Publications

[in-vitro synergism between beta-lactamines. i. anti-bacterial action of ampicillin-cloxacillin combination on gram-negative bacteria].		1973	4214512
development of high resolution pyrolysis-gas chromatography for the identification of microorganisms.		1974	4217802
bacterial density in operation wounds.		1974	4218421
antisepsis of the operation site with aqueous cetrimide/chlorhexidine and chlorhexidine in alcohol.		1974	4218422
[treatment of urinary tract infections in children. clinical experience with minocycline granules (author's transl)].		1974	4219032
localization and phenotypic expression of a tol marker in citrobacter freundii.		1974	4219267
r-factor-induced resistance levels.		1974	4155868
r factors and colicins in escherichia coli strains causing infections of the urinary apparatus.		1974	4155897
vi antigen from salmonella typhosa and immunity against typhoid fever. i. isolation and immunologic properties in animals.	the role of vi antigen in human immunity against typhoid fever has been debated for decades. circumstantial evidence indicates that vi antigen may play a role in pathogenicity and immunity. a vi preparation was isolated from salmonella typhosa, the causative organism in human typhoid fever, by a mild precipitation method. it was significantly more potent in animal studies than preparations from citrobacter used in the past for human study and less toxic than conventional typhoid vaccines. with t ...	1974	4205947
[etiological role of bacteria of the genera citrobacter and hafina in diseases accompanied by diarrhea in children and some of their epidemiological characteristics].		1974	4409497
evidence for the direct binding of polyamines to a ribonuclease that hydrolyzes ribonucleic acid at uridylic acid residues.		1974	4419683
polynucleotide sequence divergence in the genus citrobacter.		1974	4427101
[etiological significance of bacteria of the genus citrobacter in the genesis of food poisoning].		1974	4428670
the influence of tetrathionate respiration on catabolite repression in citrobacter.		1974	4430481
properties of r factors from bordetella bronchiseptica.	genetic properties and host ranges of r factors derived from bordetella bronchiseptica of pig origin were examined. all of 61 r factors tested could confer resistance to streptomycin, sulfonamide, and aminobenzyl penicillin on their host bacteria. all of them were identified as fi(-) (no fertility inhibition) type and were found to exhibit no restriction of phages lambda, phi80, p1, p2, t1, t3, t6, t7, w31, and bf-23. they could confer macarbomysin susceptibility on their host cells when infecte ...	1974	4451355
[enzyme characteristics of bacteria of the genera citrobacter and hafnia and their identification during laboratory diagnosis of intestinal infections].		1974	4454846
sensitivity of citrobacter freundii and citrobacter koseri to cephalosporins and penicillins.	an examination of 99 field and reference strains of citrobacter freundii showed 79% of them to be resistant to cephaloridine and sensitive to carbenicillin, while 96% of 45 field and reference strains of citrobacter koseri examined were sensitive to cephaloridine and resistant to carbenicillin. susceptibility tests with these two antibiotics are therefore useful in separating the two species of citrobacter.	1974	4496972
direct selection for p1-sensitive mutants of enteric bacteria.	a method has been developed to isolate mutants sensitive to coliphage p1 from bacterial genera normally not sensitive to this phage. p1clr100km was used. this phage is heat inducible and confers kanamycin resistance when present as a prophage (in lysogens). p1-sensitive mutants of klebsiella, enterobacter, citrobacter, and erwinia have been found. this technique provides a well-known genetic system for the study of many bacterial genera that previously had either no such system or only a margina ...	1974	4598005
the serology of citrobacter koseri, levinea malonatica, and levinea amalonatica.		1974	4599660
a new episomic element controlling fermentative metabolism and excretion of amino acids by citrobacter intermedium c3.	glutamate excretion by colonies of citrobacter intermedium c3 was detected by using the auxotrophic strain leuconostoc mesenteroides p-60. a constant ratio of strain c3 colonies did not excrete glutamate. these colonies were subcultured, and colonial analysis of their descendants established that the change from non-excretor to excretor (sg(-) --> sg(+)) is a spontaneous and random process with occurs at a high rate, and that an equilibrium state results from the back-transition sg(+) --> sg(-) ...	1974	4600693
