Publications

the prevalence of hyostrongylus rubidus.		1977	888299
aujeszky's disease in a pack of hounds.	aujeszky's disease occurred in a pack of harrier hounds in the south west of england and caused the death of 11 of a pack of 51 animals. the onset appeared to have followed the feeding of pig carcase material from a very large fattening unit. no evidence of clinical disease was seen in pigs in this unit, but serological evidence of earlier infection was obtained. interesting lesions in the intestinal wall of the hounds are described.	1977	906226
domestic animal transport regulations.		1977	928643
[a tissue bank: aspects concerning its promotion and organization (author's transl)].	in spite of continued improvement in the production of artificial tissues, there are still many instances where replacement of the damaged part by a natural tissue grafts would be preferable. it is to satisfy this requirement that tissue banding has been developed. in this paper a brief description of the preparation of tissue grafts currently being carried out in the yorkshire regional tissue bank is given and the philosophy of tissue banking from a financial and scientifical point of view is e ...	1978	383111
a critical analysis of condemnation data for cattle, pigs and sheep 1969 to 1975.		1978	698775
tuberculosis of the peritoneal cavity.	the clinical presentation and management of 30 consecutive patients with tuberculous peritonitis are reviewed. seventy per cent of the patients were aged 40 years or less and 80 per cent were immigrants. the main clinical features of abdominal pain, loss of weight, vomiting and sweating at night had been present in a large number of patients for several months before presentation to hospital. the clinical diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis was difficult in the absence of extraperitoneal tuberc ...	1978	719333
isolation of legionnaires' disease organism in cambridge.		1978	82697
the prevalence of sarcocystis spp in dogs and red foxes.	protozoan parasites of the genus sarcocystis have been recognised for many years as intramuscular cysts of numerous vertebrates. it is only comparatively recently that the two-host nature of the life cycle has been recognised and that the intramuscular cysts are a stage in the developmental cycle of coccidian parasites of flesh eating mammals (fayer 1974, fayer and johnson 1973, 1974, rommel and others 1972, dubey 1976). carnivores ingest the intramuscular cysts from herbivores and presumably fr ...	1978	416553
legionnaires' disease in nottingham, england.	legionnaires' disease bacterium was identified as the cause of severe pneumonia in some nottingham, england, patients in 1977. laboratory studies were not restricted to nottingham but included several other areas in england. the 41 cases identified were evenly divided between areas; they also accounted for about one half of all cases for the entire country. no source of infection has been identified in these sporadic cases. there was no contact between patients, and only a few had travelled abro ...	1979	434639
group r streptococcal infection amongst pig meat handlers. a review.		1979	451122
heberden oration 1978. recent studies on the control of joint damage: the contribution of the strangeways research laboratory.		1979	485574
the treatment of acute accidental hypothermia: proceedings of a symposium held at the raf institute of aviation medicine.	a symposium was held at the raf institute of aviation medicine, farnborough, hampshire, on feb. 28, 1978. the purpose of the meeting was to distill up-to-date expert opinion to provide advice for those faced with the treatment of victims of exposure or cold water immersion. in particular, it was intended to recommend practical measures which could be employed in the field. however, it soon became apparent that there are large gaps in our knowledge of the physiology of hypothermia. these made the ...	1979	496754
aujeszky's disease--why no eradication policy.		1979	516318
the influence of environmental temperature on the rate of development of ascaris suum eggs in great britain.	the rate of development of ascaris suum eggs was recorded during 18 months in england. every second or third week unembryonated eggs were placed in an unheated animal house and their development was observed at weekly intervals. eggs underwent no development during november to may. embryonation was most rapid during june, july and august. the shortest time for eggs to reach the infective stage was two weeks in 1976 and four weeks in 1977. a relationship was apparent between the rate of developme ...	1979	523803
