Publications

control of the synthesis of t4 phage deoxynucleotide kinase messenger ribonucleic acid in vivo.		1972	4264135
suppression of dna-arrested synthesis in mutants defective in gene 59 of bacteriophage t4.		1972	4550789
bacteriophage lysozyme synthesis in escherichia coli k-12(lambda) infected with rii mutant of bacteriophage t4.	when escherichia coli k-12(lambda) was infected with a t4rii bacteriophage, synthesis of lysozyme appeared at the normal time but stopped 15 min after infection. the lysozyme produced was 1% of the normal level.	1972	4552555
control by bacteriophage t4 of the reduction of adenosine nucleotide to deoxyadenosine nucleotide.		1972	4554915
hydrolysis of template and newly synthesized deoxyribonucleic acid by the 3' to 5' exonuclease activity of the t4 deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase.		1972	4555423
on the direction of reading of bacteriophage t4 gene 43 (deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase).	amber (am) mutants of the two closely linked sites, b22 and c125, in bacteriophage t4 gene 43 [deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) polymerase] synthesize in the nonpermissive (su(-)) escherichia coli host gene 43 products which are devoid of dna polymerase activity, but which retain a 3'-exonuclease activity. diethylaminoethyl-cellulose chromatographic analysis of dna polymerase and deoxyribonuclease activities from extracts of su(-) cells infected with single- and double-am mutants of t4 gene 43 showed ...	1972	4556512
effect of ionic strength, ph, amines and divalent cations on the lytic activity of t4 lysozyme.		1972	4559097
bacteriophage t4 transformation: an assay for mutations induced in vitro.		1972	4559688
initial step of excision repair in escherichia coli: replacement of defective function of uvr mutants by t4 endonuclease v.		1972	4561346
transcription of bacteriophage t4 dna by escherichia coli rna polymerase in vitro: identification of some immediate-early and delayed-early genes.		1972	4562318
effect of bacteriophage ghost infection on protein synthesis in escherichia coli.	the rate of protein synthesis by escherichia coli markedly decreased within 1 min after phage t4 infection, whereas a complete cessation of protein synthesis was observed within at least 25 sec after t4 ghost infection. the cellular level of amino acids and aminoacyl-transfer ribonucleic acid (trna) did not change drastically upon infection with ghosts, indicating that the inhibition of protein synthesis took place at a step(s) beyond aminoacyl-trna formation. the host messenger rna remained int ...	1972	4563594
on the direction of translation of the t4 deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase gene in vivo.		1972	4564567
ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase induced by bacteriophage t4. ii. allosteric regulation of substrate sepecificity and catalytic activity.		1972	4565081
intracellular events in canavanine-treated, t4-infected escherichia coli.		1972	4565615
a new gene of bacteriophage t4 determining immunity against superinfecting ghosts and phage in t4-infected escherichia coli.		1972	4555610
multiple and specific initiation of t4 dna replication.	partially replicated t4 dna molecules (prm) whose parental or progeny dna was labeled with bromodeoxyuridine budr was analyzed by gradual shearing followed by cscl banding of the sheared product. analysis of prm containing 18-mum replicated dna showed that each replicated region was 3- to 6-mum long, indicating three to 6 replicative sites per molecule. analysis of prm containing 9-mum replicated dna similarly indicated two to three replicated regions per molecule. dna from the replicated region ...	1973	4579821
t4 phage and t4 ghosts inhibit f2 phage replication by different mechanisms.		1973	4570288
effect of inhibition of macromolecule synthesis on the association of bacteriophage t4 dna with membrane.	the "mg(2+)-sarkosyl crystals" (m band) technique distinguishes between membrane-bound and free intracellular dna. this procedure was employed to investigate the nature of the reactions necessary to convert input t4 dna to a rapidly sedimenting form. energy poisoning inhibits this attachment reaction. neither protein nor dna synthesis appears to be required, but experiments with rifampin and extensively irradiated t4 suggest that rna synthesis is involved. these results were confirmed by a secon ...	1973	4573364
