Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| bk and jc viruses in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected persons: prevalence, excretion, viremia, and viral regulatory regions. | human polyomavirus bk (bkv) and jc (jcv) infections were examined in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). high frequencies of bkv (24%) and jcv viruria (16%) were detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). bkv viruria was not found in an immunocompetent control group, in contrast to a frequency of jcv viruria of 20%. the degree of hiv-induced immunodeficiency did not influence the prevalence of bkv viruria, in contrast to cytomegalovirus viruria, suggesting bkv re ... | 1994 | 8158020 |
| systemic gene therapy: biodistribution and long-term expression of a transgene in mice. | we have investigated the in vivo efficacy of a systemic gene transfer method, which combines a liposomal delivery system (dls liposomes) with episomally replicative dna plasmids to effect long-term expression of a transgene in cells. a single i.v. injection of a plasmid dna vector containing the luciferase gene as a marker was administered with the dls liposomes in balb/c mice. the luciferase gene and its product were found in all mouse tissues tested as determined by pcr analysis and immunohist ... | 1995 | 7568209 |
| a bk virus episomal vector for constitutive high expression of exogenous cdnas in human cells. | a bk virus (bkv) episomal vector (prpneocmv) was constructed for expression of cdnas under control of the cytomegalovirus (cmv) immediate-early promoter. transfection of prpneocmv for expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene in several human cell lines showed that the cmv promoter is more efficient than the hiv-1 and rsv ltrs in directing gene expression from episomal vectors. in 293 human cells prpneocmv/cat is twenty times more active in cat expression than the well known ... | 1995 | 7710358 |
| inhibition of hiv-1 replication and reactivation from latency by tat transdominant negative mutants in the cysteine rich region. | tat mutants (tat22, tat37 and tat22/37) were constructed in the transactivation domain, where cysteines at positions 22 or/and 37 were substituted with glycine and serine, respectively. these mutants were expressed either in a bk virus episomal vector or in the retroviral vector lxsn. constitutive production of tat22 by jurkat t cells in the context of both vectors blocked hiv-1 replication during lytic infection. conversely, the tat37 mutant did not show any inhibitory activity and tat22/37 dis ... | 1996 | 8646555 |
| the cdna cloning of the hamster homologue of the human l6 gene. | the cdna cloning and sequencing of a syrian hamster gene that produces a surface antigen on cells transformed by the sv40 or bk virus are described. sequence analysis showed that this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily (tm4sf) and encodes the syrian hamster counterpart of the human and the murine l6 antigens. the amino-acid sequences are highly conserved, being 71% identical among three species. | 1996 | 8654959 |
| bk virus large t antigen: interactions with the retinoblastoma family of tumor suppressor proteins and effects on cellular growth control. | bk virus (bkv) is a polyomavirus which infects a large percentage of the human population. it is a potent transforming agent and is tumorigenic in rodents. bkv dna has also been found in human brain, pancreatic islet, and urinary tract tumors, implicating this virus in neoplastic processes. bkv t antigen (tag) is highly homologous to simian virus 40 tag, particularly in regions required for mitogenic stimulation and binding to tumor suppressor proteins, the experiments presented in this report s ... | 1996 | 8642665 |
| spindle cells isolated from kaposi's sarcoma-like lesions of bkv/tat-transgenic mice co-express markers of different cell types. | to characterize murine spindle cells isolated from kaposi's sarcoma-like skin lesions developed in bk virus (bkv)/tat-transgenic mice. | 1996 | 8883582 |
| [human jc and bk polyomavirus infection]. | 1996 | 8948859 | |
| high titers of antibodies to two human polyomaviruses, jcv and bkv, correlate with increased frequency of chromosomal damage in human lymphocytes. | associations of antibody titers to the jc and bk human polyoma viruses and the frequency of chromosome aberrations (ca) in human peripheral blood lymphocytes were studied. study group consisted of 33 workers occupationally exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation and 11 control persons. there were no statistically significant differences in the jc and bk virus titer values between two groups of donors. it was found that jc and bk virus titers explained approximately 6% of total inter-individua ... | 1996 | 9020918 |
| bk virus-induced osteosarcoma (os515) as a model of human osteosarcoma. | bk virus was isolated by gardner et al in 1971 from the urine of an immunosuppressed patient with a kidney allograft. antibodies to this virus are ubiquitous in the general populations worldwide, but the oncogenic capacity of bkv in humans had not been reported. the virus transformed in vitro permissive human and non-permissive animal cells, and the transformed cells had the t antigen. intracerebral and intravenous inoculation of bkv in newborn hamsters induced malignant tumours (mainly ependymo ... | 1996 | 8712710 |
| large t antigen coding sequences of two dna tumor viruses, bk and sv40, and nonrandom chromosome changes in two glioblastoma cell lines. | the t antigen (tag) coding sequences of two dna tumor viruses, bkv and sv40, were detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification followed by southern-blot hybridization in two human glioblastoma multiforme derived cell lines. rt-pcr analysis indicated that these two tag coding sequences were expressed in both tumor cell lines carrying the viral early region dnas. moreover, analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) and dna sequence analyses showed that the amplified pcr prod ... | 1996 | 8780741 |
| incidence of jc viruria is higher than that of bk viruria in taiwan. | to investigate the prevalence of human polyomaviruses in taiwan, urine samples from immunocompetent (healthy), transient immunocompromised (pregnant), and prolonged immunosuppressed (autoimmune disease) individuals were collected throughout the island. the viral dna in the urine was detected by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and southern blot. the viral genotypes were determined by dna sequencing within the regulatory region. the overall results, including cases reported previously, show th ... | 1997 | 9210032 |
| activities of various compounds against murine and primate polyomaviruses. | polyomavirus infections in humans are due to bk virus (bkv) and jc virus (jcv). diseases associated with human polyomaviruses occur mostly in immunocompromised adults, e.g., progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml), caused by jcv, in aids patients and hemorrhagic cystitis and uretral stenosis, caused by bkv, in transplant recipients. no therapy is available for these diseases, which necessitates the development of chemical entities that are active against polyomaviruses. several antivira ... | 1997 | 9055998 |