the development and survival of trichuris suis ova on pasture plots in the south of england.	pasture plots in the south of england were contaminated each month throughout 1975 with pig faeces containing trichuris suis ova. at regular intervals thereafter, soil samples were taken, the t suis ova extracted and their state of development noted. depending on the time of year that the plots were contaminated, ova required between 62 and 90 weeks to complete their development to the infective stage. little or no development occurred during winter. once the infective stage was reached, the ova ...	1979	572984
the obstetrical use in ancient and early modern times of convolvulus scammonia or scammony: another non-fungal source of ergot alkaloids?	this brief historical survey documenting the use of ergot alkaloids throughout ancient times for obstetrical purposes (labor induction and control of uterine hemmorrhage) takes its data from works of theophrastus (who wrote enquiry into plants around 300 b.c.), pliny, dioscorides, and others. what this history documents is another source for the ergot besides the fungus clavicips purpurea; notations from greek, mexican, and english catalogers show that the family convolvulaceae is a constant so ...	1979	396416
otosclerosis-past and present.		1979	399645
proceedings of the first international conference for the standardisation of banded karyotypes of domestic animals. university of reading reading, england. 2nd-6th august 1976.		1980	6103884
the northumberland epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease, 1966.	the spread of foot-and-mouth disease during an epidemic in northumberland in july, august and september 1966 was analysed. although strong emitters, for example pigs, were not involved, in 18 of the 32 outbreaks spread could be attributed to the airborne route and in another 4, spread by this route was the most likely. airborne spread was in general between 1 and 8 km but on two occasions as much as 20 km. other means of spread included movement by animals, people and vehicles and carriage of vi ...	1980	7052228
a survey of gastrointestinal parasitism in pigs.	over a period of two years 180 pork pigs, 144 baconers and 144 sows from two slaughterhouses in northern england were examined for gastrointestinal parasites. sows showed the highest level and intensity of infection, 85 per cent harbouring the dominant parasites oesophagostomum dentatum and o quadrispinulatum; the highest worm burden recorded was 21,000. hyostrongylus rubidus was present in 28.5 per cent of sows but virtually absent from younger pigs. small numbers of ascaris suum and trichuris ...	1980	7257108
aujeszky's disease: need to press for eradication.		1980	7437111
the prevalence of brodetella bronchiseptica and turbinate (conchal) atrophy in english pig herds in 1978-79.	examination of pigs (eight to 10 per farm) slaughtered between december 1978 and march 1979 at abattoirs in southern england indicated that infection with bordetella bronchiseptica was widespread. the organism was recovered from the nasal cavity of 424 out of 844 (50 per cent) of such pigs and these were distributed among 79 out of 86 (91 per cent) of the herds submitting animals. the sensitivity to sulphonamide or potentiated sulphonamide of 255 of these strains was determined: in 20 out of 70 ...	1980	7445392
campylobacter fetus subspecies jejuni: the need for surveillance.		1980	6768813
high prevalence of strains of bordetella bronchiseptica resistant to potentiated sulphonamide in english pig herds in 1978-79.		1980	7001722
skin sepsis in meat handlers: observations on the causes of injury with special reference to bone.	outbreaks of wound infection with streptococcus pyogenes and staphylococcus aureus occurred in a abattoir and a pork-processing factory in autumn 1980. investigations showed that staff handling the meat before de-boning were particularly affected and that bone was the cause of 48% of the wounds which became clinicially infected. of the total isolates of strep. pyogenes and staph. aureus from wounds of known cause 75% were from lesions caused by bone. in one outbreak streptococcal infection was ...	1981	7031129
prevalence and clinical significance of leptospiral antibodies in pigs in england.	the results of leptospiral serology conducted on porcine sera at the central veterinary laboratory, weybridge from 1971 to 1978 were collated and analysed. sera were available from diagnostic submissions (1622) and from pigs intended fro export (5031). a random sample of 792 sera from 34 herds was also examined. the overall prevalence of infection was low. copenhageni titres were present in 7.9 per cent of diagnostic submissions and a statistical association with jaundice was shown in piglets an ...	1981	7257119
