Publications

laboratory evaluation of 3-(5-tetrazolyl) penam, a new semisynthetic beta-lactam antibacterial agent with extended broad-spectrum activity.	in the new agent 3-(5-tetrazolyl)penam, hereafter referred to as cp-35,587, the carboxyl function at c3 in the penicillin nucleus has been replaced with the 5-tetrazolyl moiety. marked changes in spectrum and resistance to gram-negative beta-lactamases, particularly with regard to klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, were conferred by this modification. the anti-klebsiella activity clearly distinguishes the antibacterial spectrum of cp-35,587 from any known broad-spectrum penicillin. compared to oral ...	1976	984745
tobramycin, amikacin, sissomicin, and gentamicin resistant gram-negative rods.	sensitivities to gentamicin, sissomicin, tobramycin, and amikacin were compared in 196 gentamicin-resistant gram-negative rods and in 212 similar organisms sensitive to gentamicin, mainly isolated from clinical specimens. amikacin was the aminoglycoside most active against gentamicin-resistant organisms, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella spp, escherichia coli, proteus spp, providencia spp, and citrobacter spp being particularly susceptible. most of the gentamicin-resistant organisms were isolat ...	1976	1000196
[identification of conditionally pathogenic enterobacteria in laboratory practice in the diagnosis of acute intestinal diseases].	identification of 361 cultures isolated from patients suffering from various acute intestinal diseasesand from persons who had sustained them, as well as from contacts and persons examined prophylactically with the use of various biochemical tests showed that ty their taxonomic properties the cultures were referred to conditionally-pathogenic representatives of enterobacteriaceae of the corresponding genera:citrobacter, hafnia, klebsiella, proteus, providencia. serological typing of the strains ...	1976	1007731
emergence of resistance to amikacin during treatment of burn wounds: the role of antimicrobial susceptibility testing.	amikacin has been used to treat providencia stuarii infections on the burn service at los angeles county/university of southern california medical center since march, 1973. the median minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) of strains collected on this service prior to the introduction of amikacin was 3.13 mug. per milliliter, whereas the median mic of strains collected during the last 4 months of the study was 12.5 mug per milliliter. high bactericidal concentrations (mbc) noted at the time of i ...	1976	1246678
the quantitative swab culture and smear: a quick, simple method for determining the number of viable aerobic bacteria on open wounds.	the quantitative swab culture is a reliable method for quantifying the number of viable bacteria colonizing open wounds. for open wounds in burn patients, the swab bacterial count is linearly related to biopsy quantification of viable bacteria in the underlying tissue. this technique is simple and requires no surgical manipulation of the wound. for a wound of uniform appearance, the standard deviation of a single swab culture from the mean log bacterial count for a series of cultures from widely ...	1976	1255833
in vitro activity of bl-s640 against gram-negative bacilli and staphylococcus aureus compared with activity of four other semisynthetic cephalosporins.	the in vitro activity of bl-s640 (cefatrizine) was determined against 674 recent clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus and enterobacteriaceae. activity against s. aureus was less than that of cephapirin, cephalothin, and cefazolin, but greater than that of cephalexin. activity against gram-negative isolates was variable: bl-s640 was slightly less potent than cefazolin against escherichia coli and klebsiella, but more active than the other compounds. as for the more resistant gram-negative g ...	1976	1259401
efficacy of cinoxacin in urinary tract infections.	cinoxacin, a new synthetic antibacterial agent with in vitro activity against all species of enterobacteriaceae, was used in the treatment of urinary tract infections in 20 patients. the dose of cinoxacin was 250 mg orally every 6 h for 10 days. the etiological agents were escherichia coli in fifteen, klebsiella-enterobacter in five, proteus mirabilis in two, and providencia in one. the minimal inhibitory concentration for these organisms ranged from 2 to 64 mug/ml. eleven of the 20 patients had ...	1976	1259405
oral vaccination against porteus mirabilis.	mice given a single dose of proteus vaccine orally were protected against 1 mld (minimum lethal dose) of autologous proteus mirabilis by the fourth day after vaccination. three doses of oral vaccine induced protection against 1 mld autologous challenge for 7 days after vaccination and partial protection for a further 8 weeks. cross-protection against different strains of pr. mirabilis and against some strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, serratia marcescens and providencia species was found in mic ...	1976	822863
susceptibility of "enterobacteria" to penicillins, cephalosporins, lincomycins, erythromycin, and rifampin.	agar dilution tests for susceptibility of gram-negative rods and enterococci were done with a number of penicillins, cephalosporins, lincomycin analogues, erythromycin, and rifampin. many in the first three categories were investigational drugs. all were generally less active than aminoglycoside and tetracycline antibiotics against gram-negative rods and more active against enterococci. cephalosporins as a group were more active than penicillins against klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli ...	1976	823280
[gram-negative infections in severe thermal injury].	among 78 patients with persistant bacteriemia the latter was induced by staphylococci in 59 and by gram-negative microflora in 19 patients. in 14 of 19 patients gram-negative septicemia was preceded by staphylococcic one. gram-negative septicemia would condition in patients the development of pyemic foci not only in the wound area but also in some portions of the body and in internal organs as well. among 19 patients with gram-negative septicemia 12 patients died, while among 59 patients with st ...	1976	823688
sensitivity of providence to antiseptics and disinfectants.	seventy isolates of providence were obtained from urinary tract infections in patients from five hospitals. they were all identified as providence b (providencia stuartii). a typing system was devised for these organisms based on their production of and sensitivity to bacteriophage and bacteriocins. using this system, 27 distinct strains were recognized, and it was clear that many patients had been infected with the same strain. the minimum inhibitory concentrations of six antiseptics and disinf ...	1976	824328
