Publications

[the population of turkey in 1994: dynamics, perspectives, and tensions].	"there were over 60 million inhabitants in turkey in 1994, which should consequently be viewed as one of the major population clusters in the mediterranean area. the average population growth is still quite high--2.08% for 1994--but it is unevenly distributed: on the one hand, the population is increasing mostly in the larger istanbul area, in all the other coastal urban areas and in the south-eastern parts of turkey, when, on the other one, it is stagnant in many [areas] and decreasing in centr ...	1995	12156745
[cholera epidemics in the ottoman empire during 1910-1913 and relevant events].	from 1910 to 1913 was one of the disastrous periods of the history of the ottoman empire. cholera epidemic was one of the causes of this calamity. the early cases of cholera were diagnosed on july 15 in erzurum in 1910. the disease was imported from russia and started to spread in the country. cholera appeared in istanbul on september 1st and spread rapidly. this danger necessitated the mobilization of all civilian and military resources. in spite of these efforts, istanbul became an important f ...	1995	11625085
[hayrullah efendi, a physician of the reformation period (tanzimat): his life and works].	hayrullah efendi, one of the prominent officials of the reformation period (tanzimat 1839) was born in istanbul in 1817 and died in tahran in the year 1866, when he was the ambassador of the ottoman empire there. he started his education as a student of theology (islamic studies), later started to study medicine and was graduated from the military medical school, "mekteb-i tibbiye-i adliye-i-sahane", in 1844. retiring from the military service, he served as a member of the committee of agricultu ...	1995	11625088
std/hiv prevention in turkey: planning a sequence of interventions.	this study was initiated to assess which mix of early std/hiv prevention interventions would potentially be effective, cost-effective and sustainable in turkey; and to program an intervention sequence to maximize synergy among the interventions. during rapid assessment we: 1) reviewed past issues of 3 leading newspapers; 2) collected information on tv coverage; 3) interviewed key informants including taxicab drivers, hotel employees, grocery store owners, academicians in public health and law, i ...	1995	8924351
postpartum family planning and health needs of women of low income in istanbul.	this study was designed to learn what types of postpartum health and family planning services are most appropriate for couples with low incomes living in istanbul, turkey. the methods used included focus groups, site visits, questionnaires for postpartum women, and a self-administered questionnaire for health-care providers. by five months postpartum, 86 percent of the women surveyed were using some method of family planning. many couples used withdrawal, starting immediately upon resumption of ...	1995	7618198
biochemical assessment of nutritional status in pre- and post-natal turkish women and outcome of pregnancy.	to determine by biochemical methods the nutritional status of pre- and post-natal turkish women and its relationship with offspring anthropometry.	1995	7588512
analysis of measles cases in a university pediatric hospital during 1988 and 1993 outbreaks.	in turkey, a mass measles immunization campaign was initiated in 1985, and the decision was made to administer the first of the measles vaccinations at nine months of age instead of 12-15 months. following the campaign there was a decrease in the number of measles cases seen in the outpatient department of istanbul university children's hospital in 1986 and 1987; however, after 1987 an increase was observed in measles cases, which continued until 1993. in order to investigate the current measles ...	1995	7597773
turkish heart study: lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins.	we examined the plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and selected apolipoproteins in approximately 9,000 men and women from six different regions of turkey with markedly different diets, ranging from an aegean coast diet high in olive oil (plasma cholesteryl ester fatty acids enriched in monounsaturated fatty acids) to an inland anatolian diet high in meat and dairy products (plasma cholesteryl esters enriched in saturated fatty acids). the rural population consuming an olive oil-rich diet had the lowes ...	1995	7616127
the development of psychiatric medicine at istanbul faculty of medicine and evaluation of 889 psychiatric referrals.	a clinical analysis of the psychiatric referrals (n = 889) during 1989-1991 is presented. the most prevalent psychiatric syndromes seen in both inpatients and outpatients are compared with reference to those areas of psychopathology that are less frequently identified by nonpsychiatrist physicians. the distribution of psychiatric referrals according to the various clinics in order of frequency was as follows: internal medicine, surgery, dermatology, and neurology. the most frequent reasons for c ...	1995	7649466
causes of fetal and neonatal death.	autopsy was performed on 601 out of 654 (91.9%) fetus and newborn cases of death which occurred during a four-year period between 1988-1991 at istanbul university cerrahpaşa faculty of medicine, gynecology department and neonatal unit. according to autopsy findings, among the main causes of death in newborns were infection, hyaline membrane disease, congenital anomalies, perinatal hypoxia and immaturity, and in the fetal period, perinatal hypoxia, asphyxia and congenital anomalies. in these case ...	1995	7502356
traumatic spinal cord injuries in istanbul, turkey. an epidemiological study.	this is a retrospective study conducted in all of the hospitals of istanbul to survey new patients with a traumatic spinal cord injury (sci) in 1992. in that year 152 new traumatic sci were identified. the estimated annual incidence was 21 per million population. the male/female ratio was 3/1. the mean age was 33, being 34 for male patients and 31 for female patients. 72% of all patients were under the age of forty. the major causes of sci were falls (43%) and car accidents (41%), followed by be ...	1995	7478742
resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, caused by per-1 beta-lactamase, in salmonella typhimurium from istanbul, turkey.	two salmonella typhimurium isolates were studied, one as a representative from a series of neonatal meningitis cases treated at an istanbul teaching hospital, the other from a gastro-enteritis case seen at a different istanbul hospital. both isolates were resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, as well as penicillins, aminoglycosides and chloramphenicol. cephalosporin resistance depended on production of per-1 beta-lactamase, which is an extended-spectrum class a enzyme that is only dista ...	1995	7562992
is awareness of its risk enough to stop people from smoking?	a questionnaire to elicit information about smoking habits and knowledge of the risks of smoking was administered to 100 students (53 men and 47 women) in the graduating class of 1993 at the cerrahpaşa medical school of istanbul. forty-three percent of the men and 27% of the women students were smokers. all but one of the 100 students were aware that smoking is a risk factor for both lung and laryngeal cancers, and 44% of the smokers believed that cessation of smoking by the smoking population c ...	1995	7669536
traumatic spinal cord injuries in istanbul.		1996	8856859
[importation of cholera from turkey. case report of cholera acquired in istanbul].	following a short holiday in istanbul, a 41-year-old man developed severe infectious enteritis accompanied by exsiccosis, hypokalemia and renal insufficiency. the patient was initially treated symptomatically under the assumption that he had traveller's diarrhea or campylobacter enteritis. finally, cholera vibrios were detected in several stool samples. although turkey is not considered to be endemic for cholera, a number of cases originating there have now been diagnosed in germany. for the dia ...	1996	9119347
environmental pollution and carcinogenic risk.	in this study, the relationship between environmental pollution and environmental carcinogens has been investigated. there is an alarming increase of diverse natural and man-made carcinogens in consumer goods and industrial wastes. research carried out in ankara and istanbul has found detergents and arsenic in the drinking water to be 140 times higher than the world health organization (who standards. in addition, air pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, particles, and fumes have been determined t ...	1996	9216793
cancer patients psychological adjustment and perception of illness: cultural differences between belgium and turkey.	little is known about cultural differences in psychological adjustment and perception of illness (pi) during medical procedures in general and radiotherapy in particular. this study compares a turkish (tp) and a french speaking belgian (bp) population. a group of 296 consecutive patients attending the radiotherapy clinic of institut jules bordet, brussels, (n = 172) and oncology institute, capa-istanbul, (n = 124) were interviewed and assessed by a symptom checklist, the scl-90-r, at the beginni ...	1996	8961477
mpgn and hcv infection in istanbul, turkey.		1996	8672056
fungal spore concentrations in the atmosphere at the anatolia quarter of istanbul, turkey.	in this research, spore concentrations of cladosporium, alternaria, epicoccum, botrytis, leptosphaeria, polythrincium, ascospores, aspergillus, penicillium, basidiospores, uredospores, ustilago, torula, erysiphe, ganoderma, hyaline indeterminate and others in the atmosphere have been determined, and comparisons have been made between locations with both low and high spore concentrations. the importance of these air-borne fungal spores which cause allergy and asthma are emphasized in the paper fr ...	1996	8676281
incidence of h. influenzae in a day-care center.	in this study nasopharyngeal haemophilus influenzae flora of healthy children in a day-care center in istanbul were analyzed. nasopharyngeal cultures of 168 children between two and five years of age were obtained between december 1, 1992 and april 1, 1993 and investigated. h. influenzae was isolated in 104 cultures. h. influenzae type b (hib), type f and h. parainfluenzae were found 87 children (51.8%), 15 children (8.9%) and one child (0.6%), respectively, while non-typable h. influenzae was d ...	1996	8827896
women in dermatology, joint meeting of the international society of dermatology and the dermatology and venereology society, istanbul, turkey,june 8th, 1995.		1996	8984068
[pharmacies of the hospitals of istanbul during the ottoman era].		1996	11618632
[pharmaceutical societies in istanbul under the ottoman empire].		1996	11618639
[european pharmaceutical patent medicines delivered by the dispensaries of istanbul, turkey in 1850].		1996	11618681
a matter of planning the family.	turkey's population is expected to grow to 91 million by 2025, an increase of 50% over the current size, while istanbul's population of 10 million is growing by 4.5% annually. of the 2 million pregnancies annually in turkey, 560,000 end in miscarriage and maternal mortality rates are among the highest in the world. condoms, oral contraceptive pills, and abortions in turkey are, however, provided to clients free of charge. the story is briefly told of a 36-year-old turkish woman who, after hav ...	1996	12158131
habitat ii: city summit to forge the future of human settlements in an urbanizing world.	half of the world's population will be living in cities by the year 2000. 40% of urban residents worldwide, however, do not have access to safe drinking water or adequate sanitation and more than 60% of urban residents in some areas live in poverty. unemployment, homelessness, growing insecurity, rising pollution, and increasing vulnerability to disaster abound in cities. to discuss what can be done to cope with the overwhelming tide of urbanization, un member states will convene in istanbul ...	1996	12320141