biochemical and antibiotic susceptibility studies of h2s-negative citrobacter.	ninety-four strains of h(2)s-negative citrobacter were biochemically characterized and their antibiograms were determined. the antibiograms demonstrated not only a difference from enterobacter cloacae but also a difference within the citrobacter group between the indole-negative and indole-positive strains. these differences were statistically significant and emphasize the importance of the indole reaction as an aid to speciation of the h(2)s-negative citrobacter.	1974	4602308
occurrence of potential pathogens in water containing ornamental fishes.	the bacterial population of the water supplied with ornamental fish purchased from retail outlets was examined qualitatively and quantitatively. as many as 10(9) viable aerobic organisms per 100 ml were present, with fecal coliform counts as high as 10(5) per 100 ml. citrobacter, escherichia, pseudomonas, and vibrio were isolated from 75% or more of the samples, whereas aeromonas, alcaligenes, enterobacter, flavobacterium, and streptococcus were isolated from 45 to 65% of the samples. pseudomona ...	1974	4602309
purified vi antigens as possible typhoid vaccines.		1974	4606971
the mutagenic action of nitroimidazoles. i. metronidazole, nimorazole, dimetridazole and ronidazole.		1974	4610373
[transmissible drug resistance in enterobacteria].		1974	4610983
[coliform bacteria in dairy products of easy spoilage].		1974	4610984
[application of the coons test in studies on immune reaction to oral typhoid vaccination (author's transl)].		1974	4613132
therapeutic trials with tobramycin.		1974	4613176
[thermostability of coliform bacteria].		1974	4614553
enterobacteria, beta-lactam antibiotics and beta-lactamases in clinical practice.		1974	4615152
[thin layer electrophoretic determination of biogenic amines in fishes and fish products in connection with food poisoning].		1974	4616180
pressure transducer method for measuring gas production by microorganisms.	a simple method for measuring gas production by microorganisms by using a pressure transducer to sense pressure buildup was developed and tested with members of the coliform group. the test system consisted of a 5.0 lb/in(2) pressure transducer and a pressure equalizer valve attached to the metal cap of a test tube (20 by 150 mm); gas pressure was recorded on a strip-chart recorder. gas pressure response curves consisted of (i) a lag period with no marked increase in pressure, (ii) a rapid press ...	1974	4589123
citrobacter perinephric abscess presenting as pneumoscrotum in transplant recipient.		1974	4595716
isolation and characterization of hfr males in citrobacter freundii.		1974	4596659
evaluation of commercial conjugates for fluorescent antibody detection of slamonellae.	fluorescent antibody (fa) reagents for salmonella produced by difco, sylvana, and clinical sciences, inc., were evaluated for physicochemical and performance characteristics. the difco panvalent (a through 064) and the difco polyvalent (a through s) were similar in physicochemical characteristics. they had less than 60% gamma globulin with 3% albumin and had fluorescein to protein (f/p) ratios of less than 10. the sylvana conjugate had 81% gamma globulin with less than 1% albumin. its f/p was 33 ...	1974	4133829
sensitized and stabilized red blood cells coated with vi antigen as a sensitive tool for the detection of vi agglutinins.		1974	4283039
microbiological studies on septicemic bullfrogs (rana catesbeiana).		1974	4214168
[comparison between the activity of 2 amino-glycoside antibiotics, tobramycin and gentamicin on gram negative bacteria in vitro].		1974	4214247
susceptibility of clinical isolates of bacteria to cefoxitin and cephalothin.	the susceptibility of 4,929 unselected clinical isolates of bacteria to cefoxitin and cephalothin was determined by the single-disk method, using a computer-associated electronic zone analyzer to obtain, record, and process measurements of sizes of zones of inhibition. both cefoxitin and cephalothin were effective against most gram-positive strains, including staphylococcus aureus, s. epidermidis, micrococci, and all streptococci except enterococci. the three strains of listeria monocytogenes te ...	1974	15830480
the properties and large-scale production of l-asparaginase from citrobacter.	an intracellular l-asparaginase with antitumour activity was purified from a strain of citrobacter. the optimum conditions for enzyme production by fermentation on scales up to 2700 l were investigated. highest enzyme yield was obtained in corn-steep liquor medium (9-2%, w/v) at 37 degrees c. oxygen limitation was not necessary for high enzyme yield. a total recovery of 4-3% from nucleic-acid-free extract and a 180-fold increase in specific activity were obtained after purificaiton. the specific ...	1975	465