bacteriophage-coded thymidylate synthetase. evidence that the t4 enzyme is a capsid protein.		1973	4205742
escherichia coli mutants permissive for t4 bacteriophage with deletion in e gene (phage lysozyme).	escherichia coli mutants have been isolated that are permissive for the infection by t4 phage with deletion in the cistron for the phage lysozyme, the e gene. some, but not all, of these mutants are simultaneously permissive for the infection by t4 phage defective in the t gene, the product of which has also been implicated in the release of progeny phages. most of these mutants shared the following properties: temperature sensitivity in growth and cell division, increased sensitivity towards a ...	1973	4196251
on the role of deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase in determining mutation rates. characterization of the defect in the t4 deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase caused by the ts l88 mutation.		1973	4568816
replication of t4 dna in escherichia coli treated with toluene.	deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates are incorporated into t4 dna in infected cells treated with toluene. under the proper conditions the incorporation is controlled by the known t4 dna polymerase and proceeds by a semiconservative mechanism. both strands of the phage dna are replicated into a high molecular weight progeny molecule. the replication system is accessible to extracellular pancreatic dnase added to the reaction mixture. at early times after infection a second replication system, not un ...	1973	4586770
differential effects of sigma factor, ionic strength, and ribonucleoside triphosphate concentration on the transcription of phage t4 dna with ribonucleic acid polymerase of escherichia coli.		1973	4575182
control of t4 endonuclease iv by the d2a region of bacteriophage t4.		1973	4579886
purification of thioredoxin from escherichia coli and bacteriophage t4 by immunoadsorbent affinity chromatography.		1973	4582821
control of bacteriophage t4 dna polymerase synthesis.		1973	4583371
nondiscrimination of rna viral message in binding to 30s ribosomes derived from t4 phage infected escherichia coli.		1973	4575786
an electron microscopic analysis of pathways for bacteriophage t4 dna recombination.		1973	4588574
pyrimidine-ribonucleotide pools and their turnover in phage t4-infected escherichia coli cells.		1973	4590122
transcription units in bacteriophage t4.	we have investigated the possibility of assigning genes of t4 bacteriophage to their units of transcription (scriptons) by studying gene expression from uv-irradiated dna templates. since rna chains are prematurely terminated on uv-irradiated dna templates and since the promotor distal part of the rna chain is deleted, the expression of any gene is inversely proportional to the distance between the promotor and the promotor distal end of the gene. we find that the early genes, 43, 45 and riib, a ...	1973	4591053
post-transcriptional regulation of t4 enzyme synthesis.		1974	4601316
effects of mutator, antimutator and wild-type dna polymerase of t4 bacteriophage on mutation rates in rii cistrons of its own genome and in complemented amber mutants of gene 43.		1974	4597551
r-factor-mediated nuclease activity involved in thymineless elimination.	r-factor 1818 (r-1818) had no effect on the efficiency of plating of ligase-deficient phage t4 mutants on strains of escherichia coli containing excess, normal, or defective ligase. however, if the r(+) bacterial strain that overproduced ligase was first starved of thymine, its ability to propagate ligase-deficient phage was reduced by as much as fivefold compared with the burst size on the thymine-starved r(-) strain. in contrast, it was found that after ultraviolet irradiation of the host the ...	1974	4598004
detection of anti-estradiol antibodies and of 17beta-estradiol by means of a 17beta-estradiol-bacteriophage t4 conjugate. dependence of the haptenated phage reaction on several physical parameters.		1974	4606422
studies of the possibility that rna polymerase participates in mutagenesis in bacteriophage t4.		1974	4607112
maturation of the head of bacteriophage t4. iii. dna packaging into preformed heads.		1974	4610158
evidence for a complex regulating the in vivo activities of early enzymes induced by bacteriophage t4.		1974	4612038
the transformation of tau particles into t4 heads. ii. transformations of the surface lattice and related observations on form determination.		1974	4612249