[contraceptive methods used in istanbul and factors affecting method choice and continuation].	this paper presents and discusses the results of a collaborative research to investigate use of modern versus traditional contraceptive methods in a new settlement area in istanbul. two lay interviewers administered a questionnaire to a total of 867 women on current and past contraceptive use. 90% (778) of the 867 currently nonpregnant women of mean age 31.4 years were using a method of contraception at the time of the study. the majority of women practicing contraception (46%) employed withd ...	1996	12320795
the urban generation: heirs to the new urban future, youth plan to make their presence felt in istanbul.	un statistics indicate that youth comprise up to 30% of the world's population. as almost one-third of humanity, youth deserve to actively participate in debates which will influence the future of their world. accordingly, a large group of youth has been working with the habitat ii secretariat, governments, and nongovernmental organizations to create channels for youth participation and involvement in habitat ii. youth can also bring a great deal more to the habitat process than just sheer nu ...	1996	12293679
the quality of family planning services in two low-income districts of istanbul.	this study examined quality of care (qoc) among a sample of 378 women from two low-income communities (sefakoy and halkali in kucukcekmece district) in istanbul, turkey, in 1992. data were obtained from questionnaires and site visits with structured checklists. istanbul's tfr was 2.2 in 1990, but fertility varies within the city by socioeconomic factors. the growth rate is 4.5%. sefakoy has had a home visitor project since 1991 that trains community women to serve as family planning counselo ...	1997	12321336
female-headed households in turkey and socio-demographic and economic characteristics of female household heads.	this study examines the welfare of female-headed households in turkey during 1978-93. data were obtained from the 1978 turkish fertility survey, the 1987 household income and consumption expenditures survey, the 1988 turkish population and health survey, and the 1993 turkish demographic and health survey. duben and behar (1996) report that female headship was 19.3% in 1885 and 14.7% in 1907 in istanbul. about 40% of female heads of household were living alone in 1885 and 1907. in 1993, the ...	1997	12321339
asking questions about women's reproductive health: validity and reliability of survey findings from istanbul.	in countries where population-based data on health problems are scarce, the extent of reproductive morbidity can be estimated from replies in structured interviews as a complement or as an alternative to reports from physician's examination and laboratory tests. we examined the sensitivity and specificity of detected morbidity based on these replies as compared to medical diagnoses and explored the consistency of replies when the questionnaire was administered twice, by two types of interviewers ...	1997	9018302
tobacco, alcohol use, and risks of laryngeal and lung cancer by subsite and histologic type in turkey.	effects of tobacco smoking and alcohol use on risks of cancers of the larynx and lung have been evaluated extensively in industrialized countries. few studies on the effect of these risk factors have been reported from developing countries. we conducted a case-control study to evaluate risks of laryngeal and lung cancers in men by subsite and cell type in relation to smoking and alcohol drinking in turkey, a country where smoking and alcohol consumption patterns are different from those in indus ...	1997	9328195
cemil topuzlu pacha and his arterial suture technique.	cemil topuzlu pacha (1868-1958) is known to be one of the most famous surgeons in turkey through the early decades of the twentieth century. being a talented and courageous surgeon, he performed many of the avoided operations of that time. he presented his vascular suture techniques at the international medical congress in moscow in august 1897 and at the annual congress of the societe de chirurgie de paris in july 1904. he reported 2 cases of arterial tear during breast carcinoma resection and ...	1997	9354564
ten steps for successful breast-feeding: assessment of hospital performance, its determinants and planning for improvement.	this paper discusses results from a project which aims to document the maternity hospital practices in istanbul within the context of ten steps for successful breastfeeding. instruments developed for use in hospital level implementation of the who/unicef baby friendly hospital initiative were used in five hospitals (two public and three private). no hospital was implementing all ten steps. a core hospital team on lactation management and a sufficient number of health personnel skillful in breast ...	1997	9088636
contraceptive choice and reproductive morbidity in istanbul.	a cross-sectional survey was conducted in istanbul to investigate the relationship between contraceptive choice and reproductive morbidity. altogether, 918 women who had ever used any means of avoiding pregnancy were interviewed at home, and, among these, 694 parous nonpregnant women were examined by three female physicians. the women were aware of bearing a considerable burden of ill health, with 81 percent reporting at least one episode of illness in the three months prior to the interview. cu ...	1997	9097384
the extent of leprosy-related disabilities in istanbul leprosy hospital, turkey.	this study was carried out between january and december 1992 at the istanbul leprosy hospital. seven hundred and eleven leprosy patients were evaluated according to their age, gender and type of disease and disability according to the who disability grading system (1980). there were 527 males (74.2%) and 184 females (25.8%) in the group. the average age was 50.0 +/- 13.5 years and the average duration of disease was 25.9 +/- 13.2 years. six hundred and seventy-eight patients (95.4%) were in bord ...	1997	9121331
