Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| complement fixing hepatitis b core antigen immune complexes in the liver of patients with hbs antigen positive chronic disease. | one hundred and fifty-two biopsies from serologically hbsag positive and negative patients with liver disease were studied in immunofluorescence: for the presence of the surface (hbs) and the core (hbc) antigenic determinants foeterminants of the hepatitis b virus, of immunoglobulins and complement (c) deposits, and for the capacity to fix human c. circumstantial evidence is presented suggesting that hbc immune-complexes are a relevant feature in the establishment and progression of chronic hbsa ... | 1976 | 1001973 |
| detection of core antibody in hepatitis b infection. | hepatitis b core antigen (hbcag) is found on the decoated dane particle and on a morphologically similar particle detected mainly in the nucleus of hepatocytes of patients with hepatitis b. hbcag prepared from the liver of a chimpanzee infected with hepatitis b virus was used to test human serum for core antibody (anti-hbc) by complement fixation. anti-hbc was found in serum collected from patients with hepatitis b in both the acute and convalescent stages, from carriers of hepatitis b surface a ... | 1976 | 1032591 |
| [comparative study of antigens specific for hepatitis b in transfected cell cultures]. | a comparative study of antigens detected in the livers of patients with hepatitis b. in the mesonephros of the human tissue--chick embryo system infected with the agents isolated from the blood of hepatitis patients, as well as antigens detectable in cell cultures transfected by the dna isolated from these tissues was carried out. the results are in favour of the hypothesis on the integrational nature of serum hepatitis. | 1976 | 1034374 |
| mechanisms responsible for defective human t-lymphocyte sheep erythrocyte rosette function associated with hepatitis b virus infections. | the expression of selected lymphocyte surface-membrane markers was evaluated in 37 patients with acute viral hepatitis b, 10 of whom were studied serially through the resolving and convalescent phases of disease. bone marrow-derived (b) lymphocytes were identified by reference to surface immunoglobulin, whereas normal thymus-derived (t) lymphocytes were assayed by their capacity to form spontaneous nonimmune rosettes with sheep erythrocytes (e rosettes, er). during the acute and resolving phases ... | 1976 | 1083396 |
| type b and non-b viral hepatitis in jerusalem. | in a two-year survey of adult patients hospitalized with acute viral hepatitis in jerusalem, 27% were reactive for the hepatitis b surface antigen (hb(s)ag) by radioimmunoassay and therefore diagnosed as having hepatitis b. the majority of patients (73%) were non-reactive for hb(s)ag and their diagnosis was non-b hepatitis ("type unspecifiable"). thirty-one per cent of patients with hepatitis b and only 5% of patients with non-b hepatitis had histories consistent with parenteral transmission of ... | 1976 | 1088102 |
| [immunology of viral hepatitis and its complications]. | 1976 | 1088493 | |
| [attempts to culture hepatitis b virus on human fetal hepatocytes: preliminary results]. | foetal human hepatocytes have been maintained in prolonged culture and inoculated with two pools of hbs ag positive sera. these two pools differed from each other by the presence or the absence of dane particles. the cultures were examined during 8 weeks. hbs ag did not appear in the culture medium. however, it may be revealed inconstantly and fugaciously by ultasonic lysis of cells infected by sera containing dane particles. in the cell debris, 27 nm nucleocapsides of hbc specificity are observ ... | 1976 | 816528 |
| development and chimpanzee testing of a vaccine against human hepatitis b. | highly purified hepatitis b virus surface antigen (australia antigen) purified by physical and chemical procedures from infected human plasma was used to prepare hepatitis b vaccine. the purified antigen was treated with formalin and the vaccine was tested exhaustively for safety by ordinary procedures and additionally in marmosets (for live hepatitis b virus). the vaccine was highly potent, inducing antibody in guinea pigs, grivet monkeys, and chimpanzees given three doses of vaccine containing ... | 1976 | 817293 |
| vaccine against human hepatitis b. | a highly purified and inactivated vaccine was made of hepatitis b virus surface antigen. the vaccine was tested exhaustively for safety by ordinary procedures and additionally in chimpanzees and marmosets. it was highly potent and induced antibody in guinea pigs, grivet monkeys, and chimpanzees after three doses of vaccine were given subcutaneously. chimpanzees given three doses of vaccine were protected against challenge with 1,000 chimpanzee-infectious doses of live human hepatitis b virus giv ... | 1976 | 819667 |
| evidence for the multiplication of hepatitis b virus in "oval cell" culture originated from human embryonic liver. | growth conditions fof human oval cells (immature hepatocytes),evidence of hepatitis b (hb) antigen synthesis in oval cells as revealed by immunofluorescent staining and successful passage of such an agent in the culture fluid up to the 4th passage are described. the results have been proved to be readily reproducible with different inocula. the oval cells used in these experiments were defined as small round cells, with scant cytoplasm, vesicular nuclei and small nucleoli, vitally stained with i ... | 1976 | 773401 |
| hepatitis b virus and hepatitis b surface antigen in human albumin products. | a collection of 1,985 lots of normal serum albumin (nsa) and 1,361 lots of plasma protein fraction (ppf) prepared between 1958 and 1974 were tested for the presence of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag). twenty-one percent of nsa lots and 71 per cent of ppf lots were hbsag-positive by radioimmunoassay. there was considerable variation in frequency of hbsag-positive lots among the 17 different manufacturers of nsa and the six manufacturers of ppf. in general, those lots prepared from volunteer ... | 1976 | 1258115 |
