Publications

tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase accumulated in the matrix of developing medullary bone induced by estrogen treatment of male japanese quail.	tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (trap) in medullary bone matrix and bone cells was histochemically examined employing estrogen-induced medullary bone of male japanese quail. within 2 days after estrogen administration, medullary bone matrix was identified and the matrix and osteoblasts were negative for trap activity. osteoclasts showing trap activity were occasionally seen. by 4 days, the projection of medullary bone trabeculae was seen and trap became positive in the deeper part of the bon ...	1994	7976497
effect of reserpine pretreatment on avian erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase activation by isoproterenol.	we studied the action of beta-adrenergic agonists on japanese quail erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase (ca) in vitro. earlier we had reported that epinephrine increased ca activity by 14%; the present study focused on an attempt to increase the size of this response. washed erythrocytes from reserpine-treated (1 mg/kg daily i.m. for 3 days) and control birds were incubated for 40 min in the presence of isoproterenol 10(-6) mol/l. the activity of ca expressed as wilbur-anderson units/mg hemoglobin wa ...	1994	7972320
antioxidant status of japanese quail: comparison of atherosclerosis-susceptible and -resistant strains.	to compare levels of antioxidant components of blood and aortic tissue from two strains of japanese quail showing high and low susceptibilities to atherosclerosis and receiving either control or cholesterol-enriched diets.	1994	8143223
hematology and serum biochemistry of japanese quail fed dietary tri-n-butyltin oxide during reproduction.	during a subchronic toxicity and reproduction study with tri-n-butyltin oxide (tbto) concentrations of 0, 24, 60, and 150 mg/kg diet in japanese quail, preliminary data on hematology and serum biochemistry were obtained. the absence of serious effects in blood parameters in both adult quail and developing chicks are discussed in view of the adverse effects of tbto on reproduction.	1994	8311513
topographical distribution of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase in the brain of the japanese quail.	the distribution of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadph)-diaphorase activity was histochemically investigated in the japanese quail brain. this enzyme is now considered responsible for the synthesis of nitric oxide, a novel neural messenger whose distribution has not been described in the avian brain until now. the histochemical technique provides a simple and reliable method for staining selected populations of neurons throughout the avian brain. in the telencephalon seve ...	1994	8207130
receptor binding in japanese quail selected for long or short tonic immobility.	japanese quail, selectively bred for long (lti) and short (sti) tonic immobility (ti) responses, are thought to represent high and low fear groups, respectively. to study the neurochemical mechanisms underlying the behavioral distinctions, binding parameters were determined at the benzodiazepine, 5-ht1a, 5-ht3, alpha 2, and opioid receptor sites in the forebrains of the two lines. no differences were found in 5-ht1a, 5-ht3, alpha 2, mu- or kappa-opioid receptor binding between the lines. the kd ...	1994	7862716
[the effect of weightlessness on embryonic development of striated muscles in japanese quail].	in the conditions of gravitationless state, the development of skeletal muscles and myocardium was identical in experimental, synchronous and laboratory control. there were not larger differences between the investigated groups of animals. myofibrils were in the stage of myofibrillogenesis. they were mostly disarrayed, but they already formed sarcomeres, without marked boundaries between i and a zones. sarcoplasm contained large amounts of ribosomes and polyribosomes. mitochondria were intensive ...	1994	8184522
the effects of sex steroid hormones on the pigment accumulation in the shell gland of japanese quail.	effects of sex steroid hormones on the accumulation of the superficial pigment of the eggshell in the quail shell gland were investigated. in experiment 1, 10 or 20 mg/100 g bw of aminoglutethimide (ag) was injected s.c. into laying quail hens 10 h before the expected ovulation. thirty percent of the hens that received 10 mg/100 g bw and 87% of the hens that received 20 mg/100 g bw failed to ovulate. they had significantly (p < .01) lower concentrations of preovulatory plasma progesterone (p) th ...	1994	8165162
