Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| computerized tomography in the evaluation of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. | allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) is a destructive disease of the lung characteristically associated with central bronchiectasis. this study was designed to determine if high-resolution computerized tomography (ct) could be used to define bronchiectasis in patients with suspected disease. sixteen patients with asthma were studied. all demonstrated immediate cutaneous reactivity to common aeroallergens including aspergillus fumigatus. eight patients had clinical and immunologic evide ... | 1990 | 2240844 |
| [successful drug therapy in aspergillus endocarditis]. | a 74-year-old man who had a weight loss of 7 kg in three months, with fever up to 38 degrees c and anaemia (hb 9.4 g/dl) began to have pain and blue discoloration of fingers ii-v of the right hand. echocardiography demonstrated vegetation on the aortic valve cusps and blood culture grew aspergillus fumigatus, indicating aspergillus endocarditis. there were no predisposing factors. valve replacement was contraindicated because of the age of the patient, the presence of peripheral arterial disease ... | 1990 | 2245766 |
| a murine model for the study of the impact of aspergillus fumigatus inoculation on the foeto-placental unit. | pregnant female balb/c mice were inoculated intravenously with aspergillus fumigatus conidia in different concentrations (1 x 10(1)-1 x 10(8)) on day 10 of pregnancy. pregnancy was confirmed by the presence of murine alpha-fetoprotein (m-afp) in the maternal circulation. conidia inoculation of 1 x 10(3) and greater significantly (p less than 0.0001) resulted in abortion or placental lesions. uterine cell infiltrations were recognized in 75% of the mice which aborted following the inoculation of ... | 1990 | 2250688 |
| evaluation of basidiomycete and deuteromycete (fungi imperfecti) extracts for shared allergenic determinants. | aqueous extracts of select members of the basidiomycetes and deuteromycetes (fungi imperfecti) were evaluated for the presence of shared allergenic determinants using skin prick and radio-allergosorbent test (rast) inhibition. twenty adults with perennial symptoms of rhinitis, with or without asthma, were skin-prick tested with six species of deuteromycetes and seven species of basidomycetes. positive weal-and-flare reactivity to pleurotus ostreatus was associated with alternaria alternata, fusa ... | 1990 | 2253084 |
| purification and characterisation of an extracellular serine proteinase from aspergillus fumigatus and its detection in tissue. | a serine proteinase (alp) from the culture supernate of a clinical isolate of aspergillus fumigatus was purified to virtual homogeneity at a yield of 41%. the procedure involved affinity chromatography on agarose-epsilon-amino-caproyl-d-tryptophan methyl ester. alp had an estimated mol. wt of 32 kda and the pi was determined at ph 7.9. the enzyme was fully inhibited by phenylmethyl sulphonyl fluoride, chymostatin and alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor, and it was largely inhibited by alpha-1-anti-chym ... | 1990 | 2258912 |
| inhibition and killing of fungi by the polyamine oxidase-polyamine system. antifungal activity of the pao-polyamine system. | both components of the polyamine oxidase (pao)-polyamine system are known to be present in phagocytes and have thus been postulated to contribute to the antimicrobial activity of these cells. therefore, the effects of the pao-polyamine system on three medically important opportunistic fungi were examined. yeasts of cryptococcus neoformans, but not candida albicans blastoconidia or aspergillus fumigatus conidia, were efficiently killed by the system. two putative end products of the system, hydro ... | 1990 | 2264722 |
| a case of occupational allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis unique to japan. | a 15-year-old female was diagnosed in 1980 as having allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) due to aspergillus fumigatus based on rosenberg and patterson's criteria for the disease. the patient is the eldest daughter of a family of domestic brewers of soy sauce and bean paste in a small village, an occupation unique to japan. the brewing process involved the use of aspergillus oryzae as a fermenting agent. the patient had experienced episodic wheezing and pulmonary infiltrates during the ... | 1990 | 2282302 |
| biochemical mode of action and enantiomeric selectivity of sdz 89-485, a new triazole antimycotic. | sdz 89-485, a new triazole antimycotic agent, potently inhibited ergosterol biosynthesis in cells of candida. trichophyton and aspergillus. biosynthesis was measured both by incorporation of radiolabelled acetate and also by methylation of the sterol side chain. inhibition was accompanied by accumulation of radiolabel in 4,4-dimethylsterols and to a lesser extent in the 4-methylsterols, consistent with inhibition of lanosterol 14-demethylation. no other steps were affected. ergosterol biosynthes ... | 1990 | 2283585 |
| amikacin plus piperacillin versus ceftazidime as initial therapy in granulocytopenic patients with presumed bacteremia. | 69 febrile granulocytopenic episodes without an initial focus of infection were assessed for empiric treatment either with high-dose amikacin plus piperacillin or ceftazidime. 90% of patients in each group survived the granulocytopenic episode; 15 (44 +/- 17%) episodes treated with the combination and 23 (66 +/- 16%) given ceftazidime responded without any modification of initial therapy and half defervesced within 72 h. persistent fever was the most frequent reason for altering treatment which ... | 1990 | 2284577 |
| short-term curative treatment of aspergillus fumigatus pneumonia with fluconazole. | a 67-year-old previously healthy female presented with fever, malaise and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. serology and culture were positive for aspergillus fumigatus. after 15 days of treatment with fluconazole, clinical cure and regression of the infiltrates were obtained. no side-effects were observed during or after treatment. | 1990 | 2284583 |
| [allergenicity of the osmophilic fungus aspergillus restrictus evaluated by skin prick test and radioallergosorbent test]. | recently large amounts of aspergillus restrictus, a species of osmophilic fungi, have been detected in house dust using culture media with low water activity. but little attention has been paid to this fungus as an allergen. in the present study, the authors examined the allergenic activity of a. restrictus by skin prick tests and radioallergosorbent tests (rast) on 94 asthmatic patients (mean age 12.0, range 3-18). aspergillus fumigatus, alternaria alternata and house dust were used for compari ... | 1990 | 2288495 |
