Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted ascending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
transfer from rhizobium japonicum to azotobacter vinelandii of genes required for nodulation.a mutant strain of azotobacter vinelandii that is unable to fix n2 (nif-) was transformed to nif+ with dna from rhizobium japonicum. of 50 nif+ transformants tested, 3 contained the o antigen-related polysaccharide that is present on the cell surface of a nodulating r. japonicum strain, but is absent from a non-nodulating mutant strain.1978659367
interaction between rhizobium japonicum phage m-1 and its receptor.the receptor for phage m-1 was present in the exopolysaccharide (eps) of rhizobium japonicum d211. the eps was a heteropolysaccharide consisting of glucose, galactose, glucuronic acid, and glucosamine units. these monosaccharides prevented phage-cell attachment indicating that they may mimick the receptor. phage-cell attachment was either stimulated or inhibited by mg2+ and ca2+ depending upon their concentration. an enzyme which depolymerized the exopolysaccharide releasing oligosaccharides was ...1978667736
stimulation of tetrapyrrole formation in rhizobium japonicum by restricted aeration.cultures of rhizobium japonicum were grown with vigorous aeration to stationary phase and were then incubated under restricted aeration for several days. under these "microaerobic" conditions, cellular heme content increased 10-fold, and visible amounts of porphyrins were released into the culture medium. the two predominant porphyrins produced were identified, on the basis of their spectrophotometric and chromatographic properties, as protoporphyrin and coproporphyrin. the cytochrome complement ...1978690074
involvement of rhizobium japonicum o antigen in soybean nodulation.non-nodulating mutant strains of rhizobium japonicum lacked a surface antigen that was present on the wild type. this surface antigen is associated with the o antigen portion of the lipopolysaccharide. paper chromatography of hydrolyzed lipopolysaccharide and o antigen revealed three major component differences between the non-nodulating strains and the wild type.1978565351
ultrastructure of rhizobium japonicum in relation to its attachment to root hairs.in rhizobium japonicum strain nitragin 61a76, morphologically distinct types of bacteria were found to occur in yeast extract-mannitol broth cultures, at both mid-log and stationary phases. of these only the capsular form, characterized by a smooth cell envelope, storage granules (glycogen and poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid), and an amorphous extracellular capsule, bound soybean lectin. the binding site was localized in the capsular material. less than 1% of the bacterial population differentiate ...1978565352
hydrogen evolution and uptake by nodules of soybeans inoculated with different strains of rhizobium japonicum.hydrogen evolved by nitrogenase may be recycled by a hydrogenase present in some legume nodules. anoka and portage cultivars of soybeans were inoculated with each of 8 and 24 strains, respectively, of rhizobium japonicum and surveyed for h2 evolution and c2h2 reduction rates nodule weight, and plant dry weight. six of the strains (3ilb 110, usda 122, usda 136, 3ilb 6, 3ilb 142, and 3ilb 143) which exhibited no h2 evolution in air were shown to take up h2. the relative efficiencies of nitrogenase ...1978565672
role of lectins in plant--microorganism interactions. iv. ultrastructural localization of soybean lectin binding sites of rhizobium japonicum.the binding of purified, ferritin-labeled soybean seed lectin to the cell surfaces of rhizobium japonicum 31 lb 138 has been examined by whole mount, thin section, and freeze-etch electron microscopy. the ferritin-labeled lectin binds in a biochemically specific manner to the capsular material of this bacterium. the lectin does not bind to the outer membranes of the cells or to flagella. labeled lectin binds to sites throughout the capsular structure, although the density of labeling is somewha ...1978567091
[determination of the nitrogen-fixing activity of rhizobium japonicum under sterile microvegetative conditions].the nitrogen fixing activity of rhizobium japonicum in symbiosis with soya grown in the sterile microvegetative conditions at an air humidity of 70%, at a temperature of 20 degrees c and a length of light day of 16 hours was assayed using the acetylene technique. the plants were cultivated in phytotron in glass tubes (245 cm3) illuminated with xenon lamps. this technique can be used, apparently, to determine the nitrogen fixing activity of other legumes and cereals.1978568711
efficiency of rhizobium japonicum strains as affecting nitrate reductase and dehydrogenase activities of the soybean nodules. 1978569408
genetically marked rhizobium identifiable as inoculum strain in nodules of soybean plants grown in fields populated with rhizobium japonicum.the fate of an inoculum strain of rhizobium japonicum was studied using a genetically marked strain i-11o subline carrying resistance markers for azide, rifampin, and streptomycin (i-110 ars). at the time of planting into a field populated with r. japonicum, seeds of soybean cultivars kent and peking were inoculated with varying cell densities of strain i-110 ars. at various times during the growing season, surface-sterilized root nodules were examined for the presence of the inoculum strain by ...1978570015
bacteriocin-like substances produced by rhizobium japonicum and other slow-growing rhizobia.bacteriocin-like substances were commonly produced by slow-growing rhizobium japonicum and cowpea rhizobia on an l-arabinose medium. antagonism between strains of r. japonicum was not detected in vitro; however, such strains were often sensitive to some bacteriocins produced by cowpea rhizobia. inhibitory zones (2 to 8 mm from colony margins), produced by 58 of 66 r. japonicum test strains, were reproducibly detected with corynebacterium nebraskense as an indicator. quantitative production was n ...1978570016
properties of the hydrogenase system in rhizobium japonicum bacteroids. 1978564190
differentiation of rhizobium japonicum, i. enzymatic comparison of nitrogenase repressed and derepressed free living cells and of bacteroids.derepressed free living cells of rhizobium japonicum strain 61-a-101 with leucine as single nitrogen source develop a maximum nitrogenase activity of 180 nmol c2h4.mg protein -1.h-1 in liquid culture under 2% 2% o2 in the gas phase. only 10% of this activity is found with no oxygen in the gas phase during a 90 min incubation period. the maximum activity under 2% oxygen in the gas phase is unaffected by addition of 1-100 mm nh+4 and by addition of low concentrations of glutamine (0.36-1.44 mm). s ...1978149461