serological and bacteriological survey of leptospiral infection in pigs in southern england.	a total of 597 pigs were examined for serological and bacteriological evidence of leptospiral infection. the sample comprised 189 porkers, 205 baconers and 203 sows. sera were tested against 17 antigens from 16 serogroups and the overall prevalence of titres was 15.7 per cent. the lowest prevalence of titres was found in porkers (10.0 per cent). the highest prevalence of titres to an individual antigen was recorded with bratislava, a member of the australis serogroup, with 12.2 per cent of pigs ...	1981	7323462
investigation into the spread of swine dysentery in 25 herds of east anglia and assessment of its economic significance in five herds.	of 25 outbreaks of swine dysentery investigated, 22 were considered to have resulted from the purchase of pigs from farms known to be infected, two from the introduction of treponema hyodysenteriae on the boots of the stockman, and one from the accidental entry of infected pigs into a 'closed' herd. the hidden costs of swine dysentery in terms of an increased food conversion ratio may be more than four times the cost of medication. a method of halting the spread of disease is described.	1981	7324356
use of prediction models to forecast and analyse airborne spread during the foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in brittany, jersey and the isle of wight in 1981.	between march 4 and 26, 1981 the french veterinary authorities reported a series of 14 outbreaks of disease due to type o foot-and-mouth (fmd) virus, 13 in brittany and one in normandy. the united kingdom reported fmd type o in jersey on march 19 and in the isle of wight on march 22. the field and laboratory investigations on the farm in the isle of wight are outlined. the way in which short and long range numerical models were used to forecast the airborne spread of fmd from brittany to the uk ...	1982	7064324
observations on clinical aspects of transmissible gastroenteritis of pigs in norfolk and suffolk, 1980-81.	outbreaks of transmissible gastroenteritis in 56 breeding units, six maiden gilt sites and 64 fattening units were investigated during the period december 1980 to october 1981. the disease invariably occurred in classical virulent form, resulting in very high mortality in baby piglets. reproductive sequelae were sometimes evident. individual outbreaks continued for longer than in previous years. there was a high rate of recrudescene, particularly in large breeding units, and infection also persi ...	1982	7101704
some haematological data for fallow deer (dama dama) in england.	the concentrations of haemoglobin, erythrocytes and leucocytes and the packed cell volume, plasma viscosity and some red cell indices were measured in the blood of 42 fallow deer and analysed with respect to age, season and sex. the mean haemoglobin concentration was greater in females than in males. in all the deer the number of leucocytes was considerably smaller than in the usual domestic mammals, namely, cats, cattle, dogs, goats, horses, pigs and sheep. plasma viscosity was statistically gr ...	1982	7146629
the prevalence of nasal turbinate atrophy in british centrally-tested pigs.		1982	7150942
tge of pigs.		1982	7157613
campylobacter jejuni/coli in abattoirs and butchers shops.		1982	7185998
chemical transmission: exploitation and follow up.		1982	6131713
antagonists of alpha adrenoceptors and adrenergic transmission.		1982	6131714
long distance transport of foot-and-mouth disease virus over the sea.	the conditions required for the transport of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus in the atmosphere over long distances and in sufficient concentrations to cause infection in exposed animals are described. using these factors a series of 23 outbreaks of fmd in europe, where the original outbreaks were separated from later outbreaks by sea passage, have been investigated. the findings obtained support the hypothesis that under certain conditions the airborne transmission of fmd over a long sea pass ...	1982	6278697
serovar identification of leptospires of the australis serogroup isolated from free-living and domestic species in the united kingdom.	eighteen isolates from the australis serogroup from free-living and domestic animals were identified using the cross agglutination absorption test. serovar muenchen was found only in england and wales in wood mice, short tailed and bank voles, a grey squirrel and a pig. serovar bratislava was found in hedgehogs in england, wales and northern ireland and also in a brown rat from northern ireland. serovar bratislava was isolated from sheep in both england and northern ireland and from horses in no ...	1983	6622847
aujeszky's disease: past, present and future.		1983	6649359