| [a case of aspergillus empyema with bronchopleural fistula]. | pleural aspergillosis is not a common disease and we recently experienced a case of aspergillus empyema with bronchopleural fistula. a 76 year-old man was admitted to our hospital with productive cough and fever. chest x-ray films showed infiltration in the right lower and left middle field and rather lucent area (clearing) in the right lower lung. antibiotic therapy was administered but no improvement was obtained. chest ct scan and right bronchography revealed empyema in the right back portion ... | 1990 | 2290234 |
| respiratory atopy in rio de janeiro. | an epidemiologic study was conducted in rio de janeiro, brazil, evaluating 1,410 patients with asthma and/or rhinitis. allergy skin testing was performed in 1,219 patients (intradermal and/or multi-test lincoln diagnostics techniques). thirteen different allergens were tested: house dust, dermatophagoides farinae, grasses, alternaria tenuis, hormodendrum hordei, penicillium mix, aspergillus fumigatus, dogs, cats, feathers, fleas, cockroaches, and household insects. the most frequent positive imm ... | 1990 | 2306018 |
| aspergillosis in gentoo penguins (pygoscelis papua) at edinburgh zoo, 1964 to 1988. | aspergillosis was the commonest cause of death in gentoo penguins (pygoscelis papua) at edinburgh zoo from 1964 to 1988. chicks were the most susceptible group and 14 per cent of hatched birds died of the disease (47 per cent of post mortem diagnoses) although in two years no cases were recorded and in two other years there were outbreaks which killed more than 50 per cent of the birds hatched. there was no correlation between the size of the colony and the prevalence of the disease but the clim ... | 1990 | 2309389 |
| serum igg antibody concentrations against environmental microbes in mares and foals during different seasons and effect of stabling practices. | over periods of 22 and 14 months, igg antibody concentrations in serum samples obtained monthly from 14 mares and 19 foals, respectively, were measured by use of elisa against antigens of the following environmental microbes: aspergillus umbrosus, penicillium brevicompactum, rhodotorula glutinis, absidia corymbifera, aspergillus fumigatus, humicola grisea, micropolyspora faeni, and thermoactinomyces vulgaris. the mares and foals were on pasture from early june until early october, then were stab ... | 1990 | 2327613 |
| fungi of the house dust in riyadh, saudi arabia. | 30 species belonging to 18 genera were isolated from floor dust of 30 homes in riyadh. out of them 16 species and 10 genera were isolated from dust of air conditioners of the same homes. the most common genera in floor dust were aspergillus, penicillium and cladosporium. aspergillus repens, a. amstelodami, a. versicolor, a. fumigatus, penicillium purpurogenum, p. crustosum, cladosporium cladosporoides and c. herbarum were frequently isolated. the most abundant genera in air conditioner dust were ... | 1990 | 2330766 |
| intracranial aspergillus granuloma simulating meningioma on mr imaging. | a case of intracranial granuloma caused by aspergillus fumigatus involving the anterior cranial fossa is reported. the patient was nonimmuno-compromised and was asymptomatic until he had an accident. the magnetic resonance appearance simulated a meningioma, showed isointense mass with brain parenchyma on both t1- and t2-weighted images with pial vascular rim. the final diagnosis was established after surgery and histopathological examination. | 1990 | 2335619 |
| evaluation of nikkomycins x and z in murine models of coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, and blastomycosis. | nikkomycins x and z, competitive inhibitors of fungal chitin synthase, were evaluated as therapeutic agents in vitro and in mouse models of coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, and blastomycosis. in vitro, the nikkomycins were found to be most effective against the highly chitinous, dimorphic fungi coccidioides immitis and blastomyces dermatitidis, were less effective against yeasts, and were virtually without effect on the filamentous fungus aspergillus fumigatus. additionally, by transmission e ... | 1990 | 2344165 |
| studies on the mycoflora of aswan high dam lake, egypt: monthly variations. | fifty-one species and one variety appertaining to twenty one genera of mesophilic fungi were recovered from the monthly samples of marginal water (44 species, 1 variety and 18 genera) and submerged mud (78 species, 1 variety and 30 genera) of aswan high dam lake during the period from july 1985 to december 1986. the most common species were aspergillus fumigatus, a. flavus, a. terreus, a. niger and penicillium funiculosum. the highest fungal populations were almost detected either in october, in ... | 1990 | 2352135 |
| [serologic studies in the diagnosis of pneumonia]. | the importance of serological determination procedures for the diagnosis of pathogens was investigated in 207 episodes of pneumonia. the pathogenic organisms were detected in 138 cases; in 40 cases serological analysis helped to establish the diagnosis, while in 11 cases of pneumonia, the diagnosis was possible only with serology. the organisms most commonly found by serological investigations were cytomegalovirus (n = 10), aspergillus fumigatus (n = 7), and the influenza b virus (n = 7). multip ... | 1990 | 2367358 |
| [pneumonia in patients with and without immunosuppression--value of bronchoscopic biopsy technics for the detection of pathogens]. | bronchoscopic diagnosis was performed in 91 patients with 100 episodes of fresh pneumonia. in already existing immunosuppression (n = 51, group a) pathogens were most frequently identified via bronchoalveolar lavage (70%); in patients without immunosuppression (n = 49, group b) the identification quota in respect of the central bronchial secretion (53%) and bronchoalveolar lavage (47%) were comparable. in group a the most frequently occurring pathogens were pneumocysti carinii (n = 18) and asper ... | 1990 | 2367437 |
| [iga antibodies in exogenous allergic alveolitis are more specific than igg antibodies]. | nineteen sera from patients suffering from extrinsic allergic alveolitis (bird fancier's lung, farmer's lung) and 19 sera from asymptomatic persons demonstrating igg-antibodies were examined for iga-antibodies against pigeon serum, micropolyspora faeni and aspergillus fumigatus. the iga-antibodies against pigeon serum and micropolyspora faeni were less of ten false-positive than the corresponding igg-antibodies. hence the iga-antibodies were more specific than the igg-antibodies. however, the se ... | 1990 | 2367456 |
| studies on the mycoflora of aswan high dam lake, egypt: vertical fluctuations. | the fungal population of aswan high dam lake showed marked vertical variations during the period of study which extended from july 1985 to december 1986. high fungal counts were observed at the surface water which were mainly due to the high counts of aspergillus fumigatus and a. terreus. going deeper the fungal population decreased till 30 meters, then gradually increased to reach its maximum at the 70 meter depth (near the bottom of the lake). such increase was basically due to the high popula ... | 1990 | 2370640 |