differentiation of rhizobium japonicum, iii. inhibition of nitrogenase derepression by chloramphenicol and rifampicin concentrations, not inhibiting growth.development of nitrogenase (40--140 nmol c2h4.mg protein-1.h-1) in rhizobium japonicum 61-a-101 after transfer to special culture conditions (medium 20 p, 2% o2, 10% co2, 88% n2 in the gas phase) is inhibited by chloramphenicol (6 x 10(-4)--10(-3) m) and by rifampicin (10(-5) m). these concentrations do not inhibit the slow growth of the cells under these conditions with a doubling time of the cell protein and living cell number of 3--5 d. nitrogenase activity of previously derepressed cells is ...1978154223
the role of ammonia, l-glutamate, and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in the regulation of ammonia assimilation in rhizobium japonicum.the effects of three factors (ammonia, l-glutamate, and cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate) on the ammonia assimilatory processes in aerobically grown rhizobium japonicum colony derivatives were examined. ammonia repressed glutamine synthetase activity and increased the average state of adenylylation of this enzyme. the addition of l-glutamate drastically decreased growth and strongly repressed glutamate synthase levels. glutamine synthetase repression and adenylylation state were also increas ...197823179
persistence of rhizobium japonicum on the soybean seed coat under controlled temperature and humidity.when rhizobium japonicum strain 61a68 was added to surface-sterilized soybean (glycine max) seed along with 12 different coating materials, a definite effect of temperature upon survival was observed both with and without coating materials. at a storage temperature of 15 degrees c and 50 +/- 5% relative humidity, from 0.9 to 14.1% of the original inoculum survived for 3 weeks. at 22.5 degrees c, from 0.5 to 7.2% of the original inoculum survived. at 30 degrees c, from 0.1 to 1.6% of the original ...197816345264
hydrogen reactions of nodulated leguminous plants: ii. effects on dry matter accumulation and nitrogen fixation.the interaction between the atp-dependent evolution of h(2) catalyzed by nitrogenase and the oxidation of h(2) via a hydrogenase has been postulated to influence the efficiency of the n(2)-fixing process in nodulated legumes. a comparative study using soybean (glycine max l. merr.) cv. anoka inoculated with either rhizobium japonicum strain usda 31 or usda 110 and cowpea (vigna unguiculata l. walp.) cv. whippoorwill inoculated with rhizobium strain 176a27 or 176a28 cultured on a n-free medium wa ...197816660301
hydrogen (h(2)) evolution by rhizobia after synergetic culture with soybean cell suspensions.rhizobium japonicum cells were grown in liquid suspension cultures and separated from soybean plant cells by two to three bacterial membrane filters. under these conditions, the plant cells elaborated materials into the medium which aided in the expression of a major rhizobial phenotype, namely, nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction). the evolution of h(2) was also measured and this activity relative to acetylene reduction, was influenced by: (a) o(2); (b) the quantity of conditioned plant m ...197816660378
organic acid metabolism by isolated rhizobium japonicum bacteroids.rhizobium japonicum bacteroids isolated from soybean (glycine max l.) nodules oxidized (14)c-labeled succinate, pyruvate, and acetate in a manner consistent with operation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and a partial glyoxylate cycle. substrate carbon was incorporated into all major cellular components (cell wall + membrane, nucleic acids, and protein).197816660386
role of lectins in plant-microorganism interactions: iii. influence of rhizosphere/rhizoplane culture conditions on the soybean lectin-binding properties of rhizobia.the influence of rhizosphere/rhizoplane culture conditions on the ability of various rhizobia to bind soybean seed lectin (sbl) was examined. eleven strains of the soybean symbiont, rhizobium japonicum, and six strains of various heterologous rhizobium species were cultured in root exudate of soybean (glycine max [l.] merr.) and in association with roots of soybean seedlings which were growing either hydroponically or in montmorillonite clay soil amendment (turface). all 11 of the r. japonicum s ...197816660472
determination of hydrogenase in free-living cultures of rhizobium japonicum and energy efficiency of soybean nodules.a sensitive tritium exchange assay was applied to the rhizobium system for measuring the expression of uptake hydrogenase in free-living cultures of rhizobium japonicum. hydrogenase was detected about 45 hours after inoculation of cultures maintained under microaerophilic conditions (about 0.1% o(2)). the tritium exchange assay was used to screen a variety of different strains of r. japonicum (including major production strains) with the findings that about 30% of the strains expressed hydrogena ...197816660568
expression of hydrogenase activity in free-living rhizobium japonicum.a medium is described on which selected rhizobium japonicum strains express hydrogenase (h(2) uptake) activity under free-living conditions. low concentrations of carbon substrates, decreased oxygen tension, and the quantity of combined nitrogen in the medium were major factors influencing hydrogenase expression. hydrogenase activity was dependent upon a preincubation period in the presence of h(2) under conditions such that the cells did not exhibit nitrogenase activity. h(2) uptake rates were ...197816592544
mutant strains of rhizobium japonicum with increased ability to fix nitrogen for soybean.a strain of rhizobium japonicum used in commercial inoculants was mutagenized and screened by a rapid effectiveness assay with soybean plants. two mutant strains nodulated the roots earlier than the wild type and also expressed greater symbiotic nitrogen-fixing activity than the wild type in the presence and absence of fixed nitrogen. in addition, one of the mutants formed more root nodules than the wild type. plants inoculated with these strains had increased dry weights ( approximately 60 perc ...197817729899
soybean lines lacking the 120,000-dalton seed lectin.seeds of 102 lines of glycine max (l.) merr., the soybean, were screened quantitatively for the presence of the 120,000-dalton soybean lectin. wide variation in the content of this lectin was noted, and five lines of soybean whose seed totally lacked the lectin were identified. roots of all five lines were effectively nodulated by several strains of rhizobium japonicum, thus indicating that the 120,000-dalton soybean seed lectin is probably not required for the initiation of soybean-rhizobium sy ...197817738723
differentiation of nodules of glycine max : ultrastructural studies of plant cells and bacteroids.plants of glycine max var. caloria, infected as 14 d old seedlings with a defined titre of rhizobium japonicum 3il b85 in a 10 min inoculation test, develop a sharp maximum of nitrogenase activity between 17 and 25 d after infection. this maximum (14±3 nmol c2h4 h(-1) mg nodule fresh weight(-1)), expressed as per mg nodule or per plant is followed by a 15 d period of reduced nitrogen fixation (20-30% of peak activity). 11 d after infection the first bacteroids develop as single cells inside infe ...197824414773