| vasculitis with hepatitis b antigenemia: long-term observation in nine patients. | the development of generalized necrotizing vasculitis in association with hepatitis b antigenemia is the first example in man of a chronic rheumatic disease presumably caused by a viral infection. this report reviews the experience in nine biopsy-proven cases of hepatitis b-associated necrotizing vasculitis followed for up to six years. the natural history of the disease is emphasized and the manifestations of patients with vasculitis who carry hepatitis b antigen are compared with those of vasc ... | 1976 | 1628 |
| hepatitis b virus, cirrhosis and primary carcinoma of the liver. an electron microscopic study. | the core and coat of hepatitis b virus were found by electron microscopy in parenchymal cells of a liver biopsy from a 61 year old man with chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver. laparoscopy, 35 days after liver biopsy, and autopsy 42 days later confirmed the cirrhosis and showed in addition a well differentiated hepatoma. the possibility of a viral aetiology for the cirrhosis and primary carcinoma of the liver is considered. | 1976 | 188267 |
| a prospective study of acute viral hepatitis with particular reference to hepatitis a. | in order to investigate the relationship of hepatitis a antigen to viral hepatitis, a prospective study was carried out on 97 patients admitted to fairfield hospital, melbourne, with suspected viral hepatitis, and 3 of their family contacts. evidence of infection with hepatitis a virus was obtained by detecting hepatitis a antigen in stools, and/or antibody to it in sera, by immune electron microscopy. infection with hepatitis b virus was determined by testing for hepatitis b surface antigen and ... | 1976 | 191207 |
| hepatitis a antigen isolated from liver and stool: immunologic comparison of antisera prepared in guinea pigs. | morphologically similar hepatitis a antigen particles (ha ag)3 have been detected in the stools of patients with type a hepatitis and in the livers of marmosets experimentally infected with hepatitis a virus. to investigate the humoral antibody responses to these antigens and to compare the immunologic properties of ha ag from these two sources, we immunized guinea pigs with either marmoset liver-derived ha ag or with human stool-derived ha ag in complete freund's adjuvant and measured their ant ... | 1976 | 182882 |
| [development of cellular immunity in patients with viral hepatitis]. | the development of cell-mediated immunity (cmi) to the surface antigen of hepatitis b virus (hbsag) and botevgrad antigen (ba) was traced in 50 hepatitis patients. migration inhibition test (mit) was performed with purified hbsg and ab. blood samples from every hepatitis patient were obtained at the beginning of the icteric phase, 10 days later and during convalescence. there was correlation between the two types of viral hepatitis and the type of cellular immune response. the development of cmi ... | 1976 | 185810 |
| detection of surface and core antigens of hepatitis b virus in the liver of 164 human subjects. a study by immunoperoxidase and orcein staining. | the surface (hbsag) and core (hbcag) antigens of hepatitis b virus (hbv) have been searched by optic microscopy in the liver specimens from patients hospitalized for various conditions and from 38 hgsag chronic carriers. the study was done blindly using shikata et al.'s orcein staining on fixed and frozen material and direct immunoperoxidase on frozen material with antisera specific for surface (anti-hbs) and core (anti-hbc) antigens of hbv. no liver staining could be found in the 98 hbsag seron ... | 1976 | 58802 |
| administration of human fibroblast interferon in chronic hepatitis-b infection. | one patient with hepatitis-b surface antigen (hbsag)-positive chronic aggressive hepatitis, and two chimpanzee carriers of hbsag, were each given seven doses of 10(7) i.u. of human fibroblast interferon over two weeks. the main differnce observed after treatment was a depression of the nucleocapsid hepatitis-0 core antigen in the liver, indicating that hepatitis-b virus infection is sensitive to interferon. except for a short febrile reaction, no undesirable effects were seen after the administr ... | 1976 | 60513 |
| [hepatitis: an international problem (author's transl)]. | three kinds of virus hepatitis are recognized today: hepatitis a, b, and "non a-nonb". hepatitis a is transmitted mainly by the anal-oral route, hepatitis b and probably also the third form of hepatitis principally by direct inoculation or close physical contact. normal human immune serum globulin protects against hepatitis a, but only gives limited protection against hepatitis b and "non a-non b" hepatitis. special immune serum globulin provides better protection but it is only available in sma ... | 1976 | 60698 |
| the prevention of viral hepatitis. | studies with heat-inactivated ms-2 serum have indicated that active immunization against hepatitis b infection can be achieved even though the virus has not been cultivated in tissue culture. the development of new biophysical, biochemical and immunological techniques has increased knowledge of the hepatitis b virus and its associated antigens. in the wake of these recent developments the accumulating evidence indicates that active immunization could be achieved by the use of purified hepatitis ... | 1976 | 63266 |
| viral hepatitis research leading towards control by vaccination. | 1976 | 64239 | |
| non-a, non-b post-transfusion hepatitis. | to clarify the role of hepatitis-a virus (h.a.v.) in the aetiology of post-transfusion hepatitis unrelated to hepatitis-b virus, we have tested and titred pre-transfusion and convalescent serum samples from 32 patients for antibody to hepatitis-a antigen (anti-ha) by quantitative immune adherence haemagglutination. 12 patients had no detectable anti-ha in either pre-transfusion or late convalescent serum; the other 20 had anti-ha in pretransfusion serum and no significant chance in titre during ... | 1977 | 65657 |
| correlation of e antigen, dna polymerase activity, and dane particles in chronic benign and chronic active type b hepatitis infections. | the e determinant of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbs ag) was found in 23 of 42 patients with chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection. presence of e antigen was associated with increases in dna polymerase activity and in the number of circulating dane particles. in the group with detectable e antigen, the average dna polymerase activity was 367+/-78 counts per minute (cpm; mean+/-standard error [se]), and the average number of dane particles counted in electron micrographs was 4.4% of the tota ... | 1977 | 68088 |
