Publications

cloning of calf thymus satellite i dna in escherichia coli.	the 1400 base pair repeat produced by digestion of calf satellite i dna (phi = 1.714 g/cm3) with ecori, was cloned in e. coli. the hybrid plasmid (pgm 214) which contains the cole1-ap vector (psf 2124) and the 1400 base pair fragment replicates stably in e. coli and can be amplified by chloramphenicol treatment. no clone was found in which more than one "repeat unit" of the satellite i dna was present in the chimaera plasmid. digestion of the original satellite i and the plasmid pgm 214 with r-s ...	1976	796669
[indices of bacteriological purity of milk obtained in cowsheds during mastitis controla1].		1976	797599
leukocyte inhibiting factor (lif) production from human lymphocytes stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharides.	leukocyte inhibiting factor (lif) release from lymphocytes cultures stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (lps) has been investigated. human lymphocytes cultured in the presence of e, coli or s. enteritidis lps were able to release in the supernatants a substance with the following properties: a) same elution pattern of bovine serum albumin (mw 69000) when filtered on sephadex g-100; b) it migrates on disc electrophoresis a an albumin; c) not dialyzable; d) not cytotoxic; e) inhibition of ...	1976	798596
studies on the binding of 5,5-diphenyl-hydantoin to nucleic acids in vitro and to rat brain subcellular fractions in vitro and in vivo.	the binding of 5,5-diphenylhydantoin (dph) to nucleic acids (bovine brain rna, rat liver ribosomal and trna, torula utilis rna, and calf thymus and escherichia coli dna was studied using ultraviolet spectroscopy, gel chromatography and thermal transition profiles. within the sensitivity of these methods, it was found that there is essentially little or no interaction between dph and nucleic acids in vitro as has been reported previously. little, if any evidence of dph intercalation with dna was ...	1976	1255490
modification of resistance of mice to naegleria fowleri infections.	naegleria fowleri, which produces a fatal meningoencephalitis in humans, is also able to produce a progressive and fatal disease in mice. the course of the disease in dub/icr mice is dependent upon the infecting dose of organisms, whether administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) or intravenously (i.v.). all of the mice receiving 10(7) trophozoites/mouse i.v. or 4.85 x 10(7) trophozoites/mouse i.p. were killed within 10 days. escherichia coli o26:b6 lipopolysaccharide, administered at a dose of 1 mg ...	1976	1270145
local immune responses in the bovine fetus vaccinated in utero with escherichia coli antigen.	using specific immunofluorescent examinations, the local immune responses were studied in 14 calves prenatally vaccinated (10 to 50 days before birth) with escherichia coli (o26:k60:nm) antigen or sterile saline solution. all calves were colostrum-deprived, were given oral doses of homologous organisms (killed or live), and were necropsied either at birth or within 12 days after birth. immunofluorescent plasma cells were not seen in duodenum, jejunum, jejunal lymph nodes, ileum, ileal lymph node ...	1976	769610
endotoxin enhancement of plasma cell tumor development in mice given injections of mineral oil.	bacterial endotoxins administered to balb/c mice given i.p. mineral oil cause an increased incidence of plasma cell tumors, compared with mice given either oil or antigens alone, or oil plus antigen other than endotoxin. endotoxin in ng doses was more effective than in mug doses.	1976	773532
[residues of antimicrobial materials in the effluents of livestock farms (author's transl)].	forty water samples were taken from streams of three different regions of belgium, with intensive husbandry and examined for residual microbiological activity. in some samples, activity was detected against staphylococcus aureus; none of them were active against e. coli and c. albicans. the substances in the few positive samples were not identified. with this low activity and the small proportion of positive samples (12 out of 41) any influence on the water biosphere due to the methods of farmin ...	1976	766304
experimental neonatal colibacillosis in cows: serological studies.	serological studies of passive immunity in experimentally induced bovine colibacillosis was studied in a 41-cow university herd. pregnant dams were antigenized prepartum with two injections administered by the subcutaneous and intrammamary routes with one of four vaccine preparations (killed bacteria, live bacteria, culture supernatant, or heart infusion broth [control]). the data indicate that 77% of the neonates born to vaccinated dams were strongly protected against oral challenge with escher ...	1976	765285
a study of the enzymic dephosphorylation of beta-casein and a derived phosphopeptide.	beta-casein, and the phosphate containing peptide derived from it by tryptic digestion, have been dephosphorylated by the action of two phosphatases. escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase (ec 3.1.3.1) has been shown to remove the phosphates from these substrates in two distinct stages. substrate molecules retaining three of the original phosphoseryl residues accumulate during the reaction and are resistant to further dephosphorylation at low enzyme concentrations. in contrast bovine spleen phosp ...	1976	187232
changes in intestinal structure and function of neonatal calves infected with reovirus-like agent and eschericia coli.	measurements of villus/crypt length ratio and mucosal beta-galactosidase activity were made on calves less than 3 weeks of age which had diarrhoea associated with reovirus-like agent and e. coli. in calves with diarrhoea, the villus/crypt length ratios at all sites examined along the small intestine were less than in normal calves of similar age. this was attributed to a reduction in length of vili in calves infected with the reovirus-like agent. the activity of mucosal beta-galactosidase in the ...	1976	189746
bronchiectasis in yearling feedlot cattle.	thoughout all of 1974, we surveyed, for illnesses and deaths, about 407,000 yearling feedlot cattle. from the 3,943 dead cattle, 1,988 necropsies were made; of the cattle necropsied, 32 (1.6%) had bronchiectasis. in this disease, the permanently dilated small bronchi and bronchioles, located in ventral parts of the lungs, were filled with accumulations of exudate and microorganisms, including pasteurella hemolytica, pasteurella multocida, corynebacterium pyogenes, escherichia coli, salmonella an ...	1976	956033
specific binding of a nonhistone chromosomal protein from lymphocyte to dna.	the isolation of a nonhistone chromosomal protein, nh30 000, from bovine lymphocytes by affinity chromatography on a dna-agarose column is described. the procedure starts with nonhistone fraction nh4 obtained by hydroxyapatite chromatography as described previously [blüthmann, h., mrozek, s. & gierer, a. (1975) eur. j. biochem. 58, 315-326]. protein nh30 000 migrates as a single band with a molecular weight of 30 000 on sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gels. it contains, on a molar basis 25. ...	1976	1009927