viability of rhizobium bacteroids isolated from soybean nodule protoplasts.bacteriods isolated from protoplasts taken from rhizobium japonicum induced root nodule of glycine max l. showed complete viability when plated onto a conventional rhizobial growth medium supplemented with 0.2 m mannitol. the same medium but without extra mannitol resulted in the absence of colony formation. the protoplast isolation method eliminated the possibility of contaminant bacteria from infection threads to be scored. the redifferentiated bacteroid clones have the same genetical characte ...197824408197
a nodule-specific plant protein (nodulin-35) from soybean.nodulin-35, a 35,000-molecular-weight protein, is present in soybean root nodules developed by different strains of rhizobium japonicum, irrespective of their effectiveness in fixing atmospheric nitrogen. this protein is not detected in uninfected plants and bacteroids or in free-living rhizobium and appears to be synthesized by the plant during the formation of root nodules.197917750321
hydrogenase in rhizobium japonicum increases nitrogen fixation by nodulated soybeans.some rhizobium strains synthesize a unidirectional hydrogenase system in legume nodule bacteroids; this system participates in the recycling of hydrogen that otherwise would be lost as a by-product of the nitrogen fixation process. soybeans inoculated with rhizobium japonicum strains that synthesized the hydrogenase system fixed significantly more nitrogen and produced greater yields than plants inoculated with strains lacking hydrogen-uptake capacity. rhizobium strains used as inocula for legum ...197917841140
in vitro binding of agrobacterium tumefaciens to plant cells from suspension culture.in vitro binding experiments were carried out using (32)p-labeled cells of the virulent agrobacterium tumefaciens strain b6 and datura innoxia cells from suspension culture. binding kinetics showed that adherence of bacteria to datura cells increased gradually during the first 60 minutes and attained a maximum level within 120 minutes of incubation. maximum binding occurred at ph 6.0. the presence of ca(2+) and mg(2+) reduced binding slightly and edta had little effect at concentrations of 0.1 t ...197916660732
inhibition of soybean cell growth by the adsorption of rhizobium japonicum.soybean cells in suspension culture were inhibited in their growth by mixed culture with rhizobium japonicum 5033. rhizobium cells had the ability to adsorb on the surface of soybean cells. cell envelope prepared from rhizobium by sonic oscillation inhibited the growth of soybean cells. the growth-inhibiting activity of the cell envelope was depressed by beta-glucosidase, kio(4), urea, sodium cholate, and triton x-100, but was stable on heating at 120 c for 15 minutes. adsorption of the cell env ...197916660916
hydrogen evolution from alfalfa and clover nodules and hydrogen uptake by free-living rhizobium meliloti.a series of rhizobium meliloti and rhizobium trifolii strains were used as inocula for alfalfa and clover, respectively, grown under bacteriologically controlled conditions. replicate samples of nodules formed by each strain were assayed for rates of h(2) evolution in air, rates of h(2) evolution under ar and o(2), and rates of c(2)h(2) reduction. nodules formed by all strains of r. meliloti and r. trifolii on their respective hosts lost at least 17% of the electron flow through nitrogenase as e ...197916345361
polyacrylamide-entrapped rhizobium as an inoculant for legumes.pot experiments showed that rhizobium japonicum cells entrapped in a polyacrylamide gel could be used as an inoculant for soybeans and compared favorably to laboratory-made peat base inoculant containing the same bacterial strain.197916345370
population densities of rhizobium japonicum strain 123 estimated directly in soil and rhizospheres.rhizobium japonicum serotype 123 was enumerated in soil and rhizospheres by fluorescent antibody techniques. counting efficiency was estimated to be about 30%. indigenous populations of strain 123 ranged from a few hundred to a few thousand per gram of field soil before planting. rhizosphere effects from field-grown soybean plants were modest, reaching a maximum of about 2 x 10 cells of strain 123 per g of inner rhizosphere soil in young (16-day-old) plants. comparably slight rhizosphere stimula ...197916345383
modified fluorescent technique, using rhodamine, for studies of rhizobium japonicum-soybean symbiosis.rhodamine-conjugated capsular polysaccharides isolated from rhizobium japonicum 61a76ns were used to examine binding between the labeled polysaccharides and soybean roots. fluorescein-labeled polysaccharides were not satisfactory because soybean root hairs autofluoresce in the fluorescein region.197916345405
binding characteristics of n(2)-fixing bacteria to cereal roots.the attachment of rhizobium japonicum 61a89 and rhizobium spp. 32h1 to the roots of wheat and rice seedlings is analyzed in terms of an equilibrium model. a langmuir adsorption isotherm describes the binding. strain 61a89 binds to a greater extent than does strain 32h1, and the equilibrium constants for each strain binding to wheat are strongly temperature dependent. both time-dependent dissociation and association, predicted by an equilibrium model, have been found. the dissociation rate consta ...197916345433
effect of cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate on nitrogen fixation in rhizobium japonicum.the addition of exogenous cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cgmp) at a concentration of 0.1 mm to a free-living culture of rhizobium japonicum 3i1b110 was found to completely inhibit the expression of nitrogenase activity and markedly inhibit the expression of hydrogenase and nitrate reductase activities. the effect was specific for cgmp. experiments on the in vivo incorporation of radioactive methionine and subsequent analysis of the labeled proteins on polyacrylamide gels showed that the b ...197937237
purification and properties of the particulate hydrogenase from the bacteroids of soybean root nodules.the uptake hydrogenase (hydrogen:ferricytochrome c3 oxidoreductase, ec 1.12.2.1) from the bacteroids of soybean root nodules infected with rhizobium japonicum 110 has been purified and characterized. bacteroids were prepared, then broken by sonication. the particulate enzyme was solubilized by treatment with triton x-100 and further purified by polyethylene glycol fractionation, deae-cellulose and sephadex g-100 chromatography. the specific activity has been increased 196-fold to 19.6 units/mg p ...197940601
transfer of r factors to and between genetically marked sublines of rhizobium japonicum.plasmids r1822 and prd1 of the p-1 incompatibility group, for which rhizobium japonicum had not previously been shown to serve as host, were introduced into a strain of r. japonicum. acquisition of r68 and r68.45 plasmids by this rhizobium was equivocal. transfer of r1822 from pseudomonas aeruginosa and of prd1 from escherichia coli to r. japonicum was unambiguous, because the exconjugants subsequently cotransferred the three r-factor resistance determinants (kanamycin, tetracycline, and penicil ...1979114109