| hepatitis-b virus in bedbugs (cimex hemipterus) from senegal. | bedbugs of the species cimex hemipterus (f) were collected on four separate occasions from the bedding in the huts of village dwellers in senegal, west africa. hepatitis-b surface antigen (hbsag) was detected in unengorged nymph and adult bedbugs in each of the first three collections. 3 of 28 such specimens were hbsag(+) in the first collection and 3 of 17 specimens were positive in the second collection. in the third, 6 of 9 were hbsag(+) when the bed occupant was known to be hbsag(+). 2 of th ... | 1977 | 69829 |
| early lesions and development of primary hepatocellular carcinoma in man--association with hepatitis b viral infection. | it is well known that primary hepatocellular carcinoma could be derived from chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis in epidemiologic studies. however, it is still not clear what kinds of hepatocyte are premalignant cells. recently we have focused on liver cell dysplasia as a possible premalignant cell, and showed localization of alpha-fetoprotein in the cytoplasma of these cells. although the dysplastic cells were often seen in the liver of chronic active hepatitis, hepatitis b virus associated d ... | 1977 | 70387 |
| continuous lymphoblastoid suspension cultures from cells of haematopoietic organs of baboons with malignant lymphoma. report iii: immunological studies. | lymphoblastoid cultures established from haematopoietic organs of baboons with lymphoma belong to the b-cell type. cytoplasmic antigen is revealed in 2--6% of suspension culture cells established from lymphomatous baboons by indirect immunofluorescence reaction using serum from human burkitt's lymphoma patients with antibody titer to capsid antigen of epstein-barr virus 1: 320. there is a correlation between the number of antigen-containing cells in these cultures and the number of cells in whic ... | 1977 | 71245 |
| association of human hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis with hepatitis b virus surface and core antigens in the liver. | 1977 | 72736 | |
| [new aspects of therapy and prophylaxis of virus hepatitis (author's transl)]. | the etiology of viral hepatitis is well known, since the hepatitis a virus and the hepatitis b virus were detected. there is, however, no specific treatment of the disease. steroids should not be used, since a therapeutical value in viral hepatitis is not definitely proven and since they may contribute to the development of chronic hepatitis. the application of hepatitis b immunoglobulin (hbig), interferon or interferon inducers in hepatitis b infections has yielded some interesting results, whi ... | 1977 | 73114 |
| coincident hepatitis b surface antigen and antibodies of different subtypes in human serum. | three patients with simultaneously detectable hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and antibody (anti-hbs) in their sera were studied for subtypes of hbsag and anti-hbs. in each case anti-hbs was found to be directed to a different subtype than that of the circulating hbsag, indicating that reinfection (or simultaneous infection) with a second subtype occurred. | 1977 | 63520 |
| mutliple hepatitis viruses in multiple attacks of acute viral hepatitis. | we evaluated the causes of 30 episodes of acute viral hepatitis in 13 patients who had multiple attacks. two (seven per cent) of 30 bouts were caused by hepatitis a virus, and 12 (40%) by hepatitis b virus. no patient, however, had more than one attack with the serologic characteristics of type a or type b disease. thus, there were 16 bouts (53 per cent) not attributable to either of the two recognized hepatitis viruses. none of these "non-a, non-b" episodes, evaluated for infectious mononucleos ... | 1977 | 186710 |
| immunochemical and morphological studies of hepatitis b core antigen isolated from the nuclei of hepatocytes. | immunochemical and morphological properties of hepatitis b core antigen (hbc ag) were studied in intranuclear particles isolated from human liver. immunochemical integrity of the purified particles was indicated in the production by guinea pigs of antibody to hbc ag (anti-hbc) that was immunochemically identical to human anti-hbc. the hbc ag particles were 27-30 nm in diameter, displayed apparent icosahedral symmetry, and consisted of distinct subunits. the susceptibility of hbc ag particles to ... | 1977 | 15037 |
| acute viral hepatitis: modern knowledge. | 1977 | 193084 | |
| advances in viral hepatitis. report of the who expert committee on viral hepatitis. | 1977 | 193307 | |
| transmission of non-a, non-b hepatitis. | in studies conducted in the early 1950s, sera from six asymptomatic blood donors, implicated in the transmission of viral hepatitis, were inoculated into 10 to 20 volunteers each. five of these "implicated" donor sera transmitted clinically apparent hepatitis to the recipients. the stored serum samples from these studies have been reanalyzed using serologic markers for hepatitis b virus and hepatitis a virus infection. two of the donor sera were hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag)-positive, and ... | 1977 | 195505 |
| parenterally transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis: an epidemic reassessed. | in 1972 a nonsocomial outbreak of parenterally transmitted hepatitis affected both marrow transplant patients and normal platelet donors in an oncology unit. because of the characteristics of the clinical illness, the incubation period of 27 days, and the effect of immune serum globulin on the clinical illness, the outbreak was attributed to hepatitis a; there was no serologic evidence of either hepatitis b virus or cytomegalovirus infection. stored serums from this outbreak were re-examined by ... | 1977 | 195506 |
| geographical distribution of the subtype of hepatitis b surface antigen in chinese. | using the much more sensitive hemagglutination inhibition assay for subtyping of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), we examined the determinants a, d, w and r in 192 from 228 hbsag positive adults who had been found after screening with reversed passive hemagglutination method. sixty-four subtypable cases were asymptomatic carriers and the remaining 128 were liver disease patients. among them there was no significant difference of the subtypes, invariably with adw as the main subtype. geograph ... | 1977 | 196971 |
