatian sage (salvia officinalis l.) leaves collected during different vegetation periods. separation and quantification of the individual phenols were performed by reversed-phase (rp)-hplc coupled with a pda (photodiode array) detector and using an internal standard, while the contents of total phenols, flavonoids, flavones, and flavonols were determined spectrophotometrically. the antioxidant ...	2012	22344920
[incidence of ischemic heart disease in relation to major risk factors among moscow male residents aged 20-29 years].	a representative random sample of 3,308 male residents aged 20-59 years from a moscow district was examined. only 74% of them participated in the study. routine epidemiological methods were used to identify various forms of coronary heart disease (chd). the prevalence of chd was 9.7% in the population with the incidence of definite chd of 5% and possible chd of 4.6%. the prevalence of chd was significantly associated with age, arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hy ...	2012	3265747
complete nucleotide sequence of pvqs1 containing a quinolone resistance determinant from salmonella enterica serovar virchow associated with foreign travel.	nalidixic acid-resistant salmonella enterica serovars kentucky (n = 5) and virchow (n = 6) cultured from individuals were investigated for the presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) determinants.	2012	22553140
survival and growth of epidemically successful and nonsuccessful salmonella enterica clones after freezing and dehydration.	the spread of epidemically successful nontyphoidal salmonella clones has been suggested as the most important cause of salmonellosis in industrialized countries. factors leading to the emergence of success clones are largely unknown, but their ability to survive and grow after physical stress may contribute. during epidemiological studies, a mathematical model was developed that allowed estimation of a factor (q) accounting for the relative ability of salmonella serovars with different antimicro ...	2012	22410218
clonal dissemination of salmonella enterica serovar infantis in germany.	salmonella enterica serovar infantis (salmonella infantis) is consistently isolated from broiler chickens, pigs, and humans worldwide. this study investigated 93 epidemiologically unrelated salmonella infantis strains isolated in germany between 2005 and 2008 in respect to their transmission along the food chain. various phenotypic and genotypic methods were applied, and the pathogenicity and resistance gene repertoire was determined. phenotypically, 66% of the strains were susceptible to all 17 ...	2012	22401270
comparison of the prevalence of salmonella infection in layer hens from commercial layer farms with high and low rodent densities.	a comparison on the prevalence of salmonella infection in layer hens from commercial layer farms with high and low rodent densities was investigated. out of 280 laying hens sampled from three commercial layer farms with high rodent densities, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis (salmonella enteritidis) was isolated from 20 (7.14%) hens and salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis (salmonella infantis) from three (1.07%) hens. in contrast, layer hens sampled from f ...	2012	22545525
an outbreak of salmonella infantis gastroenteritis in a residential aged care facility associated with thickened fluids.	twenty-two confirmed cases of salmonella infantis were identified in 70 residents of high-level care areas of a residential aged care facility in sydney in april 2010 during an outbreak of gastroenteritis. a retrospective cohort study was conducted to identify a possible cause. consuming a soft diet, puréed diet, or thickened fluid were each independently associated with illness. a logistic regression showed consumption of thickened fluid to be the only significant exposure associated with illne ...	2012	22335962
transmission and shedding patterns of salmonella in naturally infected captive wild roof rats (rattus rattus) from a salmonella-contaminated layer farm.	rodents play a major role in the transmission and maintenance of salmonella contamination cycles in poultry facilities. however, very limited field data are available regarding the transmission routes, infection cycle, and shedding patterns of salmonella by naturally infected wild rodents from commercial layer farms. in this study, a total of 128 resident wild roof rats (rattus ratus) were captured from a salmonella-contaminated layer facility. all roof rats were divided into 51 laboratory cages ...	2012	22856184
[two multidrug-resistant salmonella infantis isolates behave like hypo-invasive strains but have high intracellular proliferation].	in this work, plasmid-encoded virulence factors in two salmonella infantis isolates carrying multiresistance plasmids were investigated. in addition, their invasion and proliferative ability in non-phagocytic cells was studied. none of them showed the typical determinants of virulence plasmids (spy operon). the invasion assays of s. infantis isolates on eukaryotic cells showed a decreased ability to invade but they remained and proliferated in the cytoplasm regardless of having used a permissive ...	2012	22997763
recovery of salmonella from eggshell wash, eggshell crush, and egg internal contents of unwashed commercial shell eggs in australia.	the experiment was conducted to study the prevalence of salmonella spp. on the eggshell surface, eggshell membranes or pores, and in egg internal contents from unwashed eggs collected from commercial caged layer farms in australia. eggshell rinsate, shell crush, and egg internal contents (yolk and albumen) of eggs were processed for salmonella spp. salmonella infantis and salmonella subspecies 1, serotype 4,12:d were isolated from the eggshell surface. salmonella spp. were not isolated from any ...	2012	22700522