| spontaneous pneumothorax complicating pulmonary mycetoma in patients with acute leukemia. | pneumothorax caused by the rupture of a mycetoma into the pleural space is rarely reported in patients undergoing intensive cytotoxic therapy for hematologic malignancies. we reviewed 46 episodes of mycetoma that developed in 43 patients undergoing antineoplastic therapy; six (13%) of these episodes were further complicated by the occurrence of pneumothorax that developed after bone marrow recovery with return to normal granulocyte count. etiologic agents included aspergillus fumigatus, aspergil ... | 1990 | 2385767 |
| isolation of fungi from local bread of chhindwara. | in the present paper, fungi isolated from bread samples are being reported. out of 150 samples of bread, only 20 samples appeared to be infected but when cultured all the samples could not give positive results, except, a. fumigatus. ten fungi including aspergillus fumigatus, a. niger, a. flavus, a. glaucous, a. carnous, a. terreus, a. ochraceous, rhizophus stolonifer, trichoderma harrianua, and trichothecium roseum were recovered from the bread samples. among these a. fumigatus and a. niger wer ... | 1990 | 2391152 |
| correlation of ige antibody titer to aspergillus fumigatus with decreased lung function in cystic fibrosis. | obstructive pulmonary disease is a typical feature of cystic fibrosis (cf) and is often associated with bronchial hyperreactivity. positive skin-test reactions to aspergillus fumigatus antigens are frequently seen even in nonatopic patients with cf. full-fledged allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) has been estimated to occur in 10% of patients with cf. the relationship between lung function and presence of ige antibodies to aspergillus antigens in patients without abpa is not clear. i ... | 1990 | 2405341 |
| human neutrophil degranulation stimulated by aspergillus fumigatus. | previous studies have established that human neutrophils (pmn) are unable to kill resting conidia (rc) of aspergillus fumigatus but can kill conidia that have been preincubated in culture medium until swollen but not yet germinated. compared with swollen conidia (sc), rc stimulate a relatively weak pmn respiratory burst. in the present study, we further examined the mechanisms of resistance of rc to neutrophil killing by comparing neutrophil degranulation and phagocytosis following stimulation b ... | 1990 | 2406356 |
| disseminated aspergillosis presenting as a skin abscess. | an immunocompromised patient presented with chronic low back pain as the initial symptom and a subcutaneous abscess as the initial sign of disseminated aspergillosis. with the rising incidence of immunocompromised patients, cutaneous manifestation of aspergillosis may become more common. | 1990 | 2407390 |
| [cavernous changes as a result of pulmonary tissue hyperreactivity to aspergillus fumigatus infection]. | a case report is presented of a 74 year old male with chronic bronchitis in whom fever, malaise and sputum hypersecretion was observed. inflammatory changes in the right upper lobe were found on a chest radiogram. broad spectrum antibiotics and antituberculous agents did not produce any improvement. due to the fact that aspergillus fumigatus organisms were cultured from the sputum and the precipitin test was positive to aspergillin the diagnosis of aspergillus fumigatus infection was made. 5-flu ... | 1990 | 8614654 |
| successful management of sequential pulmonary infections in a cardiac transplant recipient. | a case of a cardiac allograft recipient who had an initial combined pulmonary infection with cytomegalovirus, aspergillus fumigatus and nocardia asteroides, successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin b and sulfisoxazole and followed by an episode of respiratory syncytial virus pneumonitis, is presented. this case illustrates the role of computed tomographic imaging in the recognition, diagnosis and monitoring of complex opportunistic pulmonary infections and the benefits of liposomal ampho ... | 1990 | 22553447 |
| antimicrobial activity of an abundant calcium-binding protein in the cytoplasm of human neutrophils. | studies of experimental infections in animals indicate that phagocytic cells may sometimes control infective foci without actually ingesting or contacting the invading microorganisms. in the present study, an effective inhibitor of candida albicans growth, previously detected in neutrophils cytoplasm and found to be released only after lysis of the cells, was identified as an abundant calcium-binding protein originally described in neutrophils as the l1 myelomonocytic antigen or the cystic fibro ... | 1991 | 1984467 |
| fatal fungal pericarditis after cardiac surgery and immunosuppression. | the cases of two patients with fulminant pericarditis after cardiac surgery are reported. both fungal infections developed after rethoracotomy for open-chest cardiac resuscitation and high-dose glucocorticoid treatment. although the time course of both infections from the inoculation of fungi during rethoracotomy and immunosuppression with glucocorticoids to the lethal outcome was strikingly similar, histopathologic studies disclosed the disparate character of the two fungal pathogens responsibl ... | 1991 | 1986160 |
| identification and characterization of an immunodominant 58-kilodalton antigen of aspergillus fumigatus recognized by sera of patients with invasive aspergillosis. | sera from 38 patients with invasive aspergillosis were tested by western immunoblotting for the presence of antibodies to antigens of aspergillus fumigatus present in a mycelial extract of the organism. all of the sera contained antibodies to an antigen of molecular weight 58,000, which was which was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. it was the only antigen recognized in approximately 90% of the sera tested. the 58-kda antigen is an abundant component of my ... | 1991 | 1987044 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to a 58-kilodalton antigen of aspergillus fumigatus. | eight monoclonal antibodies that recognize a serodiagnostically important 58-kda antigen of aspergillus fumigatus were produced and partially characterized. 2-7, 2-12, and 2-14 are of the immunoglobulin m class, and 2-2-1, 2-2-4, 2-2-6, 2-2-9, and 2-2-13 are all immunoglobulin g1(kappa) antibodies. immunoblot analysis with a. fumigatus mycelial extract demonstrated that all of the monoclonal antibodies recognize a major 58-kda antigen. the antigen was also detected by immunoblot analysis of 4- a ... | 1991 | 1987045 |
| the prevalence of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in patients with asthma, determined by serologic and radiologic criteria in patients at risk. | allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, a hitherto uncommon but potentially crippling complication of asthma, occurs at an unknown prevalence in the united states. using both modern serologic criteria complete with a history of asthma and radiologic findings, we were able to make the diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in 28 of 100 consecutive patients with asthma who had immediate cutaneous reactivity to aspergillus fumigatus and who were seen in an outpatient setting. problem ... | 1991 | 1993855 |