prevalence of childhood asthma in istanbul, turkey.	in order to determine the asthma prevalence in 6-12-year-old schoolchildren in istanbul, we issued 2350 questionnaires, according to isaac criteria, in six randomly selected city primary schools to be completed at home by parents. a total of 2232 of the questionnaires were completed, an overall response rate of 94.9%, and 2216 questionnaires were taken into consideration. the prevalence of asthma was found to be 9.8% and wheezing 15.1%. to investigate the effect of socioeconomic status on the pr ...	1997	9201370
life story of dr. hulusi behçet.	dr. hulusi behçet was born on february 20, 1889 in istanbul. he graduated from gülhane military medical academy in 1910 and then he specialized in dermatology and venereal diseases. he served in the edirne military hospital between 1914-1918 and then went to budapest and berlin to improve his knowledge. in 1923, he started at the istanbul medical faculty as an academic staff and with university reform in 1933, he was appointed as a professor to department of dermatology and venereal diseases and ...	1997	9509901
screening of sex workers in turkey for chlamydia trachomatis.	increasing migration of sex workers across east european borders into turkey has resulted in increased arrests of unregistered sex workers. there is concern regarding the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (std) such as c. trachomatis in this unregulated group.	1997	9383845
university of istanbul, institute of oncology.		1997	9211536
rationale for early tangential excision and grafting in burn patients.	early excision and grafting of the burn wound in the first 9 days remain the keys to survival for patients with major burn injuries. in the last 7-year-period, 54 major burn cases were treated in our burn facility, the only burn center in istanbul. early excision and grafting were performed to 32 of them, admitted in the first week. others were admitted later and managed conservatively. their follow-up results in terms of mortality and morbidity rates were compared. in addition to improvement in ...	1997	9212485
rare beta-thalassemia mutation in a turkish patient: fsc-36/37 (-t).	we describe the rare beta-thalassemia mutation at codons 36/37 (-t) for the first time in turkey. the propositus is a turkish patient with beta-thalassemia major who originated in adana but now resides in istanbul. molecular analysis revealed a compound heterozygosity for the common eastern mediterranean mutation ivs-i-110 (g-a) along with mutation fsc-36/37 (-t). the fsc-36/37 (-t) mutation could have arisen somewhere in the region, including northern iran and the inaccessible mountainous regio ...	1997	9057349
traumatic spinal cord injuries in istanbul.		1997	9076873
molecular and population genetic analyses of beta-thalassemia in turkey.	in this report we describe the molecular analysis of 795 chromosomes derived from unrelated turkish beta-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia carriers identified in hematology clinics in istanbul, ankara, izmir, adana, and antalya. the determination of the molecular pathology of 754 beta-thalassemia and 42 abnormal hemoglobin genes and analysis of the frequency distribution in six distinct regions of turkey was accomplished. the experimental strategy, based on pcr amplification of the beta-globin ...	1998	9495372
the effect of prior bcg vaccination on the clinical and radiographic presentation of tuberculosis meningitis in children in istanbul, turkey.	department of pediatrics, istanbul university faculty of medicine, istanbul, turkey, between january 1984 and december 1996.	1998	9848608
ophthalmic findings of newly diagnosed leprosy patients in istanbul leprosy hospital, turkey.	the objective of this study was to detect ocular lesions of newly diagnosed leprosy cases admitted to istanbul leprosy hospital. the patients were categorized according to sex, age, type of leprosy and duration of the disease. their eyes were categorized as with or without ocular findings due to leprosy. the total number of patients was 21. the mean age was 22+/-4.6 years, the duration of the disease was 36.3+/-19.6 months. madarosis was the most common finding in this group. it was found in 15 ...	1998	9541444
sex determination from the ribs of contemporary turks.	there have been several in-depth studies showing that the sternal extremity of the fourth rib can be used in estimating age as well as in determining sex, as illustrated in north american whites and blacks. yet biological differences between populations may preclude the cross-application of standards. to test this hypothesis and develop a sex determination standard for the turkish population, a sample of the sternal ends of the fourth rib was collected from 294 individuals autopsied in istanbul, ...	1998	9544535
the impact of outdoor pollution on upper respiratory diseases.	we evaluated the prevalence of upper airway diseases among two groups living in areas with different pollution levels. the study was conducted among highschool students living in bayrampasa (an area polluted by so2 and total suspended particulates) and beykoz (an unpolluted residential area) in istanbul (n = 386). each subject filled out a standardized zelf-administered questionnaire. also, anterior active rhinomanometry was performed to objectively evaluate the symptoms in all students. a signi ...	1998	9569438
[a brief history of the development of turkish pharmacognosy].	1839-1909: the foundation period: the education of pharmacy through the apprenticeship system ended up as a "pharmacology branch" of the "military medical school" which was founded in 1839 in istanbul during the ottoman empire. a "civil pharmacology branch" was founded in 1867. the education of pharmacognosy, called "matiere medicale" and "mufredat-i tip" too, was started during this period. 1909 (1913)-1945: the institutionalization period; the education of pharmacognosy as it is understood tod ...	1998	11624177