inactivation by detergents of the proline transport system in membrane vesicles from escherichia coli and its reactivation by bovine serum albumin.	the proline transport system of membrane vesicles from escherichia coli was inactivated by a low concentration of detergents such as deoxycholate, dodecyl sulfate and triton x-100. the addition of a large amount of bovine serum albumin to membrane vesicles which had been treated with one of these detergents resulted in the restoration of the proline transport activity. the restoration of the transport activity by bovine serum albumain was most remarkable with the deoxycholate-inactivated membran ...	1976	764873
proposed calfhood immunization program for the commercial dairy herd.	immunization programs never will usurp the central role of sound management practices and good nutrition in the disease prevention program of the commercial dairy operation. however, certain immunizations against diseases such as brucellosis, leptospirosis, and clostridial infections should be routine. other diseases such as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine virus diarrhea, parainfluenza-3, colibacillosis, and pasteurellosis should be considered if it can be determined that the herd is i ...	1977	190280
the transfer of bacterial biotin genes to escherichia coli k-12 cells by transfection with lambda bio phage dna.	the transfection of biotin genes to biotin negative escherichia coli k-12 cells with donor dna isolated from transducing lambda bio phages was examined. the transfection of the cells was performed in the presence of bovine serum albumin and sucrose (osowiecki and skalińska, 1974).	1977	70968
transcription of double-stranded rna by escherichia coli dna-dependent rna polymerase.	double-stranded rna of some virus genomes can be used as template for the dna-dependent rna polymerase purified from escherichia coli. the rna synthesis requires all four nucleoside triphosphates and manganese ions and is dependent on the presence of sigma subunit. the reaction is inhibited by rifampicin, streptolydigin and ethidium bromide, but not by dnase and actinomycin d which does not bind to double-stranded rna. the template activity of double-stranded rna from various viruses is differen ...	1977	320006
occurrence of k99 antigen on escherichia coli isolated from pigs and colonization of pig ileum by k99+ enterotoxigenic e. coli from calves and pigs.	several strains of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) isolated from pigs were found to have an antigen (k99) previously reported only on strains of calf and lamb origin and which facilitates intestinal colonization in the latter two species. several human etec were also tested for k99; however, none were positive. each of four k99-positive etec strains of calf origin and one of pig origin produced k99 in pig ileum in vivo, adhered to villous epithelium in pig ileum, colonized pig ileum, and ...	1977	321356
methodology for recognition of invasive potential of escherichia coli.	surveillance for dysentery-related invasive potential in bacteria using the sereny keratoconjunctivitis test is restricted by expense, time factor, and necessity for confirmation. primary screening of isolates in a standardized mammalian cell culture system is recommended. bacteria are grown 20 hr in veal infusion, washed, and resuspended in 20% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (fbs) supplemented with 0.12% brain heart infusion and 0.1% bile salts. the hela culture is grown 20 hr as a monolay ...	1977	323215
acute undifferentiated neonatal diarrhea of beef calves: the prevalence of enterotoxigenic e. coli, reo-like (rota) virus and other enteropathogens in cow-calf herds.		1977	326373
inhibitory action of galactose on phagocytes from normal and hypergalactosemic chicks.	the inhibitory effect of galactose on phagocyte function was investigated in normal and hypergalactosemic chicks by monitoring the in vitro killing of escherichia coli by leukocytes and the in vivo clearance of colloidal 125i-labeled bovine serum albumin ([125i]bsa) from the circulation. elevated levels of galactose (30 mm) significantly impaired the bactericidal activities of leukocytes from both control and hypergalactosemic chicks. however, the latter cells were more susceptible to the galact ...	1977	326668
lutropin stimulation of rna synthesis in corpus luteum chromatin.	lutropin and human choriogonadotropin stimulated the endogenous chromatin-associated polymerase activity in purified chromatin prepared from nuclei of bovine corpus luteum. chromatin was incubated in two different buffer systems: one that mainly supports the activity of polymerase i, another that supports the activity of polymerase ii and is largely alpha-amanitin sensitive. the hormones lutropin and chorigonadotropin stimulated an increase in the rate of incorporation of [14c]atp or [14c]utp in ...	1977	329886
blastogenic transformation by lipopolysaccharide of blood leukocytes from immunized but not normal cattle.	escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide produced blastogenic transformation in whole-blood leukocytes from heifers that had been infected and immunized with campylobacter fetus, but not in cells from control animals. this suggests that lipopolysaccharide dose not function as a b-cell mitogen in cattle and that its stimulation of cells from immunized animals occurred through another mechanism.	1977	330414
in vitro packaging of uv radiation-damaged dna from bacteriophage t7.	when dna from bacteriophage t7 is irradiated with uv light, the efficiency with which this dna can be packaged in vitro to form viable phage particles is reduced. a comparison between irradiated dna packaged in vitro and irradiated intact phage particles shows almost identical survival as a function of uv dose when escherichia coli wild type or pola or uvra mutants are used as the host. although uvra mutants perform less host cell reactivation, the pola strains are identical with wild type in th ...	1977	330877
[studies of immunity in mastitis in cows].	studies were carried out to establish the specific antibodies in the milk and blood sera of cows recovered from a spontaneous infection of the udder caused by streptococci, staphylocci, corynebacteria, and some representatives of escherichia coli as well as of cows immunized with a polybacterial vaccine. followed up was likewise the resistance of the udder in vaccinated cows to bacterial infections. it was found that in both groups of animals the specific antibodies' titer ranged from 1:80 to 1: ...	1977	331658
effect of tetracycline upon transfer of an r plasmid from calves to human beings.	fecal specimens from human subjects in daily contact with calves shedding escherichia coli containing an r plasmid were analyzed for the presence of e coli and the plasmid. a low level of crossover was found to occur unrelated to whether or not the calves were receiving tetracycline.	1977	333999
[escherichia coli cell competence induced by calcium cations].	escherichia coli k-12 cells grown to early and late exponential, and early and late stationary phases were treated with ca2+ and analysed for the ability of exogenous 14c-dna uptake and genetic transformation. dna-membrane complexes were detected detected by isopicnic centrifugation of cell lysates in sucrose density gradient. it is found that 1) during all the tested phases of the growth cycle, e. coli cells attain the ability of enhanced dna uptake after ca2+ treatment; 2) exogenous and host d ...	1977	334632