| novel mechanisms of e2f induction by bk virus large-t antigen: requirement of both the prb-binding and the j domains. | e2f activity is regulated in part by the retinoblastoma family of tumor suppressor proteins. viral oncoproteins, such as simian virus 40 (sv40) large-t antigen (tag), adenovirus e1a, and human papillomavirus e7, can disrupt the regulation of cellular proliferation by binding to prb family members and dissociating e2f-prb family protein complexes. bk virus (bkv), which infects a large percentage of the human population and has been associated with a variety of human tumors, encodes a tag homologo ... | 1998 | 9488491 |
| bk and jc human polyomaviruses and simian virus 40: natural history of infection in humans, experimental oncogenicity, and association with human tumors. | 1998 | 9520997 | |
| tubulointerstitial nephritis due to a mutant polyomavirus bk virus strain, bkv(cin), causing end-stage renal disease. | a renal biopsy from a 36-year-old man with aids showed a severe tubulointerstitial nephritis with intranuclear inclusions in epithelial cells. electron microscopy revealed the characteristic findings of a polyomavirus (pyv) infection, and immunofluorescence indicated the presence of bk virus (bkv) antigen. inoculation of rhesus monkey kidney cell cultures both with urine and with buffy coat blood cells resulted in a cytopathic response which was subsequently confirmed to be due to bkv. further c ... | 1998 | 9620396 |
| hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of refractory haemorrhagic cystitis. | haemorrhagic cystitis is a common and often debilitating complication of chemotherapy for which treatment is frequently unsatisfactory. with over 80 cases reported of radiation-induced cystitis treated successfully with hyperbaric oxygen, attention is now turning to the treatment of chemotherapeutic agent-induced cystitis. we report a case of haemorrhagic cystitis occurring after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma. the patient had received cyclophosphamide ... | 1998 | 9758348 |
| molecular biology and pathogenesis of human polyomavirus infections. | the two human polyomaviruses jc and bk are ubiquitous in the human population. primary infection leads to lifelong persistence in the kidney, the cns and in lymphoid cells. virus is shed into the urine and is transmitted at least in part by the oral route. under limited changes of the immunological state persistent polyomavirus infection is activated to an asymptomatic virus production. however, in severe long-lasting immunosuppression, highly effective virus multiplication can be accompanied by ... | 1998 | 9776228 |
| rearranged and chimaeric primate polyomavirus genomes. | recombination between different primate polyomavirus genomes (sv40, jcv, bkv) or within the genome of the same species (e.g. archetype to rearranged type virus) might contribute to the establishment of sv40-like viruses within the human population. alternatively, it is possible that these polyomaviruses might, upon co-infection of human cells, complement each other's growth through direct virus-virus interactions or by indirect effects on host cell permissiveness. our laboratory has investigated ... | 1998 | 9776231 |
| host range analysis of simian virus 40, bk virus and chimaeric sv40/bkv: relative expression of large t-antigen and vp1 in infected and transformed cells. | simian virus 40 (sv40) persists in rhesus monkeys and productively infects cultured simian kidney cells. in contrast to the closely related human virus bkv, sv40 is known to propagate inefficiently in human embryonic kidney (hek) cells and human fibroblasts (hff). we examined the growth of sv40, bkv and the chimaeric genome virus, sv40/rfv, in several types of human cells. we analysed replication, expression of t-ag and vp1 capsid proteins, and cytopathic effects (cpe). we also compared t-ag and ... | 1998 | 9776240 |
| the jc and bk human polyoma viruses appear to be recent introductions to some south american indian tribes: there is no serological evidence of cross-reactivity with the simian polyoma virus sv40. | in an effort to understand the unusual cytogenetic damage earlier encountered in the yanomama indians, plasma samples from 425 amerindians representing 14 tribes have been tested for hemagglutination inhibition antibodies to the human jc polyoma virus and from 369 amerinds from 13 tribes for hemagglutination inhibition antibodies to the human bk polyoma virus. there is for both viruses highly significant heterogeneity between tribes for the prevalence of serum antibody titers >/=1/40, the patter ... | 1998 | 9861002 |
| primary bk virus (bkv) infection due to possible bkv transmission during bone marrow transplantation is not the major cause of hemorrhagic cystitis in transplanted children. | in allogeneic bone marrow transplanted (bmt) patients bk virus (bkv) reactivation has been associated with haemorrhagic cystitis (hc). however, it is far from obvious which patients will develop hc, since bkv, a human polyomavirus, is ubiquitious and infects children at an early age. to investigate if a primary bkv infection, as such or possibly due to transmission of bkv by the marrow graft during bmt, was correlated to the development of hc, 45 children were followed for possible bkv seroconve ... | 1998 | 10084731 |
| post-transplantation polyomavirus infections. | increasing attention has been recently accorded to bk and jc viruses (bkv and jcv). both these human polyomavirus (hpv) are members of the papovavirus family which includes the simian virus sv 40. bkv and jcv infect more than 60% of the population worldwide. after primary infection, they remain harboured in the kidneys and may become reactivated in situations of immune impairment. hpv were first described in 1971. bkv was isolated in a renal transplant patient with ureteral stricture and jcv in ... | 1999 | 10202999 |
| identification of a new control region in the genome of the ddp strain of bk virus isolated from pbmc. | the various strains of human polyomavirus bk (bkv) show a marked heterogeneity in the non-coding control region (nccr), which includes the origin of replication and the regulatory region for early and late transcription. a new bkv strain (ddp, u91605) was identified by direct detection and sequencing of pcr products of bkv-nccr dna obtained from pbmc samples of hiv-positive or -negative subjects. the ddp strain nccr sequence showed an organisation not described previously in vivo with the maximu ... | 1999 | 10421410 |
| prevalence of long-term bk and jc excretion in hiv-infected adults and lack of correlation with serological markers. | the natural history of polyomavirus infection, and sensitivity of diagnostic assays remain unclear. a stratified group of 94 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients was studied for both virological and serological markers of active infection with both jc virus and bk virus. jc dna was detected in the urine of 18 of 81 (22%) patients and bk dna in 30 (37%) patients. whilst patients with a low cd(4) cell count (p =.009), cd(4)/cd(8) ratio (p =.031) and beta2m concentration (p =.042) w ... | 1999 | 10534729 |
| concerted expression of bk virus large t- and small t-antigens strongly enhances oestrogen receptor-mediated transcription. | previous studies have shown that the human polyomavirus bk (bkv) genome contains an oestrogen response element (ere). this isolated element binds its cognate receptor in vitro and can mediate 17beta-oestradiol-induced gene expression when linked to a heterologous promoter. the roles of the ere- and the ap-1-binding sites in oestrogen receptor-directed transcription from the complete bkv promoter/enhancer (dunlop strain) have been examined and the effects of the general co-activator cbp and large ... | 1999 | 10091996 |