| pulmonary aspergillosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | symptomatic pulmonary aspergillosis has rarely been reported in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). we describe the predisposing factors, the clinical and radiologic features, and the therapeutic outcomes in 13 patients with pulmonary aspergillosis, all of whom had human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and 12 of whom had aids. | 1991 | 1994248 |
| clustering of fungal allergen-specific ige antibody responses in allergic subjects. | statistical analysis of specific ige immune responses to a panel of nine allergens from 2,094 patients demonstrated significant clustering between aspergillus fumigatus, alternaria alternata, and cladosporium herbarum, not explained by crossreactive elements. this may represent a linked, high responder status to these fungal antigens in the allergic population. | 1991 | 1994786 |
| methodological considerations when using nitrocellulose immunoblotting from polyacrylamide gels to study the mould allergens aspergillus fumigatus and alternaria alternata. | the effects of sample treatments, separation conditions, and the possible presence of antibody interference phenomena in sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds page) followed by nitrocellulose immunoblotting (ib) were studied using allergens from alternaria alternata (alt.a.) and aspergillus fumigatus (asp.f.) as model systems. in order to obtain good resolution in the ib method the mould allergens were separated in gradient gels under dissociating conditions (sdsgpage) ... | 1991 | 1995716 |
| case records of the massachusetts general hospital. weekly clinicopathological exercises. case 11-1991. a 65-year-old man with a vertebral and disk lesion after a pulmonary operation for aspergillus infection. | 1991 | 1997841 | |
| aspergillus osteomyelitis in patients who have chronic granulomatous disease. case report. | 1991 | 2002084 | |
| evolutionary relationships among pathogenic candida species and relatives. | small subunit rrna sequences have been determined for 10 of the most clinically important pathogenic species of the yeast genus candida (including torulopsis [candida] glabrata and yarrowia [candida] lipolytica) and for hansenula polymorpha. phylogenetic analyses of these sequences and those of saccharomyces cerevisiae, kluyveromyces marxianus var. lactis, and aspergillus fumigatus indicate that candida albicans, c. tropicalis, c. parapsilosis, and c. viswanathii form a subgroup within the genus ... | 1991 | 2007550 |
| killing of pathogens associated with chronic granulomatous disease by the non-oxidative microbicidal mechanisms of human neutrophils. | the susceptibility of opportunist pathogens associated with chronic granulomatous disease (cgd) to the non-oxidative killing mechanisms of neutrophils has been assessed by incubation in human neutrophil primary granule lysate. the dose and ph-dependency of killing of aspergillus fumigatus, candida albicans, escherichia coli, nocardia asteroides, serratia marcescens and staphylococcus aureus differed markedly and may partly explain their virulence in cgd, in which oxygen-dependent killing mechani ... | 1991 | 2010902 |
| asbestosis, endobronchial aspergillus infection, and bronchocentric granulomatosis presenting with hemoptysis. | a patient with pulmonary asbestosis developed hemoptysis and a lesion on chest radiograph secondary to bronchocentric granulomatosis (bg) associated with aspergillus fumigatus. although pulmonary aspergillus infection is a known complication of asbestos exposure. bg has not been previously reported in this disorder. this patient's case further documents that aspergillus hyphae may be present in bg unassociated with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. a wide range of processes affecting airw ... | 1991 | 2011042 |
| infectious keratitis and cyanoacrylate adhesive. | we studied three patients with infectious keratitis that occurred after cyanoacrylate gluing despite prophylactic antibiotic therapy. two patients developed culture-positive bacterial ulcers, one caused by a methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and the other by haemophilus influenzae. the third patient developed a fungal keratitis. two patients required penetrating keratoplasty. each infection and perforation was concealed by the opaqueness of the glue. the pain of the infectious ulcers m ... | 1991 | 2012149 |
| aspergillus otomastoiditis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | the diagnosis and therapy of fungal infection in the paranasal sinuses of the immunocompromised host, including those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), has been discussed in recent literature. however, only limited reports have been presented on otologic infection in aids patients. a review of 26 such patients with otologic disease included no cases of fungal otopathology. our recent experience with two patients with aspergillus otomastoiditis is presented. the extent of fungal inf ... | 1991 | 2012190 |
| beta 1,4-oligoglucosides inhibit the binding of aspergillus fumigatus conidia to human monocytes. | the binding of aspergillus fumigatus conidia to human monocytes is mediated by a barley beta-glucan-inhibitable receptor. the simplest linkages in this glucan are present in the disaccharides laminaribiose (beta 1,3) and cellobiose (beta 1,4). although laminaribiose gave strong inhibition of conidial binding to monocytes, cellobiose and oligosaccharides with beta 1,4-linked glucose residues were more potent as specific inhibitors of this binding over similar concentrations. increasing the number ... | 1991 | 2019764 |
| isolation and nucleotide sequence of the aspergillus restrictus gene coding for the ribonucleolytic toxin restrictocin and its expression in aspergillus nidulans: the leader sequence protects producing strains from suicide. | we describe the cloning and characterization of the gene coding for the ribotoxin restrictocin, from aspergillus restrictus (gene res, embl accession number x56176). this toxin is a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis in eucaryotes and is of potential interest as a component of immunotoxins. to analyze the mechanism of self-protection in the producing organism, the res gene was cloned into the vector pfb39 and introduced into aspergillus nidulans. the secretion of active restrictocin from tran ... | 1991 | 2020539 |
| invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in non-immunocompromised patients. | 1991 | 2021725 | |