resistance of neonatal calves given colostrum diet to oral challenge with a septicemia-producing escherichia coli.	twenty holstein-friesian male calves were obtained within 4 hours after bith (colostrum deprived) and allotted to 1 of 4 groups, each given a different feeding: colostrum, milk replacer, polyvinylpyrrolidone (pvp), and saline solution (0.85% nacl). each calf was fed 2 l of the respective diets every 12 hours. rectal temperatures were recorded and blood samples were collected immediately before each feeding. at approximately 27 hours of age, all calves were inoculated orally with 1.5 x 10(10) via ...	1977	335927
[dynamics of agglutinins following vaccination against coli-bacteriosis in calves].	a bivalent vaccine, produced with strains escherichia coli 078 and 0117 to control colibacteriosis in calves, was used to vaccinate experimentally 20 cows following up the agglutinin dynamics in the serum of calves born later on. it was found that the agglutinin titers of the 0 antibodies were lower than those of ok, and varied within the range of from 1:10 to 1:320, the titers of 1:20-1:40 values being prevalent. highest level of titers was observed by the third day following birth. ok antibodi ...	1977	337649
mammary blood flow during experimental escherichia coli endotoxin induced mastitis in goats and cows.	the effect of intramammary infusion of escherichia coli endotoxin upon mammary blood flow was studied in lactating goats and cows. blood flow was recorded by means of an electromagnetic flow probe chronically implanted around one mammary artery. endotoxin mastatis was always accompanied by a significant increase in mammary blood flow, characterized by 2 conspicuous peaks. the flow returned to control values by the thirteenth hour after infusion. other symptoms of acute mastitis were: fever, incr ...	1977	338650
studies on the immunity of the calf to colibacillosis--vii: the experimental reproduction of enteric colibacillosis in colostrum-fed calves.	eight newborn calves were challenged orally with a known enteropathogenic strain of escherichia coli 0101 k?(a) and two to six hours later each calf was fed a minimum of three pints colostrum. all calves suffered from acute diarrhoea of varying severity within 24 to 48 hours of infection. immunofluorescent and histological examination of the small intestine demonstrated adherence of the challenge organism to the epithelium and the presence of pathological lesions similar to those seen in colostr ...	1977	339479
biochemical characteristics of enterotoxigenic and nonenterotoxigenic escherichia coli isolated from calves with diarrhea.	eighteen isolates of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) and 15 isolates of nonenterotoxigenic e coli (netec) obtained from calves with diarrheal disease were characterized biochemically. of 64 biochemical tests employed, none allowed making differentiation of etec from netec. eleven tests were used to separate etec isolates into 1 of 5 biotypes, although the ability to ferment dulcitol, salicin, sucrose, and sorbose gave sufficient information to identify the 5 biotypes of etec. the biotype ...	1977	339791
thermal denaturation and template activities of reconstituted dna-histone complexes.	reconstituted complexes of dna with histone were prepared by salt-and-urea step gradient dialysis. the dna was complexed with histone h1, with the combination of the other four histones h2a, h2b, h3 and h4, and with whole histones. these dna-histone complexes were purified by bio-gel column chromatography, and the weight ratio of histone-to-dna was determined in each complex. the thermal denaturation profile and nuclease digestion pattern of dna-histone h2a, h2b, h3 and h4 complex were compatibl ...	1977	146400
[biochemical and serological studies of the e. coli strains isolated from cows with subclinical mastitis].	studies were serologically and biochemically a total of 17 strains of escherichia coli isolated from mastitis-affected cows in the districts of sofia, varna, and plovidiv. demonstrated were the serogroups 0125, 0111, 086, 025, 026, 055, and 0128, which were pathogenic for humans too. via the milk they were shown to reach both newborn animals and children and to cause severely expressed colienteritis. all investigated strains attacked glucose and manite, reduced nitrates into nitrites, and gave a ...	1977	343354
secondary-structure predictions of calcium-binding proteins.	the known tertiary structure of carp muscle parvalbumin is consistent with an "ef-hand" architecture (helix-loop-helix) for each calcium-ion binding site. primary-sequence alignments have indicated four ef hands in rabbit skeletal muscle troponin c and in rabbit myosin alkali light chains. five secondary-structure prediction methods, based on amino acid sequence only, have been fully computerized and used to calculate joint prediction histograms for several calcium-binding proteins. the joint hi ...	1977	836806
[methionyl-trna synthetase from wheat embryo: dissociation into subunits (author's transl)].	wheat -embryo methionyl-trna synthetase is a dimeric protein of beta2 structure. when highly diluted, it loses the capacity to catalyze atp-[32p]ppi exchange and to aminoacylate trnamet: at low enzymatic concentrations the rates of formation of[32p]atp and [14c]methionyl-trnamet are lower than those predicatedby extrapolating the rates determined at higher enzyme concentrations. the difference between observed and expected rates becomes greater with decreasing enzyme concentration. filtration of ...	1977	849749
tissue distribution and residues of beta-lactam antibiotics in normal dairy cows.	tissue residues and concentrations of benzylpenicillin, cloxacillin, ampicillin, amoxycillin, cephapirin, and cephacetrile were determined in normal dairy cows after parenteral administration of several forms of these drugs. assay methods included the sarcina lutea kidney test of van schothorst, the bacillus subtilis bga tests at ph 6.0 and 8.0, the escherichia coli test and a sarcina lutea test performed at ph 8.0 of the agar, and specific quantitative assay methods. the e. coli test method dem ...	1977	918925
in vitro adhesion of escherichia coli to porcine small intestinal epithelial cells: pili as adhesive factors.	escherichia coli strains with pili (k99 or 987p) known to facilitate intestinal colonization adhered in vitro to porcine intestinal epithelial cells. these strains adhered equally to both ileal and jejunal epithelial cells. a laboratory e. coli strain that has type 1 pili also adhered to porcine intestinal epithelial cells. when nonpiliated cells derived from 987p+, k99+, or type 1 pilus+ strains were used for in vitro adhesion assays, they failed to adhere. the attachment of piliated bacteria t ...	1978	357285