hospital care of madness in the turk sixteenth century according to the witness of g.a. menavino from genoa.	early in the sixteenth century g.a. menavino from genoa, a twelve-year-old, became a slave at the court of constantinople. his observations on the customs of the turks, published in nenice in 1548 and in florence in 1551, discuss some of the city's public buildings, including timerahane which was devoted to the care and punishment of the mentally ill. in menavino's description, mad people were taken to timerahane in chains and shackled to the beds, in the care of warders who punished or reward ...	1998	11620007
[marcel labbe's (1870-1937) conferences in istanbul university medical school].	marcel labbe, a french physician, who was famous with his studies on nutrition and diabetes, visited istanbul three times, in 1908, 1922 and 1930. during his second visit in 1922, he gave seven lectures at istanbul university medical school about diabetes mellitus, hyperglysemia of diabetics, acidosis, nefrotic diseases, liver insufficiency, endocrin diseases and anaphylactia. these lectures were translated and published in turkish. during his third visit he lectured on paradiabetes and visited ...	1998	11624167
[hernia surgeons of scutari, istanbul].	the ottoman capital was constituted of four judicial regions (mevleviyet, molla kursusu): istanbul (within the citywalls), galata (the roumelian side of bosphorous from kasimpasha to rumelifeneri), eyup (western bank of the golden horn and scutari. since one judicial court did not suffice for this spacious area, each region was subdivided into districts (niyabets) called mamure and cedide where a large collection of records registered chronologically were reserved at the law court archives. i ha ...	1998	11624189
[from mithridates to mesir].	mesir, an antidote, a theriaca, an anatolian preparation of mithridaticum will be studied in this paper, based on two kinds of information related with the history of medicine and folklor: 1- the folkloric approach derived and flourished around manisa and merkez efendi. the authentic character of mesir in view of medical and cultural history. merkez efendi who lived in manisa (anatolia) in the late 15th century was a man of religion initiating novices at hafsa sultan lodge, and upon shaikh sumb ...	1998	11624190
professor unver and istanbul.		1998	11624184
[european physician - travellers and the ottoman empire].	the ottoman empire has always been a centre of attraction for the west all through its history. on the occasion of various reasons, western travellers visited the empire and published a great deal of journals, pamphlets, books and memoirs of their journeys in the country based on their impressions, observations, experiences and missions etc. most of these books of travel were printed, though some of them sank into oblivion in manuscripts in the european archives and libraries. unfortunately we d ...	1998	11624191
[military pharmacology education outside the imperial school of medicine].	in 1870, just after starting medical education in turkish at the imperial school of medicine (mekeb-i tibbiye-i sahani) favor in the pharmacology and surgery courses decreased; and even pharmacology graduates continued their education to be physicians. this change gave rise to the shortage of pharmacists and surgeons in the army, and consquently in 1873 the branch of surgery and in 1876 pharmacology were inaugurated at the haydarpasa military hospital. those who had studied at this hospital for ...	1998	11624192
[the punishment of a pharmacist in istanbul in 1853].	yakop who ran a pharmacy in istanbul was accused of malpractice in 1853. the pharmacist had prepared a bottle of cod liver oil for a patient and a bottle of croton oil for another one. he had neglected to label the bottles which were administered by mistake to the patients by his apprentice. the patient who drank a spoonful of croton oil was intoxicated immediately and died. as soon as the event was reported, the police asked the deceased person's family if they intended to sue the pharmacist. t ...	1998	11624174
clenbuterol as a marker in baits for oral vaccination of dogs against rabies.	clenbuterol was investigated as a potential marker of baits for the oral vaccination of dogs (canis familiaris) against rabies in turkey. orally administered clenbuterol is incorporated into the hair fibre during hair growth, and the uptake of clenbuterol into the hair of 18 dogs was therefore investigated in a controlled laboratory experiment. clenbuterol could be detected in the hair of the dogs 28 and 56 days after they had eaten a bait containing 0-5 mg clenbuterol. in a field study, 150 bai ...	1998	9717220
[report on the congress on treatment and studies on multiple sclerosis, istambul (turkey), nov. 2-5, 1997].		1998	9760565
kaposi's sarcoma after renal transplantation in turkey.	in this report, incidence and clinical characteristics of kaposi's sarcoma (ks) were retrospectively analyzed among renal transplant recipients who were being followed-up in the outpatient clinic of the istanbul school of medicine. between october 1983 and december 1997, 17 cases of ks were diagnosed among 557 patients (3%). of the total 25 post-transplant malignancies, ks was the most common tumor, representing a rate of 68%. diagnosis was suspected with typical skin lesions and was confirmed b ...	1998	9787959
[mushroom poisoning in turkey].	mushroom poisoning constitutes the main part of plant intoxications in turkey. not only in rural areas, but also in istanbul, gathering mushrooms is a habit among villagers who have moved to the city and settled in the vicinity of a forest. phalloides syndrome, pantherina syndrome and gastro-intestinal syndrome are the most frequently encountered types of mushroom poisonings. amanita phalloides which is growing widely in istanbul forests is responsible for many serious cases every year. haemoper ...	1998	9805824