disruption of vi bacteriophage iii and localization of its deacetylase activity.	it has been shown that particles of vi bacteriophage iii catalyse deacetylation of o-acetyl pectic (polygalacturonic) acid, a structural analogue of vi polysaccharide (vi antigen). using this substrate, and determining the acetic acid liberated by gas-liquid chromatogrphy, a method for the estimation of vi phage deacetylase activity has been developed. purified particles of vi phage iii were exposed to a variety of mildly dissociative reagents and conditions, and then tested for plaque-forming a ...	1975	1468
[the inhibition of various bacterial proteinases with natural proteinase inhibitiors(author's transl)].	proteus mirabilis, citrobacter intermedius, staphylococcus aureus haemolyticus and staphylococcus albus produce extracellualr proteinases with maximum activity at ph 7.8. these proteinases are inhibited practically completely by human and animal blood serum. this inhibitory activity of human serum is caused by alpha2-macroglobulin. ovomucoid showed nearly the same inhibitory activity as alpha2-macroglobulin.	1975	123295
[follow-up study of the occurence of the representatives of the species citrobacter in man and in ambient environment (author's transl)].		1975	124223
[comparison of in vitro activity of ciclacillin and other penicilline(author's transl)].		1975	164612
[comparison of the antibacterial activity of amikacin (bb-k8) with other aminoglycosides against pathogens recently isolated from clinical materials (author's transl) ].	we determined the antibacterial activity of amikacin against 1,277 strains of pathogenic bacteria isolated from clinical materials during 1974, including beta hemolytic streptococci, pneumococci, enterococci, staphylococcus aureus, staph. epidermidis, escherichia coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, citrobacter, serratia, proteus morganii and pseudomonas aeruginosa, and compared the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of this drug with gentamicin, dibekacin, tobramycin and kanamycin. 1)antibacteri ...	1975	240047
[on sensitivity test of dibekacin by the disc method (author's transl)].		1975	240956
[synthetic medium for testing of susceptibility. ii. susceptibility of bacteria to sulphonamides (author's transl)].	a comparative study of 9 media for testing the susceptibility of bacteria to 7 sulphonamides has been carried out. the evaluated culture-media included 4 "mueller hinton" media (mh), 4 others based on the formula of the "diagnostic sensitivity test" agar base (d.s.t.) and a "synthetic medium" (sm) which has been developed in our laboratory. mh and d.s.t. culture-media have been supplied by 4 manufacturing companies in europe and usa. a total number of 21 bacterial cultures have been employed. th ...	1975	241178
[new serological investigations into o-antigenic relations between escherichia coli, salmonella, arizona and citrobacter (author's transl)].	during a systemic investigation into o-antigenic relations within the family enterobacteriaceae, with special emphasis on serological relationships between o-antigens (or o-groups) of e. coli and various o-groupps of salmonella, arizona, and citrobacter, our tests confirmed some findings previously descried by other authors, some were not confirmed, and other antigenic relationships were discovered which have not yet been published. individually tested were o-antigens of 142 serologically define ...	1975	766500
[nomenclature of the s. coli (e. coli) no. 2624/36 and 5396/38 strains].	the author confirmed the fact that s. coli (e. coli) no. 2624/36 and 5396/38 strains were referred to the serological type o37 : h1,5(salmonella) : vi of the citrobacter genus. strains of this serological type of citrobacter failed to ferment cellobiose, starch, contained no decarboxylase of glutamic acid, and did not utilize sodium malonate; they fermented glycerine.	1975	766529
use of tergitol-7 agar in the clinical laboratory.	tergitol-7 agar has been utilized in the author's laboratory for eight years and has been found the superior medium for the rapid isolation, separation and identification of gram negative bacilli found in a clinical setting.	1975	803348
herd studies on coliform mastitis.	escherichia coli, enterobacter aerogenes, and klebsiella pneumoniae were responsible for 63, 10, and 11 percent, respectively, of 158 coliform organisms recovered from mastitis cases in 8 california herds. the severity and nature of the coliform mastitis problem were found to vary greatly among herds but were characteristic for each of 4 herds studied in detail.	1975	804464