nitrate reductase activities of rhizobia and the correlation between nitrate reduction and nitrogen fixation.all species of rhizobium except r. lupini had nitrate reductase activity. only r. lupini was incapable of growth with nitrate as the sole source of nitrogen. however, the conditions necessary for the induction of nitrate reductase varied among species of rhizobium. rhizobium japonicum and some rhizobium species of the cowpea strains expressed nitrate reductase activities both in the root nodules of appropriate leguminous hosts and when grown in the presence of nitrate. rhizobium trifolii, r. pha ...1979119573
regulation of hydrogenase in rhizobium japonicum.factors that regulate the expression of an h2 uptake system in free-living cultures of rhizobium japonicum have been investigated. rapid rates of h2 uptake by r. japonicum were obtained by incubation of cell suspensions in a mg-phosphate buffer under a gas phase of 86.7% n2, 8.3% h2, 4.2% co2, and 0.8% o2. cultures incubated under conditions comparable with those above, with the exception that ar replaced h2, showed no hydrogenase activity. when h2 was removed after initiation of hydrogenase der ...1979422513
[lysogeny of rhizobium japonicum and the sensitivity of these cultures to phages isolated from soil].twenty cultures of rhizobium japonicum of various origin were tested for lysogeny using a cross technique with a preliminary uv induction and without it as well as by electron microscopy. none of the cultures was found in the lysogenic state. phages active against rh. japonicum were detected in four soil samples on which soybean plants were grown; 27 phages were isolated by the enrichment method and 3 phages without enrichment. the phages were capable of lysis of only rh. japonicum cultures and ...1979440166
multiple antibiotic resistance in rhizobium japonicum.a total of 48 strains of the soil bacterium rhizobium japonicum were screened for their response to several widely used antibiotics. over 60% of the strains were resistant to chloramphenicol, polymyxin b, and erythromycin, and 47% or more of the strains were resistant to neomycin and penicillin g, when tested by disk assay procedures. the most common grouping of resistances in strains was simultaneous resistance to tetracycline, penicillin g, neomycin, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin (25% of a ...1979485137
the biosynthesis of nitrogenase mofe protein polypeptides in free-living cultures of rhizobium japonicum.the biosynthesis of the constituent polypeptides of nitrogenase component i (rj 1) in free-living cultures of rhizobium japonicum (strain 110) was investigated under different growth conditions. cells were pulse-labelled and the proteins analysed by one and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. the positions of the constituent rj 1 polypeptides were identified by co-electrophoresis with purified rj 1 isolated from bacteroids of soybean nodules, and by comparison with an immunoprecipitate from a c ...1979518887
salt tolerance of rhizobium species in broth cultures.salt tolerance of five rhizobia strains was examined in broth cultures. five levels of nacl concentration were used and the optical density was taken as a measure for the vigour of bacterial growth. rhizobium leguminosarum and r. meliloti were tolerant to high levels of salinity and growth curves in saline broth showed a similar pattern to the control level. rhizobium japonicum, cowpea rhizobium, and r. trifolii were intolerant to salt and showed a strong growth retardation with increasing salt ...1979547498
regulation of hydrogen utilisation in rhizobium japonicum by cyclic amp.utilisation (uptake) of hydrogen gas by whole cells of rhizobium japonicum was found to be influenced by the carbon source(s) present in the growth medium, with activity being highest in a medium containing sugars. tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, such as malate, significantly reduced h2 utilisation. no reduction in the hydrogenase activity is observed when the enzyme is assayed directly by the tritium exchange method, indicating that the decrease in hydrogen uptake activity is not due to ...1979222344
iron-sulfur clusters in the molybdenum-iron protein component of nitrogenase. electron paramagnetic resonance of the carbon monoxide inhibited state.carbon monoxide inhibits reduction of dinitrogen (n2) by purified nitrogenase from azotobacter vinelandii and clostridium pasteurianum in a noncompetitive manner (kii and kis = 1.4 x 10(-4) and 4.5 x 10(-4) and 7 x 10(-4) atm and 14 x 10(-4) atm for the two enzymes, respectively). the onset of inhibition is within the turnover time of the enzyme, and co does not affect the electron flux to the h2-evolving site. the kinetics of co inhibition of n2 reduction are simple, but co inhibition of acetyl ...1979228701
influence of soybean inoculation and nitrogen levels on populations and serogroups of rhizobium japonicum in ontario. 1979573169
[preparation of a nitrogen-fixing association between rhizobium japonicum and soybean root callus]. 1979574185
studies on nodulation of soyabeans in egypt. ii. effect of seed-diffusates on rhizobium japonicum.the growth inhibition zones of r. japonicum (e 45) by either surface-sterilized seeds or autoclaved seeds (as well as dicotyledones, cotyledone, or seed coat) of harosoy soyabean cultivar indicate the presence of antibacterial substances. several physical and chemical seed treatments were done in a trial to eliminate or decrease the observed inhibitive effects of the seed-diffusates in order to obtain successful nodulation. the antibacterial substances are thermostable (121 degrees c), water-sol ...1979575837
studies on nodulation of soyabean in egypt. i. selection of an efficient strain of rhizobium japonicum.both pot (sterilized sand cultures) and field experiments were run, using 23 different strains of rhizobium japonicum and the commercial soyabean inoculum "okadin". the failure of the control (non-inoculated plants) to form nodules may be due to the abscence of adequate densities of effective soyabean-rhizobia strains and their low persistence under egyptian soil conditions. therefore, inoculation with an efficient strain of r. japonicum seemed to be necessary. however, the strains used varied i ...1979583638
hydrogen-dependent nitrogenase activity and atp formation in rhizobium japonicum bacteroids.rhizobium japonicum 122 des bacteroids from soybean nodules possess an active h(2)-oxidizing system that recycles all of the h(2) lost through nitrogenase-dependent h(2) evolution. the addition of 72 mum h(2) to suspensions of bacteroids increased o(2) uptake 300% and the rate of c(2)h(2) reduction 300 to 500%. the optimal partial pressure of o(2) was increased, and the partial pressure of o(2) range for c(2)h(2) reduction was extended by adding h(2). a supply of succinate to bacteroids resulted ...1979762010