the incidence and level of contamination of british fresh sausages and ingredients with salmonellas.	a five-tube most probable number (mpn) method, with the pre-enrichment and enrichment stages, was used in a study of the incidence of salmonella contamination of british fresh sausages and the ingredients used in their manufacture. all samples were taken from a large factory in the course of routine production. there was an incidence of 65% contamination of pork (n = 20) and 55% (n = 20) in pork and beef sausages. the incidences of contamination of uncooked ingredients varied from 95% for mechan ...	1983	6339611
the first experiment in obstetrical anesthesia.		1983	6359967
an investigation of the causes and of the financial loss of rejection of pig carcasses and viscera unfit for human consumption. i. studies at one abattoir.		1984	6487994
infection by leptospires of the pomona serogroup in cattle and pigs in south west england.	leptospires belonging to the pomona serogroup were isolated from calves involved in two outbreaks of acute haemolytic disease which were characterised by jaundice, haemoglobinuria and high death rates. retrospective case studies in which serological evidence of pomona serogroup infection was found are also presented. serovar pomona is the leptospire of the pomona serogroup most commonly incriminated in clinical disease in domestic species, but the organisms isolated in this study were antigenica ...	1984	6495570
strategy for marketing preventive medicine.		1984	6541827
analysis of a series of outbreaks of aujeszky's disease in yorkshire in 1981-82: the possibility of airborne disease spread.	a series of outbreaks of aujeszky's disease occurred in yorkshire during 1981-82. these were investigated from epidemiological and meteorological viewpoints to determine if airborne disease spread could have occurred between any of the premises. the results suggest that seven out of the 11 outbreaks investigated could have resulted from airborne virus.	1984	6730233
streptococcus suis type 2 in british pig herds.		1984	6735486
avian tuberculosis in pigs: mycobacterium intracellulare infection in a breeding herd.	lymphadenitis of pigs caused by mycobacterium intracellulare is widely recognised in continental europe but this is the first report of it in england. no disease was seen on the farm but condemnations of tissues and organs at the slaughterhouse were often than 100 a week and in one week were in excess of 200. the loss was greater to the slaughterhouse than to the farmer because of the constant disruption to the production line. there was no evidence that diseased pigs performed less well than he ...	1984	6740882
atypical rotaviruses in pigs and cattle.		1984	6322407
streptococcal meningitis in pigs.		1985	3875923
[heparin or heparins?].		1985	3982682
taenia hydatigena: a cause of persistent liver condemnations in lambs.	a problem of high levels of liver condemnations which had affected bought-in lambs fattened on a north yorkshire farm for several years was investigated. because the farmer spread pig slurry on the land, migrating ascaris suum larvae were initially suspected as a cause but the investigation eliminated this possibility. migrating taenia hydatigena larvae were found in tissue sections and isolated from livers. a combination of parasitological and serological evidence using oncospheral antigen in a ...	1985	4002589
is salmonellosis still a serious problem in veterinary practice?	salmonella infections of food animals are of concern to both the food industry and to the public health authorities. salmonellosis is one of the major zoonotic diseases and its impact on veterinary practice may be judged by a number of criteria. some of these are examined to determine the extent of the problem.	1985	4013036
prevalence of pig herds affected by pleuropneumonia associated with haemophilus pleuropneumoniae in eastern england.	a survey for the macroscopic lesions indicative of pneumonic infection in the pig with haemophilus pleuropneumoniae was made in an abattoir in eastern england. a total of 78 herds located in 11 counties of eastern or central england were seen between december 1982 and august 1983. lesions were noted in the batches submitted by 44 (56 per cent) of the 78 herds. a further 16 herds (21 per cent) submitted batches containing pigs affected by pleurisy principally of the caudal lobes but without the p ...	1985	4049707
less pasteurellosis in sheep.		1986	3716159
isolation and characterisation of intestinal spirochaetes.	faeces or rectal swabs from 1527 subjects were examined for the presence of intestinal spirochaetes by anaerobic culture on blood agar incorporating spectinomycin (400 mg/l). twenty three specimens (1.5%) were positive, and only one of these came from a patient with diarrhoea. all positive specimens came from either asians or known homosexuals. comparative tests showed a close phenotypic similarity between the human isolates and non-pathogenic porcine intestinal spirochaetes. these organisms dif ...	1986	3722407