| effects of adjuvant-augmented germling vaccines in turkey poults challenged with aspergillus fumigatus. | turkey poults were vaccinated with combinations of two different germling preparations and three adjuvants (n-acetylmuranyl-l-alanyl-d-isoglutamine, pasteurella multocida lipopolysaccharide [lps], and avridine) at 1 and 2 weeks of age, and their immunity was challenged by sublethal exposure to aerosols of aspergillus fumigatus conidia at 1 month of age. fewer turkeys in the groups given vaccines prepared from germlings grown on dorset's and henley's medium (d&h) had organisms in lung tissue at 2 ... | 1991 | 2029265 |
| synerazol, a new antifungal antibiotic. | synerazol, a new antifungal antibiotic, was isolated from cultured broth of aspergillus fumigatus sank 10588. the structure was determined based on nmr and mass spectral evidences. synerazol was found to be a related substance to pseurotin a. synerazol was active against candida albicans and other fungi, and showed marked synergistic activity with azole-type antifungal agents. | 1991 | 2032946 |
| immunoblot analyses of the serologic response to aspergillus fumigatus antigens in experimental invasive aspergillosis. | the antibody response to aspergillus fumigatus proteins was studied by the immunoblot technique in a rabbit model of invasive aspergillosis. components of an a. fumigatus mycelial homogenate homogenate unbound by concanavalin a-sepharose 4b chromatography were fractionated using sds-page and transferred to nitrocellulose papers. the protein fraction was probed with serial sera obtained from immunosuppressed or nonimmunosuppressed rabbits inoculated intravenously with saline or graded inocula of ... | 1991 | 2037796 |
| purification of a 20 kd allergen from aspergillus fumigatus. | sera from patients sensitized to aspergillus fumigatus (a.f.) were screened for specific ige using sodiumdodecylsulphate-gradient-polyacrylamidegelelectrophoresis (sdsgpage) followed by immunoblotting to nitrocellulose. approximately 25 ige-binding components were detected. the components of molecular weight 20, 31, 44, 50, 53, 77 and 90 kd were reacting with more than 50% of the patients. the 90, 77 and 20-kd components showed up as the strongest ige-binding bands. the 20-kd component, called a ... | 1991 | 2039078 |
| early invasive cns aspergillosis. an easily missed diagnosis. | a 46-year-old woman with non-hodgkin's lymphoma presented with a new onset of seizures. a cranial ct was interpreted as normal. eight months later, she presented with changed mental status and leg weakness, and a repeat ct scan showed multiple ring-enhancing lesions close to the left frontal sinus, with mass effect. a review of the previous ct scan showed a very small area of sinusitis as well as a small ring-enhancing lesion contiguous to it. a short course of intravenous steroids markedly reli ... | 1991 | 2046912 |
| [an operated case report of pulmonary aspergillosis by sapprophytic infection of aspergillus candidus in congenital bronchial cyst of right lower lobe]. | aspergillosis is a mycotic disease caused by a variety of species of the dimorphic fungus aspergillosis, especially aspergillus fumigatus. but the report of pulmonary aspergillosis by aspergillus candidus is very rare. we experienced a surgical case of pulmonary aspergillosis caused by aspergillus candidus. the patient is a 18-year-old girl. eleven years ago, she had suffered from pneumonia of rt. lower lobe, there after she often has suffered from cough and fever every year. in 1986, chest x-ra ... | 1991 | 2051688 |
| aspergillus fumigatus contamination of lymphokine-activated killer cells infused into cancer patients. | lymphokine-activated killer (lak) cells, prepared by incubating autologous lymphocytes in cell culture medium with interleukin-2, selectively lyse tumor cells and are effective immunotherapy of some cancers. during a 3-month period, two patients at our center were infused with lak cells subsequently found to have been contaminated by aspergillus fumigatus. each case was investigated by obtaining environmental cultures and assessing aseptic practices during lak cell preparation. investigation of ... | 1991 | 2056038 |
| allergic alveolitis due to wood-rot fungi. | farmer's lung is rare in australia whereas allergic alveolitis due to domestic fungal exposure ("domestic allergic alveolitis") is common. however there has been no systematic analysis of the fungi responsible for domestic allergic alveolitis in australia. the aim of this study was to determine the sources and types of fungi that cause this type of alveolitis in australia. twelve subjects with recently diagnosed, biopsy proved, alveolitis thought on clinical grounds to be due to domestic fungal ... | 1991 | 2060786 |
| bovine mycotic abortion--a comparative study of diagnostic methods. | the agreement between three diagnostic methods (mycology, morphology, and immunofluorescence staining) was compared two by two in elucidating the aetiological diagnosis in 52 cases of bovine mycotic abortion. agreement between the three methods was expressed by the kappa coefficient (kappa), and ranked as follows: mycology and immunofluorescence staining (kappa = 0.48); morphology and immunofluorescence staining (kappa = 0.40); mycology and morphology (kappa = 0.28). a. fumigatus was confirmed t ... | 1991 | 2063642 |
| two common fungi associated with farmer's lung: fine structure of aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillus umbrosus. | the fine structure of aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillus umbrosus by transmission electron microscopy (tem) is described. the fine structure of the ascosporic and asexual stages of a. umbrosus is described for the first time. dense, homogenous material and fibers were detected on the outer hyphal cell wall of the aspergilli. septal pores were found in the hypha of a. umbrosus. two wall layers were detected in the cell wall of the conidia of the both aspergilli. the ascospores of a. umbrosus c ... | 1991 | 2067561 |
| focal pulmonary lesions in patients with aids: percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy. | the authors performed percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (ptnb) in 13 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and previously undiagnosed focal pulmonary lesions. findings with ptnb were diagnostic in 11 of 13 cases. complications included minimal hemoptysis in one case and small pneumothoraxes in two cases, one of which required chest tube drainage. the authors did not experience the high complication rate reported previously by some authors who used this diagnostic procedu ... | 1991 | 2068304 |
| invasive aspergillosis in aids. | invasive pulmonary aspergillosis was diagnosed in two patients with hiv infection, one with prolonged neutropenia and another receiving corticosteroid therapy. we found 17 additional cases in the literature. a known predisposing risk factor for invasive aspergillosis, eg, neutropenia, corticosteroid use, or intravenous drug abuse, was present in 79% of the cases. that the known immunologic defect of aids is not a major host defense against aspergillus is supported by the empiric observation of t ... | 1991 | 2068621 |