serum concentrations of thyroid hormones during egg laying in two types of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	in the present investigation a lighter white egg-type (l) and a heavier wild meat-type (m) of female japanese quails were compared with respect to egg production, body growth, abdominal fat pad, serum thyroxine (t4) and triiodothyronine (t3) concentrations, trh sensitivity and t4 5'-monodeiodinase activity in liver homogenates. during the investigation period l type layed considerably more eggs and m type was heavier in body weight. abdominal fat pad in l type quails was significantly higher tha ...	1994	8891179
tissue-specific expression of mouse tyrosinase gene in cultured chicken cells.	a mouse tyrosinase cdna has been combined with different promoters and inserted into several replication-competent avian leukosis proviruses and the viruses were transferred into cultured albino chick cells by viral infection. expression of the tyrosinase gene depended on one of four promoter sequences: the resident constitutive promoter (rous sarcoma virus long-terminal repeat; rsv-ltr), 471 bp from the mouse tyrosinase gene-associated promoter, 519 bp from the japanese quail tyrosinase gene as ...	1994	8082718
orange: a plumage color mutation accompanied by semi-lethality in japanese quail.	a new plumage color mutant, orange, in japanese quail (coturnix japonica) was characterized by the same plumage pattern as in the wild type but with diluted pigmentation on the whole body. light reddish-brown and light black are predominant instead of heavy brown and heavy black in the wild type. although the eye color of the adult orange mutant was somewhat similar to that of the wild type, it showed a reddish color when held to the light. fertility of the orange mutant was normal (97.8%), but ...	1994	8120359
effects of first formant onset frequency on [-voice] judgments result from auditory processes not specific to humans.	when f1-onset frequency is lower, longer f1 cut-back (vot) is required for human listeners to perceive synthesized stop consonants as voiceless. k. r. kluender [j. acoust. soc. am. 90, 83-96 (1991)] found comparable effects of f1-onset frequency on the "labeling" of stop consonants by japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) trained to distinguish stop consonants varying in f1 cut-back. in that study, cvs were synthesized with natural-like rising f1 transitions, and endpoint training stimuli ...	1994	8132898
effects of apomorphine on sexual behavior in male quail.	in the rat, dopamine (da) facilitates male copulatory behavior. indirect evidence based largely on neuroanatomical data suggest that in quail da is also implicated in the control of male reproductive behavior but there is no pharmacological evidence to support this conclusion. to test this idea, castrated testosterone (t)-treated male quail were injected with various doses of the dopaminergic agonist apomorphine (apo) in the range 1-10,000 micrograms/kg. the sexual behavior of birds was recorded ...	1994	8115432
[anesthesia in poultry].	ketamine and ketamine-xylazine anesthesia was performed in the domestic fowl of the laying hybrid hisex brown and in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix) to test short-time anesthesia for the purposes of small surgical interventions. the findings of the authors heidenreich and wissdorf (1978) obtained in birds in the zoo park in hannover were used to determine anesthetic doses and to assess the course of anesthesia, as well as a comparative study written by samour et al. (1984) dealing with the us ...	1994	8154090
visual pigments in the pineal complex of the japanese quail, japanese grass lizard and bullfrog: immunocytochemistry and hplc analysis.	we investigated localization of visual pigments in the pineal complex of japanese quail, japanese grass lizards and bullfrogs immunocytochemically by use of the antiserum against bovine rhodopsin (rh-as) and monoclonal antibodies against chicken iodopsin (io-mab). we also analyzed retinoids, chromophores of visual pigments, by a high performance liquid chromatography (hplc). the outer segments and cell membranes of some photoreceptor cells in the pineal organ of the japanese quail exhibited immu ...	1994	8171418
comparison of energy metabolism during the growing period in quail lines selected for body weight.	1. the present study was conducted to compare body weight, daily weight gain, relative growth rate, food intake, food conversion efficiency, abdominal fat weight, thyroid weight, plasma t4 concentration, body temperature, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production and heat production among three japanese-quail lines selected for body weight: a random bred line (rr) and lines for large (ll) or small (ss) body weight. 2. t4 concentration increased in the order ss, rr, ll in both sexes and did n ...	1994	8199883