| viral hepatitis: enzyme assays and serologic procedures in the study of an epidemic. | an epidemic of viral hepatitis beginning in late 1975 in a residence for multiply handicapped children, recognized very early in its course, was investigated prospectively to permit comparison of enzymatic and serologic tests. thirty-three residents of the institution and 46 full- and part-time employees were studied by the immune adherence hemagglutination procedure for antibody (anti-hav) to hepatitis a virus (hav). of these, 31 residents and 37 staff members were susceptible at the beginning ... | 1977 | 201170 |
| failure to transmit human viral hepatitis types a and b to the congenitally athymic nude mouse. | 1977 | 202797 | |
| immunodeficiency in down's syndrome: relationship between presence of human thyroglobulin antibodies and hbsag carrier status. | the relationship between the presence of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and antibodies to human thyroglobulin (htgab) has been studied in 110 subjects with down's syndrome (ds) from 4 months to 50 years of age and in 122 controls carefully matched for sex, age and socio-environmental conditions. the overall percentage of hbsag carriers was 22.7 in ds and 6.6 in controls and that of htgab-positive subjects was 41.8 in ds and 19.7 in controls. in ds the frequency of htgab-positive subjects wa ... | 1977 | 144056 |
| [rearing and management of chimpanzees for experimental infection with hepatitis b virus (author's transl)]. | for the purpose of experimental infection with human hepatitis b virus, 14 chimpanzees (pan troglodytes) were delivered to the division of animal research, faculty of medicine, university of tokyo, tokyo. these chimps, 11 males and 3 females, born in the west africa, had been reared for two to six months. several days after delivery, they were anesthetized with ketalar in order to make clinical, bacteriological and parasitological examinations; it was found that one of them was in malnutrition, ... | 1977 | 558103 |
| prognostic implications of the e antigen of hepatitis b virus. | the e antigen hbeag and its antibody anti-hb, have been said to be predictive of chronicity and resolution, respectively, in viral hepatitis. we found, as have others, a specific association with hepatitis b virus-induced disease. in addition, detectability of hbeag in the acute phase of type b hepatitis was followed by a sixfold higher incidence of chronic hepatitis. unfortunately, the prediction was erroneous in 65% of positive cases and 6% of negative cases. in chronic hepatitis, hbeag did no ... | 1977 | 578882 |
| acute and chronic hepatitis: multisystemic involvement related to immunologic disease. | 1977 | 320847 | |
| vertical transmission of hepatitis-b surface antigen. | transmission of hepatitis b virus from mother to infant can cause a severe type of neonatal hepatitis. comparing chronic carrier mothers with mothers who have acute hepatitis in pregnancy we find that the latter group present the greater risk to their infants. differences in the presence of hepatitis b core and hepatitis b e antigen and antibody in the acute case and in the carrier state may expoain the differences observed in the transmission rates of two groups. in countries where the prevalen ... | 1977 | 324529 |
| antibodies to hepatitis b core antigen in hepatitis b surface antigen-positive and -negative chronic hepatitis. | antibody to hepatitis b core antigen (anti-hbc) is a sensitive indicator of hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection. however, anti-hbc has been found in only a few patients with chronic hepatitis. therefore, we tested for anti-hbc in 124 sera from 67 patients with histologically proven chronic hepatitis by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique. all patients, except for one with chronic hepatitis who was seropositive for hepatitis b surface antigen (hbs ag), had anti-hbc that persisted throughout ... | 1977 | 325149 |
| fluorescent antibody study of diseased, end-stage human kidneys. | forty cases of diseased kidneys at end-stage were studied by fluorescent antibody technique in search for viral etiology of glomerulonephritis and other renal diseases. among these 40 cases, 12 (30%) were ascribed to immune complex disease because of detection of immunoglobulins and complement in glomeruli of the same kidney specimen. in 8 cases (20%) only complement was detected in glomeruli. in the remaining 50% neither complement nor immunoglobulin deposit was found in glomeruli. the etiologi ... | 1977 | 357100 |
| [vaccination against hepatitis b in man]. | the preparation of a vaccine against hepatitis b is described. the vaccine is prepared from the hb viral coat (hbs ag) purified and formalin inactivated. the hbs ag is isolated and purified from the blood of healthy hbs ag positive donors by means of an immunoadsorbent technique. the inocuity and efficacy were tested on chimpanzees. vaccination was then applied in an attempt to protect patients and ward staff in a high risk haemodialysis unit. the efficacy of the vaccine was assessed by humoral ... | 1977 | 401985 |
| [use of a highly-sensitive method of electrophoresis-precipitation for detecting hepatitis b virus antigen in human serum]. | a modification of the highly-sensitive method of electrophoresis-precipitation in polyacrylamide gel used for detection of the virus hepatitis b antigen (hbsag) and the anti-hbsag is described. the method completely retains the specificity of the gel immunodiffusion test, but is 100--2000 times more sensitive in hbsag detection. the sera of patients with different pathology were checked by this method. in comparison with the methods used before the hbsag determination by the mentioned method pro ... | 1977 | 403983 |