| amphotericin b lipid complex therapy of experimental fungal infections in mice. | the amphotericin b lipid complex (ablc), which is composed of amphotericin b and the phospholipids dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine and dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol, was evaluated for its acute toxicity in mice and for its efficacy in mice infected with a variety of fungal pathogens. ablc was markedly less toxic to mice when it was administered intravenously; it had a 50% lethal dose of greater than 40 mg/kg compared with a 50% lethal dose of 3 mg/kg for fungizone, the desoxycholate form of a ... | 1991 | 2069367 |
| allergenic components of aspergillus fumigatus determined by radioimmunoprecipitation. | the allergenic components of aspergillus fumigatus were identified using radioimmunoprecipitation (rip) assay. sera from 20 asthmatic children with positive skin tests to a. fumigatus were used for assay. immune complexes formed between iodinated a. fumigatus and ige antibodies in patients' sera were precipitated by immobilized anti-ige monoclonal antibodies (mabs). the precipitates were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), and analyzed by autoradiog ... | 1991 | 2071555 |
| isolation and characterisation of an extracellular alkaline protease of aspergillus fumigatus. | aspergillus fumigatus secreted an inducible alkaline protease (alpase) when cultivated in the presence of collagen (200 micrograms/ml) as sole nitrogen and carbon source. proteolytic activity was maximum at ph 9.0 with azocollagen as substrate. the enzyme, which was the major protein found in the supernate of a liquid culture, was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and gel filtration. the mr was determined to be 33 kda by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel ele ... | 1991 | 2072376 |
| unusual aspects of allergic bronchopulmonary fungal disease: report of two cases due to curvularia organisms associated with allergic fungal sinusitis. | we report two cases of allergic bronchopulmonary fungal disease (abpfd) caused by curvularia sp and associated with allergic fungal sinusitis (afs). curvularia lunata was cultured in one case and curvularia senegalensis was cultured in the other. based on these cases and a review of the literature, we discuss unusual clinical and pathologic features that can occur in abpfd. unusual clinical aspects of abpfd include associated afs, absence of asthma, progression to churg-strauss angiitis and gran ... | 1991 | 1748430 |
| opsonizing activity of c-reactive protein in phagocytosis of aspergillus fumigatus conidia by human neutrophils. | in complement-free neutrophil monolayer assays pathological levels of c-reactive protein (crp) were found to promote greater phagocytosis of metabolically-active conidia of aspergillus fumigatus than dormant spores. this suggests that metabolically-active conidia bind crp which facilitates in vitro phagocytosis by human neutrophils. | 1991 | 1749393 |
| [cerebral aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients]. | three cases of central nervous system (cns) aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients are reported. all three had neurological symptoms with normal cerebrospinal fluid (csf). the ct scan showed poorly defined low density lesions which were not enhanced by contrast medium. they also had pulmonary signs and fever despite antibiotic treatment. aspergillus fumigatus was isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. antifungal therapy was started promptly, associating amphotericin b, itraconazole and ... | 1991 | 1755556 |
| primary aspergillosis of the orbital apex. | 1991 | 1755726 | |
| influence of corticosteroid on experimentally induced keratomycosis. | to assess the effect of corticosteroid on the establishment of experimentally induced keratomycoses, rabbits were injected subconjunctivally with triamcinolone acetonide on two successive days before inoculation with candida albicans, aspergillus fumigatus, or fusarium solanae. whereas isolate recovery rates declined steadily in normal control corneas, they remained stable over 15 days in corticosteroid-treated corneas. clinically, inflammation was equivalent (a fumigatus and f solanae) or signi ... | 1991 | 1755744 |
| efficacy of sch 39304 in treatment of experimental invasive aspergillosis. | the efficacy of sch 39304 (sch) against aspergillus fumigatus was assessed with an immunosuppressed, temporarily leukopenic rabbit model of invasive aspergillosis. therapy with sch at 10 or 15 mg/kg of body weight per day was begun 24 h after lethal challenge and compared with therapy with amphotericin b at 1.5 mg/kg/day. compared with untreated controls, sch reduced mortality and also reduced the tissue burden of a. fumigatus 100- to 1,000-fold in liver, kidney, and lung tissues. sch at 15 mg/k ... | 1991 | 1759818 |
| [effect of fluconazole on aspergillus infection associated with chronic granulomatous disease]. | aspergillus infection is the most frequent fungal infection associated with chronic granulomatous disease (cgd), and often results in a life-threatening situation. this report describes the use of high-dose fluconazole, a new antifungal agent, for invasive aspergillus infection in a patient with cgd. a 27-month-old boy was sent to our hospital because of unknown fever in october, 1988. he was then admitted for pneumonia and pleural effusion of the right lung in february, 1989. treatment with ant ... | 1991 | 1761900 |
| period prevalence of allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis in a regional hospital outpatient population in ireland 1985-88. | the period of prevalence, 1988 inclusive, of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) and allergic bronchopulmonary candiasis (abpc), the two most frequently reported forms of allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis (abpm), was investigated in an irish regional hospital respiratory medicine outpatients, catchment area population 536,000. abpm was defined by the presence of a majority of seven criteria: asthma, eosinophilia, elevated ige, antibodies to aspergillus fumigatus or candida albicans, i ... | 1991 | 1769811 |
| gram-negative bacterial pneumonia with secondary aspergillosis in an aids patient. | a 40-year-old, hiv-infected female patient received antibiotic treatment for a urinary tract infection. after the initial success of therapy and a symptom-free period, she developed pneumonia with septic shock and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ards). in spite of intensive care and respirator therapy with positive end-expiratory pressure (peep), she died of infectious toxic shock. autopsy findings showed relapsing, gram-negative, bacterial pneumonia (morphologically compatible with klebsie ... | 1991 | 1770754 |