transformation of elemental mercury by bacteria.	the fate and impact of elemental mercury in closed bacterial cultures were examined. the quantity of elemental mercury oxidized by bacteria ranged from small amounts for pseudomonas aeruginosa, p. fluorescens, escherichia coli, and citrobacter to essentially all of the added elemental mercury for bacillus subtilis and b. megaterium. the percentage of the total mercury in the system associated with bacterial cells ranged from 18.6 to 43.2%. growth of the two pseudomonas species was inhibited by e ...	1975	804851
lack of mutagenicity of chlormequat chloride in drosophila and in bacteria.		1975	805365
consequences of microbial contamination during extended intravenous therapy using inline filters.	a study was conducted to determine: (1) the effectiveness of 0.22-mum and 0.45-mum pore size membrane filters in retaining microorganisms over a period of 72 hours of intravenous fluid administration; (2) the growth and multiplication characteristics of microorganisms retained on the filter; and (3) the possibility of pyrogens being released by microorganisms trapped on the filter. lactated ringer's injection was used as the i.v. solution. the 0.45-mum filter was found to be effective in retain ...	1975	805533
in vitro bacteriological study of a new antibiotic substance: sisomicin.	effects of a new antimicrobial agent sisomicin on microorganisms isolated from pathologic material (pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, serratia marcescens, klebsiella pneumoniae, salmonella spp., streptococcus pyogenes-b, citrobacter freundii) were studied. the results obtained were compared with another two aminoglycoside antibiotics - gentamicin and tobramycin. all three antibiotics were found to be very effective in vitro; their effect was enhanced by addition of an antibiotic of ...	1975	809943
bacteriophage typing of gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria.		1975	811424
thin-layer chromatographic technique for rapid detection of bacterial phospholipases.	silica gel thin-layer chromatography was employed to detect lecithinase activity induced from bacterial resting cell preparations induced from bacterial resting cell preparations incubated at 37 c for 4 h in the presence of purified egg yolk lecithin. bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, serratia marcescens, and pseudomonas aeruginosa hydrolyzed lecithin with the formation of free fatty acids as the sole lipid-soluble product. in none of the escherichia coli and citrobacter freundii strains teste ...	1975	811682
[citrobacter persistence in the intestinal tract of guinea pigs depending on the microecological status].	gnotobiological studies were conducted on germ-free guinea pigs. association of the animals with the citrobacteria 5396/38 strain led to the reproduction of these bacteria in numbers exceeding the sum total number of all the representatives of the normal microbial flora in the conventional animals. association lasting for a period of 46 days caused no antibody formation in the blood serum of these animals in difference to conventional guinea pigs immunized parenterally. conventionalization of th ...	1975	813461
[total count and bacterial flora of minced meat with special reference to enterobacteria and pseudomonads (author's transl)].	the bacterial flora of minced meat is dominated by micrococcaceae. in addition lactobacilli, pseudomonads, and enterobacteria are present in high numbers. the most important groups of spoiled meat are lactobacilli and pseudomonads. enterobacteria develop predominantly at higher spoilage temperatures (15 degrees c). a more detailed study was conducted on 1076 cultures of enterobacteria and 915 cultures of pseudomonads. the main groups of enterobacteria found on minced meat are enterobacter liquef ...	1975	820123
[bacteriological and clinical studies of 100 significant urocultures].	the authors illustrate a screening for bacteriuria performed on 348 samples of urine by patients occurred to observation in two departments of internal medicine from october 1973 to october 1974. the technique to sampling urine has been the meadstream. colony counts of over 10(5) germs per ml or urine were shown in 100 cases. selective culture media were used for urinary bacteria identification. the aa. show a series of considerations on the pathogenetic significance of microbial cell concentrat ...	1975	829592