the effects of freeze-drying on bacteriophage t4.		1974	4615882
excision of thymine dimers in vitro by extracts of bacteriophage-infected escherichia coli.	extracts of dna polymerase i defective escherichia coli infected with phage t4 contain an exonuclease activity that removes thymine dimers from uv-irradiated dna previously nicked with t4 uv endonuclease. this activity is not expressed if cells are infected in the presence of chloramphenicol. the enzyme has a requirement for divalent cation and is not affected by caffeine, but excision is inhibited in the presence of proflavine. the enzyme is present in all phage t4 mutants thus far examined, in ...	1974	4596298
t4-induced activity required for specific cleavage of a bacteriophage protein in vitro.	we have examined the acid-soluble products formed during incubation of labeled substrate protein from t4-infected cells with unlabeled phage-infected cell extracts. if the substrate protein is prepared from cells infected with a t4 mutant blocked in cleavage of phage head precursor proteins, the products formed in vitro include a peptide indistinguishable by several criteria from one of the t4 internal peptides. denatured as well as undenatured protein can serve as the substrate for the formatio ...	1974	4589856
transcriptional regulation of t4 bacteriophage-specific enzymes synthesized in vitro.	in contrast to dihydrofolate reductase and four other phage-specific enzymes, the initiation of deoxynucleotide kinase is essentially prevented if rifampin is added to a culture of escherichia coli b cells within 1.5 min after infection with t4. deoxynucleotide kinase thus belongs to a group of so-called delayed-early enzymes that is not initiated from an immediate-early promoter site. we prepared crude extracts from infected cells in a manner designed to maintain the integrity of the complexes ...	1974	4367905
inhibition of t4 growth by an rna polymerase mutation of escherichia coli: physiological and genetic analysis of the effects during phage development.		1974	4278501
initiation characteristics for the synthesis of five t4 phage-specific messenger rnas in vitro.	the involvement of the nucleoside triphosphates in the initiation of the synthesis of the messenger ribonucleic acid of five t4 specific enzymes has been studied. only one of these, the messenger rna for deoxynucleosidemonophosphate kinase, can be initiated in the presence of one nucleoside triphosphate, namely atp. all of the remaining four require the presence of at least two nucleoside triphosphates during the initiation period. the combination of atp and utp was best for the initiation of me ...	1974	4360943
bacterial mutation affecting t4 phage dna synthesis and tail production.		1974	4215034
the induction of deoxythymidine kinase by bacteriophage t4.		1974	4367304
nonreplicated dna and dna fragments in t4 r- bacteriophage particles: phenotypic mixing of a phage protein.	"conservative phage" containing a genome derived from an infecting phage particle which has not undergone replication in the cell but nevertheless has become encapsulated and released in a normal phage particle, are found after infection of escherichia coli with rii(-) or ri(-) mutants under conditions which result in rapid lysis. if such conservative phage are derived from a mixed infection with v(+) and v(1) phage, they display phenotypic mixing of the v gene product (an endonuclease carried i ...	1974	4598783
in vitro repair of apurinic sites in dna.	apurinic sites disappear from dna during an incubation of the dna with the escherichia coli endonuclease specific for apurinic sites, dna polymerase i (ec 2.7.7.7.), and t4 ligase (ec 6.5.1.1). omission of any one of these three enzymes and, in particular, omission of the endonuclease specific for apurinic sites prevents this in vitro repair.	1974	4601584
coiled rings of dna released from cells infected with bacteriophages t7 or t4 or from uninfected escherichia coli.	the replicating intracellular dna of phage t7 was labeled at high specific activity with tritiated thymidine. the dna of uninfected escherichia coli was similarly labeled. portions of cells which contained replicating phage t7 or e. coli dna were lysed by a lysozyme, freeze-thaw, sodium lauryl sulfate procedure, and the dna was spread on millipore membranes for visualization by autoradiography. the dna of phage t7 appeared to be highly concatenated reaching lengths of up to 721 mum. much of the ...	1974	4598784