living history--a biography of arthur b. chapman.		1986	3521282
tuberculosis in east sussex. iv. a systematic examination of wild mammals other than badgers for tuberculosis.	a detailed investigation of the possible role of wild mammals, other than badgers, in the maintenance of mycobacterium bovis in an area on the south downs of east sussex was carried out over 3 years. estimates of population sizes were made where possible and minimum sample sizes were selected to be 95% certain of including at least one infected animal if the prevalence was at least 5%. samples of wild mammals were taken from populations which had the highest potential direct or indirect contact ...	1986	3525673
the radiologist as guinea pig: radiation hazards to man as demonstrated in early radiologists, and their patients.		1986	3534263
radio-iodine in thyroid glands of swans, farm animals and humans, also in algae and river water from the thames valley, england.	a highly sensitive counting system has been used to measure radio-iodine in environmental samples from the thames valley. iodine-125 and occasionally iodine-131 have been found in the thyroid glands of most of the swans that have died on the river thames, the river wey and the grand union canal, and in algae and water samples from the thames and many of its tributaries. the presence of this activity is ascribed to the waste discarded into the drainage system by hospitals and research laboratorie ...	1986	3945795
the thickness of the alveolar capillary wall in the human lung at high and low altitude.	an ultrastructural study of lung biopsy specimens from an adult mestizo highlander from la paz (3800 m) and three lowlanders from london showed no significant difference in the thickness of the alveolar capillary wall, the thickness in the highlander being 0.65 micron and the range in the lowlanders being 0.57-0.69 micron. the thickness of the blood-air barrier in a mestizo girl of 4 years born and living in la paz was 0.47 micron. these findings suggest that the alveolar capillary wall in the a ...	1986	3947519
occurrence and transfection of a giardia virus.	the presence of virus-derived rna was investigated in 38 axenically growing giardia isolates from different geographic areas. the rna virus was demonstrated in giardia strains from humans in the u.s.a., england and the majority of strains from poland. two strains isolated respectively from a cat and a cavia also contained it. giardia strains from humans in belgium and israel did not contain this rna virus. transfection of the rna virus was accomplished from english and polish strains, as well as ...	1987	3574350
transmissible gastroenteritis in endemically infected breeding herds of pigs in east anglia, 1981-85.	endemic infection was a common sequel to primary outbreaks of transmissible gastroenteritis in large breeding herds of pigs in east anglia. the main clinical features of the disease were diarrhoea affecting sucking piglets aged about six days or more, diarrhoea among recently weaned pigs and brief episodes of overt clinical recrudescence in part of the herd. post mortem and bacteriological findings were often more suggestive of colibacillosis than transmissible gastroenteritis. in some herds, en ...	1987	3576922
comparative virulence of some english strains of haemophilus pleuropneumoniae serotypes 2 and 3 in the pig.	between 10(7.5) and 10(8.1) viable organisms of four english and one danish strain of haemophilus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 and five english strains of serotype 3 were inoculated intranasally into groups of conventional pigs. among the english isolates of both serotypes there were virulent and non-virulent strains. four of the serotype 2 strains, including the danish strain, and two of the serotype 3 strains produced varying degrees of pulmonary consolidation with abscess formation and pleuris ...	1987	3589166
field observations on the longevity of trichuris suis ova.		1987	3629887
group l beta-haemolytic streptococcal infection in meat handlers: another streptococcal zoonosis?	group l, beta-haemolytic streptococci can cause infection in dogs, pigs, cattle and sheep but there have been very few reports in man. in studies of skin infection in meat handlers we cultured group l streptococci from clinically infected wounds, impetigo and paronychia of 15 patients involved in the slaughter and processing of chickens and pigs. staphylococcus aureus was also present in eight (53%) of the lesions. at least five other infections with group l streptococci in meat and animal handl ...	1987	3678390