| episomal vectors for gene expression in mammalian cells. | an important reason for preferring mammalian cells for heterologous gene expression is their ability to make authentic proteins containing post-translational modifications similar to those of the native protein. the development of expression systems for mammalian cells has been ongoing for several years, resulting in a wide variety of effective expression vectors. the aim of this review is to highlight episomal expression vectors. such episomal plasmids are usually based on sequences from dna vi ... | 2000 | 10971576 |
| the human polyomaviruses, bkv and jcv: molecular pathogenesis of acute disease and potential role in cancer. | 2000 | 10648177 | |
| identification of archetype and rearranged forms of bk virus in leukocytes from healthy individuals. | bk virus (bkv) establishes a persistent, asymptomatic infection in more than 80% of the human population, and in immunocompromised individuals bkv causes acute urinary tract infections. two forms of bkv, archetype and rearranged, have been recovered previously from urine samples. the rearranged form is believed to have emerged from the archetype form by the deletion and duplication of sequences within the transcriptional control region (tcr). we have pcr-amplified unique rearranged forms of the ... | 2000 | 10630970 |
| sequential vidarabine infusion in the treatment of polyoma virus-associated acute haemorrhagic cystitis late after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. | late onset haemorrhagic cystitis (hc) occurs in 20-30% of allogeneic bone marrow transplant patients. human polyomavirus bk (bkv) (or less frequently adenovirus) may be involved in the pathogenesis of viral hc and can represent a serious post-transplant complication. diagnosis and treatment of viral hc can be difficult and has an uncertain outcome. we report the efficacy of sequential vidarabine in the treatment of a patient with severe bkv-associated hc, despite the delay in implementing therap ... | 2000 | 10673705 |
| vp1 dna sequences of jc and bk viruses detected in urine of systemic lupus erythematosus patients reveal no differences from strains expressed in normal individuals. | the ubiquitous human polyomaviruses bk (bkv) and jc (jcv) persist with no adverse effects in immunocompetent individuals. virus-induced pathogenesis has been linked to virus reactivation during impaired immune conditions. previous studies have shown a significant difference between the vp1 dna sequences of jcv obtained from control urine samples and those in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy brain samples. this difference could not be detected when comparing normal control urinary jcv d ... | 2000 | 11038373 |
| potential transmission of human polyomaviruses through the gastrointestinal tract after exposure to virions or viral dna. | the mechanism of human-to-human transmission of the polyomaviruses jc virus (jcv) and bk virus (bkv) has not been firmly established with regard to possible human exposure. jcv and bkv have been found in sewage samples from different geographical areas in europe, africa, and the united states, with average concentrations of 10(2) to 10(3) jcv particles/ml and 10(1) to 10(2) bkv particles/ml. selected polyomavirus-positive sewage samples were further characterized. the jcv and bkv present in thes ... | 2001 | 11581397 |
| detection and differentiation of human polyomaviruses jc and bk by lightcycler pcr. | human polyomaviruses jc and bk may cause several clinical manifestations in immunocompromised hosts, including progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and hemorrhagic cystitis. molecular detection by pcr is recognized as a sensitive and specific method for detecting human polyomaviruses in clinical samples. in this study, a real-time pcr assay using the lightcycler platform was evaluated and compared to an "in-house" pcr assay using a conventional detection method. a total of 122 urine specim ... | 2001 | 11724845 |
| viral inoculation for prophylaxis of polyoma virus associated diseases. | a number of human diseases - colon cancer (jc virus), medulloblastoma (jc virus), and neuroblastoma (bk virus) have recently been associated with human polyoma viruses. if such viral links can be proven, i suggest viral inoculation as prophylaxis against these diseases, especially colon cancer, in seropositive immunocompetent individuals. | 2001 | 11133251 |
| papillomavirus-like particles induce acute activation of dendritic cells. | the role of viral structural proteins in the initiation of adaptive immune responses is poorly understood. to address this issue, we focused on the effect of noninfectious papillomavirus-like particles (vlps) on dendritic cell (dc) activation. we found that murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (bmdcs) effectively bound and rapidly internalized bovine papillomavirus vlps: exposure to fully assembled vlps of bovine papillomavirus, human papillomavirus (hpv)16 or hpv18, but not to predominate ... | 2001 | 11313370 |
| cidofovir treatment of human polyomavirus-associated acute haemorrhagic cystitis. | we report the case of an 18-year-old patient who received an allogeneic bone marrow transplant from an hla-identical unrelated donor for a ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia, in his third complete remission. cyclophosphamide and busulfan were used as conditioning treatment. acute graft-versus-host disease developed on day +9, and the response to adequate treatment (steroids) was favourable. on day +45 the patient developed an acute severe haemorhragic cystitis, and bk polyomavirus was demonstrated ... | 2001 | 11429040 |
| bk virus in solid organ transplant recipients: an emerging syndrome. | bk virus is a human polyomavirus associated with a range of clinical presentations from asymptomatic viruria with pyuria to ureteral ulceration with ureteral stenosis in renal transplant patients or hemorrhagic cystitis in bone marrow transplant recipients. infection of renal allografts has been associated with diminished graft function in some individuals. fortunately, however, the majority of patients with bk virus infections are asymptomatic. the type, duration, and intensity of immunosuppres ... | 2001 | 11726814 |
| sv40: a human pathogen? | over the past eight years an increasing number of investigators have found sv40 genomic sequences in a variety of human samples, both malignant and normal. tumor types recurrently reported as sv40-positive include choroid plexus neoplasms, ependymomas, osteosarcomas, and mesotheliomas. nonetheless, considerable skepticism that sv40 is a human pathogen still prevails. more constructively, the study of sv40 in humans has renewed interest in the related bk and jc viruses and their role in human dis ... | 2001 | 11790879 |
| opportunistic infections after renal transplantation. | opportunistic infection is a serious clinical complication in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy after kidney transplantation. this article deals with some of the possible infectious agents that were recently encountered at our transplantation centre in düsseldorf, germany. opportunistic organsims such as human herpesviruses 6-8, polyomavirus, parvovirus b19, varicella zoster virus, nocardia and listeria monocytogenes are rare but severe complications that are presented in this overvie ... | 2002 | 11859257 |