recoverable potassium fluxes variations following adsorption of t4 phage and their ghosts on escherichia coli b.		1974	4598767
phage phi80psu3+-directed tyrosine trna synthesis in escherichia coli: effects of t4 phage superinfection on tyrosine suppressor-gene transcription.		1974	4604897
in vitro synthesis of enzymes of the tryptophan operon of escherichia coli. evidence for positive control of transcription.	a protein fraction, called at (= anti termination) factor, has been isolated from extracts of e. coli and partially purified. the at factor stimulates the synthesis in vitro of anthranilate synthetase, an enzyme encoded by two genes of the tryptophan (trp) operon, but has no effect on the synthesis of t7 rna polymerase and other t7- and t4 coded proteins. the at factor stimulates the synthesis of trp mrna; it has no effect on the translation of trp mrna. we conclude that in vitro transcription o ...	1975	16094972
excision of bromodeoxyuridine from t4-dna by an antimutator polymerase of t4 phage.	with gene-43 (dna polymerase)-ts-mutants of t4 phage, l98 (mutator) and cb121 (antimutator), and the t4 wild type, double labelling of dna was carried out with (h3)-bromodeoxyuridine (budr) and (c14)-thymidine (tdr). experiments on (c14) tdr for dna synthesis measurement in the presence of budr offered evidence of the ability of the cb121 mutant to excise budr from the dna. this effect took place only at increased temperature. as distinct from dna synthesis of the host, all t4 phages used prefer ...	1975	239571
effect of chloramphenicol and starvation for an essential amino acid on the synthesis and decay of t4 bacteriophage-specific messengers transcribed from early and quasi-late promoters.		1975	170861
bacteriophage-host interaction and restriction of nonglucosylated t6.	nonglucosylated t6 phage (t6gtam 16am30, hereafter called t6alpha gt-) were found to have two structural anomalies when compared with wild-type t6. the dna of t6alpha gt- phage contains single-strand interruptions. these can be seen both during infection, in the pool of replicating dna, and in dna extracted from purified phage. in addition, the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel pattern of t6alpha gt- phage structural proteins reveals a protein band not found in t6. the altered protein ha ...	1975	1090750
transcription of bacteriophage t4 genome in vitro. heterogeneity of rna polymerase in crude extracts of normal and t4-infected escherichia coli b.	in order to obtain rna polymerase preparations carrying the necessary specificity determinants to transcribe the delayed-early genes of bacteriophage t4, crude extracts of uninfected and t4-infected escherichia coli were fractionated in glycerol gradients of low ionic strength. in contrast to the reported sedimentation behavior of the purified enzyme, the rna polymerase activity in crude extracts of normal and infected cells sedimented heterogeneously over a wide range of sedimentation coefficie ...	1975	1091288
proceedings: modification of e. coli rna polymerase induced by t4 phage infection.		1975	1094019
packaging of dna into t4 bacteriophage: exclusion of host dna despite the absence of both host dna degradation and nuclear disruption.		1975	1096456
the nucleotide sequence of the dimeric precursor to glutamine and leucine transfer rnas coded by bacteriophage t4.		1975	1097716
direct selection of mutants restricting efficiency of suppression and misreading levels in e. coli b.	we describe a method for the direct selection of e. coli mutants restricting efficiency of suppression and misreading levels using a t4-coded nonsense suppressor. one mutant isolated has the phenotype expected for a restrictive mutant and may be ribosomal. other possibilities are discussed.	1975	1102920
effect of t4 modification of host valyl-trna synthetase on enzyme action in vivo.		1975	1103443
comparison of the effects of bacteriophage t4 infection and n-ethylmaleimide on the translational specificity of escherichia coli ribosomes.		1975	1091211
isolation and partial characterization of three escherichia coli mutants with altered transfer ribonucleic acid methylases.	seven transfer ribonucleic acid (trna) methylase mutants were isolated from escherichia coli k-12 by examining the ability of rna prepared from clones of unselected mutagenized cells to accept methyl groups from s-adenosylmethionine catalyzed by crude enzymes from wild-type cells. five of the mutants had an altered uracil-trna methylase; consequently their trna's lacked ribothymidine. one mutant had trna deficient in 7-methylguanosine, and one mutant contained trna lacking 2-thio-5-methylaminome ...	1975	1091626