[production of soy bean inoculants. behavior of supports based on peat from tierra del fuego sterilized by vapor and ethylene oxide].the survival of rhizobium japonicum was studied in neutralized and sterilized peats from ushuaia and rio grande. the carriers were sterilized by ethylene oxide and by autoclaving. similar counts for rhizobium (5 x 10(8) cel/g) were obtained in peat-cultures sterilized by both methods, after eight months. a good nodulation and nitrogen fixation capacity was observed with inoculated soybean plants. using the strain rhizobium japonicum e-45, no appreciable difference in symbiotic effectiveness was ...1979263653
autotrophic growth of h2-uptake-positive strains of rhizobium japonicum in an atmosphere supplied with hydrogen gas.previous research from this laboratory has demonstrated co(2)-fixing and h(2)-uptake capacities of certain strains of rhizobium japonicum. in this report we have shown that sr, a h(2)-uptake-positive (hup(+)) strain of r. japonicum, is capable of autotrophic growth with h(2) as the energy source. growth occurred on mineral salts/vitamins/noble agar, mineral salts/vitamins liquid medium (0.27 mug of c as vitamins per ml), and in mineral salts liquid medium with no added vitamins when cultures wer ...1979287019
purification and characterization of a ferredoxin from rhizobium japonicum bacteroids.an eight-iron, eight-sulfur ferredoxin from rhizobium japonicum bacteroids of soybean root nodules has been purified to apparent homogeneity as judged by disc gel electrophoresis. the purification procedure included chromatography on deae-cellulose, bio-gel p-60, and hydroxylapatite. specific activities of several purified preparations of bacteroid ferredoxin ranged from 1700 to 1900 nmol of c2h4 produced . min-1 . mg-1 in the reaction mediating electron transfer between illuminated chloroplasts ...19806246115
chemoautotrophic growth of hydrogen-uptake-positive strains of rhizobium japonicum.recently reported research from this laboratory has demonstrated the autotrophic growth of certain hydrogen-uptake-positive strains of rhizobium japonicum and defined minimal conditions for such growth. ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase has been detected in autotrophically growing cells, but at low specific activity. moreover, growth rates were low, and growth ceased at low cell densities. we report here improved autotrophic growth rates of r. japonicum sr through the use of a modified miner ...19806767687
comparative properties of glutamine synthetases i and ii in rhizobium and agrobacterium spp.some properties of glutamine synthetase i (gsi) and gsii are described for a fast-growing rhizobium sp. (rhizobium trifolii t1), a slow-growing rhizobium sp. (rhizobium japonicum usda 83), and agrobacterium tumefaciens c58. gsii of the fast-growing rhizobium sp. and gsii of the agrobacterium sp. were considerably more heat labile than gsii of the slow-growing rhizobium sp. as previously shown in r. japonicum 61a76, gsi became adenylylated rapidly in all species tested in response to ammonium. gs ...19806107288
screening for mutants of rhizobium japonicum with defects in nitrogen fixing ability.mutants of rhizobium japonicum with reduced ex planta nitrogenase activity could be isolated with high frequency by direct screening of ultra-violet mutagenized bacteria growing as spots on the surface of an appropriate agar medium permitting derepression of nitrogenase synthesis. small glass chambers fitted with a serum cap were pushed into the agar around each spot of growth, forming a small enclosed gas space which was made to 10% acetylene, permitting assessment of nitrogenase activity by th ...19806934662
identification of "nodule-specific" host proteins (nodoulins) involved in the development of rhizobium-legume symbiosis.infection of legume roots with rhizobium species results in the development of a root nodule structure in which the bacteria form an intracellular symbiosis with the plant. we report here that the infection of soybean (glycine max l.) roots with rhizobium japonicum results in the synthesis by the plant of at least 18-20 polypeptides other than leghemoglobin during the development of root nodules. identification of these "nodule-specific" host polypeptides (referred to as nodulins) was accomplish ...19807388942
fractionation and characterization of two morphologically distinct types of cells in rhizobium japonicum broth culture.differential centrifugation of stationary phase broth culture of rhizobium japonicum yielded two distinct morphological types of bacterial cells, rods, and small coccoid forms with capsulated and non-capsulated cells in each group. the rods usually had polar capsules which resulted in "star" formation. the coccoid bacteria were either free with thick capsular material surrounding the cells or held together in a common capsular sheath forming clusters and chains. 125i soybean. lectin bound to the ...19807407699
effect of fungicides on growth of rhizobium japonicum in vitro. 19807426785
lectins and the soybean-rhizobium symbiosis. i. immunological investigations of soybean lines, the seeds of which have been reported to lack the 120 000 dalton soybean lectin.seeds of six soybean lines (glycine max (l.) merr. cv. columbia, d68-127, norredo, sooty, t-102, wilson 5) have been reported to lack the 120 000 dalton soybean lectin. immunodiffusion and radioimmunoassay using anti-soybean lectin immunoglobulin failed to detect the lectin in seeds of five lines, but d68-127 seeds contained as much soybean lectin as the control line, harosoy 63. the d68-127 seed lectin could be purified by affinity chromatography on sepharose-n-caproylgalactosamine, and was ind ...19807190028
differentiation of rhizobium japonicum strain derivatives by antibiotic sensitivity patterns, lectin binding, and utilization of biochemicals.several strains of rhizobium japonicum have been reported to consist of mixtures of stable derivativess having distinct colony morphologies and physiological characteristics. we isolated derivatives from strains of r. japonicum and systematically compared them with previously isolated derivatives with respect to the utilization of biochemicals, antibiotic sensitivity, and soyben lectin binding. with the exception of a pair of derivatives from 3ilb110, one of which utilized pyruvate and one of wh ...19807190460
nodulation of soybeans carrying the nodulation-restrictive gene, rj1, by an incompatible rhizobium japonicum strain upon mixed inoculation with a compatible strain.the rj1 gene in soybeans prevents nodulation by most strains of rhizobium japonicum. several strains, however, are known to nodulate rj1 plants in vermiculite or sand culture. pure broth cultures of one of these strains (61 nalr) and a strain producing the typical non-nodulating response with rj1 (i-110 ars) were mixed and used as inoculum on clark rj1 soybeans in a growth chamber experiment. both strains carried drug resistance markers and were identified using selective media. analysis of the ...19807190864