tryptophan biosynthetic pathway in the enterobacteriaceae: some physical properties of the enzymes.	several physical properties of the first four enzymatic activities of the tryptophan pathway were examined using gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. five different patterns were noted. differences in the anthranilate synthetase (as) and phosphoribosylanthranilate transferase (prt) defined these patterns. in all the organisms studied phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase and indoleglycerol phosphate synthetase co-eluted from both diethylaminoethyl-cellulose and g-200 and thus probably ...	1975	1116988
tryptophanase of fecal flora as a possible factor in the etiology of colon cancer.	twenty-three strains of intestinal anaerobes obtained from two laboratories were examined for indole production from tryptophan. among the 23 isolates tested, three of bacteroides fragilis thetaiotaomicron and one citrobacter sp. were indole positive. the tryptophanase of the indole-positive strains of intestinal anaerobes was inducible by tryptophan and was susceptible to glucose repression. the products of tryptophanase activity were formed in stoichiometric amounts by dialyzed, freshly prepar ...	1975	1127736
experience and reason--briefly recorded. citrobacter diversus meningitis: a case report.		1975	1128993
[letter: neonatal septicemia and meningitis caused by levinea malonatica].		1975	1129098
susceptibility of clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae to bl-s640, a new oral cephalosporin.	the in vitro activity of bl-s640, a 7-(2-aryl-2-aminoacetamido)-3-(heterocyclic-thiomethyl) cephalosporin, was evaluated against 338 clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae in comparison with ampicillin, cephalothin, cefazolin, and cephalexin. against escherichia coli, bl-s640 was as active as cefazolin and more active than ampicillin, cephalothin, and cephalexin. bl-s640 was as effective as the other cephalosporins tested and far more active than ampicillin against klebsiella and was more activ ...	1975	1137392
massive empyema due to citrobacter diversus.	citrobacter diversus is a gram-negative rod member of the enterobacteriacease family. a patient is described from whom this organism was isolated twice in pure culture from empyema fluid. our isolates of citrobacter diversus were resistant to ampicillin and carbenicillin and sensitive to cephalothin. citrobacter diversus should be distinguished from citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae and klebsiella pneumoniae. this organism joins streptococcus pyogenes, bacteroids species, anaerobic stre ...	1975	1149508
effects of chemotherapeutics on bacterial ecology in the water of ponds and the intestinal tracts of cultured fish, ayu (plecoglossus altivelis).	drug-resistant gram-negative bacilli conferred with r factors were isolated with high frequencies from the intestinal tracts of ayu (plecoglossus altivelis) cultured in ponds, in which chemotherapeutics had often been used, and with relatively low frequencies from ayu which received no administration of chemotherapeutics. drug-resistant bacteria were also isolated at low frequencies from the intestinal tracts of wild ayu in rivers, as well as from the water of ayu-culturing ponds and some of the ...	1975	1160204
mediastinitis in a child caused by perforation of pharynx.	mediastinitis in infants and children secondary to trauma is rarely reported as evidenced by a literature search. a case of mediastinitis occurred following perforation of the pharynx by a pencil. in neonates, traumatic perforation may mimic esophageal atresia. in older children with a history of trauma to the mouth or pharynx by a sharp object, the possibility of secondary mediastinitis exists.	1975	1163510
characterization of hydrogen sulfide-producing bacteria isolated from meat and poultry plants.	a survey of the types of aerobic organisms able to produce h2s on peptone iron agar (levin, 1968), and commonly occurring in meat and poultry plants, revealed that these could be divided into four distinct groups. the ability of representative strains of each type to grow at low temperatures and cause off-odors on chicken muscle was examined. the results are discussed in relation to the role of these organisms in the psychrophilic spoilage of meat and meat products.	1975	1167774
first isolations of levinea-citrobacter cultures in czechoslovakia.	twenty-two strains corresponding by their biochemical properties to the genus levinea - citrobacter were isolated. six of the strains were referred to the species citrobacter diversus and 12 to c. freundii, whose properties are identical with those of l. malonatica and l. amalonatica, respectively. four strains differed from levinea organisms by some reactions, but were fully compatible with c. freundii (in the scheme of ewing and davis); two of them utilized malonate. the taxonomic position of ...	1975	1170700