negotiating reproduction and gender during the fertility decline in turkey.	this paper is concerned with the cultural construction of reproduction and gender in turkey as it relates to the remarkable decline from high levels of fertility to near-replacement levels. it critiques demographic transition theory and family systems theory as found in the turkish demographic discourse. a combination of ethnographic and demographic methodologies are used. the ethnographies are from working-class communities in istanbul. a concept of negotiated conduct is used to interpret famil ...	1998	9690839
shared epitope homozygosity' is strongly associated with rheumatoid arthritis in turkey. istanbul rheumatology study group.	associations with hla-drb alleles, implicated in the aetiopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (ra), are found to be different in various ethnic groups. this study aimed to investigate drb1 alleles in ra patients in turkey.	1998	9825754
impact of air pollution on prevalence of rhinitis in istanbul.	the effects of air pollution on health are of concern worldwide. there are several pollutants of concern, among which are sulfur dioxide, total suspended particulates, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and volatile organic chemicals. in several studies, researchers investigated the effects of those pollutants on lung and nasal functions, although in very few studies has nasal function been addressed. we evaluated the effects of air pollution on the prevalence of rhinitis in a metropolitan of tu ...	1999	10025416
elevated hepatic lipase activity and low levels of high density lipoprotein in a normotriglyceridemic, nonobese turkish population.	low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (hdl-c) are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and, in the united states, are often associated with hypertriglyceridemia and obesity. in turkey, low hdl-c levels are highly prevalent, 53% of men and 26% of women having hdl-c levels <35 mg/dl, in the absence of hypertriglyceridemia and obesity. in this study to investigate the cause of low hdl-c levels in turks, various factors affecting hdl metabolism were assessed in normo ...	1999	10064731
changes in bone mineral density with age, menopausal status and body mass index in turkish women.	the aim was to evaluate changes in bone mineral density (bmd) with age and body mass index (bmi) in healthy pre- and postmenopausal women living in the urban areas of turkey.	1999	11910678
[tahya efendi fountain-the resurrection].	eighteenth century, ottoman fountain "yahya efendi ceşmesi 1735" was ruined and its stones removed in 1982. due to administrative and burocratic impediments in turkish official courses; it took sixteen years to rebuilt and/or reconstruct the fountain in cerrahpaşa medical school court-yard in 1998. reconstruction was held by cerrahpaşa department of obstetrics and gynecology and supported by university of istanbul. the aim of this article is to show the difficulties faced during its reconstructi ...	1999	14598821
[medical sciences in the byzantine-ottoman area, from the emergence of anatolian emirats to the fall of constantinople (end 13th -half 15th)].	this article is a short analysis of the first activities of medecine and hospitals in the turcoman and ottoman anatolia (end of xiiith-middle of xvth). we also ask the question of relationships between turkish and byzantine medical sciences until the fall of constantinople.	1999	11624561
[byzantine therapeutics in the ottoman world].	the medical literature of the greek speaking ottoman world was deeply influenced by its byzantine heritage: the major authors were copied and commented, while practical manuals containing recipes and therapies - the iatrosophia- kept being enlarged with useful information. furthermore, during the first centuries hospitals closely followed the models of their glorious past in what concerns architecture, scientific level, means and targets. in fact, only the years after 1770 rely on occidental aca ...	1999	11624562
the effects of different levels of air pollution on atopy and symptoms of allergic rhinitis.	we evaluated the prevalence of symptoms of allergic rhinitis and atopy among two groups living in areas with different pollution levels. the study was conducted among high school students living in bayrampaşa (polluted by so2 and tsp) and beykoz (unpolluted, residential area) in istanbul (n = 386). each subject filled out a standardized self-administered questionnaire. atopic status was evaluated by skin-prick testing using eight different allergens. also, anterior active rhinomanometry was perf ...	1999	10392236
intra- and perioral shooting fatalities.	determination of the manner of death in the case of intra- and perioral firearm wounds can be difficult especially if death scene investigation is unclear and inadequate. in this study, we investigated some characteristics of these firearm wounds which were autopsied in istanbul. during the 5-year period from 1991 through 1995, there were 15 intra- and perioral firearm fatalities investigated. in all the cases, only one shot was fired into the mouth. they constituted 1% of all the firearm fatali ...	1999	10404633
viral lower respiratory tract infections in children in istanbul, turkey.		1999	10048697
the epidemiology of onychomycoses in istanbul, turkey.	between september 1995 and september 1997, 1840 patients attending our mycology department were suspected as having onychomycoses. of the patients 985 were females and 855 were males. a total of 426 finger nail and 1414 toe nail scrapings were examined. both microscopic and culture tests were carried out for each specimen. in 759 cases positive fungal cultures were found and 1081 cases were determined as negative. one fungal species was isolated from 715 specimens, in 44 of the cases two differe ...	1999	10424104