outbreaks of classical swine influenza in pigs in england in 1986.	serum samples from pig herds in great britain have been examined for antibodies to influenza virus since 1968. antibodies to h3n2 virus strains have been found since 1968 and the serological data presented here suggests that h3n2 virus strains continue to persist in the pig population. an outbreak of acute respiratory disease occurred in a 400-sow unit. the outbreak was characterised by coughing, anorexia, fever, inappetence and loss of condition. the gilts and weaners were affected and the morb ...	1987	2820111
porcine influenza outbreak in east anglia due to influenza a virus (h3n2)		1987	2832998
occurrence and properties of fy(att25)+ escherichia coli associated with diarrhoea in calves.	escherichia coli producing the adhesive antigen fy(att25) were isolated from 46 of 1341 (3.4 per cent) e coli isolated from calves on 20 of 164 (12.1 per cent) farms in scotland and england. twenty of the 46 calves had diarrhoea and in nine of these animals there were mixed infections with rotavirus, coronavirus, cryptosporidium and salmonella typhimurium. the f41 fimbrial adhesin was found on one of the fy(att25)+ e coli. this strain also produced heat stable enterotoxin. the remaining fy(att25 ...	1987	2889286
characterization of an influenza a (h3n2) virus isolated from pigs in england in 1987.		1988	2838122
clinical observations on seasonal infertility in sows in cornwall.	a summer infertility syndrome affected three commercial pig herds in cornwall and was associated with reduced conception rates. the affected sows were housed in kennel and yard accommodation for all or part of gestation. the provision of more shelter accommodation for the dry sows in all three herds resulted in improved fertility. it is concluded that weather conditions between may and september may have adversely affected the fertility of these semi-extensive pig herds.	1988	3201668
prevalence of pleurisy in pigs at slaughter.	the mean (+/- sd) batch prevalence of pleura stripping of finished pigs going for slaughter in four abattoirs in eastern england was 0.15 +/- 0.04, and the average batch proportion of lungs totally condemned was 0.23 +/- 0.05. there was a significant positive correlation between the number of carcases requiring total lung condemnation and the number of carcases requiring pleura stripping. there was no significant differences between the type of producer, the herd size or the mean batch live weig ...	1988	3218056
[visit to an internationally operated english pig breeding group].		1988	3381219
lung cancer in the meat industry.	routine statistics of occupational mortality and incidence of cancer have consistently shown high rates of lung cancer in butchers. possible explanations include infection by carcinogenic papilloma viruses, exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nitrites in the preservation of meat, or a confounding effect of tobacco. to explore these possibilities, we have examined the mortality of 1610 men employed at three british companies processing pork, beef, lamb, bacon, and other meat products ...	1989	2930728
the epidemiology of echinococcus granulosus in great britain. v. the status of subspecies of echinococcus granulosus in great britain.	twenty-five years ago williams and sweatman suggested that in great britain there are two subspecies of echinococcus granulosus--e. granulosus granulosus and e. granulosus equinus. echinococcus granulosus granulosus does not mature either in foxes or in horses: e. granulosus equinus will mature in either. the prepatent period of e. granulosus granulosus in the definitive host is about 42 days while that of e. granulosus equinus is about 70 days. each subspecies has a characteristic morphology. m ...	1989	2596902
the virulence characteristics of strains of escherichia coli isolated from cases of bovine mastitis in england and wales.	of 470 gram-negative facultative anaerobes isolated from cases of bovine mastitis in england and wales, 422 were identified as escherichia coli. the characteristics of 237 of these were investigated. guinea-pig red cell haemagglutinins were possessed by 86% of strains and 12% were resistant to d-mannose. none of the strains tested invaded vero cells. haemolysin, vero toxin and enterotoxin were produced by 5, 0.5 and 1% of strains, respectively. twenty-two percent were resistant to one or more an ...	1989	2669321
vocational training. my year as a guinea pig.	in the twilight of the first year of the new vocational training scheme i am reflecting on my metamorphosis from a naive dental student to vocational trainee and ultimately (hopefully) to competent clinician.	1989	2706169