| dna sequencing of viral capsid protein vp-1 region in patients with bk virus interstitial nephritis. | mutations in the viral capsid protein vp-1 region are associated with increased pathogenicity of polyomavirus in experimental systems. this study sought to determine whether analogous viral genetic changes occur in human bk virus (bkv) interstitial nephritis (isn). | 2002 | 11965037 |
| bladder carcinoma in a transplant recipient: evidence to implicate the bk human polyomavirus as a causal transforming agent. | the bk polyomavirus (bkv) infects most of the human population, but clinically relevant infections are mostly limited to individuals who are immunosuppressed. in transplant recipients, bkv has been associated with ureteral stenosis, interstitial nephritis, and hemorrhagic cystitis. the role of bkv in the development of human tumors is intriguing but uncertain. bkv has been identified in various tumor types including urothelial carcinoma, but the ubiquitous presence of bkv as a latent infection h ... | 2002 | 12131691 |
| bk virus-associated fatal renal failure following late-onset hemorrhagic cystitis in an unrelated bone marrow transplantation. | the human polyomavirus bk (bkv)-associated hemorrhagic cystitis (hc) has been a frequent and, seldom life-threatening complication after bone marrow transplantation (bmt). the authors report a male with melodysplastic syndrome, who developed bkv-associated late-onset hc 12 days after hla-matched unrelated bmt. his urine contained epithelial cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies suggestive of bkv infection and was positive for bkv in polymerase chain reaction. he did not respond to any treatme ... | 2002 | 12051592 |
| bk virus-associated hemorrhagic cystitis in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient. | bk virus-associated hemorrhagic cystitis is a common clinical problem in bone marrow transplant recipients but is considered rare in other immunosuppressed patient populations. we describe a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient with non-hodgkin's lymphoma in whom bk virus-associated hemorrhagic cystitis developed; viruria was quantitated in urine by immunocytochemistry, and the patient showed no response to cidofovir. | 2002 | 12115100 |
| a monoclonal antibody specific for bk virus large t-antigen (clone bk.t-1) also binds the human ku autoantigen. | a monoclonal antibody directed against the bk virus large t-antigen (clone bk.t-1) has previously been used to evaluate bkv-t antigen (bkv-tag) expression. however, our experience showed a consistent reactivity to uninfected human, but not rodent cells and tissues. using immunoprecipitation, western analysis, amino acid sequencing and end-point dilution analysis, we analysed the bk.t-1 antibody reactivity and identified the bound cellular protein. the results clearly show that the antibody recog ... | 2002 | 12173042 |
| bk polyomavirus interstitial nephritis in a renal allograft recipient. | human polyomavirus (pv) interstitial nephritis has recently been recognized as a cause of severe renal allograft dysfunction. it occurs in immunosuppressed patients after reactivation of the latent virus pv type bk (bk virus) in the renal epithelium. bk disease is defined as a morphologically manifest renal infection with cytopathic signs accompanied by varying degrees of interstitial inflammatory cell infiltrates and functional impairment. it is also identified by the presence of cells containi ... | 2003 | 12554538 |
| brain tumors and polyomaviruses. | polyomaviruses, including jc virus (jcv), bk virus (bkv), and simian virus 40 (sv40) have attracted much attention in the past decade due to their repeated isolation from various human tumors, including those originating from the central nervous system (cns). jcv and bkv are considered to be ubiquitous human pathogens that become reactivated under impaired physiological conditions such as immunosuppression. productive replication of jcv and bkv induces diseases such as progressive multifocal leu ... | 2003 | 12707848 |
| detection and sequence analysis of human polyomaviruses dna from autoptic samples of hiv-1 positive and negative subjects. | the distribution of dna of bk and jc human polyomaviruses (bkv and jcv) was investigated in samples from autopsies of different organs in 2 groups of patients: human immunodeficiency virus -1 (hiv) positive and negative. samples from various organs were analysed by a nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the non-coding control and for the vp1 regions of both viruses. the results obtained showed that bkv dna was present in both males and females with a higher prevalence in hiv-positive subje ... | 2003 | 14611731 |
| jc virus agnoprotein colocalizes with tubulin. | the human polyomavirus jc (jcv) encodes an agnoprotein that consists of 71 amino acid residues, with a molecular weight of approximately 8 kda, from the late protein coding region. the agnoprotein of jcv shares 50% to 60% homology with those of simian virus 40 (sv40) and bk virus (bkv), and the carboxyl-terminal region of jcv agnoprotein is relatively unique. by using specific antibody to the carboxyl-terminal region of jcv agnoprotein, the authors have demonstrated that jcv agnoprotein expresse ... | 2003 | 12709865 |
| human polyomavirus dna is not detected in guthrie cards (dried blood spots) from children who developed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. | epidemiological evidence has suggested that some childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) may be initiated in utero and may have an infectious etiology. the human polyomavirus jc virus (jcv) has been discussed as a candidate virus, but its presence has not been demonstrated in leukemia cells from children with all. the aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate if prenatal human polyomavirus infection could still indirectly be correlated to the development of childhood all. | 2003 | 12555248 |
| [the neuropathology of hiv infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy]. | introduction of highly active antiretroviral treatment (haart) which is available for most aids patients in france since 1996, has resulted in a dramatic improvement of the disease course. from the survey of our autopsy series of (aids) cases and the review of other neuropathological studies from different developed countries, we found quantitative and qualitative changes in the pattern of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) neuropathology. quantitatively, there was a dramatic decrease in the num ... | 2003 | 14752384 |
| [virological, epidemiological and pathogenic aspects of human polyomaviruses]. | virological aspects: human polyomaviruses (bk virus and jc virus), together with simian polyomaviruses (sv40 virus) share 75% of genomic homology. their in vivo and in vitro genomes vary. molecular analyses have identified several genotypes, some of which appear related to the development of viral diseases. genomic modifications of the regulation area might provide the bkv with a pathogenic aspect thus enhancing the induction of tubulo-interstitial nephropathies in renal transplant recipients. e ... | 2003 | 12714906 |