| transmission of hepatitis b virus to gibbons by exposure to human saliva containing hepatitis b surface antigen. | a pool of whole-mouth saliva collected from five human carriers of hepatitis b surface antigen, subtype adr, was found to contain antigen particles with mean diameters of 23.3 and 41.8 nm as seen by immune electron microscopy. two gibbons received subcutaneous injections of the pooled saliva and developed serological and, in at least one animal, biochemical evidence of hepatitis b virus infection at 12 and 22 weeks, respectively. although none of eight other gibbons that were exposed by the nasa ... | 1977 | 833450 |
| some sex- and age-dependent correlations in acute viral hepatitis. | hbsag was found to be present in 28.7% of 1980 sera from acute viral hepatitis (avh) patients tested by immunodiffusion and counterimmunoelectrophoresis. the incidence of hbsag-positive avh cases was lower in female subjects aged 10-19 years. the follow up of sgpt, bilirubinemia and thymol turbidity kinetics in 473 of the patients revealed some hbsag-dependent differences. such differences oscillated more markedly in adults than in children and were less obvious in women. the possible involvemen ... | 1977 | 850999 |
| [occurrence of nuclear bodies in acute viral hepatitis]. | needle-hepatic-biopsy of 10 patients with acute viral hepatitis was investigated by the aid of electron microscope. in the hepatocytes striking nucleolar alterations were observed, i.e. breakage and dispersion of the nucleolonema in the karyoplasma. not infrequently nuclear bodies were seen. according to the present knowledge it can not be decided whether nuclear bodies are normal constituents of the hepatocytes or product of the impaired function. complex nuclear bodies--in acute viral hepatiti ... | 1977 | 854038 |
| [hepatitis b: new aspects, practical implications. virology and epidemiology]. | although neither a nor b hepatitis virus (hav, hbv) has been grown in cell or organ cultures, both agents have been identified and characterized. the subsequent ability to diagnose hepatitis a and b has led to the recognition of a third form of viral hepatitis, "non a--non b hepatitis". it has been possible to eliminate hbv from blood used for transfusion and from blood products, and the combined results of hepatitis research have led to a better understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesi ... | 1977 | 857308 |
| hla in different forms of chronic active hepatitis. a comparison between adult patients and children. | 108 adult patients and 34 children with chronic active hepatitis (cah) are divided in four groups on the basis of presence and absence of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and autoantibodies (autoab). there are significant differences in the numeric distribution among the four groups and the sex distribution between adult patients and children, but no differences in the frequencies of the hla antigens tested. an increased frequency of hla-b8 (and hla-a1) compared with normal controls and the o ... | 1977 | 863130 |
| hepatitis b surface antigen and chronic hepatitis in infants born to asymptomatic carrier mothers. | twenty-three infants born to asymptomatic hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) carrier mothers were followed up to determine the vertical transmission of hepatitis b virus. four infants became positive for hbsag within four months after birth. three showed hepatic dysfunction; liver biopsy specimens demonstrated mild chronic hepatitis in one and persistent hepatitis in another. in six infants followed up for more than six months after birth, antibody to hbsag (anti-hbs) without antigenemia could ... | 1977 | 868815 |
| hepatitis b antigen and antibody in a male homosexual population. | sera from 600 male homosexual patients were tested for hepatitis b antigen (hbs ag) and its antibody (hbs ab). thirty-one men (5-2%) were positive for hbs ag. testing for hbs ab by immuno-osmoelectrophoresis 33 men (5-5%) were positive. however, sera of 85 patients negative for hbs ab by routine methods were examined for hbs ab by radioimmune assay. thirty (35%) sera were found to be positive. no absolute correlation between the detection of hbs ag, or previous history of hepatitis, jaundice, or ... | 1977 | 870144 |
| [theoretical, methodological and practical problems of virus disinfection in human medicine (author's transl)]. | 1977 | 914312 | |
| drug therapy reviews: chronic hepatitis. | the classification, clinical course, etiology and treatment of chronic hepatitis are discussed. the clinical manifestations of chronic hepatitis are of limited diagnostic use. diagnosis must be made by liver biopsy. the disease is classified as chronic persistent or chronic active hepatitis. the prognosis for chronic persistent hepatitis is excellent, and no treatment is required. chronic active hepatitis may progress to cirrhosis and is associated with a poor prognosis if untreated. recognized ... | 1978 | 358829 |
| hepatitis viruses. | 1978 | 340799 | |
| hepatitis b. cytologic localization of virus antigens and the role of the immune response. | antigens of the hepatitis b virus have been localized within liver tissue by various immunologic, histochemical, and electron microscopic methods. the abundance and distribution of these virus antigens are in part determined by the host immune response. this interaction of immune mechanisms with the hepatitis b virus may be related to the pathogenesis and natural history of human hepatitis b virus infection. | 1978 | 344193 |
| transmission of hepatitis v virus infection by transfusion of frozen-deglycerolized red blood cells. | chimpanzees were used to determine the ability of prior freezing of red blood cells to prevent the transmission of type b post-transfusion hepatitis. four units of human whole blood were each inoculated with 10(6) infectious doses of hepatitis b virus. although all units became hbsag negative after freezing and deglycerolization, hepatitis b virus infection developed in all four chimpanzees when these units were transfused. two of these chimpanzees had only serologic evidence of infection, inclu ... | 1978 | 628386 |
| viral hepatitis. | viral hepatitis may be classified into three or more forms including type a hepatitis, type b hepatitis, and a group denoted as non-a non-b hepatitis which may represent viral hepatitis of one or more causes. the differentiation of these forms of hepatitis is primarily serologic. the development of antibody to hepatitis a virus can be detected by radioimmunoassay as well as by other test systems. the serologic diagnosis of type b hepatitis rests on the detection of hepatitis b surface antigen or ... | 1978 | 629050 |