evaluation of tyrosine medium for the identification of enterobacteriaceae.	use of the tyrosine medium in the identification of members of the family enterobacteriaceae form the basis of this paper. six hundred and twenty-three strains were tested for their property of tyrosine degradation. three hundred and seventy-two strains were positive in 24 h and an additional eight strains were positive in 48 to 72 h. these positive strains consisted of all 344 strains of the proteus-providencia group, all 25 strains of citrobacter diversus, and three strains of atypical c. freu ...	1975	1176617
four hour-test for the identification of enterobacteriaceae.	a set of 12 rapid biochemical tests--lysinedecarboxylase, ornithinedecarboxylase, beta-galactosidase, urease, hydrogensulphide, indole, acetoin, deoxyribonuclease, esculin, mannitol, raffinose and sorbitol--were selected from an original set of 13 tests and were found to give 98% accurate reactions within 4 hrs of incubation for the identification of bacteria belonging to enterobacteriaceae. this set permits identification on the genus and/or species level for escherichia, shigella, citrobacter, ...	1975	1196260
citrobacter diversus at grace hospital, detroit, michigan.	over a six-month period from december 1973 to june 1974, isolations of citrobacter diversus were obtained from nine patients at grace hospital. our initial experience was with a patient who developed pneumonitis and a massive fatal empyema due to this organism. seven of the nine patients were 50 years of age. three patients had an underlying malignancy. four patients experienced significant clinical infections. isolations in three patients were considered to be commensal, and two isolations were ...	1975	1211410
[nutrition and taxonomy of "enterobacteriaceae" and related bacteria. iii. nutritional characters and differentiation of the taxonomic groups (author's transl)].	a batch of 186 strains belonging to the families enterobacteriaceae or vibrionaceae has been studied by determination, for each strain, of the "versatility" towards 146 organic substrates tested as sole source of carbon and energy. this study allowed to work out a classification of these strains into the 32 classes which have been previously described. in the present paper the nutritional characters of these classes are reported. on the basis of these characters, the 32 classes may be regrouped ...	1975	1217784
[purulent meningitis in an infant, caused by citrobacter].		1975	1220165
[local shwartzman phenomenon in germ-free guinea pig].	eleven germfree and two monoassociated with the citrobacter guinea pigs, and 25 conventional animals were injected with the heat-inactivated citrobacter or e. coli for the induction of the local schwartzman phenomenon. all the gnotobiotic pigs gave a positive reaction. infiltration at the site of intracutaneous injection was found in all the conventionals, but in none of the gnotobiotics. the data are discussed from the aspect of primary and secondary sequelae of the absence of host microflora.	1975	1227656
[a new group of the family enterobacteriaceae--the levinea group].		1975	1229208
[sepsis due to citrobacter in the infant].		1975	1234355
[frequency of detecting bacteria of the genera citrobacter and hafnia in different contingents of examined adults].	a study of the incidence of bacteria of the citrobacter and hafnia genus in adults permitted to establish a greater occurrence of the mentioned microbes in the patients with various acute intestinal diseases in comparison with the healthy ones. bacteria of the citrobacter and hafnia genus were revealed in the patients with acute intestinal diseases of obscure etiology, which often were diagnosed as gastroenteritis, enteritis, etc. bacteria of the citrobacter and hafnia genus were revealed in the ...	1975	1236718
formation of indoleacetic acid by intestinal anaerobes.	indoleacetic acid was produced from tryptophan by only three of 23 intestinal anaerobes studied. evidence is presented to show that the formation of indoleacetic acid proceeds through the intermediate, indolepyruvic acid, via transamination with alpha-ketoglutarate rather than by tryptamine pathway.	1975	1236846
citrobacter koseri. ii. serological and biochemical examination of citrobacter koseri strains from clinical specimens.	165 strains of citrobacter koseri isolated from clinical specimens were studied and their biochemical reactions determined. they were examined serologically by means of a scheme consisting of 14 o antigens. the sources of the clinical specimens were tabulated and the epidemiological information was summarized. the clinical significance of these findings is discussed.	1975	1056967