free-living and symbiotic characteristics of chlorate resistant mutants of rhizobium.this work investigated the usefulness of chlorate resistance as a method for the selection of nitrate reductase negative (nr-) strains from rhizobium japonicum (61a76) and evaluated the symbiotic, characteristics of these strains. chlorate resistent strains were selected from populations seeded on cs 7 agar containing 10 or 20 mm kc10, and incubated in 2% air- 98% n2-co2 (95:5). over 200 resistant strains were isolated, 58% of which lacked the dissimilatory nitrate reductase. in 12 selected isol ...19807190866
nitrogen fixation by nitrate reductase deficient mutants of rhizobium japonicum. 19807194311
interaction of lectins from soybean and peanut with rhizobia that nodulate soybean, peanut, or both plants.four of 14 strains of rhizobium japonicum from soybean nodulated peanut (arachis hypogaea l. cultivar jumbo virginia), and 3 of 8 rhizobium sp. strains from peanut nodulate soybean (glycine max (l.) merr. cultivar harosoy 63). cells of three peanut rhizobia bound fluorescent- and radioisotope-labeled soybean lectin. two of these strains failed to nodulate soybean, and conversely, two peanut strains that nodulated soybean did not bind to soybean lectin. both culture medium and age had pronounced ...19807195297
use of two-dimensional polyacrylamide electrophoresis to demonstrate that putative rhizobium cross-inoculation mutants actually are contaminants.two-dimensional polyacrylamide electrophoresis was used to determine that mutants of rhizobium trifolii dt6, claimed to be capable of effectively nodulating soybeans, were actually rhizobium japonicum 110 contaminants isolated from the parent dt6 culture.198016345520
density centrifugation method for recovering rhizobium spp. from soil for fluorescent-antibody studies.a density centrifugation procedure has been developed as a replacement for soil flocculation and clarification steps employed in quantitative fluorescent-antibody studies on rhizobium in soils. near-quantitative recovery of added cells of two strains of rhizobium japonicum and two strains of r. phaseoli was achieved from six soils with various properties. it is proposed that this technique may prove useful in separating other soil microorganisms from soil particles in ecological studies employin ...198016345522
accumulation of soybean lectin-binding polysaccharide during growth of rhizobium japonicum as determined by hemagglutination inhibition assay.a hemagglutination inhibition assay was used to estimate the presence of soybean lectin-binding polysaccharide in whole culture, culture supernatant, and isolated exopolysaccharide of rhizobium japonicum usda 138. the occurrence of 0.1 to 0.2 mug of lectin-binding polysaccharide could be detected within 2 h with a 0.5-ml total sample. lectin-binding polysaccharide was detected in all preparations during both exponential and stationary growth phases. the formation of lectin-binding polysaccharide ...198016345578
diversity and dynamics of indigenous rhizobium japonicum populations.a simple method, based upon the separation of cellular proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, has been devised for distinguishing between isolates of rhizobium japonicum. eleven laboratory strains, previously classified into five serogroups, were analyzed by gel electrophoresis. groups determined subjectively according to protein patterns matched the serogroups, with one exception. most strains within serogroups could be distinguished from one another. for s ...198016345658
oxyleghemoglobin-mediated hydrogen oxidation by rhizobium japonicum usda 122 des bacteroids.oxyleghemoglobin was used to supply low concentrations of o(2) to h(2)-oxidizing bacteroids from rhizobium japonicum usda 122 des. the h(2) oxidation system of these bacteroids was capable of effectively utilizing o(2) at the low concentrations of o(2) expected to be found in soybean nodules. apparent k(m) values of approximately 10 nanomolar o(2) have been calculated for the oxyhydrogen reaction. these values include the k(m) values for both h(2) oxidation and endogenous substrate oxidation. ev ...198016661247
composition of the capsular and extracellular polysaccharides of rhizobium japonicum: changes with culture age and correlations with binding of soybean seed lectin to the bacteria .the chemical compositions of the capsular and extracellular polysaccharides of two strains of rhizobium japonicum (311b 138 and 110) have been determined and correlated as a function of culture age with the ability of the bacteria from which they were obtained to bind soybean seed lectin.each of the polysaccharides contains approximately constant amounts of mannosyl, glucosyl, and galacturonosyl residues in a molar ratio of 1:2:1. in addition they contain variable amounts of galactosyl and 4-o-m ...198016661379
host recognition in the rhizobium-soybean symbiosis.polar binding of rhizobium japonicum to roots and root hairs of glycine soja (l.) sieb. and zucc. is specifically inhibited by d-galactose and n-acetyl-d-galactosamine, haptens of glycine max seed lectin. a protein, immunologically cross-reactive with the g. max seed lectin, is present in g. soja seed extracts. peptide mapping of the purified g. max and g. soja lectins indicates that the two are similar in structure. soybean lectin can be localized on the surface of both g. max and g. soja roots ...198016661488
evaluation of the relative ureide content of xylem sap as an indicator of n(2) fixation in soybeans: greenhouse studies.the use of the relative ureide content of xylem sap [(ureide-n/total n) x 100] as an indicator of n(2) fixation in soybeans (merr.) was examined under greenhouse conditions. acetylene treatments to inhibit n(2) fixation were imposed upon the root systems of plants totally dependent upon n(2) fixation as their source of n and of plants dependent upon both n(2) fixation and uptake of exogenous nitrate. significant decreases in the total n concentration of xylem sap from plants of the former type w ...198016661509
early events in the infection of soybean (glycine max l. merr) by rhizobium japonicum: i. localization of infectible root cells.the infectible cells of soybean roots appear to be located at any given time just above the zone of root elongation and just below the position of the smallest emergent root hairs. the location of infectible cells on the primary root at the time of inoculation was inferred from the position of subsequent nodule development, correcting for displacement of epidermal cells due to root elongation. marks were made on the seedling growth pouches at the time of inoculation to indicate the position of t ...198016661570
investigation of the h(2) oxidation system in rhizobium japonicum 122 des nodule bacteroids.the h(2)-oxidizing complex in rhizobium japonicum 122 des bacteroids failed to catalyze, at a measurable rate, (2)h(1)h exchange from a mixture of (2)h(2) and (1)h(2) in presence of (2)h(2)o and (1)h(2)o, providing no evidence for reversibility of the hydrogenase reaction in vivo. in the h(2) oxidation reaction, there was no significant discrimination between (2)h(2) and (1)h(2), indicating that the initial h(2)-activation step in the over-all h(2) oxidation reaction is not rate-limiting. by use ...198016661577