| [clinical aspects of human polyomaviruses in renal transplantation]. | a threat for renal allograft: human polyomavirus infections (bk virus, jc virus), known for the past 30 years, were considered as common in renal transplantation until the recently reported studies describing the responsibility of bkv (and less jcv) in the occurrence of tubulo-interstitial nephritis in around 5% of renal transplant recipients, with worsening of the renal function leading to graft failure in 10 to 45% of infected patients. their description coincided with the use of new immunosup ... | 2003 | 12714907 |
| characterization of self-assembled virus-like particles of human polyomavirus bk generated by recombinant baculoviruses. | the major structural protein of the human polyomavirus bk (bkv), vp1, was expressed by using recombinant baculoviruses. a large amount of protein with a molecular mass of about 42 kda was synthesized and identified by western blotting. the protein was detected exclusively in the nuclei by immunofluorescent analysis and it was released into culture medium. the expressed bkv vp1 protein was self-assembled into virus-like particles (bk-vlps) with two different sizes (50 and 26 nm in diameter), whic ... | 2003 | 12832209 |
| different susceptibility of human mesothelial cells to polyomavirus infection and malignant transformation. | sv40 has been associated with mesothelioma development. the possible role of the closely related human polyomaviruses jc virus (jcv) and bk virus (bkv) in mesothelioma remained unclear. we found that jcv did not infect human mesothelial cells. bkv and sv40 infected mesothelial cells, expressed viral oncoproteins, and caused similar alterations of key cell regulatory genes. bkv replicated faster than sv40 and caused mesothelial cell lysis, not cellular transformation. sv40 did not lyse mesothelia ... | 2003 | 14559789 |
| elevation of cxcr3-binding chemokines in urine indicates acute renal-allograft dysfunction. | a noninvasive urinary test that diagnoses acute renal allograft dysfunction would benefit renal transplant patients. we aimed to develop a rapid urinary diagnostic test by detecting chemokines. seventy-three patients with renal allograft dysfunction prompting biopsy and 26 patients with stable graft function were recruited. urinary levels of cxcr3-binding chemokines, monokine induced by ifn-gamma (mig/cxcl9), ifn-gamma-induced protein of 10 kda (ip-10/cxcl10), and ifn-inducible t-cell chemoattra ... | 2004 | 14961998 |
| detection of bk virus and jc virus dna in urine samples from immunocompromised (hiv-infected) and immunocompetent (hiv-non-infected) patients using polymerase chain reaction and microplate hybridisation. | the majority of the human population is infected with two human polyomaviruses bk virus (bkv) and jc virus (jcv) during childhood. after initial infection both viruses persist within renal system. reactivation of both viruses may be linked with immunodeficiency or immunosuppressive therapy. | 2004 | 15018849 |
| prophylactic strategies before solid-organ transplantation. | prophylactic measures prior to organ transplantation are evolving based on recent reports of emerging infectious diseases, as well as an expanded understanding of the epidemiology of familiar infections. this review will highlight developments with potential impact on donor and recipient screening and pretransplant management. | 2004 | 15241081 |
| ureteral necrosis after kidney transplantation: risk factors and impact on graft and patient survival. | ischemia, the main cause of ureteral necrosis in renal transplantation, cannot alone explain the late occurrence of some fistulas beyond the first postoperative month. the aim of this study, performed on a cohort of 1,629 consecutive kidney transplantations, was to analyze the risk factors implicated in the occurrence of ureteral necrosis and its impact on graft and patient survival. | 2004 | 15371676 |
| hemorrhagic cystitis in children undergoing bone marrow transplantation: a putative role for simian virus 40. | late-onset hemorrhagic cystitis (hc) is a well-known severe complication of bone marrow transplantation (bmt), both in adults and in children. protracted postengraftment hc is associated with graft-versus-host disease and viral infections, mainly caused by bk virus (bkv) or adenovirus (av). this study investigated whether simian virus 40 (sv40) dna sequences can be detected in specimens from pediatric patients affected by severe postengraftment hc. | 2004 | 15446313 |
| co-detection and discrimination of jcv and bkv dna by duplex nested-pcr in renal transplant recipients. | several studies have disclosed a correlation between human polyomavirus bk (bkv) and interstitial nephritis in renal transplant recipients. it has recently been hypothesized that some cases of nephropathy may be associated with human polyomavirus jc (jcv). | 2004 | 15510083 |
| simultaneous detection and differentiation of human polyomaviruses jc and bk by a rapid and sensitive pcr-elaha assay and a survey of the jcv subtypes within an australian population. | human polyomaviruses jcv and bkv can cause several clinical manifestations in immunocompromised hosts, including progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml) and haemorrhagic cystitis. molecular detection by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is recognised as a sensitive and specific method for detecting human polyomaviruses in clinical samples. in this study, we developed a pcr assay using a single primer pair to amplify a segment of the vp1 gene of jcv and bkv. an enzyme linked amplicon hybri ... | 2004 | 14748071 |
| pml-nuclear bodies accumulate dna in response to polyomavirus bk and simian virus 40 replication. | promyelocytic nuclear bodies (pml-nbs) are distinct nuclear structures that are involved in apoptosis, differentiation, transcriptional regulation and dna damage response. these bodies have also been shown to associate with nuclear sites of viral dna replication. in the present study, we used brdu pulse labeling to demonstrate that pml-nbs accumulate newly synthesized dna in cells infected by the polyomaviruses simian virus 40 (sv40) or polyomavirus bk (bkv). sequestration of dna molecules in th ... | 2004 | 15242762 |
| [effects on health of water and food contamination by emergent human viruses]. | the development of molecular technologies applied to environmental studies has shown that even in highly industrialized countries there is a high prevalence of viruses in the environment that represents an important impact on public health and substantial economic losses mainly related to the transmission of viruses through water and food. significant concentrations of viruses are detected in the water flowed to the environment and in the biosolids generated in wastewater treatment plants. this ... | 2005 | 15913059 |
| human endothelial cells allow passage of an archetypal bk virus (bkv) strain--a tool for cultivation and functional studies of natural bkv strains. | the ubiquitous human polyomavirus bk (bkv) causes the serious condition bkv-nephropathy in an increasing number of renal-transplant patients. the lack of authentic cell cultures for multiplication of naturally occurring strains has hampered cultivation and functional studies of bkv. here we demonstrate that the most common urine shed bkv strain, the archetype, multiplies in the human endothelial cell line huv-ec-c. additional variants with deletions in the non-coding control region (nccr) appear ... | 2005 | 15770354 |