biological evaluation of a methanol-soluble, heat-stable escherichia coli enterotoxin in infant mice, pigs, rabbits, and calves.	escherichia coli p16 was shown to produce two heat-stable toxins (st) with differing biological activity. the toxins were separated by methanol extraction, and the first, sta, was methanol soluble, partially heat stable, active in neonatal piglets (1 to 3 days old) and infant mice, but inactive in weaned pigs (7 to 9 weeks old); the second, stb, was methanol insoluble, active in weaned pigs and rabbit ligated loops, but inactive in infant mice. it is therefore suggested that use of suckling mice ...	1978	357288
microscopic assay for the phagocytotic-collagenolytic performance (pcp index) of human gingival fibroblasts in vitro.	using 16 human gingival fibroblasts cell lines from patients with periodontitis, dilantin hyperplasia, and nonpathological gingiva, a microscopic assay was developed to quantitate the cells' ability to lyse collagen substrates. the method employs tissue culture chambers with one cover slip partially coated with a thin layer of undenatured fibrillar bovine collagen. the assay measures the relative numbers and sizes of holes in the collagen within defined regions of the cover slips effected by the ...	1978	363754
incidence of colicinogenic escherichia coli in sheep, goats and cattle.		1978	367012
purification of 3-phosphoglycerate kinase from diverse sources by affinity elution chromatography.	1. affinity elution chromatography was used to purify phosphoglycerate kinase from a variety of sources. the choice of buffer ph for the chromatography was made according to the relative electrophoretic mobility of the enzyme from the species concerned. 2. outlines of the methods used to isolate the enzyme from over 20 sources are presented. the enzyme was purified from the muscle tissue of a variety of mammals, fish and birds, from liver of several animals, from yeast, escherichia coli, and pla ...	1978	367367
hygiene in the prevention of udder infections. iv. evaluation of teat dips with excised cows' teats.	suspensions of staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus agalactiae, escherichia coli, and pseudomonas aeruginosa were used to contaminate teats excised from cows. commercially available teat dips were applied for evaluation of comparative germicidal activity. iodophors, sodium hypochlorite, and sodium dichloro-s-triazenetrione were highly effective against all four test organisms. quarternary ammonium, chlorhexidine, and cetylpyridinium chloride were effective against staphylococcus aureus, and stre ...	1978	100535
[microbiological studies on bacterial spectra of milk samples from healthy udder quarters and from those with increased cell counts and/or conductivity values].	the germ levels of 2,182 milk samples obtained from udder quarters with subclinical mastitis were compared to milk sampled from 2,061 udder quarters with physiological cell counts or conductivity values. three cattle herds were involved in the test programme. no germ growth was established from 9.5 per cent of all samples taken from udder quarters with increased cell counts and conductivities and from 4.1 per cent of those samples taken from intact udder quarters. samples taken from udder quarte ...	1978	104694
incidence and relationship of group d streptococci with other indicator organisms in meats.	raw and processed meats were analyzed for presumptive group d streptococci using kf streptococcus agar. counts were compared with coliform, presumptive escherichia coli, and enterobacteriaceae counts but no meaningful relationships were observed. results indicated that group d streptococci and e. coli type i were principally contaminants from the packing plant, rather than at retail level. the predominating group d streptococcus in both beef and pork cuts was streptococcus faecalis, while in pro ...	1978	106944
use of polyvalent cow colostrum in the prevention of enteric infections in calves and piglets.	colostrum of cows immunized with a polyvalent vaccine against enteropathogenic strains of escherichia coli gave good protection to piglets and calves against enteric coli infections. bovine immunoglobulin (igg1) and its precipitable fragments persisted in the small intestine of piglets for 6 hours after oral administration. the proteolytic breakdown of porcine colostral igg2, which occurs predominantly in the small intestine proceeded at a higher rate than that of heterologous bovine colostral i ...	1978	371506
the sources of "oh" serotypes of escherichia coli.	the sources from which different "oh" serotypes of escherichia coli have been isolated are listed in a series of tables. it is considered that these tables should provide a basis for obtaining a greater understanding of the ecology of e. coli.	1978	340583
new surface-associated heat-labile colonization factor antigen (cfa/ii) produced by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli of serogroups o6 and o8.	enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) belonging to serogroups o6 and o8 do not possess the h-10407-type colonization factor antigen (cfa/i). however, these frequently isolated etec were found to possess a second and distinct heat-labile surface-associated colonization factor antigen, termed cfa/ii. whereas cfa/i mediates mannose-resistant hemagglutination of human group a erythrocytes, cfa/ii does not. cfa/ii mediates mannose-resistant hemagglutination of bovine erythrocytes, and mannose-resis ...	1978	80383
localization of the site of adenylylation of glutamine synthetase by electron microscopy of an enzyme-antibody complex.	antibodies to the nucleosidel,n(6)-ethenoadenosine have been used to localize the site of adenylylation of the glutamine synthetase [l-glutamate:ammonia ligase (adp-forming), ec 6.3.1.2] of escherichia coli. antibodies were induced in rabbits by injection of a bovine albumin-ethenoadenosine conjugate. the resulting antisera strongly bound ethenoadenosine, its 5'-nucleotide, or protein conjugates of the nucleoside; little or no crossreaction was seen to adenosine, amp, or the protein carrier. eth ...	1978	32536
binding of phosphorylated histone h1 to dna.	a chromatin associated protein kinase was used to add 3 moles of phosphate to seryl side chains of 1 mole of histone h1. the dna binding properties of this in vitro phosphorylated h1 were compared with those of unmodified h1. considerably more radioactive superhelical dna was retained on nitrocellulose filters at 20mm-40mm nacl by phosphorylated h1 than by unmodified h1. however, zone velocity sedimentation analysis of histone-dna complexes indicated that similar amounts of phosphorylated and un ...	1978	209406
glycoproteins of natural origin with an affinity for hepatitis b surface antigen.	sera from certain animal species contain a substance(s) which binds hepatitis b surface antigen. the hepatitis b binding substance found in animals is not antibody, but appears to be a glycoprotein which reacted with antigen-coated beads and produced a "false positive" test for antibody. this glycoprotein could be selectively and quantitatively removed by reaction with purified hepatitis b surface antigen and centrifugation. pili fractions isolated from neisseria gonorrhoeae and escherichia coli ...	1978	213390