susceptibility of clinically important gram-negative bacilli to 15 antibiotics. comparison of patterns in poland and federal republic of germany.	three hundred and sixty strains of gram-negative bacilli (escherichia coli, salmonella enteritidis, enterobacter cloacae, providencia, indole-positive and indole-negative proteus, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and serratia marcescens), were isolated by random in poland and germany, and tested by agar dilution method for susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial agents, including six cephalosporin derivatives, colistin, gentamycin and tobramycin, three newer tetracyclines, ampicillin and ...	1976	824896
in vitro comparison of netilmicin, a semisynthetic derivative of sisomicin, and four other aminoglycoside antibiotics.	one hundred isolates of pseudomonas and enterobacteriaceae, of which 85 were chosen because of their resistance to gentamicin or amikacin, were tested for susceptibility to netilmicin (sch 20569), a new semisynthetic derivative of sisomicin, and to four other aminoglycosides. tests were performed in mueller-hinton agar and, with 43 of these isolates, also in mueller-hinton broth. most isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, citrobacter, and serratia that were gentamicin resistant ...	1976	825021
comparative activity of netilmicin, gentamicin, amikacin, and tobramycin against pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterobacteriaceae.	netilmicin (sch 20569), a semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic, was compared with gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin against 242 clinical isolates of pseudomonas and enterobacteriaceae. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) was determined in both solid and liquid media. netilmicin exhibited typical aminoglycoside properties, such as little effect of inoculum size on mic, relatively small gap between mic and minimum bactericidal concentration, and potentiation of anti-pseudomonas activi ...	1976	825032
in vitro susceptibility of gentamicin-resistant enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa to netilmicin and selected aminoglycoside antibiotics.	netilmicin (sch 20569), a semisynthetic aminoglycoside related to gentamicin c(1a), was evaluated in vitro in agar dilution testing against 224 different clinical isolates of gentamicin-resistant enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa in parallel with amikacin, gentamicin, sisomicin, and tobramycin. netilmicin showed a very high degree of activity against gentamicin-resistant organisms, but amikacin was more active in vitro, particularly against providencia stuartii and p. aeruginosa. sis ...	1976	825036
in vitro susceptibility of clinically important bacteria to amikacin: correlation of results of broth dilution and disk sensitivity tests and effect of medium composition.	minimal inhibitory concentrations of amikacin for 296 strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria determined in mueller-hinton broth by the method recommended by the international collaborative study group confirmed previous observations that amikacin is effective against current clinical isolates sensitive to gentamicin and that strains moderatly sensitive or resistant to gentamicin are often inhibited by clinically achievable concentrations. a simple linear regression analysis was used ...	1976	825584
in vitro susceptibility of recently isolated gram-negative bacteria to gentamicin, sisomicin, tobramycin, and amikacin.	the emergence of bacteria with r-factor-mediated resistance transferable to many strains of pseudomononas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, serratia marcescens, and some proteus and providencia species has been reported in hospitals in the rhine-main region of germany. in a comparative study, 1,250 strains belonging to 12 clinically important bacterial species were tested for susceptibility to gentamicin, sisomicin, tobramycin, and amikacin by the tube dilution methods. gentam ...	1976	825585
susceptibility of recently isolated bacteria to amikacin in vitro: comparisons with four other aminoglycoside antibiotics.	in vitro tests for susceptibility to amikacin and to four other aminoglycoside antibiotics were carried out with strains of many bacterial species by use of an agar dilution method and an inocula replicator. in general, amikacin was as active as or more active against most of the organims than kanamycin, neomycin, and streptomycin; in particular, amikacin was active against strains resistant to one or more of these three antibiotics. amikacin was more active than gentamicin against strains of no ...	1976	825588
evolution of phix174 iii. restriction map of s13 and its alignment with that of phix174.		1976	827112
[on the growth of various enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and alkaligenes spec. in distilled water, de-ionized water, tap water, and mineral salt solution (author's transl)].	the behaviour of 12 strains of gram-negative bacteria was analysed in media having a low content of nutrients. sterile tap water, de-ionized water, aqua bidestillata and mineral salt solution were used. it was found that serratia marcescens, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter, klebsiella and citrobacter are those with the most frequently observed growth. in the mineral salt solution survived also providencia, e. coli, erwinia, hafnia, and alkaligenes and reached max. colony numbers of some 100 ...	1976	828367
the isolation and partial characterization of a new restriction endonuclease from providencia stuartii.	we describe the isolation of a new class 2 restriction endonuclease from providencia stuartii 164. using the procedure of osmotic shock treatment, we have partially purified this enzyme (pst 1) and have begun preliminary work to characterize its specificity and requirements. pst 1 requires mg++ as the only cofactor and produces more than 18 cleavages in wild type lambda. we have determined the location of 7 of these cleavages by the use of deletion and insertion mutants of lambda.	1976	768923
[resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and aminoglycosides in gram negative bacteria. 1. molecular and genetic characterization of r-factors (author's transl)].	with frequent use of aminoglycoside antimicrobials and beta-lactam antibiotics in hospitals in the last few years, the number of bacterial strains resistant to these chemotherapeutics increased. lately, strains of e. coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, serratia, proteus and pseudomonas resistant to many antimicrobials (ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, tobramycin, sisomycin, neomycin, paromomycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, spectinomycin, tetracycline, sulphonamides) ...	1976	779353