the istanbul protocol: international standards for the effective investigation and documentation of torture and ill treatment.		1999	10509518
the forensic evaluation of dental injuries in istanbul, turkey.	when a person is wounded in turkey, he first attends hospital for treatment. the hospital is responsible for a report describing his injuries and their treatment and prognosis. the patient is then scanned by a specialist in forensic medicine who provides a final official report. in that report the lesions, the prognosis (including whether the injuries are life threatening or not) and the projected days away from daily activity are shown. in this study 18,317 cases which were examined in the seco ...	1999	10629966
deaths among homeless people in istanbul.	the number of the homeless people in istanbul, one of the largest cities in the world, is at present unknown. there has been no previous study in turkey on cases and causes of death occurring among these individuals. in this paper, documents and autopsy reports of the mortuary section of the council of forensic medicine, istanbul, covering the period january 1st, 1991-december 31st, 1995, were reviewed. we established that there were 126 cases of death among homeless individuals in istanbul duri ...	1999	10077858
the department of molecular medicine at the university of istanbul, institute of experimental medical research.		1999	10203571
identification of the chinese ivs-ii-654 (c-->t) beta-thalassemia mutation in an immigrant turkish family: recurrence or migration?	in this study we describe the chinese ivs-ii-654 (c-->t) beta-thalassemia mutation for the first time in an immigrant turkish family living in istanbul and originating from xanthe, greece. four members of the family, representing 3 generations, are heterozygous for this mutation. a detailed family history demonstrated a greek origin for members of 5 generations with no records of migration or consanguineous marriages. analysis of polymorphic nucleotides located at the 5' end of the beta-globin c ...	1999	10222649
[some documents on the education in the ottoman medical school].	after the foundation of the ottoman medical school in 1838 in galatasaray in istanbul, we have examined in the ottoman archives some documents about the physician and professors who are in charge of the ottoman medical school. we have learned with these documents that the chief physician abdülhâk molla was honored with a mension and an ordonnance was given by the sultan for the publication of his book, and in the chemical laboratory of the medical school all of the examinations are done without ...	1999	14598839
rudolf nissen's years in bosphorus and the pioneers of thoracic surgery in turkey.	rudolph nissen is one of the most distinguished pioneers in thoracic surgery, well known for his pneumonectomy operation performed for the first time in surgical history. he migrated to istanbul like most of his contemporary colleagues, avoiding the fascist regime in germany in the 1930s. he was enthusiastically welcomed in turkey and appointed as the chief of the first surgery clinic in istanbul university in 1933. he worked with discipline and in cooperation with his turkish colleagues, such a ...	2000	10735729
correlation between placental bed biopsy findings, vascular cell adhesion molecule and fibronectin levels in pre-eclampsia.	to determine the correlation between placental bed biopsy findings, and blood levels of the vascular cell adhesion molecule (vcam-1) and fibronectin in pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, and to evaluate the relationship between these variables and severity of the disease.	2000	10759271
natural immunity to haemophilus influenzae type b among healthy children in istanbul, turkey.		2000	10781236
acceptability of norplant at a well-woman clinic in turkey.	to make an assessment of the acceptability and cost of subdermal implants, a new method in turkey, in a free-choice environment.	2000	10943574
antimicrobial resistance of clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae in istanbul.		2000	10958574
questioning the psycho-socio-cultural factors that contribute to the cases of suicide attempts: an investigation.	suicide attempts can be described to include all actions taken by an individual to end their life as a result of acute desperation. in parallel with the changes in the make-up of human societies both globally and in this country in recent years, suicide attempts are receiving attention in ever increasing proportions. the current study is aimed at investigating the psycho-socio-cultural factors that contribute to the known cases of suicide attempts. the study included 116 cases admitted to the em ...	2000	10978640
the attitudes of medical students to autopsy.	to assess the attitudes of medical students to autopsy, 6th year students in the medical schools located in istanbul, edirne and bursa in turkey were asked to participate in a questionnaire. in the questionnaire, the main questions were on the number of autopsies they had attended, the number of autopsies they had participated in, their reaction to the first autopsy, whether they felt the conditions were adequate or not and what would their objectives be upon deciding to perform an autopsy. in t ...	2000	10978641
therapeutic drug monitoring in turkey: experiences from istanbul.	therapeutic drug monitoring (tdm) has assumed an important place in patient management in the last few decades. in this study, serum drug levels determined in 7759 specimens sent to the department of pharmacology and clinical pharmacology in 1994 and 1998 for tdm were retrospectively evaluated. monitored drugs were carbamazepine, valproate, phenytoin, phenobarbital, digoxin, theophylline, and salicylate. the comparison of the results obtained for the relevant 2 years showed that there was a rema ...	2000	11034259