elisa: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	similar in design to radioimmunoassay, comparable in sensitivity and specificity but easier, safer, and less expensive, this new diagnostic technique uses enzyme-labeled rather than isotope-labeled reagents. the end point is a color change that can be assessed by colorimetry or with the naked eye. various techniques of elisa are described, along with examples of current and potential clinical applications.	1978	215505
transcription of nucleosomal dna in sv40 minichromosomes by eukaryotic and prokaryotic rna polymerases.	sv 40 minichromosomes can be transcribed by prokaryotic and eukaryotic rna polymerases. size analysis of transcripts indicated that dna in nucleosomes was accessible for transcription by both enzymes. sedimentation of the transcription complex showed that minichromosomes which were being transcribed had a full complement of nucleosomes. strand selection by e. coli rna polymerase was reduced by the presence of nucleosomes. no region of sv 40 dna was preferentially transcribed on minichromosomes b ...	1979	223131
studies on the substrate specificity of the dna methylase activity from escherichia coli k-12.	a partially purified extract of dna methylases from e. coli k-12 containing dna-adenine as well as dna-cytosine methylase activities has been examined with respect to different dna species as substrates. the results show that the natural content of 6-map) in the applied dna represses the dna-adenine methylase activity. on the other hand, 5-mc, already present in the substrate does not influence the activity of the dna-cytosine methylase. dna from micrococcus radiodurans, which is completely free ...	1979	232591
some effects of the administration of endotoxin in mice. specific cleavage of serum albumin by an acid protease and the generation of amyloid serum component.	endotoxin has been shown to induce amyloidosis in mice and to result in the appearance in serum of large amounts of amyloidrelated protein (saa). after injection of 300 mug lipopolysaccharide escherichia coli, saa behaves as an acute phase reactant with levels reaching a peak of >600 mug/ml at 18-22 h and returning to base line (<50 mug/ml) by 48 h in each of four strains tested; only the endotoxin-resistant c3h/hej strain showed a smaller response. lesser, though significant, elevations were al ...	1979	34628
diastereoisomeric glucuronides of oxazepam. isolation and stereoselective enzymic hydrolysis.	oxazepam glucuronide isolated from swine urine by previously published methods was separated into its diastereoisomers by ion-exchange chromatography on a preparative scale. quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography was used to monitor the separation. the two isomers were obtained in analytically pure form and then characterized by elemental analysis, oxazepam content, mass spectrometry, ultraviolet spectroscopy, optical rotation and optical rotatory dispersion-circular dichroism. the ...	1979	35325
review: ethidium fluorescence assays. part 1. physicochemical studies.	dna and rna can be assayed rapidly and very sensitively by exploiting the enhanced fluorescence of ethidium intercalated into duplex regions. by assaying at different phs and introducing a heating/cooling cycle, a great many physicochemical aspects of dna and rna can be studied avoiding the use of radiolabels, and often giving information not otherwise readily obtainable. studies are described on duplex dna which involve measurement of extinction coefficients, cross-linking by chemicals, cot cur ...	1979	41222
resistance of gram-negative bacteria to antibiotics in large calf agglomerations.	the antibiotic resistance of e. coli, citrobacter, enterobacter-klebsiella and pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from calves was tested. a high proportion of multiresistance was found even in e. coli strains isolated from newborn calves. gram-negative bacteria isolated from animals in three large calfhouses were almost 100% resistant to ampicillin, tetracyclines and sulphonamides. multiresistance was general and varied from 5 to 12 antibiotics among different strains. initial high sensitiv ...	1979	41425
enzymic polyadenylation of 5s ribosomal ribonucleic acid and synthesis of a complementary deoxyribonucleic acid.	the 5s ribosomal rna has been isolated, pure and intact, from rat liver (5 mg of 5s rna from 150g of liver). the 5s rna serves as a primer for calf thymus poly(a) polymerase with 20% of the efficiency of (ap)3a. bacterial 5s rna and transfer rna also serve as primers; rat liver 18s and 28s ribosomal rnas support poly(a) synthesis poorly. neither the 5s rna primer nor the appended poly(a) tract is nicked or degraded by poly(a) polymerase, and initiation of poly(a) tracts on 5s rna primers continu ...	1979	88957
biochemical and topographical studies on escherichia coli cell surface. iv. giant spheroplast formation from a filamentous cell.	long, nonseptate filamentous cells consisting of 5 to 40 single-cell unit lengths were formed from escherichia coli surface mutant ont-3 by treatment with a sublethal concentration of sodium dodecyl sylfate. as distinct from several other elongated cells (e.g., thymine-starved filaments), it was found here that stable giant spheroplasts, 5 to 10 micrometers in diameter, were produced by the action of lysozyme in the presence of bovine serum albumin via the gradual fusion of distinct spheroplasti ...	1979	374397
leucocytic changes in cows given intravenous injections of e coli endotoxin.		1979	380122
early mitochondrial damage in the induction of haemorrhagic necrosis in the crocker sarcoma (s 180) by endotoxin.	disturbances in the functional properties of tumor mitochondria have been studied during the course of induction of haemorrhage brought about by endotoxin in the murine crocker sarcoma (s 180). extensive impairment of function was already present in mitochondria isolated from control tumors, as shown by low respiratory control ratios. the existing mitochondrial damage intensified promptly in response to injection of endotoxin long before the onset of haemorrhage at 4 h. the nature of the additio ...	1979	381316
[interaction of oligophosphates of pyridoxal with certain enzymes of polynucleotide synthesis].	the interaction of pyridoxal, pyridoxal-5'-mono-, di- and triphosphate with certain enzymes of polynucleotide synthesis (dna-dependent rna polymerase, dna-dependent dna polymerase i and polynucleotide phosphorylase from escherichia coli and terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase from calf thymus) was studied. all compounds tested was found to be reversible and competitive inhibitors of these enzymes. the reduction of the enzyme-inhibitor complex with nabh4 gives rise to the complete irreversib ...	1979	381898
the survival of serum resistant escherichia coli in the bovine mammary gland following experimental infection.	serum resistant strains of escherichia coli were injected into one or two quarters of the udders of eight healthy dairy cows. animals receiving infection into two quarters showed variation in their ability to eliminate the bacteria. this variation extended from elimination from both glands to complete failure to remove the organisms from either gland. in most cases, the organisms were removed from one gland before the clinical signs of infection were observed, but persisted in the other gland fo ...	1979	382316