| interstitial cystitis and infectious agents. | interstitial cystitis (ic) is a syndrome consisting of severe refractory bladder symptoms of unknown etiology. the disease tends to affect caucasian women with a mean age of 40 years, with 25% of patients under the age of 30. few population based epidemiological studies of ic have been performed. we analyzed a case of interstitial cystitis in a 42-year-old non-smoker woman. in two biopsy samples the presence of viral dna of human polyomavirus bk (bkv), human herpes virus type 1 and type 2 (hhv- ... | 2005 | 16388730 |
| prevalence and stability of human serum antibodies to simian virus 40 vp1 virus-like particles. | possible human infection with simian virus 40 (sv40) has been of great concern ever since sv40 was discovered in polio vaccines. human populations are sv40-seropositive, but because of serological cross-reactivity between sv40 and the human polyomaviruses bk virus (bkv) and jc virus (jcv), it is debatable whether these antibodies are specific. an sv40-specific serological assay was established, based on purified virus-like particles (vlps), where the sv40 vlps were blocked with hyperimmune sera ... | 2005 | 15914848 |
| fatal bk polyoma viral pneumonia associated with immunosuppression. | bk polyoma virus has a worldwide distribution in the human population. primary bk infection takes place during childhood, with the virus remaining latent in many sites. immunosuppressive states can lead to viral reactivation associated with many clinical sequelae. we report a case of fatal bk-related pneumonia in a 69-year-old patient who was immunocompromised because of chemotherapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. immunohistochemical, in situ hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction studi ... | 2005 | 16153469 |
| distribution, characterization and significance of polyomavirus genomic sequences in tumors of the brain and its covering. | the etiology of brain tumors and meningiomas is still unknown. several factors have been considered, such as genetic predisposition and environmental risk factors, but the hypothesis that one or more infectious agents may play a role in tumor pathogenesis has also been investigated. therefore, emphasis was placed on the neurooncogenic family polyomaviridae and the presence of human polyomavirus dna sequences and jcv mrna were examined in malignant human brain biopsies. italian patients affected ... | 2005 | 16173013 |
| emerging viral infections after hematopoietic cell transplantation. | this overview summarizes recent data on emerging viruses after hematopoietic cell transplantation (hct), including adenovirus, bk virus, human metapneumovirus (hmpv), and human herpesvirus (hhv) 6. the increased recognition of these infections is due to improved molecular detection methods, increased surveillance and more profound immunosuppression in the host. adenovirus can cause serious disease especially in t-cell depleted transplant recipients. adenovirus viremia is an important risk factor ... | 2005 | 16305617 |
| [bk virus infection in a pediatric renal transplant recipient]. | bk human polyomavirus causes an asymptomatic primary infection in children, then establishing latency mainly in the urinary tratt. viral reactivation can lead to renal pathology in individuals with impaired cellular immune response. this is particularly important in pediatric transplant recipients, who can suffer a primary infection when immunosupressed. we followed up the case of a 5 years old patient who received a renal transplant in october 2003, and presented damaged graft 45 days after the ... | 2005 | 16323666 |
| bkv-dna and jcv-dna co-quantification assay to evaluate viral load in urine and serum. | infections from human polyomaviruses bk and jc (bkv and jcv) occur independently, but concomitant infections and the simultaneous persistence of both viruses have been observed in renal transplant recipients. several studies have disclosed a correlation between bkv and interstitial nephritis in renal transplant recipients, and an association between jcv and some cases of nephropathy has recently been hypothesized. this article describes the development of a semiquantitative-nested polymerase cha ... | 2005 | 15805571 |
| structure and assembly of a t=1 virus-like particle in bk polyomavirus. | in polyomaviruses the pentameric capsomers are interlinked by the long c-terminal arm of the structural protein vp1. the t=7 icosahedral structure of these viruses is possible due to an intriguing adaptability of this linker arm to the different local environments in the capsid. to explore the assembly process, we have compared the structure of two virus-like particles (vlps) formed, as we found, in a calcium-dependent manner by the vp1 protein of human polyomavirus bk. the structures were deter ... | 2005 | 15827148 |
| bkv infection and hemorrhagic cystitis after allogeneic bone marrow transplant. | hemorrhagic cystitis (hc) is a well-known complication after allogeneic bone marrow transplant (bmt) and can be related to adenovirus or human polyomavirus bk (bkv) infections. in this study a group of 20 patients after allogeneic bmt has been examined. bmt urine samples were analysed for the presence of adenovirus and bkv dnaby means of polymerase chain reaction (pcr). 5/20 bmt patients developed hc after bmt. the presence of bkv dna in urine samples was evident in 3/15 patients without hc and ... | 2005 | 15888253 |
| incidence, clinical outcome, and management of virus-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in children and adolescents after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. | we analyzed the incidence, etiology, risk factors, and clinical management of hemorrhagic cystitis (hc) in 102 children who underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation: 28 from matched siblings, 57 from unrelated donors, and 17 from mismatched relatives. conditioning regimens consisted of high-dose chemotherapy (n=83) or total body irradiation (n=19). in all children, urine and plasma were prospectively screened for human polyomavirus (hpv; bk virus [bkv] and jc virus [jcv]) or adenovirus (ad ... | 2005 | 16182180 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of polyomavirus sa12. | the polyomaviridae have small icosahedral virions that contain a genome of approximately 5,000 bp of circular double-stranded dna. polyomaviruses infect hosts ranging from humans to birds, and some members of this family induce tumors in test animals or in their natural hosts. we report the complete nucleotide sequence of simian agent 12 (sa12), whose natural host is thought to be papio ursinus, the chacma baboon. the 5,230-bp genome has a genetic organization typical of polyomaviruses. sequence ... | 2005 | 16189011 |
| specific and quantitative detection of human polyomaviruses bkv, jcv, and sv40 by real time pcr. | the polyomaviruses that infect humans, bk virus (bkv), jc virus (jcv), and simian virus 40 (sv40), typically establish subclinical persistent infections. however, reactivation of these viruses in immunocompromised hosts is associated with renal nephropathy and hemorrhagic cystitis (hc) caused by bkv and with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml) caused by jcv. additionally, sv40 is associated with several types of human cancers including primary brain and bone cancers, mesotheliomas, ... | 2005 | 16087125 |