| radioimmunoassay and some properties of human antibodies to hepatitis b core antigen. | a solid-phase radioimmunoassay for antibodies to hepatitis b core antigen (anti-hbc) is described. polystyrene beads coated with anti-hbc, hepatitis b core antigen prepared from pooled sera of humans infected with hepatitis b virus (hbv) and 125i-labelled anti-hbc were used for the test. distinct patterns of development and changes of anti-hbc and their immunologic properties are all related to variations of other markers specific for hbv infections. knowledge concerning the detailed features of ... | 1978 | 632812 |
| hepatitis b surface antigen in human tears. | the incidence of hepatitis b virus infection has been increasing every year in the united states, particularly among medical personnel. only half of these cases are associated with exposure to blood or blood products. respiratory, fecal-oral, and venereal methods of transmission of hepatitis b virus infection are supported by epidemiological evidence and by the demonstration of hepatitis b surface (hbsag) antigen in several body secretions. in this investigation, tears were collected from patien ... | 1978 | 646696 |
| [humoral immunological studies in viral hepatitis and in hbag virus carriers]. | 1978 | 652352 | |
| serologic evidence of hepatitis a and b virus infections in thalassemia patients: a retrospective study. | to determine the current risk of hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection in multiply transfused thalassemia patients, we tested sera from such patients in new york city for the hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and its antibody (anti-hbs) using radioimmunoassay techniques. altogether 48 per cent of the patients had either hbsag (4.5%) or anti-hbs (43.9%) positive sera. the prevalence of these hbv markers was related to both the number of units transfused and the year blood transfusion therapy was be ... | 1978 | 664004 |
| blood transusion: use and abuse of blood components. | transfusion of whole blood and some blood components may result in serious or fatal complications, among which hepatitis is most frequent (20,000 to 30,000 cases and 3,000 deaths a year). although hepatitis b virus (hb ag) sometimes is implicated in posttransfusion hepatitis, non-a non-b. virus(es) (hepatitis "c" virus) probably accounts for most posttransfusion hepatitis. half of all blood transfusions may be unnecessary.responsible transfusion practice requires use of appropriate blood compone ... | 1978 | 664642 |
| [viruses--causes of human tumor forms]. | 1978 | 683122 | |
| [viral hepatitis]. | viral hepatitis is one of the most frequent infectious diseases of our time. it is of great concern to the epidemiological risk groups such as research laboratories, dialysis units and other public health agencies. the result of epidemiological, immunological, morphological and biochemical studies have demonstrated, that this disease is caused by at least two different viruses. the hepatitis a virus (hav) induces the type a hepatitis and the hepatitis b virus (hbv) the type b hepatitis. two anti ... | 1978 | 697524 |
| large scale purification of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag). | in october 1975, a specific immunization by means of a formalin inactivated hepatitis b vaccine has been introduced to protect patients and staff members of three haemodialysis units of the loire valley (tours, blois, orléans). after two years follow-up the innocuity and efficacy of this preparation have been shown to be very satisfactory in the conditions under which it was used. a method of vaccine preparation has been instituted in the development of industrial batches of vaccine to be used f ... | 1978 | 718020 |
| a study of street heroin lots for the presence of the hepatitis b surface antigen. | hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) of subtype ay predominates among narcotic addicts infected with hepatitis b virus (hbv) in europe, australia and the united states. however, the ad subtype predominates among the non-addict carriers of hbsag. we investigated the possibility that heroin lots were contaminated with hbv at a source of opium production, the middle east, a geographical region where hbsag/ay predominates in the general population. one hundred and nine lots of street heroin were assa ... | 1978 | 720209 |
| viral hepatitis: lack of transmission in an athenian school. | in the 1975-76 school year, 3 cases of icteric hepatitis occurred almost simultaneously in 2 grades of an athenian school. an initial survey of the 2 classes approximately one week later found that 88 of 94 children were susceptible to type a hepatitis. no further clinical cases occurred. a second survey at the end of the school year revealed only 2 subclinical hepatitis a virus infections: one coincident with the overt cases in november, and a second from extramural exposure in february. two ca ... | 1978 | 744672 |
| remarks on the pathogenic significance of hbsag subtypes. | the frequent controversies concerning the possible different pathogenic significance of antigenic hepatitis b virus subtypes determined the authors to analyse the mean values of some biochemical tests in two groups of acute viral hepatitis patients. the results obtained show that a more marked alteration of these values is correlated with the presence of hbsag/ay in one of the groups (89 patients) and with that of hbsag/ad in the other group (33 patients). some explanations of these findings are ... | 1978 | 749332 |
| viral hepatitis. | 1978 | 205734 | |
| acute viral hepatitis. | it is now possible to define two forms of acute viral hepatitis by means of specific serological tests and at least one other form by exclusion. these diseases are known as hepatitis a, hepatitis b and non a non b hepatitis respectively. major features of the virology, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, epidemiology, mode of spread and control of each disease are briefly reviewed. | 1978 | 208497 |