anthrax outbreak.		1989	2800274
halothane and hepatitis. incidence, predisposing factors and exposure guidelines.	despite early controversy, it is now recognised that halothane anaesthesia may be followed by abnormalities of liver function. the resulting hepatitis may take 1 of 2 forms: in type i, there is a minor degree of disturbance of liver function shown by increased serum transaminases or glutathione-s-transferase in up to 25 to 30% of patients; subsequent re-exposure to halothane is not necessarily associated with evidence of liver damage. in contrast, type ii hepatitis is often associated with massi ...	1990	2178633
plasmid profile typing can be used to subdivide phage-type 49 of salmonella typhimurium in outbreak investigations.	plasmid profile typing has been used to subdivide phage-type 49 of salmonella typhimurium, the most common phage type in humans in england and wales since 1985. twenty profile patterns have been identified in 350 strains examined. four profile patterns have been identified in 143 isolates from patients infected in 33 epidemiologically unrelated incidents and two patterns have predominated, st49:62 and st49:62, 1. these patterns were also common amongst s. typhimurium phage-type 49 isolated from ...	1990	2182328
detection and distribution of toxigenic pasteurella multocida in pig herds with different degrees of atrophic rhinitis.	four herds of pigs were selected which had different degrees of clinical atrophic rhinitis and used different specific counter-measures. in two of them, the clinical signs occurred spasmodically and were slight. the sows, suckling pigs and growing pigs in all the herds were sampled for toxigenic pasteurella multocida. in one of the slightly affected herds (herd d), the weaners were moved to a second farm for finishing. no toxigenic p multocida were found at the breeding farm, but 50 per cent of ...	1990	2356600
dual infection from cooked meats?		1991	1669791
controls on blue-eared disease relaxed.		1991	1746112
'blue ear' disease of pigs.		1991	1897099
problems with vietnamese pot-bellied pigs.		1991	1926734
swine influenza.		1992	1285165
salmonella kedougou and cooked meats.		1992	1285242
outbreak of influenza in pigs.		1992	1314444
betel-nut chewing and asthma.	two asian patients admitted to hospital with acute severe asthma had been chewing betel nut immediately before the attacks. arecoline, a cholinergic alkaloid, is a major constituent of areca catechu (betel) nut and causes the euphoric effects. we sought an association between betel-nut chewing and bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients. in vitro, arecoline caused dose-related contraction of human bronchial smooth-muscle strips, with one-tenth the potency of methacholine. in a double-blind cha ...	1992	1349367
serology and anthrax in humans, livestock and etosha national park wildlife.	results are presented from a number of epidemiological studies using enzyme immunoassays (eia) based on the purified anthrax toxin antigens, protective antigen, lethal factor and oedema factor. studies on sera from a group of 62 human anthrax patients in turkey and from cattle in britain following two unrelated outbreaks of anthrax show that eia using protective antigen can be a useful diagnostic aid and will detect subclinical infections in appropriate circumstances. a serological survey on wil ...	1992	1582472
use of a dna-based test for the mutation associated with porcine stress syndrome (malignant hyperthermia) in 10,000 breeding swine.	to test the hypothesis that the mutation associated with porcine stress syndrome (pss; malignant hyperthermia) was present in a large proportion of north american and english swine, a simple and rapid laboratory protocol was used for cost-effective, large-scale diagnosis of susceptibility to pss. this pss test was applied to 10,245 breeding swine of various breeds from 129 farms in the united states, canada, and england. approximately 1 of 5 swine was a heterozygous carrier of the pss mutation, ...	1993	7901188
the wellcome prize lecture. a map of auditory space in the mammalian brain: neural computation and development.	the experiments described in this review have demonstrated that the sc contains a two-dimensional map of auditory space, which is synthesized within the brain using a combination of monaural and binaural localization cues. there is also an adaptive fusion of auditory and visual space in this midbrain nucleus, providing for a common access to the motor pathways that control orientation behaviour. this necessitates a highly plastic relationship between the visual and auditory systems, both during ...	1993	8240794