heterologous deoxyribonucleic acid uptake and complexing with cellular constituents in competent bacillus subtilis.	with competent cultures of bacillus subtilis the uptake of escherichia coli deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) is about 50% that for homologous dna. uptake of phage t6 dna, if any, is of the order of 7%, while nonglucosylated phage t6 (t6) dna is taken up almost as effectively as homologous dna. both t6 and t4 dna interfere only minimally with uptake of homologous dna; by contrast, t6 dna competes with homologous dna as effectively as the latter itself. these results indicate that the glucose residues ...	1975	811646
reconstruction of bacteriophage t4 dna replication apparatus from purified components: rolling circle replication following de novo chain initiation on a single-stranded circular dna template.	the protein products of t4 bacteriophage genes 41, 43, 45, 44, and 62 have been purified to near homogeneity using an assay which measures their stimulation of dna synthesis in a crude lysate of escherichia coli cells in fected by an appropriate mutant phage. when all of these proteins and t4 gene 32 protein are incubated in the presence of deoxyribonucleoside and ribonucleoside triphosphates, extensive dna synthesis occurs on both single and double-stranded dna templates. analysis of this in vi ...	1975	1061070
genetic control of bacteriophage t4 baseplate morphogenesis. i. sequential assembly of the major precursor, in vivo and in vitro.		1975	765481
[effect of restricting the action of an amber-mutation suppressor contained in bacteriophage t4 genome].	the action of a bacteriophage suppressor can be restricted due to mutations arising in the genome of the host bacteria. bacterial strains escherichia coli bn and can were isolated in which a complete restriction of the action of phage suppressor psu+ took place. in thees strains obtained the restriction of serin-specific phage suppressors psu + a and psu + b is brought about. the action of bacteriophage suppressor su3+ containing in e. coli can is not abolished in this strain. the abolish of the ...	1975	767202
bacteriophage t7 deoxyribonucleic acid replication in vitro. purification and properties of the gene 4 protein of bacteriophage t7.	the t7 gene 4 protein, a protein known from genetic analysis to participate in phage dna replication in vivo, has been purified approximately 500-fold with an in vitro complementation assay. the protein, purified from cells infected with a t7 gene 4 temperature-sensitive mutant, is thermolabile, establishing that the complementation activity is in the protein product of the phage gene 4. the purified protein has no detectable nuclease, dna polymerase, or rna polymerase activity. however, in addi ...	1975	1095580
recovery of polysome function of t4-infected escherichia coli after brief treatment with chloramphenicol and rifampin.	t4-infected escherichia coli cells briefly exposed to rifampin, or to rifampin plus chloramphenicol, were capable of protein synthesis for some time after removal of the antibiotics, although ribonucleic acid synthesis was irreversibly inhibited. partially completed peptides trapped on polysomes by high levels of chloramphenicol were eventually completed after removal of the drug, as demonstrated by subjecting labeled peptides from appropriate polysome regions to polyacrylamide disc gel electrop ...	1975	1096805
cleavage of nonglucosylated bacteriophage t4 deoxyribonucleic acid by restriction endonuclease eco ri.	dnas lacking the glucosyl modification (glc-) and additionally lacking the 6-methylaminopurine (n6-methyladenine) modification (glc-, meade-) were prepared from appropriate t4 mutants. these dnas were cleaved by the purified restriction endonuclease eco ti from escherichia coli. normally modified dna (glc+, meade+) was not attached. the eco rii and the hemophilus enzymes hin dii and hin diii do not attack glc-, meade- t dna, possibly due to the presence of 6-hydroxymethylcytosine. eco ri produce ...	1975	1090619