[current hospitalismus. contribution to the causal factors of problem infection from the bacteriological view point].		1976	785871
formation of crystalline deposits by several genera of the family enterobacteriaceae.	several species of bacteria from the family enterobacteriaceae formed crystalline materials containing calcium when grown in a defined culture medium. enterobacter aerogenes, proteus vulgaris, citrobacter freundii, and c. intermedius produced calcium pyrophosphate crystals. edwardsiella tarda and escherichia coli formed calcite iii crystals, whereas proteus mirabilis, klebsiella pneumoniae, providencia stuartii, and serratia marcescens produced hydroxyapatite crystals. several of these bacteria ...	1976	786887
variation in urease activity of endemic hospital strains of proteus rettgeri and providencia stuartii.	both urease-positive and urease-negative proteeae isolated from cross-infected patients in the same hospitals and, in three cases, from the same patients were examined for their biochemical reactions and somatic (o-) antigens. all isolates gave the same reactions in 17 biochemical tests and possessed o-antigens characteristic of providenic o-type strains 4 or 17. study of the isolates indicated that endemic strains are capable of undergoing variation in urease activity. in the current classifica ...	1976	789790
in vitro synergistic effect of netilmicin, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic.	the combination of netilmicin (sch 20569) with carbenicillin, cefazolin, chloramphenicol, and clindamycin was evaluated by in vitro tests against 91 clinical isolates of pseudomonas, klebsiella, and escherichia coli. combinations were considered to show synergy if there was a fourfold or greater reduction in minimal inhibitory concentration values of both antibiotics when combined. synergy of netilmicin with carbenicillin could be demonstrated against 21 of 46 pseudomonas isolates. comparison of ...	1976	791104
a rapid glutamic decarboxylase test for identification of bacteria.	a simple rapid glutamic decarboxylase test is described. this test was found useful in the identification of escherichia coli, shigella sp., providencia alcalifaciens, clostridium perfringens and bacteroides fragilis.	1976	793504
pathological and microbiological observations made on spontaneous cases of acute neonatal calf diarrhea.	the purpose of this report is to describe clinical signs, gross and microscopic lesions, bacteriological and immunofluorescence observations made on spontaneous cases of acute neonatal calf diarrhea (ncd) in dairy and beef herds. the following diagnostic tools were used: 1) direct smears of intestinal content, 2) escherichia coli counts, 3) aerobic bacterial cultures of the small intestine and other organs (the o serogroup and the enterotoxigenicity of the e. coli isolated was determined), 4) de ...	1976	793692
in vitro study of netilmicin compared with other aminoglycosides.	netilmicin (sch 20569) is an ethyl derivative of gentamicin c(1a) that is active against most enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococcus aureus isolates. among 342 clinical isolates tested, all staphylococci; 92% of escherichia coli, 93% of klebsiella pneumoniae, and 92% of enterobacter were inhibited by 0.8 mug or less of netilmicin per ml, but only 78% of p. aeruginosa were inhibited by 3.1 mug or less per ml. most clinical isolates of enterococci, serratia marcescens, and ...	1976	10829
resistance to antibiotics of bacteria involved in respiratory infections (author's transl).	the present status of resistance to antibiotics of bacteria involved in respiratory infections is reviewed. schematically it can outlined as follows. streptococcus b-haemolyticus as well as pneumococcus did not change their sensitivity to penicillin, but some strains are now resistant to tetracycline. streptococcus viridans, enterococcus and h. influenzae did not change substantially their sensitivity to antibiotics. staphylococcus aureus is the bacterial species that always poses some problems ...	1976	13744
intracellular nucleodepolymerase of bacteria, representatives of the proteus and providencia groups. its isolation and properties.	high activity of enzymes, splitting native, denaturated dna, deoxyribooligonucleotides and rna, was observed in cell free extracts of bacteria--representatives of 5 strains of proteus-providencia. some properties of nucleases were studied in cell free extracts. in the bacteria studied dnaases were thermolabile proteins, which were completely inactivated at 50-60 degrees, rnaases were more thermostable. the ph optima of the dnaases were at ph 9.0-11.0 in cell free system; rnaases were maximally a ...	1976	17219
reconstitution of the somatic (o-) antigenic scheme for providencia and preparation of o-typing antisera.	the somatic (o-) antigens of the type strains of the providencia antigenic scheme were examined for their biochemical reactions and their o-specificities. the scheme of 62 o-antigens was reconstituted from 52 original type strains and 10 strains substituted for originals that either were biochemically atypical of the genus or showed inappropriate serological reactions. thirty-six type strains showed no significant relations with other type strains, and antisera could be used for typing without a ...	1976	56410
in vitro activity of amikacin and ten other aminoglycoside antibiotics against gentamicin-resistant bacterial strains.	sixty-nine strains of gentamicin-resistant gram-negative bacilli obtained from different geographical sources were tested for susceptibility to 11 aminoglycoside antibiotics. from the results of determinations of minimal inhibitory concentrations, patterns of resistance were established for 45 strains of enterobacteriaceae and 24 strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa. overall, 81% of the strains were sensitive to amikacin and 33% of the strains were sensitive to butirosin, the next most active compo ...	1976	62815
the cleavage of polyoma virus dna by restriction enzymes kpni and psti.	the action of two restriction endonucleases on polyoma virus dna has been examined and the sites at which they cleave the dna located. one of the enzymes, kpni from klebsiella pneumoniae ok8, cleaves polyoma dna twice at about 11-6 and 59-2% from the ecori site. the other enzyme, psti from providencia stuartii 164, cleaves polyoma dna five times at about 14-8, 16-5, 32-6, 50-3 and 80-0% from the ecori site. some of the cleavages produced by these enzymes alone, or in conjunction with other endon ...	1976	180247