the pathogenesis of experimental escherichia coli mastitis in newly calved dairy cows.	experimental infections of the mammary gland of newly calved cows with 500 serum resistant escherichia coli produced a very severe form of mastitis when compared with animals in mid-lactation. ten hours after infection the bacteria had multiplied in the milk to very high numbers (10(6)--10(7)/ml) and the animals showed signs of pyrexia, anorexia and diarrhoea. initially the gland and milk showed little or no clinical signs of mastitis, but later the secretion became a viscous, serous fluid with ...	1979	382318
circular dichroism anisotrophy of dna with different modifications at n7 of guanine.	the complexex dna-ag1+, dna-cu1+, protonated dna and dna methylated at n7 of guanine were oriented by pumping the solutions through a multicapillary cell in the direction of a light beam. the cd components along the dna axis, delta epsilon parallel, and normal to it, 2 delta epsilon perpendicular, were calculated from the cd spectra of the oriented samples by the method of chung and holzwarth, (1975) j. mol. biol. 92, 449--466. it was shown that in most cases, except that of the protonated dna, ...	1979	385054
the origin of yolk-dna in xenopus laevis.	xenopus laevis serum and plasma was found to contain an average of 25 microgram dna/ml. isolated x. laevis oocytes incubated in medium containing 25 microgram dna/ml labeled with either 125i, 32p or 14c and from three different sources (bovine, e. coli and x. laevis), incorporated the label at an average rate of 0.11 ng.mm-2.hr-1. sucrose gradient fractionation of oocytes revealed that 40-75% of the acid-precipitable label incorporated was associated with the yolk platelets. additional incubatio ...	1979	385804
ribosome structure: localization of 3' end of rna in small subunit by immunoelectronmicroscopy.	the 3' end of the rna in the 30s ribosomal subunit of escherichia coli has been modified by oxidation with sodium periodate and conjugation with the (mono) dinitrophenyl derivative of ethylenediamine. antibodies, induced with dinitrophenyl-bovine serum albumin, interact with the modified ribosomal subunits. electron micrographs of negatively stained antibody-subunit complexes show individual ribosomal subunits to which a single antibody molecule is bound and subunit dimers cross-linked by an igg ...	1979	386348
a rhelogical separator for very large dna molecules.	we present a rheological separation method for dna molecules in which their deformability is used to advantage. this is the "radial migration method"; here we present experimental verification of the principle, theory having been reported elsewhere. the main conclusions are: (1) the theory is reasonably good; (2) radial migration is highly sensitive to the molecular weight, as predicted, and (3) intact t2 dna (1.25 x 108 daltons) can be made to migrate about three centimeters in less than three ...	1979	388346
the effect of an intramammary infusion of endotoxin on experimentally induced mycoplasmal mastitis.	the infusion of 10 microgram of endotoxin lipopolysaccharide from escherichia coli into the mammary gland of four cows 16 h before inoculation with ureaplasmas did not prevent, or even diminish, the subsequent ureaplasmal mastitis. there was no reduction in the severity or duration of the inflammatory cell response in milk or in the clinical appearance of the resulting mastitis. also, the excretion of ureaplasmas was not reduced. a similar experiment with mycoplasma dispar in two cows demonstrat ...	1979	390046
recurrent coliform mastitis in the dairy cow.	daily monitoring of milk over a 120-day period for bacteria and neutrophil counts revealed that following experimental e coli mastitis, five out of 28 infections resulted in the development of a long continued and recurring condition. intermittent periods of acute inflammation were observed in the gland, pyrexia was noted, and if bacteria were isolated they were always of the same serotype as the original infecting strain. failure to isolate bacteria and the lack of overt inflammation during per ...	1979	390847
the pathogenesis of enteric colibacillosis in neonatal unsuckled calves.	the development of pathological lesions in the small intestine of neonatal calves is described. seven newborn calves were challenged orally with a known enteropathogenic strain of e coli 0101k?(a) and killed at varying times after inoculation. adhesion of bacteria to the mucosa of the small intestine was observed in all calves. a few organisms were seen in the distal small intestine at three hours after inoculation and thereafter adhesion progressed anteriorly along the intestine in calves kille ...	1979	390852
vaccination of the dam by the intramuscular or deep subcutaneous route to prevent neonatal calf enteric colibacillosis.	comparison of colostrum-induced immunities in calves was made by challenge exposure with escherichia coli. these calves were delivered of cows which were vaccinated intramuscularly or deep subcutaneously (in the region of the mammary lymph nodes) with strain b44 e coli bacterin during the last trimester of pregnancy. the calf of each cow was allowed to nurse colostrum naturally after birth. cows vaccinated by either route of administration were capable of providing increased resistance to their ...	1979	393149
[immunobiological activity of various blood serum fractions from cattle and swine. the dynamics of ig in specific serum against colibacillosis in pigs].	the level of the igm and igg agglutinating antibody specific hyperimmune serum against coli-bacteriosis and its fractions were studied. the serum was obtained at various stages of the preparation, hyperimmunization and exploitation of serum producing swine by using the 2-mercapto-ethanol test. it was established that serum of the total globulin, alpha-beta-globulin and gamma-globulin fractions contains igm and igg agglutinating antibodies against e. coli. these immunoglobulin classes are synthet ...	1979	396718
diethylaminoalkyloxycoumarin and -furocoumarin derivatives.	four series of diethylaminoalkoxyderivatives of coumarin (at the positions 4 and 7) and furocoumarin (at the positions 5 and 8) have been prepared, in order to study their complexing capacity with dna, these compounds having a double possibility of interaction, that is intercalation of the aromatic moiety between two base pairs and formation of an electrostatic bond between their terminal amino group and a phosphoric group of dna. some biological effects connected with the interaction with dna h ...	1979	399924
anomalous reaction of 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan with thiol compounds.	the kinetics of reaction of 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan with thiol groups at ph values above 5 cannot be accounted for solely on the basis of formation of a single product, the 4-thio derivative. spectroscopic observations indicate that, in addition to the 4-thio derivative, at least two other products are formed. one of these, referred to as p1, is most likely a reversible complex of thiol compound and 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan of the meisenheimer type. the other product, p2, which forms pr ...	1979	435240