| human studies following models of tumorigenesis by dna tumor viruses in animals. | the discovery of virus-specific messenger rna in virus-induced animal tumors has led to the search for messenger rna in human tumors that can be hybridized with the dna of known oncogenic viruses. attention has focused on the adenoviruses, which have produced cancer in laboratory animals and are widespread in man, and on three papovaviruses that have been isolated in human disease and which are oncogenic in hamsters. in other research, the association between human infection with herpesivurs typ ... | 1978 | 208690 |
| [nature of type a and type b hepatitis viruses and their diagnosis and control]. | 1978 | 209504 | |
| transfusion-related short-incubation hepatitis in hemophilic patients. | nine episodes of a unique short-incubation form of hepatitis were observed during five years in six hemophilic children after infusion with commercial factor viii concentrate prepared by two different manufacturers. five patients with a single episode had no previous infusion for 14 months to 14 years. one patient with several episodes had no previous infusion for at least seven months preceding each episode. the illness was mild and self-limited. no seroconversions to cytomegalovirus, epstein-b ... | 1978 | 210302 |
| non-a, non-b hepatitis. | 1978 | 210303 | |
| clustering of different subtypes of hepatitis b surface antigen in families of patients with chronic liver diseases. | clustering of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) with both subtypes adr and adw in three families of patients with chronic liver diseases or hepatocellular carcinoma was demonstrated in taiwan where adw is the main subtype. the subtype in the children was similar to that in their mothers, suggesting maternal transmission. in all the family units clustered with different subtypes, the same pattern occurred, invariably with fathers carrying hbsag/adr and the children carrying hbsag/adw. the subty ... | 1978 | 210659 |
| viral hepatitis--a triumphant triennial. | 1978 | 210661 | |
| a virus similar to human hepatitis b virus associated with hepatitis and hepatoma in woodchucks. | particles with properties similar to those associated with human hepatitis b were found in serum from woodchucks with chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. it is suggested that woodchuck hepatitis virus is a second member of a novel class of viruses represented by the human hepatitis b virus. | 1978 | 212758 |
| prospects of vaccines against cancer in man. | preventive immunization is the cheapest and most effective approach to the management of epidemic disease. certain forms of cancer, including burkitt's lymphoma, carcinoma of the cervix, primary liver cancer, acute leukaemia and breast cancer show many characteristics of epidemic disease, and the possibility of producing preventive vaccine against these conditions merits serious consideration. | 1978 | 212839 |
| [virus and human cancers]. | 1978 | 214215 | |
| hbsag-negative chronic active hepatitis related to hepatitis b virus. | numerous cases of chronic hepatitis have been shown to be closely associated with persistent infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv). a group of 100 patients suffering from chronic active hepatitis (cah) was investigated for hbv serologic markers. of these, 35 patients were hbsag-positive; in 26 hbsag-negative subjects, anti-hbc were detected using counterimmune electrophoresis and complement-fixation tests. these data suggest that chronic liver disease in patients who were only anti-hbc-positive ... | 1978 | 214684 |
| developments in viral hepatitis. | viral hepatitis is a major public health problem occurring endemically in all parts of the world. the general term viral hepatitis refers to infections caused by hepatitis virus type a, type b and a more recently identified infection referred to as "non-a: non-b" hepatitis. these clinically and pathologically similar forms of hepatitis have been studied intensively following the discovery of a specific antigen, australia antigen, one of the markers of infection with hepatitis b virus. | 1978 | 215717 |
| hepatocellular carcinoma (an approach to the study of risk factors in human cancer). | risk factors can be used to formulate hypotheses on the aetiology and pathogenesis of site specific cancers. persistent infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv), chronic liver disease, and maleness are associated with a greatly increased risk of developing primary hepatocellular carcinoma (phc). a model for the pathogenesis of this tumour is proposed that does not involve integration of the hbv genome into the tumour cell. if chronic infection with hbv is necessary for the development of chronic l ... | 1978 | 216070 |
| antibody to hepatitis b surface antigen is not cytotoxic to antigen-secreting hepatocytes. | a continuously growing cell line which produces hepatitis b surface antigen was grown in the presence of antibody to the surface antigen. antibody from animal and human sources was used. neither growth rate nor cell morphology was affected and the cells did not inactivate the antibody over a 4-day incubation period. the surface antigen produced was specifically neutralized. these results suggest that hepatic injury occurring in response to hepatitis b virus infection is not mediated by humoral i ... | 1978 | 218315 |
| hepatitis b vaccines. on the threshold. | experimental hepatitis b vaccines have recently been developed and are undergoing preliminary evaluation. these vaccines are unique in that they are prepared from viral antigen purified from the plasmas of human chronic carriers because hepatitis b virus has not been cultivated in vitro. they appear to be safe and antigenic, but care must be exercised in their evaluation because of the potential risks inherent in all vaccines. | 1978 | 99023 |
| the viral hepatitides. | vaccines and chemotherapy may soon strengthen the armamentarium for control of type b hepatitis. the incidence of type a is still declining in the u.s., and now that type non-a, non-b has been transmitted to animals, a marker for it is being widely sought. | 1978 | 221316 |
| transmission of non-a, non-b hepatitis from man to chimpanzee. | non-a, non-b hepatitis was transmitted to four colony-born chimpanzees by intravenous inoculation of human sera. two chimpanzees were inoculated with serum from a patient with a clinical and serological diagnosis of chronic non-a, non-b hepatitis whose blood appeared to transmit this disease to a nurse following accidental needle-stick, and the other two chimpanzees were inoculated with serum from either of two former blood-donors whose hbsag-negative blood appeared to transmit clinically recogn ... | 1978 | 76018 |