development of nodules of glycine max infected with an ineffective strain of rhizobium japonicum.bacteroids in ineffective (nitrogenase negative) nodules of glycine max, infected with rhizobium japonicum 61-a-24, as compared to those in effective nodules are characterized by reduced specific activities of alanine dehydrogenase to 15%, of 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase to 50%, and an increase of glutamine synthetase to 400%. in the plant cytoplasm of ineffective nodules, glutamine synthetase activity is reduced to 10-30%, glutamate dehydrogenase to 50-70%, and the aspartate aminotransferase ...198024311082
utilization of aldehydes and alcohols by soybean bacteroids.aldehydes, alcohols and acids were tested for their ability to support acetylene reduction and oxygen consumption by rhizobium japonicum bacteroids isolated from soybean nodules. several alcohols and aldehydes increased acetylene reduction and oxygen uptake. this is consistent with the concept that the plant nodule cytosol can metabolize carbohydrate via anaerobic fermentative pathways.198116661942
growth of rhizobium japonicum strains at temperatures above 27 degrees c.a study was conducted to examine the growth responses of different rhizobium japonicum strains to increasing temperatures, determine the degree of variability among strains in those responses, and identify temperature-related growth characteristics that could be used to select temperature-tolerant strains. each of 42 strains was grown in liquid culture for 96 h at 19 incubation temperatures ranging from 27.4 to 54.1 degrees c in a temperature gradient apparatus. growth was estimated by measuring ...198116345827
regulation of the expression of leghaemoglobin genes in effective and ineffective root nodules of soybean.the expression of leghaemoglobin genes in effective and ineffective (unable to fix nitrogen) root nodules of soybean developed by rhizobium japonicum strains 61a76, 61a24 and sm5 was measured by using a cdna probe or a cloned leghaemoglobin sequence and in vitro translation of lb-mrna. hybridization of the poly(a)-containing nodule polysomal rna from 3-week-old nodules with a kinetically purified lb-cdna or with plasmid (plbl) containing a leghaemoglobin sequence showed that lb-mrna is present i ...19817194688
localization and partial characterization of soybean lectin-binding polysaccharide of rhizobium japonicum.immunoelectron microscopy was combined with partial characterization of isolated exopolysaccharide to study binding of soybean lectin by rhizobium japonicum strain usda 138. lectin-binding activity resided in two forms of exopolysaccharide produced during growth: an apparently very high-molecular-weight capsular form and a lower-molecular-weight diffusible form. at low-speed centrifugation, the capsular form cosedimented with cells to form a viscous, white, cell-gel complex which was not diffusi ...19817193204
plasmid transfer within and between serologically distinct strains of rhizobium japonicum, using antibiotic resistance mutants and auxotrophs.methionine-requiring and pantothenic acid-requiring auxotrophs of rhizobium japanicum usda 31, as well as highly antibiotic-resistant mutants of r. japonicum strains usda 31, usda 110, usda 138, and webster 48, were isolated. these mutants were used to transfer the p-1 group plasmids r68.45 and rp4 within and between strains usda 31, usda 110, and webster 48. attempts to demonstrate transfer of either plasmid to strain usda 138 were unsuccessful.19817007335
root exudates in relation to growth and nitrogenase activity of rhizobium japonicum.root exudates of cowpea and soybean were collected in aerated water cultures. the ability of these exudates to support nitrogenase activity of r. japonicum was studied on defined media. when a complete nitrogenase-inducing medium was supplemented with concentrated root exudate, there was an increased nitrogenase activity. when the cowpea root exudate was substituted for glutamine or sodium succinate in the medium, nitrogenase activity was not detected. growth was good when the root exudate was s ...19816949404
[genetic analysis of rhizobium japonicum]. 19816780290
rhizobium japonicum mutant strains unable to grow chemoautotrophically with h2.rhizobium japonicum strain sr grows chemoautotrophically on a mineral salts medium when incubated in an h2- and co2-containing atmosphere. mutant strains unable to grow or that grow very poorly chemoautotrophically with h2 have been isolated from strain sr. the mutant isolation procedure involved mutagenesis with ethyl methane sulfonate, penicillin selection under chemoautotrophic growth conditions, and plating of the survivors onto medium containing carbon. the resulting colonies were replica p ...19816780521
revertible hydrogen uptake-deficient mutants of rhizobium japonicum.we have developed mutants of rhizobium japonicum which are deficient in h2 uptake capacity (hup-) and which spontaneously revert to the parent type at a frequency consistent with that of a single-point mutation (ca. 1.0 x 10(-09)). the mutagenesis by nitrous acid and the selection of the hup- phenotype by using penicillin and chemolithotrophy as enrichment for chemolithotrophy-deficient strains are described. two mutants retain low but reproducible levels of ribulose bisphosphate-dependent co2 f ...19816783623
interspecific plasmid and genomic dna sequence homologies and localization of nif genes in effective and ineffective strains of rhizobium japonicum.three strains of rhizobium japonicum were examined for the presence of interspecific conserved plasmid-borne dna sequences and the location of their nif dna sequences. strains 61a76 and 110, which both form effective (nitrogen fixing) nodules on soybeans show very low (24%) total dna sequence homology with each other; strain 61a76 contains one plasmid, and strain 110 contains no identifiable plasmids. strain 61a24 which forms ineffective nodules on soybeans shows relatively high (50%) sequence h ...19816286824
[adenosine-3':5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase from rhizobium].the phosphodiesterase (pde) activity of adenosine-3':5'-monophosphate was detected in the cells of tubercular bacteria of rhizobium lupini and rhizobium japonicum. the specific activity of three rhizobium forms, e.g. bacteroids from lupine root tubercles, free-nitrogen-fixing culture and vegetative cells grown on a mannitol--yeast agar, were compared. in the bacteroids pde is represented both by soluble and membrane-bound forms. the optimal enzyme activity is revealed in an alkaline medium, wher ...19816263372