| comparative evaluation of three commercial systems for nucleic acid extraction from urine specimens. | a nucleic acid extraction system that can handle small numbers of specimens with a short test turnaround time and short hands-on time is desirable for emergent testing. we performed a comparative validation on three systems: the magna pure compact system (compact), the nuclisens minimag extraction instrument (minimag), and the biorobot ez1 system (ez1). a total of 75 urine specimens submitted for polyomavirus bk virus detection were used. the human beta-actin gene was detected on 75 (100%), 75 ( ... | 2005 | 16145151 |
| interplay of cellular and humoral immune responses against bk virus in kidney transplant recipients with polyomavirus nephropathy. | reactivation of the polyomavirus bk (bkv) causes polyomavirus nephropathy (pvn) in kidney transplant (ktx) recipients and may lead to loss of the renal allograft. we have identified two hla-a*0201-restricted nine-amino-acid cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) epitopes of the bkv major capsid protein vp1, vp1(p44), and vp1(p108). using tetramer staining assays, we showed that these epitopes were recognized by ctls in 8 of 10 (vp1(p44)) and 5 of 10 (vp1(p108)) hla-a*0201+ healthy individuals, while both ... | 2006 | 16537617 |
| specific and quantitative detection of human polyomaviruses bkv and jcv by lightcycler real-time pcr. | bk virus (bkv) and jc virus (jcv) are the only two known human polyomavirus that typically establish subclinical persistent infections. in immunocompromised hosts reactivation of the jcv infection is the cause of the central nervous system disease progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (pml), while bkv may cause renal nephropathy and haemorrhagic cystitis. | 2006 | 16542870 |
| human polyomavirus bkv transcriptionally activates dna methyltransferase 1 through the prb/e2f pathway. | many dna tumor virus oncogenes are capable of activating and highjacking the host cell's dna replication machinery for its own reproduction purposes through targeting and inactivation of the retinoblastoma pocket protein family. pocket proteins function to regulate cell cycle progression and dna synthesis through inhibitory interactions with the e2f transcription factors. the interaction of viral oncogenes with the pocket proteins is crucial for their transforming activity. we recently demonstra ... | 2006 | 16547506 |
| the role of sialic acid in human polyomavirus infections. | jc virus (jcv) and bk virus (bkv) are human polyomaviruses that infect approximately 85% of the population worldwide [1,2]. jcv is the underlying cause of the fatal demyelinating disease, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml), a condition resulting from jcv induced lytic destruction of myelin producing oligodendrocytes in the brain [3]. bkv infection of kidneys in renal transplant recipients results in a gradual loss of graft function known as polyomavirus associated nephropathy (pvn) ... | 2006 | 16575519 |
| new commercially available pcr and microplate hybridization assay for detection and differentiation of human polyomaviruses jc and bk in cerebrospinal fluid, serum, and urine samples. | jc and bk human polyomaviruses (family polyomaviridae) may cause severe neurological or urinary tract pathologies in immunocompromised hosts. in the present study, we evaluated a new commercially available pcr and microplate colorimetric hybridization assay for the standardized differential detection of jc virus (jcv) and bk virus (bkv) genomes in clinical samples. this jc/bk consensus test was first evaluated by testing serial dilutions of jcv or bkv plasmid dna standards and was then compared ... | 2006 | 16597855 |
| a mouse model for polyomavirus-associated nephropathy of kidney transplants. | polyomavirus-associated nephropathy is an important cause of dysfunction and failure of renal transplants. bk virus is an ubiquitous human polyoma virus that persistently infects the kidney. this otherwise silent infection can reactivate in immunosuppressed individuals, resulting in renal complications. because polyoma viruses are highly species-specific, we developed a mouse polyoma virus-renal transplant model in order to investigate the pathogenesis of polyomavirus-associated nephropathy. usi ... | 2006 | 16611327 |
| the pathobiology of polyomavirus infection in man. | this article traces the discovery of polyomaviruses and outlines investigations, which shed light on potential modes of transmission of this increasingly important group of human pathogens. the pathobiology of the virus is summarized with particular reference to interactions with host cell receptors, cell entry, cytoplasmic trafficking, and targeting of the viral genome to the nucleus. this is followed by a discussion of sites of viral latency and factors leading to viral reactivation. finally, ... | 2006 | 16626033 |
| expression analysis and modulation by hiv-tat of the tyrosine phosphatase hd-ptp. | the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tat transactivates viral proteins and also affects the expression of eukaryotic genes. since tat is angiogenic, we assumed that the isolation of differentially expressed genes in tat-treated endothelial cells would yield insights into the molecular mechanisms of the angiogenic process. by rna fingerprinting, we found that tat upregulates the tyrosine phosphatase hd-ptp mrna in a human endothelial cell line. at the moment, little is known about hd-ptp. we h ... | 2006 | 16408268 |
| the human polyomaviruses. | the polyomavirus family includes two members, bk virus (bkv) and jc virus (jcv), that naturally infect humans. these viruses are widely distributed among the population worldwide. primary infection occurs in early childhood and remains for life clinically unapparent in immunocompetent individuals. in the context of severe immunosuppression and other predisposing factors bkv and jcv may reactivate and cause serious illnesses known as polyomavirus-induced nephropathy and progressive multifocal leu ... | 2006 | 16501889 |
| pharmacotherapeutic options for the management of human polyomaviruses. | polyomaviruses [bk virus (bkv), jc virus (jcv) and simian virus 40 (sv40)] have been known to be associated with diseases in humans for over thirty years. bkv-associated nephropathy and jcv-induced progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml) were for many years rare diseases occurring only in patients with underlying severe impaired immunity. over the past decade, the use of more potent immunosuppression (is) in transplantation, and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) epidemic, h ... | 2006 | 16626040 |
| identification of gangliosides gd1b and gt1b as receptors for bk virus. | gangliosides have been shown to be plasma membrane receptors for both murine polyomavirus and sv40, while jc virus uses serotonin receptors. in contrast, little is known of the membrane receptor and entry pathway for bk virus (bkv), which can cause severe disease in immunosuppressed bone marrow and renal transplant patients. using sucrose flotation assays, we investigated bkv binding to and interaction with human erythrocyte membranes and determined that this interaction was dependent on a neura ... | 2006 | 16415013 |