susceptibility of "enterobacteria" to aminoglycoside antibiotics: comparisons with tetracyclines, polymyxins, chloramphenicol, and spectinomycin.	strains of enterobacteria, including common, aerobic, pathogenic gram-negative bacilli, and enterococci were tested for susceptibility to 11 aminoglycoside antibiotics by a twofold agar-dilution method with an inocula replicator. for comparison, similar tests were done with seven tetracycline analogues, two polymyxins, chloramphenicol, and spectinomycin. tobramycin compared favorably with the more active aminoglycosides, with some exceptions related to individual strains of species. the tetracyc ...	1976	184213
paradoxical effect of mecillinam on providencia stuartii.		1976	206531
the use of aminoglycoside 2'-n-acetyltransferase for the assay of gentamicin in serum, plasma and urine.		1977	321413
mobilization of morganocin 174 plasmid and kinetics of morganocin production in proteus and escherichia coli hosts.	morganocin 174 is coded by a plasmid, mor174. the plasmid is not self-transmissible but may be mobilized by resistance factor r772. morganocin synthesis in all proteus and providencia strains carrying mor174 was characterized by a longer lag period after induction and higher titers than in escherichia coli b(mor174). the low titers obtained in e. coli b(mor174) are due to a heatstable inhibitor produced by this strain. synthesis of morganocin is not constitutive and may be induced by ultraviolet ...	1977	324393
in vitro susceptibility of cephalothin-resistant enterobacteriaceae to cefoxitin and bl-s786.	the in vitro antibacterial activity of two agents relatively resistant to beta-lactamases, bl-s786 and cefoxitin, was tested against 123 recent different clinical isolates of cephalothin-resistant enterobacteriaceae. bl-s786 showed considerable activity against escherichia coli and lesser activity against klebsiella pneumoniae with, respectively, 68% and 41% inhibited at 32 microng/ml. cefoxitin showed more activity in vitro against e. coli, k. pneumoniae, serratia marcescens and providencia stu ...	1977	324961
[growth of non-sporing anaerobes in an oxygen-free blood culture system (author's transl)].	the efficacy of the commercially available vacutainer blood culture system to support the growth of non-sporing anaerobes was compared with two laboratory-prepared blood culture media (supplemented thioglycollate medium and brain heart infusion). the media were inoculated with 10, 100 and 1000 organisms of the species tested, and the number of colony-forming units was determined at intervals of 8-10 hrs. analogous experiments were performed with batches of the media to which 10% vol/vol of human ...	1977	325956
[checking the reliability of the pathotec biochemical test system for bacterial identification].	tests of the pathotec system intended for express bacteriological diagnosis were checked in comparative experiments with the common biochemical methods. cultures of the following microbes were used: schigella, salmonella, escherichia, citrobacter, klebsiella, enterobacter, proteus, providencia, pseudomonas, bordetella, staphylococcus, streptococcus. in a number of tests, such as determination of cytochromoxidase, nitrate reduciase, phenylalaninedeaminase, indol, acetoin (for the differentiation ...	1977	325964
esculin hydrolysis by enterobacteriaceae.	literature reports disagree concerning esculin hydrolysis in the family enterobacteriaceae. a total of 2,490 strains of the family were investigated for esculin hydrolysis by two methods, the esculin spot test and the pathotec incubation strip, which measures constitutive enzyme, and five growth-supporting methods, which determine both constitutive and inducible enzymes. the five growth-supporting media studied were: vaughn-levine, the standard esculin hydrolysis medium (p. r. edwards and w. h. ...	1977	330558
methyl mercaptan and dimethyl disulfide production from methionine by proteus species detected by head-space gas-liquid chromatography.	head-space gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry were used to detect and identify products formed by proteus vulgaris, p. mirabilis, p. morganii, and p. rettgeri from a defined medium supplemented with either phenylalanine, methionine, valine, leucine, histidine, lysine, ornithine, threonine, asparagine, aspartic acid, or tryptophan. in a detailed study of the products formed by 68 strains of proteus spp. from l-methionine, the production of large amounts of both dimethyl disulfide and ...	1977	332705
unusual enterobacteriaceae. "proteus rettgeri" that "change" into providencia stuartii.	a blood culture bottle from a patient with bacteremia contained both proteus rettgeri biogroup 5 and providencia stuartii (described in bergey's manual of determinative bactiology [8th ed., 1974] as proteus inconstans), which had the same unusual antibiotic resistance pattern. single colonies of this p. rettgeri biogroup 5 isolate were shown to produce urea- clones. if current taxonomy is used, the strain changed from p. rettgeri to p. stuartii in the laboratory and probably also in the patient. ...	1977	334793
[study of the role of conditionally pathogenic enterobacteria in acute intestinal diseases].	conditionally pathogenic enterobacteria were isolated in 34.2% of the patients with acute intestinal diseases (1559 cases examined in all). such representatives of enterobacteria as klebsiella, hafnia, citrobacter of 4, 8, and 22 serological groups. proteus mirabilis of 6, 10, 13, 26, and 28 serological groups, and proteus morganii mostly played the etiological role. in some of the patients conditionally pathogenic microbes only aggravated the main disease, taking part in the development of dysb ...	1977	335739
aminoglycoside inactivating enzymes produced by r plasmids of escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus vulgaris, providencia stuartii and serratia marcescens.		1977	340445
ovalbumin gene. action of restriction endonucleases upon dna coding sequence.		1977	68956
[simplified diagnostic scheme for enterobacteriaceae].	after testing 18 experimental variants against 40 reference strains belonging to different enterovacteriaceae groups, the authors chose a multitest medium that permits concomitant testing of mobility, indol, lysinedecarboxylase and phenylalanine deaminase (milp). in this medium, the reactions of 3734 strains belonging to the genera escherichia, shigella. salmonella, citrobacter, klebsiella, enterobacter, serratia. proteus and providencia were concordant with the reactions in individual test medi ...	1977	144994