carriers in electron transport from molecular hydrogen to oxygen in rhizobium japonicum bacteroids.an investigation has been conducted to identify electron transport carriers that participate in the oxidation of h2 by h2 uptake-positive strains of rhizobium japonicum bacteroids. we have observed that the reduced form of dibromothymoquinone at a concentration of 0.2 mm strongly inhibited h2 uptake, endogenous respiration, and c2h2 reduction by bacteroid suspensions. reduced dibromothymoquinone, however, failed to inhibit the transfer of electrons from h2 to methylene blue under anaerobic condi ...19826277845
effects of iron deficiency on heme biosynthesis in rhizobium japonicum.the effects of iron deficiency on heme biosynthesis in rhizobium japonicum were examined. iron-deficient cells had a decreased maximum cell yield and a decreased cytochrome content and excreted protoporphyrin into the growth medium. the activities of the first two enzymes of heme biosynthesis, delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase (ec 2.3.1.37) and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydrase (ec 4.2.1.24), were diminished in iron-deficient cells, but were returned to normal levels upon addition of iron to ...19826277847
rhizobium japonicum mutants that are hypersensitive to repression of h2 uptake by oxygen.the synthesis of an h2 oxidation system in free-living rhizobium japonicum wild-type strain sr is repressed by oxygen. maximal h2 uptake rates were obtained in strain sr after derepression in 11 microm or less dissolved oxygen. oxygen levels above 45 microm completely repressed h2 uptake in strain sr. five r. japonicum mutant strains that are hypersensitive to repression or h2 oxidation by oxygen were derived from strain sr. the mutants were obtained by screening h2 uptake-negative mutants that ...19826277861
electron transport components involved in hydrogen oxidation in free-living rhizobium japonicum.membranes from free-living rhizobium japonicum were isolated to study electron transport components involved in h2 oxidation. the h2/o2 uptake rate ratio in membranes was approximately 2. the electron transport inhibitors antimycin a, cyanide, azide, hydroxylamine, and 2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-n-oxide (hqno) inhibited h2 uptake and h2-dependent o2 uptake significantly. h2-reduced minus o2-oxidized absorption difference spectra revealed peaks at 551.5, 560, and 603 nm, indicating the involve ...19826288665
requirement for carbon dioxide for nonsymbiotic expression of rhizobium japonicum nitrogenase activity.the expression and maintenance of nitrogenase (c(2)h(2)) activity in growing, microaerobic liquid cultures of rhizobium japonicum 3i1b110 was found to be stringently dependent on the sustained supply of co(2). this requirement for co(2) appeared to exceed the basal requirement for growth and was not related to effects on ph.19826811563
enhancement of specific nitrogenase activity in azospirillum brasilense and klebsiella pneumoniae, inhibition in rhizobium japonicum under air by phenol.specific nitrogenase activity in azospirillum brasilense atcc 29145 in surface cultures under air is enhanced from about 50 nmol c2h4 x mg protein -1 x h-1 to 400 nmol c2h4 by the addition of 1 mm phenol. 0.5 and 2 mm phenol added increase the rate 5-fold and 4-fold. this enhancement effect is observed only between 2 and 3 days after inoculation, with only a small reduction of the growth of the cells by the phenol added. in surface cultures under 1% o2, nitrogenase activity is slightly reduced b ...19826812526
rhizobium japonicum mutants defective in symbiotic nitrogen fixation.rhizobium japonicum strains 3i1b110 and 61a76 were mutagenized to obtain 25 independently derived mutants that produced soybean nodules defective in nitrogen fixation, as assayed by acetylene reduction. the proteins of both the bacterial and the plant portions of the nodules were analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. all of the mutants had lower-than-normal levels of the nitrogenase components, and all but four contained a prominent bacteroid protein not observed in wil ...19826956566
uptake hydrogenase activity and atp formation in rhizobium leguminosarum bacteroids.the role of uptake hydrogenase was studied in rhizobium leguminosarum bacteroids from the nodules of pisum sativum l. cv. homesteader. uptake hydrogenase activity, measured by the 3h2 uptake method, was dependent on o-consumption and was similar to h2 uptake measured by gas chromatography. km for o2 of 0.0007 atm (0.0709 kpa) and a km for h2 of 0.0074 atm (0.7498, kpa) were determined. h2 increased the rate of endogenous respiration by isolates with uptake hydrogenase (hup+) but had no effect on ...19827047503
reconstitution of h2 oxidation activity from h2 uptake-negative mutants of rhizobium japonicum bacteroids.an in vitro reconstitution of both methylene blue and oxygen-dependent h2 uptake activity from extracts of hup- (h2 uptake-negative) mutant strains of rhizobium japonicum bacteroids is described. cell-free extracts prepared from bacteroids formed from two different hup- mutants were mixed, and active h2 oxidizing particles formed. extracts from each mutant alone did not oxidize h2. the source of the components required for the complementation were soluble. mixing of membrane particles from the t ...19827056758
nitrogen fixation (nif) genes and large plasmids of rhizobium japonicum.the location of structural nitrogen-fixation genes was determined for the slow- and fast-growing types of rhizobium japonicum. slow-growing r. japonicum strains do not harbor structural nif genes, homologous to nifd and nifh, on large plasmids (100 to 200 megadaltons). in contrast, all fast-growing r. japonicum strains, except prc194, contain structural nif genes on large plasmids.19827130134
application of two new methods for cleavage of polysaccharides into specific oligosaccharide fragments. structure of the capsular and extracellular polysaccharides of rhizobium japonicum that bind soybean lectin.the extracellular polysaccharide produced by the bacterium rhizobium japonicum has been implicated in the recognition between symbionts which takes place in the association of r. japonicum with soybean. the complete primary structure of the polysaccharide produced by r. japonicum strain 3i1b 138 has been determined by a combination of conventional and unconventional methods. the polymer contains glucose, mannose, and galacturonic acid in the molar ratio of 2:1:1 and contains a varying proportion ...19827199046
soluble aldehyde dehydrogenase and metabolism of aldehydes by soybean bacteroids.a soluble aldehyde dehydrogenase (ec 1.2.1.3) was partially purified from rhizobium japonicum bacteroids and from free-living r. japonicum 61a76. the enzyme was activated by nad+, nadh, and dithiothreitol, and it reduced nad(p)+. acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, benzaldehyde, and succinic semialdehyde were substrates. the km for straight-chain aldehydes decreased with increasing carbon chain length. the aldehyde dehydrogenase was inhibited by 6-cyanopurine, but not by metronidazole. ...19827202001
Refresh
firstprev
12345678910...
nextlast
Displaying items 101 - 200 of 3597