a genetic study of tolerance and resistance to colicin a in citrobacter freundii.	colicin a-insensitive mutants of citrobacter freundii were isolated and grouped into six phenotypic classes characterized by sensitivity, insensitivity or partial insensitivity to the bacteriocins s6, df 13 and colicin a, and sensitivity or insensitivity to deoxycholate (doc) and ampicillin. mapping by the gradient-of-transmission method revealed the chromosomal regions in which the responsible genes are situated. res-3 mapped near pur between pur and thr; tol-5 mapped between aro and ilv and to ...	1975	1082297
[new groups of the family enterobacteriaceae].		1975	1092100
acute undifferentiated neonatal diarrhea in beef calves. i. occurence and distribution of infectious agents.	beef calves in a 48-cow herd were studied during one calving season from birth to ten days of age to determine the presence or absence of potentially enteropathogenic bacteria, viruses, and/or chlamydia in both normal and diarrheic calves. calves were born and raised outside in large pens unless the ambient temperature was below minus 10 degrees f when calving was done inside. fecal swabs, fecal aliquots, and nasal swabs were taken from each calf at 32, 128 plus or minus 3, and 248 plus or minus ...	1975	1092438
regional differences in patterns of urinary tract infections.	the identity of 693 pathogenic bacilli isolated from 2,175 urine specimens cultured during a two-year period in southeastern new mexico is presented along with results of sensitivity testing by kirby-bauer technique. the pattern of infections and sensitivity studies in hospitalized patients is compared with that of office patients and contrasted with results noted in other areas.	1975	1096400
citrobacter koseri. i. an extended antigenic scheme for citrobacter koser (syn. c. diversus, levinea malonatica).	the names citrobacter koseri, levinea malonatica and citrobacter diversus are synonymous. as a result of the study of representative strains of these organisms an antigenic scheme comprising seven o antigens has been proposed. the examination of a further 165 strains from clinical sources suggests that an additional seven antigens should be included in the scheme. the serological and biochemical reactions of the test strains for all 14 o antigens are described.	1975	1097496
[antigenic relationships between "levinea amalonatica" and "shigella dysenteriae" and "boydii" (author's transl)].	twenty-eight strains among thirty-five levinea amalonatica show o antigenic relationships with shigella as follows: with s. dysenteriae 3 (5 strains), s. dysenteriae 4 (1 strain), s. dysenteriae 5 (3 strains), s. dysenteriae 7 (11 strains), s. boydii 6 (7 strains), and with both s. boydii 15 and s. dysenteriae 8 (1 strain). these strains do not induce purulent keratogenous conjunctivitis in guinea pigs as shigella do.	1975	1098541
membrane filter procedure for enumerating the component genera of the coliform group in seawater.	a facile, quantitative, membrane filter procedure (mc) for defining the distribution of coliform populations in seawater according to the component genera was developed. the procedure, which utilizes a series of in situ substrate tests to obviate the picking of colonies for identification, also provides an estimate of the total coliform density. when pure cultures of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and enterobacter cloacae were suspended in seawater and held at 4 c for 24 h, between 56 ...	1975	1098575
sulfonamide resistance mechanism in escherichia coli: r plasmids can determine sulfonamide-resistant dihydropteroate synthases.	several natural isolate e. coli strains highly resistant to sulfonamides and antibiotics are shown to contain a sulfonamide-resistant dihydropteroate synthase (2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropteridine-diphosphate:4-aminobenzoate 2-amino-4-hydroxydihydropteridine-6-methenyltransferase, ec 2.5.1.15) in addition to the normal sensitive enzyme. the resistant dihydropteroate synthases examined are determined by an r plasmid and are smaller and less heat stable than the normal sulfonamid ...	1975	1101260
microbial conversion of anthracycline antibiotics.		1975	1102512
[in vitro examination on antibacterial activities of broad-spectrum antibiotics against gram-negative clinical isolates (author's transl)].	in vitro studies were undertaken on clinically isolated strains of various bacteria to examine the antibacterial activity of ampicillin (ab-pc), carbenicillin (cb-pc), sulbenicillin (sb-pc) cephalothin (cet), cefazolin (cez) and gentamicin (gm). fifty three % of escherichia coli strains 53.3% of citrobacter sp., 80% of proteus mirabilis, 42.9% of morganella and 80% of bacteroides sp. were susceptible (mic being not higher than 12.5 mug/ml) to ab-pc. the eight other species were not so susceptibl ...	1975	1104913