evolution of sensitivity to fosfomycin at jimenez diaz foundation.	the sensitivity to fosfomycin of more than 8,000 strains of bacteria isolated from products recevied by the laboratory between 1972 and 1974 has been studied. some were studied by the dilution technique in a solid medium and the remainder was studied by diffusion. a single 50-mug disc was used and the strains inhibited by concentrations of less than 64 mug/ml or with inhibition halos of 15 mm diameter or more were considered sensitive. it is clear from this study that there are no significant ch ...	1977	401722
in vitro activity of netilmicin, gentamicin, and amikacin.	the in vitro activity of netilmicin (sch 20569), a new semisynthetic derivative of gentamicin, was compared with that of gentamicin and amikacin. one hundred and ninety-two clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococcus aureus were tested using both agar and broth dilution techniques. netilmicin was comparable to gentamicin, with the following exceptions: (i) for serratia marcescens and p. aeruginosa, gentamicin was more active than netilmicin; (ii) all strai ...	1977	402104
clinical and laboratory study of tobramycin in the treatment of infections due to gram-negative organisms.	tobramycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, was used to treat 52 infections due to gram-negative organisms in 51 patients. complicated urinary tract infections, bacteremia and pyelonephritis accounted for 80% of the infections. the rate of immediate satisfactory response was 79%. during therapy with tobramycin, resistant organisms emerged in four patients--two pseudomonas aeruginosa and two escherichia coli strains. there were four superinfections with tobramycin-resistant providencia sp. in four ...	1977	406032
a simple method for determining bacterial susceptibility to aminoglycosides.	a method is described of determining the susceptibility of enterobacteria to four amino-glycosides by means of an antibiotic diffusion method. the results are exose obtained by a method that involved titration in agar plates and the use of a multi-point inoculator. a statistical analysis showed that the diffusion method gave accurate reproducible results. the antibiotic can be incorporated into paper disks, paper strips or agar ditches and the calculation converting the measured zones of inhibit ...	1977	408495
nosocomial urinary tract infections caused by two o-serotypes of providencia stuartii in one hospital.	providencia stuartii nosocomial urinary tract infections occurring in the same hospital over an 18-month period of retrospective study were shown, by serotyping and biotyping, to have been caused by two endemic strains. two episodes, involving 38 patients in one ward and 11 patients in another, were caused by a mannitol-positive strain of serotype o55. transmission of the strain through the movements of one patient appeared to have been the basis for the introduction of the agent from one ward t ...	1977	591628
[etiologic role of bacteria of the genus providencia in acute intestinal diseases].	a study was made of morphological, cultural, biochemical properties and antigenic structure (by o-antigen) of 59 strains isolated in group acute intestinal affection of children at the pioneer camp. by the combination of biochemical properties (31 tests) all the cultures isolated were referred to providencia alcalifaciens of biotype 7. serological typing with the aid of experimental diagnostic agglutinating o-sera showed these strains to be referred to serological group o2. identity of the o-ant ...	1977	602540
combined action of phosphomycin with streptomycin and gentamicin.	the combined action of phosphomycin with streptomycin and gentamicin against 41 strains of gram-positive micrococci (s. aureus and str. faecalis) and 87 strains of gram-negative bacilli (including 38 strains of pseudomonas) was evaluated. the combination of phosphomycin with streptomycin acted synergistically against 12 strains of gram-positive micrococci, and the combination of phosphomycin with gentmicin against 10 strains. the combination of phosphomycin with streptomycin acted synergisticall ...	1977	348150
evaluation of fosfomycin in an intensive care unit.	sensitivity to fosfomycin has been studied and recorded throughout a period of 12 months in the bacteriological isolations originating from this intensive care unit. the 548 samples were biological products obtained from patients admitted to this unit (bronchial exudates, urine, wounds, blood, cava catheters and cerebrospinal fluid). the highest percentage of sensitivity was given by s. aureus coagulase (+), s. fecalis and e. coli (91, 89 and 84% respectively), and the least by p. aeruginosa and ...	1977	832542
antimicrobial activity in vitro of netilmicin and comparison with sisomicin, gentamicin, and tobramycin.	the antimicrobial activity of netilmicin, a new semisynthetic aminoglycosidic aminocyclitol, was determined against 123 recent gram-negative clinical isolates susceptible to gentamicin and 60 isolates resistant to either sisomicin, gentamicin, or tobramycin. the minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentrations of netilmicin, sisomicin, gentamicin, and tobramycin against pseudomonas, escherichia coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, proteus mirabilis, and indole-positive proteu ...	1977	836009
in vitro studies with netilmicin compared with amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin.	netilmicin, a new semisynthetic aminoglycoside derived by ethylation of the 1-n position of the deoxystreptamine ring of sisomicin, was tested in vitro with 4,070 strains of gram-negative bacilli isolated at the ucla medical center during 1975 to 1976, using the agar dilution technique and an inoculum of approximately 10(4) organisms. results were compared with those simultaneously obtained for amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin. using mueller-hinton medium, inhibitory concentrations in broth ...	1977	836015
intracellular crystalline deposits by bacteria grown in urine from a stone former.	several species of bacteria were found to form an intracellular crystalline material when grown in urine obtained from a subject with a history of infrequent renal calculi formation. the following species: proteus mirabilis, proteus rettgeri, providencia stuartii, enterobacter aerogenes, enterobacter cloacae, escherichia coli, and candida albicans formed crystals of hydroxyapatite. klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and proteus vulgaris produced crystals of calcite -ii. several of th ...	1977	844994
serologic relationship of fimbriae among enterobacteriaceae.	the existence of serological relationship of fimbriae among serotypes of the same genus and among genera of enterobacteriaceae was determined by agglutination and absorption procedures. it was found that fimbriae of different serotypes of the same genus and among the genera a) escherichia, shigella and klebsiella, and b) salmonella, arizona and citrobacter were more or less antigentically related. no relationship was found among fimbriae of the edwardsiella, enterobacter, hafnia, serratia, prote ...	1977	880000