bacteriological quality of runoff water from pastureland.	runoff from a cow-calf pasture in eastern nebraska was monitored for total coliforms (tc), fecal coliforms (fc), and fecal streptococci (fs) during 1976, 1977, and 1978. bacteriological counts in runoff from both grazed and ungrazed areas generally exceeded recommended water quality standards. the fc group was the best indicator group of the impact of grazing. rainfall runoff from the grazed area contained 5 to 10 times more fc than runoff from the fenced, ungrazed area. there was little differe ...	1979	114112
[aanalysis of resistance and its transferability in microflora from primary meat production].	resistance spectra and their transferability were studied in g- strains isolated from the primary production of meat by the method after bohus (1974). out of the set of strains, 93% were resistant, and out of these, 65% were multiresistant. thirty-five per cent of the resistant strains were r plasmid donors. of the two recipients, the laboratory strain of e. coli ihe nx was significantly better. among the 21 determined resistance spectra, the following were the most frequent: tc, smtcsu, and tca ...	1979	117592
antibiotic resistance and transferable antibiotica resistance escherichia coli isolated from calves on a modern farm with therapeutic problems and unsatisfactory management conditions.	on a farm with therapeutic problems and unsatisfactory management conditions, the occurrence of antibiotic resistance and transferable antibiotic resistance has been studied in e. coli isolated from calves which were 5 and 30 days old. strains with resistance to up to seven antibiotics as well as transferable resistance against up to five antibiotics were recorded. on an average, 4.2 strains with different patterns and 4.0 different strains with transferable resistance were isolated from each ca ...	1979	370760
inhibition of e coli atpase activity by a troponin component, tn-i, and by mitochondrial atpase inhibitor.	the enzymic activity of mg2+- or ca2+-stimulated atpase from escherichia coli was inhibited by one of the troponin components, tn-i, and by mitochondrial atpase inhibitor (f1-inhibitor). the inhibitory ability of component tn-i against mg2+-stimulated atpase activity was lost after digestion of component tn-i with trypsin. the mg2+-stimulated atpase activity inhibited by component tn-i was completely restored by the addition of another troponin component tn-c.	1979	160325
the early pathogenesis of bovine mastitis due to escherichia coli.	the pathogenesis of coliform mastitis was studied after infusing each of ten lactating quarters of three dairy cows with a large dose (ca. 1 x 10(9) colony-forming units) of virulent escherichia coli strain b117. this approach was adopted first to maximize the chance of observing microscopic lesions in the tissues of a gland and secondly to overwhelm the differences that might be shown between animals in their response to the infection. the infected glands were examined at intervals of up to 4 h ...	1980	6109290
new haemagglutinating fimbriae on escherichia coli strains isolated from urine.	the haemagglutination patterns of 255 urinary escherichia coli isolates were examined with human (a, rh+), bovine, chicken and guinea pig erythrocytes in the presence and absence of d-mannose. the strains were divided into four groups according to their haemagglutination properties. about 40% of the isolated agglutinated human red blood cells in the presence of d-mannose. the haemagglutinin of one of these. e. coli o18a, c: k- strain no. 119 was stable, temperature sensitive, did not develop at ...	1980	6110318
isolation and properties of calmodulin from dictyostelium discoideum.	a calcium-dependent regulatory protein (calmodulin) was purified from vegetative amoebae of dictyostelium discoideum. the properties of dictyostelium calmodulin are similar but not identical to those of bovine brain calmodulin. calmodulin activity was not detected in extracts of saccharomyces cerevisiae or escherichia coli.	1980	6243626
dissociation and reconstitution of membranes synthesizing the peptidoglycan of escherichia coli. lipid dependence of the synthetic enzymes.	the peptidoglycan synthetic enzymes can be dissociated with cholate and licl into components with mobilities on a gel filtration column in the same ranges as bovine serum albumin. the active enzymes can be separated further from the lipids necessary for synthesis by precipitation with ammonium sulfate. the needed lipids stable to hydrolysis with base. a protein needed for peptidoglycan polymerization can be separated from the other synthetic enzymes by hydroxylapatite chromatography.	1980	6244296
the dna polymerase beta reaction with ultraviolet-irradiated dna incised by correndonuclease.	covalently closed circular col e1 dna was ultraviolet-irradiated with a dose of 60 j/m2, thus introducing about 3.2 pyrimidine dimers per dna molecule. treatment of irradiated col e1 dna with micrococcus luteus correndonuclease resulted, in the vicinity of pyrimidine dimers, in an average of 3.3 incisions per dna molecule, and converted dna to the open circular form. incised col e1 dna stimulated no reaction with calf thymus dna polymerase alpha but was recognized as a template by dna polymerase ...	1980	6250619
cloning of human papilloma virus genomic dnas and analysis of homologous polynucleotide sequences.	the complete dna genomes of four distinct human papilloma viruses (human papilloma virus subtype 1a [hpv-1a], hpv-1b, hpv-2a, and hpv-4) were molecularly cloned in escherichia coli, using the certified plasmid vector pbr322. the restriction endonuclease patterns of the cloned hpv-1a and hpv-1b dnas were similar to those already published for uncloned dnas. physical maps were constructed for hpv-2a dna and hpv-4 dna, since these viral dnas had not been previously mapped. by using the cloned dnas, ...	1980	6253665
rotavirus infections in calves in dairy herds.	neonatal calf diarrhoea was studied in 115 calves of one dairy herd from january 1976 to june 1977. two syndromes could be distinguished: a mild and short lasting 'early diarrhoea' within the first three days of life and a usually more severe 'late diarrhoea' from the fourth to the 14th day of life. the latter type of diarrhoea occurred almost exclusively during the first half of the year. thirty-four out of 45 calves with late diarrhoea excreted rotaviruses, whereas only one of 34 calves with e ...	1980	6258202
identification of a class of lysines within the non-specific dna-binding site of rna polymerase core enzyme from escherichia coli.	the imido ester, methyl acetimidate, which specifically amidinates lysine residues, modifies rna polymerase core enzyme, leading to rapid loss of activity. calf thymus dna partially protects the enzyme against this inactivation, an effect which disappears at high salt concentration. dna protects 17 +/- 6 lysines from amidination at low salt concentration. the dependence of amidination on methyl acetimidate concentration is examined in the presence of dna at high and low salt concentration. analy ...	1980	6804229