notes from the field: human salmonella infantis infections linked to dry dog food--united states and canada, 2012.	cdc is collaborating with public health and agriculture officials in multiple states, the public health agency of canada, and the food and drug administration (fda) to investigate an outbreak of human salmonella infantis infections linked to direct or indirect contact with dry dog food. multiple brands of dry dog food produced by diamond pet foods at a single manufacturing facility in gaston, south carolina, have been linked to human illnesses.	2012	22695384
multidrug resistant clones of salmonella infantis of broiler origin in europe.	the aim of the study was to investigate the potential spread of the previously described multidrug-resistant (mdr) hungarian clone of salmonella infantis of broiler origin in europe. therefore, 76 strains isolated between 2004 and 2009 from raw meat and fecal samples of broiler origin in nine european countries - including hungary - were examined by phage typing, antimicrobial resistance typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) profile and plasmid analysis. the strains could be divided in ...	2012	22564450
molecular epidemiology and virulence markers of salmonella infantis isolated over 25 years in são paulo state, brazil.	infection of humans and animals caused by salmonella is a major public health problem worldwide. among the more than 2500 serovars, s. infantis has been one of the 15 most isolated serovars in the world. despite its clinical importance, little is known about the molecular characteristics of s. infantis strains from brazil. the aims of this study were to type s. infantis isolates of this country and to assess their pathogenic potential. the molecular epidemiology of 35 s. infantis strains, isolat ...	2013	23860124
occurrence, serotype diversity, and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella in ground beef at retail stores in jalisco state, mexico.	the occurrence, serotype diversity, and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella bacteria in commercial ground beef at retail establishments were investigated. salmonella was isolated from 135 (56.7%) of 238 ground beef samples collected at the same number of butcher's shops located in three municipalities of jalisco state, mexico, during an 11-month period. the isolation frequency differed by municipality (p < 0.05) and was higher (p < 0.05) during the warm season (68.5%) than during the cold sea ...	2013	24290673
biofilm formation of salmonella serotypes in simulated meat processing environments and its relationship to cell characteristics.	salmonella attached to meat contact surfaces encountered in meat processing facilities may serve as a source of cross-contamination. in this study, the influence of serotypes and media on biofilm formation of salmonella was investigated in a simulated meat processing environment, and the relationships between biofilm formation and cell characteristics were also determined. all six serotypes (salmonella enterica serotype heidelberg, salmonella derby, salmonella agona, salmonella indiana, salmonel ...	2013	24112581
survey of enterobacteriaceae contamination of table eggs collected from layer flocks in australia.	in the present study, eggs from commercial caged layer flocks at different stages of lay in australia were collected. enterobacteriaceae populations from eggshell surface and eggshell pore were enumerated and these populations characterized using api® rapid 20e strips. the eggshell surface, eggshell pore and egg internal content samples were also processed for the isolation of salmonella and these isolates were tested for the presence or absence of several virulence genes (prgh, sopb, spic, orfl ...	2013	23680799
truncal seizures: an unusual presentation of cerebral cysticercosis.	we present the case of a 24-year-old woman who developed repetitive partial simple seizures confined to her right rib cage. computed tomography scan of the head was consistent with the diagnosis of cerebral cysticercosis. the patient was started on a regimen of anticonvulsants, steroids, and praziquantel with full resolution of symptoms.	2013	3777595
distribution of extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance determinants in salmonella enterica and escherichia coli isolated from broilers in southern japan.	this study was conducted to investigate the distribution and diversity of extended-spectrum cephalosporin (esc) resistance determinants in salmonella enterica and escherichia coli obtained from the same cecal samples and to provide evidence of transmission of the resistance determinants among these bacteria in broiler farms in southern japan. salmonella enterica and e. coli were characterized by serotyping and multilocus sequence typing, respectively. an antimicrobial susceptibility test, plasmi ...	2013	23687161
consumer method to control salmonella and listeria species in shrimp.	the purpose of this study was to determine whether the current consumer method of boiling shrimp until floating and pink in color is adequate for destroying listeria and salmonella. shrimp samples were submerged in bacterial suspensions of listeria and salmonella for 30 min and allowed to air dry for 1 h under a biosafety cabinet. color parameters were then measured with a spectrophotometer programmed with the cielab system. twenty-four shrimp samples were divided into groups (days 0, 1, or 2) a ...	2013	23317857