a site-specific endodeoxyribonuclease from streptomyces albus cmi 52766 sharing site-specificity with providencia stuartii endonuclease psti.	a class ii site-specific endodeoxyribonuclease (salpi) was identified in cell-free extracts of streptomyces albus cmi 52766 after high speed centrifugation and fractionation through bio gel ao.5m. salpi cleaves lambda dna into at least 18 fragments. five cleavage sites were located in the linear lambda map by the use of double and triple restriction enzyme digests involving ecori, hindiii, salgi and another new streptomyces enzyme, saci. the results were indistinguishable from those previously o ...	1977	896480
[activity of extracellular and intracellular nucleodepolymerases of bacteria of the proteus--providencia group during the process of growth of a cellular population].		1977	899430
a comparison of the minimum inhibitory concentrations of sisomicin and of fourteen other antibiotics.	the activities of sisomicin and of fourteen other antibiotics have been compared for their inhibitory activity on all the different strains of bacteria isolated from a 3,000 bed hospital. the antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed in liquid medium and expressed as minimum inhibitory concentrations. the tests were performed over a period of four months. the results are discussed.	1978	359385
simultaneous production of two types of beta-lactamase in escherichia coli and providencia stuartii.	the production of beta-lactamase has been studied in two strains isolated from clinical samples: providencia stuartii mulb 501 and escherichia coli mulb 130. these strains were selected for their high resistance level to penicillins and cephalosporins. determination and identification of beta-lactamase activity were achieved by combining several up-to-date methods including (i) neutralization by anti-beta-lactamase sera, (ii) purification by affinity chromatography on cephalosporin c linked seph ...	1978	365308
bacteriophage specificity in the identification of yersinia pestis as compared with other enterobacteria.	bacteriophage typing of yersinia pestis and the specificity of the phage among enterobacteriaceae were investigated. the bacteriophage used for rapid identification of y. pestis reacted with representative strains of all recognized species of shigella as well as with salmonella cholerae-suis. reactive shigella serotypes were sh. dysenteriae 1 and 9, sh. flexneri 2a, sh. boydii 1 and 6, and sh. sonnei. patterns consisting of isolated plaques (two cases) or absence of plaques were observed when th ...	1978	375327
consequence of cerulenin-released beta-lactamase in clinical coliforms.	periplasmic beta-lactamase of certain clinical coliforms was released, without affecting cell viability, by perturbation of the outer membrane utilizing the fatty acid-mimicking antibiotic cerulenin. release of such compartmentalized beta-lactamase, at high population density, seems to provide an extra margin of resistance to the organisms against cephaloridine.	1978	626484
chemotherapeutic evaluation of 5-episisomicin (sch 22591), a new semisynthetic aminoglycoside.	5-episisomicin (sch 22591) is a novel semisynthetic aminoglycoside with a spectrum and potency similar to gentamicin in its activity against susceptible bacterial strains, but with increased potency against pseudomonas, providencia, and proteus rettgeri. it is also more active than tobramycin and amikacin against these last-mentioned species.against resistant strains, sch 22591 is significantly more active than gentamicin or tobramycin. against resistant gram-negative bacteria other than pseudom ...	1978	626490
bacteriocine typing of providencia isolates.	a method of typing isolates of providencia is described based on the sensitivities of the organisms to bacteriocines. twelve standard bacteriocine producing strains were selected from a large number of isolates tested and from these liquid bacteriocine preparations were obtained. the activities of these preparations on over 300 isolates were determined and from this information a bacteriocine typing system has been developed.	1978	654675
comparative in vitro activity of five nitrofurans.	five nitrofurans- nitrofurantoin, nifuratel, nitrofurazone, furazolidone and and sq 18,506--have been tested against 201 microbial strains. escherichia coli, streptococcus faecalis, micrococci and staphylococcus epidermidis were sensitive to all five compounds; furazolidone and sq 18,506 were the most active against these species. klebsiella aerogenes was less sensitive, and proteus spp., providencia stuartii and pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were resistant. nifuratel was inhibitory for some ca ...	1978	657876
synergy of azlocillin and mezlocillin combined with aminoglycoside antibiotics and cephalosporins.	synergistic activity between both azlocillin and mezlocillin and aminoglycosides or cefazolin could be demonstrated by checkerboard dilution, isobologram, and killing curve techniques. azlocillin and mezlocillin combined with gentamicin, netilmicin, or amikacin were synergistic against escherichia coli, klebsiella, citrobacter, enterobacter, serratia, and indole-positive proteus. synergy was observed with isolates that were susceptible or resistant to azlocillin or mezlocillin. synergy was seen ...	1978	666302
cross-protection of mice provided by active and passive immunization against experimental infections with virulent proteus rettgeri and providencia bacteria.	immunization with providencia and proteus rettgeri formalin-treated bacterial suspensions produced high levels of protection in mice against homologous and heterologous challenge. mice were also cross-protected, but less effectively, by passive administration of rabbit type-specific antisera. the protective activity appeared to be due to an antigen common to strains of different o-serotypes. it was not detectable in agglutination reactions, and preliminary results indicate that it is thermostabl ...	1978	669801
kanamycin resistance in providencia stuartii.		1978	670120
chemical transformation of gentamicin c1a into 2'-n-methylgentamicin c1a, active against providencia 164.		1978	681243
in vitro studies with sch 21420 and sch 22591: activity in comparison with six other aminoglycosides and synergy with penicillin against enterococci.	in vitro tests were performed with sch 21420 and sch 22591 to determine (i) their activity in comparison to six other aminoglycosides against 343 clinical isolates, and (ii) whether synergy with penicillin g could be demonstrated with enterococci. in broth dilution tests, sch 22591 was more active than the seven other aminoglycosides against staphylococcus aureus, enterobacteriaceae, and most nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli. sch 22591 was as active as tobramycin against pseudomonas aeruginos ...	1978	697346