factors influencing the variability of so2 concentrations in istanbul.	the correlation between sulfur dioxide (so2) concentrations measured at the european and asian sides of istanbul and meteorological parameters is investigated using principal component analysis (pca) and multiple regression analysis techniques. several meteorological parameters are selected to represent the atmospheric conditions during two winter periods: 1993-1994 and 1994-1995. six principal components are found to explain the majority of the observed meteorological variability. surface press ...	2000	10680367
bacterial nosocomial infections in mechanically ventilated children.	of 480 patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit of the institute of child health children's hospital in istanbul, 97 required mechanical ventilation (mv). sixty of these children were included in a retrospective analysis aiming to determine the frequency of and factors contributing to the development of nosocomial infections (ni). ni rate was 45 percent, ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) accounted for the greater part (66.7%) of the ni, followed by urinary tract infections (16. ...	2000	10731868
factor structure of the eating attitudes test (eat) in a turkish university sample.	the primary purpose of this study was to compare the factor structure of the eating attitudes test (eat) in a sample of turkish university students with both that of the original canadian study and that of a turkish study conducted ten years earlier.	2000	10840657
using the example of istanbul to outline general aspects of protecting reservoirs, rivers and lakes used for drinking water abstraction.	the six main drinking water reservoirs of istanbul are under the threat of pollution due to rapid population increase, unplanned urbanisation and insufficient infrastructure. in contrast to the present land use profile, the environmental evaluation of the catchment areas reveals that point sources of pollutants, especially of domestic origin, dominate over those from diffuse sources. the water quality studies also support these findings, emphasising that if no substantial precautions are taken, ...	2000	10842805
semi-occupational exposure to lead: a case study of child and adolescent street vendors in istanbul.	this study analyzed lead levels in scalp hair of child and adolescent street vendors in istanbul. the mean lead in hair concentration found among children exposed to intensive motor traffic, 11.82 +/- 6.89 microg/g, was over five times higher than that in the control group, 2.70 +/- 2.30 microg/g. vendors from a location with higher traffic density had significantly higher lead in hair levels, than vendors from a location with lower traffic density (14.18+/- 5.33 and 9.86 +/- 7.54 microg/g, resp ...	2000	10845780
phage types, antibiotic susceptibilities and plasmid profiles of salmonella typhimurium and salmonella enteritidis strains isolated in istanbul, turkey.	to examine 13 salmonella typhimurium and 22 s. enteritidis strains isolated from individual cases of gastroenteritis for their phage types, antibiotic susceptibilities and plasmid profiles.	2000	11168062
turkish folk medicinal plants, part iii: sile (istanbul).	in this paper, forty-three folk medicinal plants from sile (turkey) have been reported. among them 35 species were wild and eight species were cultivated plants. the folk medicinal plants have been mostly used for the treatment of eczema, stomach and kidney ailments, asthma, cough, diabetes, and wounds.	2000	11077175
a scholarship project for the children of leprosy patients in turkey.	most of the leprosy patients in turkey live in the rural areas of eastern and south-eastern anatolia. those living in the suburbs of the big cities of the western parts of the country have come there by immigration. nearly all patients are very poor; they have no land, or only a small amount of soil for cultivation. the incidence of deformities in our patients is high, excluding them from regular employment and a source of income. in turkey, it is obligatory to attend primary school, but after t ...	2000	10920616
the eating attitudes test (eat) in turkish university students: relationship with sociodemographic, social and individual variables.	the primary purpose of this study was to establish the frequency of abnormal eating attitudes and behaviours, as measured by the eating attitude test (eat 40) in a sample of turkish university students and to examine the relationship of such abnormalities to socio economic status, social and individual variables.	2000	11082794
prevalence of bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis in istanbul school children.	the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and their related symptoms in istanbul and to investigate the effect of socioeconomic status on the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis and whether there are differences between the prevalence of childhood asthma in the same and different regions as found in previous studies and our own. the study period was the 1996-1997 school year in three primary schools in istanbul. for proportional representation of h ...	2000	11142496
international nursing education: istanbul, turkey.	to assist turkish nurses in reaching educational standards and goals, an international neonatal program was developed that would incorporate a train-the-trainer module. the primary goal was to develop and teach a neonatal intensive care course while exposing identified trainers to content, theory, teaching strategies, and concepts. the expectations of the future trainers were to use the knowledge they obtained from the course to enable them to provide future neonatal intensive care courses and s ...	2000	10897556
prevalence of fiv and felv infections in cats in istanbul.		2000	11716594
the influence of information on social and occupational outcome in mental illness on the attitudes of students in turkey.	in this article, we have tried to evaluate the influence of a series of determinants of stigmatization of mental illness.	2000	11201938