characterization of new regulatory mutants of bacteriophage t4. ii. new class of mutants.	new mutants of bacteriophage t4 that overproduce the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase were investigated. unlike previously described overproducers of this enzyme (johnson and hall, 1974), these mutants did not overproduce deoxycytidylate deaminase. overproduction of dihydrofolate reductase by the new mutants occurred because enzymatic activity continued to increase for a longer period of time in cells infected by the mutants than in cells infected by wild-type phage. this continued increase occurr ...	1975	1090753
construction and characterization of a chimeric plasmid composed of dna pfrom escherichia coli and drosophila melanogaster.	a chimeric plasmid has been constructed in vitro from colicin e1 factor (col e1), nontransmissible r-factor rsf-1010, and drosophila melanogaster dnas by the sequential action of escherichia coli endonuclease ri(eco ri) and t4 phage dna ligase. the chimeric plasmid was assembled in two stages--first, a composite plasmid consisting of col e1 and rsf 1010 was constructed, followed by partial digestion of the composite with eco ri (in order to open one of the susceptible cleavage sites) and ligatio ...	1975	807234
transcription of azotobacter phage deoxyribonucleic acid. salt-dependent equilibrium between steps in initiation.	the transcription of azotobacter phage a21 dna by escherichia coli or azotobacter vinelandii rna polymerase differs from that of some other dnas in its inhibition by moderate concentrations of kcl. this characteristic results in an apparent low template activity for this dna as compared with t4 dna under standard assay conditions. from an analysis of the dependence of the various steps in initiation on kcl it is concluded that the effect is exerted on an equilibrium between an inactive polymeras ...	1975	1091643
carbon loss during irradiation of t4 bacteriophages and e. coli bacteria in electron microscopes.		1975	1097727
repetitive dna replication of the incomplete genomes of phage t4 petite particles.	the genomes of petite t4 phage particles presumably cannot circularize because they are deficient for a significant terminal segment and hence not terminally redundant like normal t4 genomes. combined density- and 32p-labeling shows that the majority of such deficient dna molecules can nevertheless replicate their entire length. furthermore, the density-shift technique shows that replicated parental strands can exchange their partners for new light strands, indicating that noncircularized t4 dna ...	1975	1099579
analysis of bacteriophage t4 chloramphenicol rna by dna-rna hybridization and by cell-free protein synthesis, and the effect of escherichia coli polarity-suppressing alleles on its synthesis.		1975	1100847
relaxation complexes of poasmid dna and protein. iii. association of protein with the 5' terminus of the broken dna strand in the relaxed complex of plasmid cole1.	the location of the protein in the open circular dna form of the cole1 dna-protein relaxation complex, induced by treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate, has been studied using several enzymes of dna metabolism. escherichia coli exonucleases i and iii are able to degrade extensively the nicked strand of the relaxed complex from the 3' end. dna polymerase i can initiate synthesis using the relaxed complex as template-primer and specifically extends the 3' end of the nicked strand. the 5' end of th ...	1975	1102545
the repair of ultraviolet damage by phage t4: the role of the early phage genes.		1975	1103821
the biology of bacteriophage t4 transfer rnas.		1975	1104087
the role of replication proteins in the regulation of bacteriophage t4 transcription. i. gene 45 and hydroxymethyl-c-containing dna.		1975	1104860
host membrane lipid synthesis is not required for successful phage t4 infection.		1976	1108415
revertants of double opal-mutants of bacteriophage t4.	revertants of double opal-mutants of bacteriophage t4 have been obtained. the properties of these revertants suggest that reversion of double opal-mutants is effected by the activity of some gent-suppressor appeared in the phage genome. restriction of these revertants by streptomycin-resistant bacterial strains shows that the suppression of the opal-mutants is realized at translation.	1976	799254