activity of 5-episisomicin compared with that of other aminoglycosides.	5-episisomicin, a semisynthetic aminoglycoside, has been shown to inhibit many members of the enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococcus aureus. at a concentration of 3.1 mug/ml, more than 90% of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter, citrobacter, indole-positive proteus, and providencia were inhibited. 5-episisomicin had activity against s. aureus, e. coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, and citrobacter similar to gentamicin and netilmicin. it had activity similar ...	1978	697347
in vitro studies with uk-18,892, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic.	the antibacterial activity of uk-18,892, a new semisynthetic aminoglycoside, was examined against aminoglycoside-susceptible and aminoglycoside-resistant clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli and staphylococcus aureus. uk-18,892 had a similar degree of activity to those of amikacin and kanamycin a against aminoglycoside-susceptible bacteria but was less potent than gentamicin against all isolates except providencia spp. uk-18,892 was highly active against aminoglycoside-resistant bacteria, ...	1978	708005
sensitivity of urine-grown cells of providencia stuartii to antiseptics.	urine-grown cultures of 23 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria having a range of minimum inhibitory concentration values for chorhexidine were challenged with various concentrations of this antiseptic. the results suggest that cells of providencia stuartii, in particular, exhibit a considerable degree of resistance to chlorhexidine under these conditions, concentrations of up to 10 000--20 000 microgram/ml of urine being necessary to produce complete loss of viability of such cultures. o ...	1978	711901
semisynthetic cephalosporins. synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7-(1-pyrryl)- and 7-(1-indolyl)acetamidocephalosporin derivatives.	a series of 1-pyrrole- and 1-indoleacetamido derivatives of 3-heteroaryl-substituted cephalosporins was prepared. the most active compound in the series was 7-[[2-(1-pyrryl)acetyl]amino]-3-[[(1-methyltetrazol-5-yl)thio]-methyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid (6), which showed comparable potency in vitro and in vivo to that of cefazolin, and, in addition, was more potent than cefazolin against enterobacter sp. and providencia stuartii.	1978	722761
oxalate biosynthesis from phenylalanine by the providencia-proteus group organisms.		1978	747520
hand-washing degerming: a comparison of povidone-iodine and chlorhexidine.	two antiseptic preparations for hand washing were compared by the glove-juice method in a crossover study on 10 volunteers. the reference preparation was 7.5% povidone-iodine (betadine surgical scrub); the test agent was 4% chlorhexidine gluconate combined with 4% isopropyl alcohol (hibiclens). the experimental model included inoculation of the hands with a mixture of serratia marcescens, escherichia coli, providentia stuartii, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. the reference preparation achieved a red ...	1978	412637
piperacillin, a new penicillin active against many bacteria resistant to other penicillins.	the in vitro activity of piperacillin, a new semisynthetic piperazine penicillin derivative, was evaluated against 626 clinical isolates and compared with the activity of other beta-lactam antibiotics. at a concentration of 0.1 microgram/ml, piperacillin inhibited all streptococci except enterococci. non-beta-lactamase-producing staphylococci were inhibited by 1.6 microgram or less per ml. both beta-lactamase- and non-beta-lactamase-producing haemophilus were inhibited by 0.1 microgram/ml. piper ...	1978	122519
susceptibility of cephalothin-resistant gram-negative bacilli to piperacillin, cefuroxime, and other selected antibiotics.	the in vitro antibacterial activity of piperacillin and cefuroxime against 180 isolates of cephalothin-resistant enterobacteriaceae and of piperacillin against 46 isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa was determined. amikacin, gentamicin, carbenicillin, cefoxitin, and cefamandole were included for comparison. the activities of piperacillin and carbenicillin against enterobacteriaceae were comparable. piperacillin was appreciably more active against pseudomonas than carbenicillin and was equivalent ...	1978	122524
1-n hapa gentamicin b, a new aminoglycoside active against gentamicin resistant isolates--activity compared to other aminoglycosides.	1-n hapa gentamicin b is a new aminoglycoside active against most enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus. among 504 clinical isolates at a concentration of 12.5 microgram/ml all staph. aureus, escherichia coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, proteus rettgeri, providencia and 78% of pseudomonas, 86% of proteus morganii were inhibited. like other aminoglycosides, the activity was greatest at an alkaline ph and reduced by high cations concentrations. 1-n hapa gentamicin b w ...	1978	27494
[antibiotic treatment in acute peritonitis].	the selection depends on several factors and in particular: -the means of transport by which the antibiotic reaches the peritoneum : the aminosides and the betalactamines attain the peritoneum easily while the polymyxins do not; -the causative agent: most often it is a gram negative aerobic or anaerobic bacteria. the entero-bacteria predominate but in the last few years bacteroides fragilis has been frequently encountered giving rise to numerous studies. the flora is most often polymicrobic. th ...	1978	35071
[dry medium with ampholan for isolation of proteus and providencia].		1978	79680
intercontinental nosocomial infections.		1978	79961
in vitro susceptibility of gentamicin and/or tobramycin resistant gram-negative bacilli to seven aminoglycosides.	the in vitro activity of gentamicin, tobramycin, sisomicin, netilmicin, amikacin, kanamycin and streptomycin was tested simultaneously by the agar dilution method against 584 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli that were resistant to gentamicin and/or tobramycin. about half of the gentamicin-resistant pseudomonas were susceptible to tobramycin but cross-resistance was virtually complete between gentamicin and tobramycin for enterobacteriaceae. sisomicin was much more active than gentamici ...	1978	98451