heterogeneity of lipopolysaccharides. analysis of polysaccharide chain lengths by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.	lipopolysaccharide preparations from r(rough) escherichia coli o8-,sr(semirough) salmonella typhimurium and s (smooth) strains e. coli o8 and citrobacter 396 were disintegrated with sodium dodecylsulfate and subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of 1% sodium dodecylsulfate. the results obtained were compared with those obtained from the same lipopolysaccharide preparations by degradation analysis. in dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis the lipopolysaccharide preparation ...	1975	1107034
ineffectiveness of vi and chemically treated endotoxins as typhoid vaccines in mice challenged with a salmonella typhosa-salmonella typhimurium hybrid.	purified vi antigen, acetic anthydride-treated salmonella typhosa endotoxin, and potassium methylate-treated s. typhosa endotoxin employed as vaccines in swiss white mice failed to protect these animals against challenge with a virulent s. typhimurium hybrid expressing s. typhosa antigens.	1975	1107227
ascending cholangitis diagnosed by percutaneous hepatic aspiration.		1976	1107502
serotyping of strains belonging to the citrobacter-levinea group isolated from diagnostic material.	a proposal is presented for the serotyping of citrobacter-levinea strains: 9 serotypes for citrobacter diversus (levinea malonatica) and 13 serotypes for h2s-negative, indole-positive variants of citrobacter freundii (levinea amalonatica), which showed a considerable antigenic diversity. by means of both kinds of antiserum types 80 per cent of the strains (l. malonatica 100 per cent, l. amalonatica 72 per cent) from a series of 106 strains isolated from different diagnostic material were serolo ...	1976	936828
laboratory studies with a new broad-spectrum penicillin, pirbenicillin.	pirbenicillin {6-[d-2-phenyl-2(n-4-pyridylformimidoylaminoacetamido) -acetamido]-penicillanic acid} showed broad-spectrum antibacterial activity in vitro and also in the treatment of experimental infections after parenteral administration to mice. against pseudomonas aeruginosa, a three- to fourfold potency advantage over carbenicillin was seen both in vitro and in vivo. the in vitro antibacterial spectrum of pirbenicillin includes escherichia coli, serratia, citrobacter, and enterobacter isolat ...	1976	938027
physiological characteristics of chemostatically grown citrobacter freundii as a function of the specific growth rate and type of nutrient limitation.	citrobacter freundii was grown aerobically in a chemostat on a mineral medium with galactose or glucose as carbon and energy sources under limitation by carbon or nitrogen source respectively. at various specific growth rates ranging from 7 to 95% mumax the culture in steady state was analysed and growth yield, specific metabolic rate of substrate utilization, intracellular concentration of pyruvate, atp, adp, amp and energy charge were determined and plotted as functions of dilution rate. in al ...	1976	947835
mecillinam, a novel penicillanic acid derivative with unusual activity against gram-negative bacteria.	the in vitro activity of mecillinam, a 6 beta-amidinopenicillanic acid derivative, was investigated. mecillinam is not active against most gram-positive coccal or bacilliary forms. many members of the enterobacteriaceae are inhibited, with 86% of escherichia coli, 71% of klebsiella, 62% of enterobacter, 75% of salmonella, 69% of shigella, and 70% of citrobacter inhibited by 6.3 mug/ml. indole-positive proteus and serratia were generally resistant as are pseudomonas strains. although mecillinam i ...	1976	949176
cellular localization of uridine 5'-diphosphate-n-acetyl-d-glucosamine oxidoreductase activity in citrobacter freundii.	the uridine 5'-diphosphate-n-acetyl-d-glucosamine oxidoreductase activity of citrobacter freundii atcc 10053 was found to be located in the soluble cytoplasmic fraction of lysed spheroplasts.	1976	956115
nitrogen fixation by bacteria from the hindgut of termites.	anaerobically grown bacteria isolated from the hindgut contents of the termites coptotermes lacteus (froggatt), mastotermes darwiniensis froggatt and nasutitermes exitiosus (hill) were nitrogenase-positive as assayed by acetylene reduction. nitrogen fixation, confirmed with 15n2, was highest in the isolate from m. darwiniensis. all isolates were identified as citrobacter freundii (braak) werkman & gillen.	1976	956782