recovery of the accumulation ability of thiomethyl-beta-galactoside in escherichia coli after bacteriophage t4 infection.	effects of uv-irridiated and unirradiated t4 phage infection on the beta-galactoside accumulation ability in eschericia coli have been examined by the use of 14c-labeled thiomethyl-beta-galactoside (tmg). under conditions where a synchronous adsorption of phage takes place, the cellular ability for tmg accumulation is found to be largely inhibited immediately after phage adsorption, but it recovers with time to a new level, which is dependent on the multiplicity of infection. when cells are infe ...	1976	1255845
the sucrose gradient and native dna s20,w, an examination of measurement problems.	sedimentation coefficients of t7, t2h and t4 dna were determined with isokinetic sucrose gradients in both 0.1 m and 1 m nacl. the s values were completely equivalent to those measured by analytical ultracentrifuge and no reduction of s20,w was observed due to the presence of sucrose (anomalous sedimentation). s20,w values are calculated on the basis of both partial specific volume (v) and apparent specific volume (0). using the latter value s20,w molecular weight relations are derived for 0.1 m ...	1976	793631
specificity of bacterial ribosomes and messenger ribonucleic acids in protein synthesis reactions in vitro.	ribosomes from two gram-negative bacteria translated f2 rna, t4 early mrna, mrna from three gran-negative bacteria, and mrna from six gram-positive bacteria; ribosomes from three gram-positive bacteria translated mrna from the gram-positive strains, but did not translate the other mrnas. ribosomes from the gram-negative bacterium escherichia coli translated synthetic poly(u,g) but ribosomes from the gram-positive bacterium clostridium pasteurianum translated poly(u,g) very poorly, mrna from gram ...	1976	816792
studies on phage internal proteins: formation of internal protein - t2 dna complexes in vivo.	internal proteins, synthesized in t2-infected escherichia coli b cells were recovered from bacterial membranes during the early stages of infection. approx. 15 min after the onset of infection, t2 and t4 internal proteins were released from the bacterial membranes and sedimented along with newly synthesized phage dna. internal protein-dna complexes were also obtained by chromatography on hydroxylapatite columns. internal proteins were not released from bacterial membranes after infection with am ...	1976	772169
replication of bacteriophage t4 dna in vitro. i. basic properties of the system.	a new in vitro system for t4 dna replication was developed by concentrating cell lysates on cellophane disks. the time course of [3h]dttp incorporation into dna by the system was separated into two phases: one was a very rapid incorporation which was terminated within 2 min (phase i reaction), and the other was a slow but continuous incorporation thereafter (phase ii reaction). more than half of the phase i reaction product was escherichia coli dna, but the phase ii reaction was mostly t4 dna. p ...	1976	785023
biochemical construction of specific chimeric plasmids from cole1 dna and unfractionated escherichia coli dna.	a series of chimeric plasmids was constructed using colicinigenic factor e1 (cole1) dna as the replicon and dna fragments carrying the galactose or tryptophan operons from e. coli. restriction endonuclease ecori digests of cole1 dna and various dnas containing the trp or gal operons were joined by t4 polynucleotide ligase [polynucleotide synthetase (atp), poly(deoxyribonucleotide):poly(deoxyribonucleotide) ligase (amp-forming), ec 6.5.1.1]. chimeric plasmids carrying the desired genes were selec ...	1976	792875
purification of a proteolytic enzyme from t4-infected escherichia coli cells.		1976	779237
properties of condensed bacteriophage t4 dna isolated from escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage t4.	methods developed for isolating bacterial nucleoids were applied to bacteria infected with phage t4. the replicating pool of t4 dna was isolated as a particle composed of condensed t4 dna and certain rna and protein components of the cell. the particles have a narrow sedimentation profile (weight-average s=2,500s) and have, on average, a t4 dna content similar to that of the infected cell. their dimensions observed via electron and fluorescence microscopy are similar to the dimensions of the int ...	1976	787557
regulation of gene 32 expression during bacteriophage t4 infection of escherichia coli.	the gene 32 protein of the bacteriophage t4 plays an important role in genetic recombination, dna repair, and dna replication; the protein functions in these processes by virtue of a strong binding capacity for single-stranded dna. during infections of escherichia coli by bacteriophage carrying amber of temperature-sensitive mutations in gene 32, the altered gene 32 protein (that is, the amber fragment of the missense polypeptide) is synthesized at greatly elevated rates. during infections by ph ...	1976	791947