suppression of radioiodide accumulation by the thyroids and oocytes of japanese quail with perrhenate.	japanese quail, 50% inhibition of the 3-h accumulation of 131i occurred with 2.0 micromol kreo4, 2.2 micromol kclo4 and 13 micromol kscn for the growing oocytes, 1.7, 1.9 and 4.2 micromol for the thyroids of females and 0.20, 0.47 and 5.6 micromol for the thyroids of males. 2. kreo4 inhibition failed after 24 h in males and 36 h in females. 3. maxima at 6 h in the 131i curves for the plasma, the livers and the testes of kreo4-treated birds were attributed to retention of 131i in the plasma.	1994	196716
mycotic salpingitis in a japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	an adult female japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) was received for postmortem examination. necropsy revealed the presence of white to grayish nodules 2-5 mm in diameter on the serosal surface of the oviduct. aspergillus flavus was isolated from these nodules in pure culture. histologically, these nodules were medium to large granulomatous lesions in serosa and the muscular wall of the oviduct. the lesions contained a large central necrotic core surrounded by giant cells, macrophages, a ...	1994	7702530
neurotensin immunoreactive cells in the gastrointestinal epithelium of the chicken, pigeon and japanese quail.	distribution and frequency of neurotensin immunoreactive cells were investigated in the digestive tract of the chicken, pigeon and japanese quail by an immunohistochemical technique. immunoreactive cells were distributed in the epithelium of the pylorus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum and colon, but not in the epithelium of the tongue, crop and esophagus. the pylorus showed the highest frequency of the immunoreactive cells in the three species and the chicken revealed the highest frequency amo ...	1994	7517733
insulin-like growth factor-i messenger rna content in the oviduct of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica): changes during growth and development or after estrogen administration.	complementary dna (cdna) of insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i) of japanese quail was cloned. the nucleotide sequence analysis of the cdna showed that only seven bases differed from those of chicken igf-i cdna in the 440 bases of the cloned region. this difference in nucleotide sequence did not cause changes in the amino acid sequence. using this cloned cdna, the changes in igf-i mrna content in the tissues of female quail during growth and development were investigated. in the oviduct, igf-i m ...	1994	7881819
effect of raised extracellular calcium on cell spread area in quail medullary bone osteoclasts.	the present study reports on the effects of extracellular calcium ([ca2+]o) elevation and ionomycin on cell spread area of medullary bone osteoclasts freshly isolated from egg-laying japanese quail. the responses were compared with those demonstrated in osteoclasts cultured for periods of 5-8 days and also to those previously demonstrated in neonatal rat osteoclasts. freshly isolated medullary bone osteoclasts, unlike rat osteoclasts, were refractory to 20 mm [ca2+]o, in that they showed no chan ...	1994	8011313
experimental toxoplasmosis in japanese quail.	twenty-four 5-month-old battery-hatched japanese quail were inoculated orally with 10(5) (me 49 strain, group a, 6 birds), 10(3) (me 49 strain, group b, 6 birds), 10(5) (gt-1 strain, group c, 6 birds), and 10(3) (gt-1 strain, group d, 6 birds) toxoplasma gondii oocysts. all birds in group c died or were euthanized within 8 days after inoculation (dai). five of the 6 birds in group d died or were euthanized 8, 9, 15, 19, and 23 dai. one of the 6 quail in group a died 9 dai, and 1 of the 6 birds i ...	1994	8068754
infectivity of toxocara canis larvae from japanese quails in mice.	two hundred toxocara canis larvae derived from japanese quail liver were given orally to each of 50 8-week-old ddy mice and parasitism of the larvae was examined during 6 hr and 120 days after inoculation. although there were no clinical signs in infected mice, larvae were recovered from the liver (21.5 +/- 16.3 larvae), lung (5.1 +/- 6.0 larvae), kidney (0.7 +/- 1.1 larvae), small intestine (1.0 +/- 2.0 larvae), mesentery (1.6 +/- 3.1 larvae), and brain (7.8 +/- 6.8 larvae).	1994	8075236
host specificity studies and oocyst description of a cryptosporidium sp. isolated from ostriches.	oocysts of a cryptosporidium sp. were found in the feces of 14 of 165 (8.5%) ostriches imported into canada. the genus identity of the oocysts was confirmed by morphology. the mean (+/- sd) size of 40 oocysts was 4.6 (0.53) x 4.0 (0.42) microns (range 3.9-6.1 x 3.3-5.0 microns) with a shape index (length/width ratio) of 1.15 (range 1.00-1.38). in cross-transmission experiments, this cryptosporidium sp. failed to infect suckling mice, chickens, turkeys, or quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). a co ...	1994	8073019