| activation of early gene transcription in polyomavirus bk by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tat. | polyomavirus bk (bkv) is a serious problem for immunocompromised patients, where latent virus can enter into the lytic cycle causing cytolytic destruction of host cells. bkv infects >80% of the population worldwide during childhood and then remains in a latent state in the kidney. in the context of immunosuppression in kidney transplant patients, reactivation of the viral early promoter (bkv(e)) results in production of t antigen, enabling virus replication and transition from latency to the lyt ... | 2006 | 16690919 |
| retinoblastoma family proteins as key targets of the small dna virus oncoproteins. | rb, the most investigated tumor suppressor gene, is the founder of the rb family of growth/tumor suppressors, which comprises also p107 (rbl1) and rb2/p130 (rbl2). the protein products of these genes, prb, p107 and prb2/p130, respectively, are also known as 'pocket proteins', because they share a 'pocket' domain responsible for most of the functional interactions characterizing the activity of this family of cellular factors. the interest in these genes and proteins springs essentially from thei ... | 2006 | 16936748 |
| polyomavirus-associated nephropathy: update of clinical management in kidney transplant patients. | over the last decade, polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (pvan) has occurred with increasing frequency after renal transplantation, leading to significant renal dysfunction and graft loss. more than 95% of all cases are caused by the human polyomavirus type 1 called the bk virus. the primary treatment for pvan is immunosuppression reduction, which must be carefully balanced against increased risks of rejection. although no validated protocols exist, a first step commonly involves reduction of c ... | 2006 | 16734630 |
| bk virus infection in kidney transplantation: a case for early intervention. | the prognosis for renal allograft survival in a patient with bk virus-associated nephropathy is distressing because nearly 50% of affected grafts are lost. with these statistics in mind, attempting clinical intervention before bk virus disease develops seems appropriate. noninvasive screening tools such as tests to detect decoy cells in urine can enable diagnosis of bk viral infection in its early stages. although it is not entirely clear which patients with bk infection will have bk disease dev ... | 2006 | 16789702 |
| t-cell responses to peptide fragments of the bk virus t antigen: implications for cross-reactivity of immune response to jc virus. | infection with bk virus (bkv) induces both humoral and cellular immunity, but the viral antigens of t-antigen (t-ag) stimulating t-cell responses are largely unknown. to identify bkv-specific t cells in healthy individuals, peripheral blood lymphocytes were cultured with autologous dendritic cells (dcs) loaded with bkv lysate and t cells were screened for intracellular gamma interferon production after stimulation with an overlapping 15mer peptide library of the bkv t-ag. among many immunogenic ... | 2006 | 16963754 |
| bk viral reactivation in cardiac transplant patients: evidence for a double-hit hypothesis. | bk nephropathy is a significant cause of renal dysfunction in renal allograft recipients. the question of whether bk viral infection plays a role in renal dysfunction in cardiac transplantation patients remains to be answered. | 2006 | 16818124 |
| evolution of bk virus based on complete genome data. | the human polyomavirus bk virus (bkv) is ubiquitous in humans, infecting children asymptomatically. bkv is the only primate polyomavirus that has subtypes (i-iv) distinguishable by immunological reactivity. nucleotide (nt) variations in a major capsid protein (vp1) gene region (designated the epitope region), probably responsible for antigenic diversity, have been used to classify bkv isolates into subtypes. here, with all the protein-encoding gene sequences, we attempted to elucidate the evolut ... | 2006 | 16897259 |
| distribution of human polyomaviruses, adenoviruses, and hepatitis e virus in the environment and in a drinking-water treatment plant. | large numbers of viruses are excreted in human feces and urine, which even at low concentrations may cause illness when ingested. some of these viruses have not been traditionally monitored in terms of waterborne diseases and are considered emergent viruses, such as hepatitis e virus (hev) and jc and bk polyomavirus (jcpyv and bkpyv). the high prevalence of human adenoviruses (hadv) and polyomaviruses, which both show dna genomes, in sewage from widely divergent areas has suggested the relevance ... | 2006 | 17180997 |
| characterization of highly frequent epitope-specific cd45ra+/ccr7+/- t lymphocyte responses against p53-binding domains of the human polyomavirus bk large tumor antigen in hla-a*0201+ bkv-seropositive donors. | human polyomavirus bk (bkv) has been implicated in oncogenic transformation. its ability to replicate is determined by the binding of its large tumor antigen (ltag) to products of tumor-suppressor genes regulating cell cycle, as specifically p53. we investigated cd8+ t immune responses to bkv ltag portions involved in p53 binding in hla-a*0201+ bkv ltag experienced individuals. peptides selected from either p53-binding region (ltag351-450 and ltag533-626) by current algorithms and capacity to bi ... | 2006 | 17096832 |
| sv40 and human cancer: a review of recent data. | an unknown proportion of formalin-inactivated poliovirus vaccine lots administered to millions of us residents between 1955 and 1963 was contaminated with small amounts of infectious simian virus 40 (sv40), a polyomavirus of the rhesus macaque. it has been reported that mesothelioma, brain tumors, osteosarcoma and non-hodgkin lymphoma (nhl) contain sv40 dna sequences and that sv40 infection introduced into humans by the vaccine probably contributed to the development of these cancers. the immuni ... | 2007 | 17131333 |
| frequency and phenotype of jc virus-specific cd8+ t lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. | jc virus (jcv)-specific cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) are associated with a favorable outcome in patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml) and cross-recognize the polyomavirus bk virus (bkv). we sought to determine the frequency and phenotype in fresh blood of cd8+ t cells specific for two a*0201-restricted jcv epitopes, vp1(p36) and vp1(p100), and assess their impact on jc and bk viremia and viruria in 15 healthy subjects, eight human immunodeficiency virus-positive (h ... | 2007 | 17229701 |
| bk virus genotype distribution offers information of tracing the geographical origins of unidentified cadaver. | there are no efficient methods to determine the geographic origin of unidentified cadavers. we showed earlier that the geographical distribution of the jc virus genotype detected from human kidneys indicates the host's geographical origin. as there are still cadavers from which we cannot detect the jc virus (jcv), we investigated whether the genotype of another virus species belonging to the same family, human bk virus (bkv), could also be used to detect human geographical origin. bkv was found ... | 2007 | 17324543 |