structurally unique basic protein coextracted with histones from calf thymus chromatin.	a histone-like protein that is rich in alanine and lysine (protein ak) has been obtained in homogeneous form by high-resolution gel filtration of h2so4 extracts of calf thymus chromatin. protein ak: (i) migrates as a single band in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in both acetic acid/urea and sodium dodecyl sulfate; (ii) is a basic protein; (iii) lacks tryptophan; (iv) is not extracted from chromatin with 0.35 m nacl; and (v) is not soluble in 0.75 m hclo4. protein ak is distinguished from the ...	1980	6929493
responses of b-cells to mitogens and antigen in mice receiving isogenic splenocytes from animals treated with trichinella extract.	splenocytes of c57bl/6j mice injected with a trichinella spiralis larval extract for 7 consecutive days were transferred in two doses into isogenic, immunocompetent mice. on the 3rd day, some recipients were immunized with 10(9) sheep red blood cells and others were killed to investigate blastogenic response of their splenocytes to concanavalin a (con a), escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (lps), and mycobacterium's purified protein derivative (ppd). on the 8th day of immunization, the correspo ...	1980	6970260
vaccination of cows with a k99 extract to protect newborn calves against experimental enterotoxic colibacillosis.	pregnant cows and heifers were vaccinated with a crude k99 extract prepared from an escherichia coli k-12, k99 strain. a similar group, injected with an extract prepared from the k-12 parent strain, served as a control. eleven calves were born to both groups and challenged orally with a mean of 1.6 x 10(11) bacteria of enterotoxic e. coli b41 (o101:k99+, st+) at the time of first colostrum uptake (1 to 7 h after birth). as a result of challenge, no death occurred in the vaccine group, but four c ...	1980	6987168
the antibiotic activity of the lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate-hydrogen peroxide system in the calf abomasum.	the lactoperoxidase system which had been previously shown to kill gram-negative organisms (eg, coliforms, salmonellae, pseudomonads) in vitro, was found to be activated in vivo. the lactoperoxidase was provided by the milk and the thiocyanate either by the milk or by its secretion in the abomasum. the third factor was provided either by a h2o2 generating system (glucose oxidase and glucose) or by h2o2 producing lactobacilli. the latter occur naturally in large numbers in the abomasum of the cal ...	1980	6990446
fibrin in peritonitis. i. beneficial and adverse effects of fibrin in experimental e. coli peritonitis.	fibrin has classically been considered a defense mechanism of the peritoneal cavity. we have studied the role of purified fibrin in the pathogenesis of intraperitoneal infection. implantation of 0.5% bovine fibrin clots containing 2 x 10(8) e. coli into the rat peritoneal cavity reduces the 24-hour mortality rate from 100% to 0% compared to bacteria in a similar volume of saline solution. however, the 10-day mortality rate with fibrin is 90%; 100% develop intraperitoneal abscesses. animals recei ...	1980	6992321
the distribution of prostaglandins in afferent and efferent lymph from inflammatory sites.	arachidonic acid labeled with (14)c was injected directly into lymph nodes that had been stimulated at various times with escherichia coli. the efferent lymph was collected, and labeled catabolites were extracted and analyzed chromatographically. the pimary conversion product recovered was prostaglandin e(2) (pge(2)), with the lesser products thromboxane, prostacyclin and prostaglandin f(2alpha) (pgf(2alpha)) also detected. when the efferent lymph was analyzed by radioimmunoassay after subcutane ...	1980	6992593
cloning of dna complementary to bovine prolactin mrna.	we have cloned dna complementary to mrna coding for bovine prolactin (bprl). double-stranded cdna prepared from bovine pituitary mrna was inserted into the pst i site of plasmid bpr322 by the dc x dg tailing technique and amplified in e. coli chi 1776. a recombinant plasmid containing bprl cdna was identified by hybridization to cloned rat prl cdna. it contains cdna corresponding to the region of the mrna coding for the carboxy terminal 101 amino acids of bprl, as well as 42 nucleotides in the 3 ...	1980	6995103
identification of a carbohydrate receptor recognized by uropathogenic escherichia coli.	earlier investigations have shown that pyelonephritic escherichia coli specifically recognize and bind to carbohydrate structures correlated to the p blood group antigens. these findings are confirmed and extended in this study. twenty-two of 23 nonselected e. coli strains from children with acute febrile pyelonephritis failed to agglutinate human erythrocytes lacking the antigens within the p blood group system. only one of 32 faecal isolates exhibited this specific agglutinating property. the ...	1980	6997213
cephamycin c treatment of induced enterotoxigenic colibacillosis (scours) in calves and piglets.	cephamycin c is a beta-lactam antibiotic that has broad gram-negative activity and is resistant to degradation by beta-lactamases and safe for use in animals. in colostrum-fed calves infected with escherichia coli strain b44, cephamycin c administered by gavage at 31.3 to 1,000 mg per calf (0.75 to 24 mg/kg) twice a day for 6 days starting at 20 h post-inoculation eliminated the diarrhea and reduced the mortality from 90% in infected, nonmedicated calves to 14% in infected, medicated calves (p < ...	1980	6999985
the binding of a fluorescent activator 2-(n-decyl)aminonaphthalene-6-sulfonic acid to pyruvate oxidase.	e. coli pyruvate oxidase (pyruvate:ferricytochrome b1 oxidoreductase, ec 1.2.2.2) is a peripheral membrane flavoenzyme which has been purified to homogeneity. in vivo the oxidase resides on the inner surface of the cytoplasmic membrane and is coupled to the bacterial electron transport chain. in vitro, the purified oxidase requires lipids for full enzymatic activity. previous studies have characterized the conformational and energetic coupling between the lipid-binding site(s) and the catalytic ...	1980	7000189
construction and characterization of a cdna clone containing a portion of the bovine prolactin sequence.	poly(a)-containing rna from the bovine anterior pituitary has been used as a template for the enzymatic synthesis of double-stranded cdna. the resulting double-stranded cdna was inserted into the pst i site of pbr322 with the oligo(dg)-oligo(dc) tailing technique and subsequently cloned in e. coli chi 1776. clones containing sequences complementary to prolactin mrna were identified by colony hybridization with partially purified prolactin cdna. a 250 base pair sequence from one prolactin positiv ...	1980	7001369
novel histone h2a-like protein of escherichia coli.	a histone-like protein (h) from escherichia coli has been purified to more than 98% homogeneity by using its capacity to inhibit dna functions. h protein behaves as a dimer of 28,000-dalton subunits. the histone h2a-like properties of h protein are: (i) binding to dna at a stoichiometry of 1 h protein dimer per 75 bases; (ii) abundance of about 30,000 molecules per cell, sufficient to bind about 20% of the chromosome; (iii) limiting digestion of double-stranded dna by micrococcal nuclease; (iv) ...	1980	7001471