susceptibility of 327 clinical isolates to netilmicin.	netilmicin, a semisynthetic derivative of sisomicin, was tested against 327 isolates of staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa and gram-negative enteric bacilli. seventy-two per cent of the isolates were inhibited at a concentration of 0.5 microgram netilmicin per ml, and 93% of the isolates were susceptible to 4 microgram per ml or less. the mics of netilmicin and gentamicin for 24 providencia and 38 pseudomonas isolates were compared. the activity of netilmicin closely paralleled that o ...	1978	100353
characterization and clinical identification of enterobacteriaceae by dna hybridization.		1978	345354
[in vitro activity of cefoxitin compared with the activity of other antibiotics and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (author's transl)].	the new developed antibiotic cefoxitin has been tested in vitro on its effectiveness against bacteria isolated from human material. pseudomonas aeruginosa and streptococci of the serological group d were not tested, because these microorganisms are not sensitive against this antibiotic. besides cefoxitin other antibiotics (cephalothin, cephalexin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, tetracycline, gentamicin, penicillin g, oxacillin) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were also tested. as to the results ce ...	1978	347234
location of the cleavage sites on the sv 40 dna map produced by the restriction endonucleases pst 1 and bam 1.	restriction endonucleases from providencia stuartii (pst 1) and bacillus amyloliquefaciens h (bam 1) cleave sv 40 dna at two and one specific sites, respectively. using ecori and hind iii endonuclease restriction sites as reference, the two pst i sites were mapped at 0.050; 0.265 and the bam i site was mapped at 0.170 of the genome length, clockwise, from the single ecori cleavage site.	1978	210371
hr 756, a highly active cephalosporin: comparison with cefazolin and carbenicillin.	hr 756, a new parenteral cephalosporin, was compared with cefazolin and carbenicillin for activity against a total of 264 strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., proteus mirabilis, proteus spp. (indole positive), enterobacter spp., salmonella typhi, serratia marcescens, providencia stuartii, and staphylococcus aureus. in every comparison, except that with the last organism, hr 756 was clearly more active than cefazolin and carbenicillin. all three compounds had simi ...	1978	253572
gentamicin and amikacin---an in vitro comparison using 1000 clinical isolates.	the in vitro antimicrobial activities of gentamicin and amikacin against 1000 bacterial isolates from clinical material were compared. the minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by an agar dilution technique. both of these aminoglycoside antibiotics had a similar spectrum of activity, being highly active against most species of aerobic gram negative bacilli. gentamicin was more active than amikacin against most species of enterobacteria, haemophilus influenzae and staphylococcus aureu ...	1978	282852
spontaneous perforation of the common bile duct: report of a case.	a case is reported of spontaneous perforation of the common bile duct in a 59-year-old woman. recurrent episodes of epigastric and right hypochondriac pain over one year culminated in the onset of obstructive jaundice. there were not signs of peritonitis, and laparotomy revealed an abscess surrounding a perforation in the common bile duct just distal to the cystic duct. a cholesterol gallstone was present at the site of perforation. a paracolon bacterium, providence alcalifaciens, was isolated f ...	1978	285702
[epidemiologic study performed at the college "las americas" of the community of providencia].		1978	289049
comparison of bl-s786 with cephalothin, cefamandole and cefoxitin in vitro and in treatment of experimental infections in mice.	the activity of bl-s786 was compared to that of cephalothin, cefamandole and cefoxitin in vitro and in treatment of experimental infections in mice. in broth dilution tests, the activity of bl-s786 was less than cephalothin or cefamandole against staphylococcus aureus and less than cefamandole or cefoxitin against haemophilus influenzae. bl-s786 and cefamandole were the two most active drugs against cephalothin-sensitive enterobacteriaceae. in tests with cephalothin-resistant enterobacteriaceae, ...	1978	306989
[anodically moving thermolabile antigen (ata) of gram-negative bacteria. its antibody-forming capacity in rabbits and mice].	injection of purified ata as well as of ata-containing crude sonic extracts of gram-negative bacteria into rabbits or mice causes rapid occurrence of anti-ata antibodies. thus, the retarded occurrence of anti-ata antibodies after immunization with living bacteria can be explained by the rather deep localization of ata in the cell wall.	1979	312565
the comparative beta-lactamase resistance and inhibitory activity of 1-oxa cephalosporin, cefoxitin and cefotaxime.	the beta-lactamase stability and inhibitory activity of 1-oxa cephalosporin, (6r,7r)-7-[[carboxy(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl]amino]-7-methoxy-3-[[(1-methyl-1h-tetrazol-5-yl)thio]methyl]-8-oxo-5-oxa-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, was investigated and compared to that of cefoxitin and cefotaxime. there was no detectable beta-lactamase hydrolysis of 1-oxa cephalosporin, cefotaxime and cefoxitin when incubated with beta-lactamases of plasmid or chromosomal origin which were primarily cep ...	1979	315938
genetic recombination in fused spheroplasts of providence alcalifaciens.	spheroplasts of providence alcalifaciens strain p29 auxotrophs were prepared by combined treatment with glycine and lysozyme-edta. about 15% of spheroplasts had areas of cytoplasmic membrane exposed where cell wall was absent. the spheroplasts of different auxotrophs were mixed pairwise and fusion was attempted with polyethylene glycol or nascent calcium phosphate. after spheroplasts had regenerated to bacterial forms selection was made for recombinants. recombinants arose at frequencies of 3.8 ...	1979	295358
in vitro combination of mecillinam with cephradine or amoxycillin for organisms resistant to single agents.	of 36 multi-resistant gram-negative bacilli isolated from different cases of urinary tract infection, 18 strains of escherichia coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, proteus, providencia and serratia with the exception of acinetobacter species showed synergy when mecillinam was combined with cephradine or amoxycillin in the ratio of 1:1. combination with cephradine was synergistic on sixteen occasions and amoxycillin on six. synergy, which might have clinical relevance, was demonstrated only when the ...	1979	227829