effects of egg shell quality and washing on salmonella infantis penetration.	the vast majority of eggs in australia are washed prior to packing to remove dirt and fecal material and to reduce the microbial contamination of the egg shell. the egg contents can be an ideal growth medium for microorganisms which can result in human illness if eggs are stored improperly and eaten raw or undercooked, and it is estimated that egg-related salmonellosis is costing australia $44 million per year. egg shell characteristics such as shell thickness, amount of cuticle present, and thi ...	2013	23727650
organic acids for control of salmonella in different feed materials.	salmonella control in animal feed is important in order to protect animal and public health. organic acids is one of the control measures used for treatment of salmonella contaminated feed or feed ingredients. in the present study, the efficacy of formic acid (fa) and different blends of fa, propionic acid (pa) and sodium formate (sf) was investigated. four salmonella strains isolated from feed were assayed for their acid tolerance. also, the effect of lower temperatures (5°c and 15°c) compared ...	2013	23597100
notes from the field: multistate outbreak of salmonella infantis, newport, and lille infections linked to live poultry from a single mail-order hatchery in ohio--march-september, 2012.	in early 2012, three clusters of human salmonella infections were identified through pulsenet, a national network of public health and food regulatory agency laboratories coordinated by cdc that subtypes disease-causing organisms. initial investigations indicated many of the ill persons in these three clusters had contact with live poultry (e.g., chicks and ducklings) from a single mail-order hatchery; therefore, the three investigations were merged. during march 1-september 24, 2012, a total of ...	2013	23515059
[detection of enteric pathogen bacteria with the pcr method from mixed fecal specimens of food handlers].	we developed an assay for rapid, specific detection of shigella, salmonella, and verotoxin-producing escherichia coli o157 using the direct pcr analysis of mixed human fecal specimens. in this study, the sensitivity of the direct pcr assay for 50 mixed human fecal specimen was found to be 1.3, 0.42, and 0.76 colony-forming units/kit for shigella sonnei, salmonella typhimurium, and verotoxin-producing e. coli o157, respectively. we compared the efficiency of the direct pcr method with the convent ...	2014	25672139
chronic sinusitis in children. comments on pathogenesis and management.		2014	4138636
phenolic acids profile, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of chamomile, common yarrow and immortelle (asteraceae).	chamomile, common yarrow and immortelle ethanolic extracts were chemically analysed with respect to phenolics. twelve phenolic acids were separated and identified by hplc-dad and the presence of rosmarinic acid was additionally confirmed by lc-ms. five methods were applied for the evaluation of extracts' antioxidant properties (frap, dpph, abts, chelating activity, briggs-rauscher reaction), while the antibacterial activity was tested against some of the major food-borne pathogens (campylobacter ...	2014	25632475
investigation of class i integron in salmonella infantis and its association with drug resistance.	infection with non-typhoid salmonella (nts) is one of the most important health problems all over the world. antimicrobial drug resistance is increasing among salmonella infantis species.	2014	25147710
enumeration and characterization of salmonella isolates from retail chicken carcasses in beijing, china.	epidemiological reports have implicated contaminated raw or undercooked chicken as primary vehicles of salmonella transmission to human beings. risk assessments relating to salmonella contamination of poultry products in china are frequently hampered by the lack of quantitative data. in this study, whole chicken carcasses (n=395) were collected from the retail markets of beijing, and the level of salmonella contamination was enumerated by most probable number (mpn) analysis and all salmonella is ...	2014	24134666
risk factors for sporadic infection with salmonella infantis: a matched case-control study.	this matched case-control study investigated the risk factors for sporadic salmonella infantis infection in 263 affected children and 263 age-, gender- and neighbourhood-matched controls. information about exposure to potential risk factors was obtained via telephone interview and evaluated by conditional logistic regression analysis. age groups ≤ 1 year (n=77) and >1 year (n = 186) were analysed separately. of those aged ≤ 1 year, breastfeeding was a significant protective factor against infect ...	2014	23879895
phylogenetic and population genetic analysis of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis strains isolated in japan using whole genome sequence data.	salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis has been reported to be carried asymptomatically in chickens and isolated from some human patients with diarrhea. the aim of this study was to investigate the phylogeny of s. infantis strains isolated in japan from chicken meat, chicken egg shells, environmental samples from a grading and packing center for chicken eggs (gp center), diarrhea patients, and asymptomatic carriers based on whole genome sequence data. the s. infantis strains were i ...	2014	24999237
plasmid profile and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of salmonella enterica isolates from humans in turkey.	this study was conducted for typing salmonella enterica subspecies enterica strains in turkey using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and plasmid dna profile analysis. fourty-two strains were isolated from clinical samples obtained from unrelated patients with acute diarrhea. the samples were collected from state hospitals and public health laboratories located at seven provinces in different regions of turkey at different times between 2004 and 2010. the strains were determined to belong ...	2014	24852084