| some properties of hepatitis b core antigen isolated from serum of infected humans. | the nucleocapsid of dane particles (= hepatitis b core antigen; hbcag) was isolated from human sera either positive or negative for e-antigen (hbeag)--an apparent marker for the level of infectious hepatitis b virus in serum. hbcag from the hbeag-positive serum pool consisted of two distinct populations of particles, one with a buoyant density (d) of 1.358 g/ml and a sedimentation coefficient (s20, w) of approximately 110, and another with d = 1.25 to 1.30 g/ml and s20, w approximately 70. only ... | 1978 | 76670 |
| the three type of human viral hepatitis. | infections with hepatitis a and b viruses are common in all parts of the world and constitute a major public health problem. the identification of specific antigenic markers of these viruses has led to the development of sensitive laboratory tests. these, in turn, have resulted in a better understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, immunology, and the nature of these common infections. in the case of hepatitis type b, laboratory tests revealed a persistent carrier state of the surface anti ... | 1978 | 78770 |
| hepatitis b outbreak among chimpanzees at the london zoo. | persistent carriage of hepatitis b virus in extremely high titre was identified in 5 out of 9 chimpanzees kept at the london zoo. antibody to this virus was present in the other 4 chimpanzees. serological survey of the other primates in the regent's park collection did not reveal the presence of the surface antigen in 2 gorillas, 11 orang-utans, and 2 gibbons, although surface antibody was present in the serum of 1 gorilla and 2 orang-utans. 3 of the carrier chimpanzees were born at the zoo and ... | 1978 | 80578 |
| prophylaxis and prevention of viral hepatitis. | 1979 | 86636 | |
| non-a non-b hepatitis associated with chronic liver disease in a haemodialysis unit. | to clarify the aetiology of an outbreak of hbsag-negative acute hepatitis in the renal unit at fulham hospital in 1968--70, serological tests for antibody to hepatitis-a virus (anti-h.a.v.) were done retrospectively on serum samples obtained at the time of the outbreak. 7 patients had had two previous episodes of clinical hbsag-negative hepatitis. serum samples were available from 24 of the 29 infected patients, and these were paired in 12 instances. there was a slight increase in the titre of a ... | 1979 | 87618 |
| [studies on human immunoglobulin preparations: i. viral antibody profiles (author's transl)]. | a study was undertaken to assess the viral antibody spectrum in human immunoglobulin preparations from four different manufacturers for intravenous and/or intramuscular application. studies of the kind seem to be reasonable for calculating the expected therapeutic effect of the administered immunoglobulin. the investigated 16 gammaglobulin batches showed almost the same variety of viral antibodies and only slightly differring antibody titers. it is interesting to note, that antibodies to vaccini ... | 1979 | 89620 |
| relationship of hepatitis b surface antigen to serum alpha-fetoprotein in nonmalignant diseases of the liver. | serum alpha-fetoprotein (afp) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 89 healthy adult chinese, 170 patients with histologically verified non-malignant liver diseases, and 14 hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) carriers with normal liver histology. in 97% of the healthy adults, afp levels were under 20 ng/ml, which is then regarded as the normal upper limit. cases with supranormally elevated afp levels ranged from 15-51% in chronic hepatic disorders and were 33% in acute hepatitis. none of t ... | 1979 | 89892 |
| the hepatitis b virus and its dna polymerase: the prototype three-d virus. | the hepatitis b virus (hbv), the causal agent of serum hepatitis, has a diameter of 42 nm and is comprised of an outer surface coat and a 27 nm core. a unique dna-dependent dna polymerase is associated with the core of the virus. the core also houses a circular dna that contains both double-stranded and single-stranded regions. in the endogenous reaction, the dna polymerase repairs the single-stranded gaps of the viral dna. the surface protein of the virus, called hepatitis b surface antigen, co ... | 1979 | 91092 |
| antigen-specific detection of hbsag-containing immune complexes in the course of hepatitis b virus infection. | in recent studies extrahepatic manifestations of viral hepatitis have been recognized as immune complex diseases. hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) has been successfully identified in immune complexes, but the pathogenic role of hbsag-containing immune complexes (ic) remains questionable. the subject of the present study was the antigen-specific determination of ic in the course of hepatitis b virus infection using a new hbsag-specific ic test (pernice & sedlacek, 1978). this test is based on ... | 1979 | 91465 |
| problems with particle-associated dna polymerase assays in the diagnosis of plasma-suspended viruses. | the in vitro reaction results of virus-associated dna polymerases for the demonstration of plasma-suspended particles of avian leukemia virus (amv) and of hepatitis type b virus (hbv) were compared. amv particles could be identified by the transcription of the templates poly mc(dg)12-18, poly rat10, and poly d(at) using standardized reaction mixtures. with comparable test conditions, no dna polymerase activity was found in human plasma containing hbv. these findings and the results of a systemat ... | 1979 | 92114 |
| polypeptides of hepatitis b virus surface antigen produced by a hepatoma cell line. | the plc/prf/5 cell line derived from a human hepatoma produces hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) in 22-nm particles of the same buoyant density as those found in the serum of infected patients. the hbsag particles from this cell line were labeled with [35s]methionine and purified, and the polypeptides were compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with those of serum-derived particles. the two major polypeptides of serum-derived hbsag particles (p20 and p23) were fo ... | 1979 | 92575 |