the avian vitamin d receptors: primary structures and their origins.	cdna clones encoding japanese quail chorioallantoic membrane and chicken kidney 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 receptors were isolated and the total 448-amino acid (aa) sequence was deduced. the sequences of the chicken and quail receptors are identical. the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the avian receptors are similar but not identical to the reported rat or human receptor sequences. there is a 78% similarity in the nucleotide sequences and 98.5% and 87.5% similarities in the amino a ...	1994	7972109
the integrative segment of the quail coturnix coturnix japonica. occurrence and distribution of carbonic anhydrase and complex carbohydrates.	as part of a more extensive study into the involvement of carbonic anhydrase in avian excretory function, the occurrence and distribution of this enzyme was investigated in the quail integrative segment. the integrative segment represents, in birds, that part of the intestinal tract where ureteral urine undergoes postrenal modification to form definitive urine. to define the structural peculiarities within the intestinal epithelium, the constituent parts, namely cloaca, rectum and caecum, as wel ...	1994	7961146
comparison of freeze-dried and extruded spirulina platensis as yolk pigmenting agents.	experiment 1 was an 8-wk study with japanese quail fed 0, .5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0% of freeze-dried spirulina or the dry equivalent of fresh spirulina extruded with corn. experiment 2 was a 16-wk repeat of experiment 1 using levels of 0, .25, .5, 1.0, and 2.0% spirulina. in the third experiment, corn, barley, and cassava were extruded with fresh spirulina equal to 1% of the dried product, and each feedstuff fed with 1% freeze-dried spirulina. four replicates of five quail were assigned to each trea ...	1994	7971672
fear of humans in japanese quail selected for low or high adrenocortical response.	behavioral reactions to a nearby human were recorded in male japanese quail of two lines selected for reduced (ls; low stress) or exaggerated (hs; high stress) plasma corticosterone (b) response to brief mechanical immobilization. their adrenocortical responses to one of three treatments were then examined. these were: no human disturbance (undisturbed controls, con), capture and return to the home cage before recapture and bleeding after 5 min (cr), or capture and manual restraint for 5 min bef ...	1994	7938253
distribution and regulation of estrogen-2-hydroxylase in the quail brain.	the anatomical distribution and endocrine regulation of the estrogen-2-hydroxylase activity were investigated in the brain of adult male and female japanese quail. significant levels of enzymatic activity were detected in all brain regions that were studied, but the highest levels were observed in preoptic and hypothalamic brain nuclei that are known to contain high levels of aromatase activity. these data are consistent with previous results suggesting that the placental aromatase is also respo ...	1994	7850484
estradiol and androgen modulate chicken luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-i release in vitro.	hypothalamic slices (1 mm) including medial basal hypothalamus and preoptic areas (mbh-poa) were taken from adult male japanese quail, placed in a short-term perifusion system, and exposed to estradiol or androgen. release of chicken lhrh-i (clhrh-i) was measured by an enzyme immunoassay specific for clhrh-i. in separate experiments, mbh-poa slices were exposed short-term to 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5 alpha-dht, 10(-7) m) and testosterone (t, 10(-7) m), and short- or long-term to 17 beta est ...	1994	7849191
changes in the frequency and size of smooth muscle tumors in japanese quail lines differing in body weight.	the purpose of this investigation was to study the incidence and size of smooth muscle tumors in several japanese quail lines and to report recent correlated changes in mature bw and egg production. laying females from lines selected solely (hw) or partly (hw-hp; hw-lp) for increased 4-wk bw or for decreased 4-wk bw (lw) and from the corresponding randombred control (r1) were used. lines hw-hp and hw-lp were sublines of line hw in which males were selected for increased 4-wk bw and females were ...	1994	7937482
force and contractile characteristics after stretch overload in quail anterior latissimus dorsi muscle.	stretch overload has been shown to increase muscle mass by increasing fiber size and fiber number in the anterior latissimus dorsi (ald) of adult japanese quail. however, the functional significance of these changes is not known. the purpose of this study was to determine if stretch-induced hypertrophy alters function of the ald. a tube weight corresponding to 12% of the bird's body mass was added to one wing of 12 japanese quail for 30 days. this increased muscle mass corrected for the increase ...	1994	7961225