the problems of tracing a geographically widespread outbreak of salmonellosis from a commonly eaten food: salmonella typhimurium dt193 in north west england and north wales in 1991.	geographically widespread outbreaks involving commonly isolated organisms and where the vehicles of infection are commonly eaten foodstuffs pose particular difficulties at a technical and organizational level. an outbreak of salmonella typhimurium infection, affecting 39 people, spread over a wide area in north west england and north wales in april and may 1991, was detected thanks to the practice of sending specimens to the national reference laboratory where phage typing and characterizing of ...	1993	8270006
an inexpensive method of quality assessment in anastomosis workshops.	a method of comparing the quality of intestinal anastomoses performed in craft workshops is described. the equipment is readily available in any hospital, inexpensive and requires no technical construction. the apparatus accurately measures the intraluminal pressure at the first sign of anastomotic leak and a method of deriving the wall tension is explained. calculation of wall tension at the point of failure allows comparison of anastomoses of different size. an instructor can therefore monitor ...	1993	8277460
escherichia coli isolated from farm animals in england and wales between 1986 and 1991.	escherichia coli isolated from farm animals in england and wales between 1986 and 1991 were examined for their serogroup, fimbrial adhesin and toxin production, and resistance to antimicrobial drugs. among the 3595 porcine isolates the more common serogroups were o149, o8, o138, o147 and o157. the f4(k88) adhesin was detected in 21 per cent of the cultures, whereas the other adhesins were never present in more than 3 per cent during any year, although there was an upward trend in the prevalence ...	1993	8291172
porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus as a cause of persistent diarrhoea in a herd of breeding and finishing pigs.	a clinical and virological study of an outbreak of porcine epidemic diarrhoea in a combined breeding and finishing pig herd used elisa techniques to detect porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus in faeces and antibodies in blood. no seropositive pigs were found at the start of the outbreak. the first signs of the disease were observed in fattening pigs and the infection spread rapidly to pregnant sows, farrowing sows and their suckling pigs, gilts and weaners housed in separate barns. depression and d ...	1993	8383370
a comparison of multiple drug resistance in salmonellas from humans and food animals in england and wales, 1981 and 1990.	for salmonella typhimurium from humans in england and wales, the incidence of multiple resistance more than doubled over the 8-year period 1981-8 and, over the next 2 years, increased by a further 7%. from 1981 to 1988 both resistance and multiple resistance also increased significantly in s. virchow and although multiple resistance did not increase over the next 2 years, the overall incidence of resistance has continued to rise. in 1990 the majority of s. typhimurium from cattle were multiply-r ...	1993	8405147
a large outbreak of human salmonellosis traced to a local pig farm.	an outbreak of salmonella typhimurium definitive type (dt) 193 affecting 206 persons occurred in july and august 1989 in a small town in northern england. a descriptive study suggested that cold meats including pork from a butcher's shop in the town were vehicles of infection. an analytical study of a cohort attending a function in the town showed a significant association between illness and consumption of cold roast pork supplied by the butcher's shop (p = 0.00000004). s. typhimurium dt 193 wi ...	1993	8472766
swine influenza outbreaks in england due to a new h1n1 virus.		1993	8517008
the guinea pig club.	the "guinea pig club" was formed in 1941 by a group of airmen who had sustained grievous injuries--mostly serious burns of the hands and face--and been treated by a team of plastic surgeons led by a remarkable new zealander, archibald mcindoe, at the queen victoria hospital at east grinstead in england. the most senior "guinea pig" was tom gleave, a fighter pilot who had been shot down during the battle of britain, and who carried out his duties as "chief guinea pig" until his death in june 1993 ...	1994	8024526
zoonotic illness--determining risks and measuring effects: association between current animal exposure and a history of illness in a well characterised rural population in the uk.	to recruit a representative sample of farmworkers, accurately quantify the range and extent of their animal exposures, and measure the associated risks of illness.	1994	8189169