| [allergenic relationships between aspergillus restrictus and aspergillus fumigatus determined by radioallergosorbent test inhibition]. | recently aspergillus restrictus, a species of osmophilic fungi, has been found to be widely distributed in our inhabited environment. the authors reported previously that the prevalence of hypersensitivity to this fungal species determined by skin prick test and radioallergosorbent test (rast) was comparable with that to aspergillus fumigatus. in this study, the allergenic relationships between the two fungi were examined by rast and rast inhibition tests in which a. restrictus extracts prepared ... | 1991 | 1772354 |
| pathogenesis of aspergillus fumigatus infection in pigeons in the sudan. | the pathogenesis of a pigeon isolate of aspergillus fumigatus in a local breed of pigeons in the sudan was tested. the spores inoculated intravenously resulted in an acute disease with 100% of mortality within six days. at necropsy, pinpoint and miliary lesions were prominent in the liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys. histopathological examination detected lesions in the liver, heart, lungs, kidneys, spleen and brain. hyphae and/or spores were encountered in all these organs. the presence of a. fu ... | 1991 | 1775685 |
| contribution to the prophylaxis of chicks aspergillosis: study of the contamination of a hatchery by aspergillus fumigatus. | contamination of a hatchery by aspergillus fumigatus has been studied for 8 weeks from eggs to day old chicks. we have shown that the contamination of the hatchery originates on the egg shell and that each time the eggs are manipulated, spores of aspergillus fumigatus are thrown into suspension in the air. thus it seems necessary to bring eggs with as few as possible spores of aspergillus fumigatus on their shell into the hatchery. prophylaxis of aspergillosis should be foreseen from the concept ... | 1991 | 1776380 |
| use of tetracycline sorbate for the treatment of aspergillus fumigatus infection in broiler chicks. | the efficacy of tetracycline sorbate (pimafungil; contains 20% tetracycline sorbate w/v) was evaluated for treatment of aspergillus fumigatus in naturally infected broiler chicks. the drug was administered to a group of 160 infected broiler chicks at 200 mg/l of drinking water, daily and consecutively for 5 days. another group of 100 infected broiler chicks was kept as untreated controls. the chicks of the treated group showed appreciable improvement in clinical symptoms, mortality, body weight ... | 1991 | 1777798 |
| occurrence of aflatoxins and aflatoxin-producing moulds in fresh and processed meat in egypt. | a survey was carried out to detect aflatoxins and isolate aflatoxigenic moulds contaminating fresh and processed meat products. the fungal contamination was examined in 215 samples of fresh and processed meat products and 130 samples of spices used in the meat industry collected from different local companies in cairo, egypt. processed meat products such as beefburger, hot-dog, kubeba, sausage, luncheon meat had the highest count of moulds as compared with fresh and canned meat. out of 150 sampl ... | 1991 | 1778268 |
| comparison between antifungal and antibacterial activities of several strains of epicoccum purpurascens from the mediterranean area. | the antimicrobial activities of seven epicoccum purpurascens strains isolated either from evergreen oak leaves (quercus ilex) collected over a period of one year, or from the atmosphere were compared in vitro. two strains sporulated and conspicuously inhibited the growth of staphylococcus aureus and trichophyton mentagrophytes. thin-layer chromatographic studies showed the existence of some compounds, such as flavipin, which were common to all the strains. epicorazine b was present in the extrac ... | 1991 | 1784310 |
| [hypersensitivity to aspergillus fumigatus in mucoviscidosis]. | 1991 | 1793339 | |
| combination therapy in a model of pulmonary aspergillosis. | the current treatment for pulmonary aspergillosis, amphotericin b, is toxic and not always effective. this study was done to evaluate combinations of amphotericin b with other agents in an animal model of pulmonary aspergillosis. sprague-dawley rats were treated with cortisone acetate, infected intratracheally with 10(6) spores of aspergillus fumigatus, and followed daily for survival. mortality among controls started on day 2, and it was 80% by day seven, whereas therapy with amphotericin b res ... | 1991 | 1803227 |
| in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of bmy-28864, a water-soluble pradimicin derivative. | bmy-28864, a water-soluble pradimicin derivative, had potent in vitro activity against a wide variety of fungi, including those associated with deep-seated mycosis; it inhibited the growth of standard strains and clinical isolates at concentrations of 12.5 micrograms/ml or less. at the mic or higher concentrations, bmy-28864 was fungicidal for candida albicans under both growing and nongrowing conditions. bmy-28864 expressed fungicidal activity only in the presence of ca2+, and its activity was ... | 1991 | 1803990 |
| thermophilic and thermotolerant fungi of animals' hair. | nine thermophilic genera and 17 species in addition to one variety of aspergillus flavus, malbranchea pulchella and humicola grisea were collected from hair samples in riyadh, saudi arabia at 45 degrees c. fifty-one hair specimens of rabbit, sheep, camel and horse were examined for the presence of thermophilic fungi. the most frequent species were aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus niger, thermoascus aurantiacus and malbranchea pulchella var. sulfurea. in low frequency, aspergillus flavus, asper ... | 1991 | 1805498 |
| [invasive aspergillosis in patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus]. | invasive aspergillosis is a disease that affects immunosuppressed patients, in close relationship with the presence and duration of neutropenia. although formerly included among the aids definition criteria, it was thereafter dropped out because of its very low prevalence. we describe here four cases of invasive aspergillosis in hiv infected patients, diagnosed at our institution. three patients presented with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, including one patient with chronic ulcerative pulmon ... | 1991 | 1805949 |
| mycotic keratitis in a horse caused by aspergillus fumigatus. the first reported case in finland. | the first identified finnish case of equine mycotic keratitis caused by aspergillus fumigatus is described. the clinical picture, the sampling method, the macro- and micromorphology of the causative fungus and the therapy applied are reported in detail. therapy with natamycin (pimafucin 2.5% eyedrops. gist-brocades) was successful. | 1991 | 1814187 |
| identification of a gene encoding an hpr-like protein in aspergillus fumigatus. | the gene encoding a histidine-containing protein (hpr)-like protein was identified in a cdna library of aspergillus fumigatus. the predicted amino acid sequence of the fungal hpr showed greater homology with hpr from gram-positive bacteria than from gram-negative bacteria. since other components of the phosphoenolpyruvate: carbohydrate phosphotransferase system have not been identified in eukaryotes, this raises the question of what regulatory function the hpr-like protein might have evolved in ... | 1991 | 1815030 |