t4 dna injection. ii. protection of entering dna from host exonuclease v.		1976	779243
cleavage of t4-induced proteins during phage morphogenesis: characterization of peptides.	polypeptides of low mol. wt. have been extracted from t4 coliphages and from escherichia coli b cells infected with a wild type and various amber mutants of bacteriophage t4. six peptides were fractionated by chromatography on phosphocellulose: three of them were cleaved from proteins synthesized late in infection and related to phage head. the remaining three peptides have been shown to arise from early-labelled phage-induced proteins. two of these six small petide fragments were found in the h ...	1976	778336
a study of possible mechanisms of the rna-polymerase involement in mutagenesis in phage t4.	spontaneous and induced mutation frequencies of phage t4 have been measured in escherichia coli strains containing altered rna-polymerase. in the strain e. coli rif-r stl-r, with double rna-polymerase mutation, spontaneous reversion rates were increased in different mutants of phage t4. the study of base analogues mutagenesis in ruv mutants of phage t4 has shown that the introduction of rna-polymerase mutations did not increase reversion rates in a mutant of frame-shift type but enhanced the rat ...	1976	775319
mechanism localisation and control of restriction cleavage of phage t4 and lambda chromosomes in vivo.	the primary action of restriction endonuclease, cleaving infecting dna, has been demonstrated in vivo. this primary cleavage is followed rapidly by hydrolysis of the cleaved dna at its newly exposed termini. infecting viruses can inactivate cytoplasmic and membrane restriction endonucleases to prevent cleavage of unmodified dna replicas.	1976	768782
dna crosslinks, single-strand breaks and effects on bacteriophage t4 survival from tritium decay of (2-3h)adenine, (8-3h)adenine and (8-3h)guanine.		1976	772217
[biology of spheroplast- and protoplast-like types of l-forms of escherichia coli k12 converted with penicillin].	a total of 21 strains of stable l-forms were obtained under the action of penicillin on various hfr and f- strains of e. coli k12. three morphological types of the l-forms obtained differed by the character of the cell elements, sensitivity to chemical agents, antibiotics and to t4 and t6 phages. cell wall was revealed in one type of the l-forms, but the rest l-form types were devoid of the cell walls. reference of the l-forms which preserved the cell wall to the spheroplastic type, and the l-fo ...	1976	795246
phosphorylation of double-stranded dnas by t4 polynucleotide kinase.	the phosphorylation by t4 polynucleotide kinase of various double-stranded dnas containing defined 5'-hydroxyl end group structures has been studied. particular emphasis was placed on finding conditions that allow complete phosphorylation. the dnas employed were homodeoxyoligonucleotides annealed on the corresponding homopolymers, dna duplexes corresponding to parts of the genes for alanine yeast trna, and a suppressor tyrosine trna from escherichia coli. the rate of phosphoylation of dnas with ...	1976	178357
lipopolysaccharide-deficient, bacteriophage-resistant mutants of escherichia coli k-12.	bacteriophage-resistant mutants isolated and classified in a previous study were examined for alterations in their lipopolysaccharide (lps) composition, and properties likely to be affected by alterations in lps composition were studied. it was found that many of the mutants of the ktw (k2-resistance), ttk (t2, t4, or k19 resistance), bar (bacteriophage), wrm (wide-range mutants), and miscellaneous resistance groups were altered in their response to a series of antibiotics and to two lps-specifi ...	1976	776951
induced mutagenesis in bacteriophage t4 growing in strains of e. coli with altered rna-polymerase.	enhanced reversion frequencies of t4 r mutants in e. coli strains with altered rna polymerase have been obtained. the results reported have confirmed previous data on the effect of rna-polymerase on the process of mutagenesis [2]. no such effect has been found in the course of studies of the recombination process.	1976	775324