| detection of human pneumocystis carinii by the polymerase chain reaction. | oligonucleotide primers were prepared from a clone (b12) which has been shown to be a repetitive sequence in the rat p. carinii genome. polymerase chain reaction was employed to amplify both rat and human p. carinii dna. the detection limit of the assay was approximately 600 ng of total nucleic acid. amplification products from both the rat and human isolates (ca. 780 bp) were characterized by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis after digestion with sau3a. no amplification products were obta ... | 1991 | 1818163 |
| [mycological surveillance of children with cystic fibrosis]. | the mycological surveillance included 121 patients aged 1 to 21 years treated from 1981 to 1987 in the centre of cystic fibrosis in dresden. the control groups comprised 136 resp. 140 healthy children aged 1 to 16 years. the study evaluated the incidence of fungi in the oral cavity, bronchial secreta, sputum, faeces and urine as well as the specific serum antibodies to candida albicans and aspergillus fumigatus in correlation to the course of the cystic fibrosis and the applied chemotherapy. the ... | 1991 | 1818262 |
| [long-term fungal culture of sputum from patients with cystic fibrosis]. | mycological examination of sputum from 121 patients with cystic fibrosis by means of long-term culture (4 weeks) revealed the occurrence of candida albicans in low quantities in 70%, aspergillus fumigatus in 30%, and exophiala/wangiella dermatitidis in 9% of the examined patients. a. fumigatus causes frequently the development of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in patients with cystic fibrosis. the predisposing factors for colonization with the otherwise seldom recovered fungus e. dermat ... | 1991 | 1818263 |
| long-term fungal cultures from sputum of patients with cystic fibrosis. | mycological examination of sputum from 121 patients with cystic fibrosis by means of long-term cultures (4 weeks) revealed the occurrence of candida albicans in low quantities in 70%, aspergillus fumigatus in 30%, and exophiala/wangiella dermatitidis in 9% of the examined patients. a. fumigatus frequently causes the development of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in patients with cystic fibrosis. the predisposing factors for colonization with the otherwise seldom found fungus e. dermatiti ... | 1991 | 1820515 |
| [nodular pulmonary infiltrates and cardiac insufficiency]. | 1991 | 1822158 | |
| [exogenous allergic alveolitis in tobacco industry workers]. | 1991 | 1831935 | |
| [microbial contamination of the air in the wood-processing industry]. | studies of the microbial dissemination levels in wood-processing and furniture-producing plants facilitated establishing of their increased bacterial and fungus contamination. possible sensibilization of these factors necessitated hygienic and sanitary measures (ventilation, hermetization of the equipment, aspiration, dust-cleaning, bactericidal light devices provision) which lowered the bacterial contamination level by 40-60%. the high morbidity rate caused by upper respiratory diseases (56.1%) ... | 1991 | 1839001 |
| [diagnostic significance of serum ige-af and igg-af determined by elisa in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis]. | ige-af and igg-af measured by the elisa double-antibody technique in sera from 11 patients with abpa were elevated to at least twice that in sera from asthma patients with positive skin tests to af. this suggests that serum ige-af and igg-af measured by this technique have a practical value for the early diagnosis and follow-up of abpa, as well as for differentiating patients with abpa from asthma patients with positive skin tests to af. | 1991 | 1839517 |
| ulcerative keratomycosis--case reports on three different species of fungi. | three clinical cases of fungal corneal ulcers are described to highlight the course, ocular morbidity and principles of treatment. a brief discussion of the diagnosis and management of ulcerative keratomycosis is presented. | 1991 | 1840452 |
| the efficacy of itraconazole against systemic fungal infections in neutropenic patients: a randomised comparative study with amphotericin b. | in a randomised clinical trial, we compared the efficacy of the new triazole drug itraconazole (200 mg orally twice daily) with that of amphotericin b (0.6 mg/kg daily or 0.3 mg/kg in combination with flucytosine) in neutropenic (less than 500 x 10(6)/l neutrophils) patients with proven or highly suspected systemic fungal infections. patients with unexplained fever alone were not included in the study. of the 40 patients enrolled, 32 patients (16 males, 16 females) were evaluable. sixteen patien ... | 1991 | 1848268 |
| the 18-kilodalton antigen secreted by aspergillus fumigatus. | one of the major antigens secreted in vitro by aspergillus fumigatus is an 18-kda basic protein which has been purified by cation-exchange chromatography. it is recognized by sera from aspergilloma patients. it is also the major circulating antigen found in urine of patients with invasive aspergillosis. our results indicated that this antigen has potential for the diagnosis of both aspergilloma and invasive aspergillosis. | 1991 | 1855978 |
| [the immunological status of cyprinus carpio l. in experimental mycotoxicosis]. | some humoral factors of nonspecific resistance have been determined in carp yearlings in 28 days after intraperitoneal administration of fungi culture filtrate (i), conidia (ii), micellar extract (iii) of the fungus aspergillus fumigatus fres., physiological solution (control). the toxicogenic and immunogenic effect of the fungus has been shown in i and ii variants of the experiment respectively. the injection of fungus micella did not have any influence on the studied factors. the account of sp ... | 1991 | 1859857 |
| invasive external otitis caused by aspergillus fumigatus in two patients with aids. | 1991 | 1863417 | |
| fibrotic stage of allergic bronchopulmonary candidiasis. | since its first description in 1952, abpa has been recognized with increasing frequency. more recently fungi other than aspergillus fumigatus, in particular candida albicans, have been implicated in a similar disease process. the following case report illustrates the possibility of finding a fibrotic stage 5 abpm caused by c albicans. | 1991 | 1864142 |
| the role of fluconazole in the early treatment and prophylaxis of experimental invasive aspergillosis. | the efficacy of fluconazole against aspergillus fumigatus was assessed in an immunosuppressed temporarily leukopenic rabbit model of invasive aspergillosis. therapy with fluconazole at 60 or 120 mg/kg/day was begun 24 h after lethal challenge and compared to that with amphotericin b at 1.5 mg/kg/day. fluconazole reduced mortality compared with that in untreated controls and at 120 mg/kg/day reduced the tissue burden of a. fumigatus 10- to 100-fold in liver, kidney, and lung. however, amphoterici ... | 1991 | 1869843 |