effect of day length on luteinizing hormone beta-subunit mrna and subsequent gonadal growth in the white-crowned sparrow, zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii.	we have applied a cdna probe for chicken luteinizing hormone beta-subunit to adenohypophysial preparations collected from gambell's white-crowned sparrows. in situ hybridization showed luteinizing hormone (lh) beta-subunit mrna distributed throughout the adenohypophysis in a manner identical to that of lh visualized by immunocytochemistry. northern blot analysis showed a single band (0.8 kbp) identical to that from japanese quail. dot blot analysis was used to quantify changes in lh beta-subunit ...	1994	7926654
experimental borrelia garinii infection of japanese quail.	japanese quail inoculated subcutaneously with borrelia garinii responded to infection. b. garinii was reisolated mainly from skin and randomly from several organs between 7 and 56 days postinoculation. skin lesions were occasionally observed in association with spirochete recovery. all birds were positive for antibody at 53 to 56 days postinoculation. these results suggest that the japanese quail is a model for experimental infection with b. garinii and that birds are reservoirs for lyme disease ...	1994	8039933
molecular cloning of complementary deoxyribonucleic acids for the pituitary glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit and luteinizing hormone beta-subunit precursor molecules of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	complementary dnas encoding precursor molecules of the pituitary glycoprotein hormone (pgh) alpha- and luteinizing hormone (lh) beta-subunits of japanese quail were isolated from a quail adenohypophyseal cdna library using corresponding chicken cdnas as hybridization probes. the isolated cdnas had a length of 695 and 724 bp, respectively, and contained sequences of 5' and 3' untranslated regions and an entire coding region of the precursor molecules. two series of incompletely repeating and part ...	1994	7515015
solution structure of reactive-site hydrolyzed turkey ovomucoid third domain by nuclear magnetic resonance and distance geometry methods.	the solution structure of reactive-site hydrolyzed turkey ovomucoid third domain (omtky3*) was determined by n.m.r. methods. a total of 655 distance constraints was applied in a distance geometry/simulated annealing approach to calculate a family of structures consistent with the n.m.r. data. the input data included 24 torsion angle constraints, 14 hydrogen bonds, 611 constraints derived from two-dimensional nuclear overhauser enhancement spectroscopy data, and three disulfide bridges. stereospe ...	1994	8089843
drusen-like deposits in the outer retina of japanese quail.	histological examination of the outer retina of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) ranging in age from 4-48 months revealed the presence of drusen-like deposits which closely resemble those described in primate and human retinas. at both light and electron microscopic levels, these deposits were characterized by randomly distributed, granular and heterogenous materials. larger deposits with pleomorphic inclusions, often globular in shape, occurred more frequently in older quail, particu ...	1994	7859816
culture characterization and viral infection of aortic smooth muscle cells from japanese quail susceptible to atherosclerosis.	proliferation of aortic smooth muscle cells (smcs), an important feature of atherosclerosis, occurs in the early stage of the disease in japanese quail when fed an atherogenic diet. quail aortic smcs were isolated from a total of 32 quail and cultured in eagle's minimum essential medium supplemented with 10% bovine fetal serum. studies were carried out to characterize the cells in vitro. they grew actively in the early passages, but began to develop cytopathic changes after 3-4 passages and even ...	1994	7601271
adhesion activity of campylobacter jejuni for intestinal epithelial cells and mucus and erythrocytes.	live and formalin- or heat (100 degrees c, 30 min)-treated cells of campylobacter jejuni strains y6878 and y6817, and the supernatant of the heat-treated bacterial suspension had agglutinating activity for the intestinal epithelial cells of japanese quails and human (int407). among the erythrocytes derived from 7 animal species (human, horses, sheep, rabbits, mice, chickens, and quails), only rabbit erythrocytes were agglutinated by live and glutaraldehyde-, formalin-, or heat-treated cells of 1 ...	1994	7696403
type ii collagen distribution during cranial development in xenopus laevis.	epithelially expressed type ii collagen is thought to play a prominent role in the embryonic patterning and differentiation of the vertebrate skull, primarily on the basis of data derived from amniotes. we describe the spatiotemporal distribution of type ii collagen in the embryonic head of the african clawed frog, xenopus laevis, using whole-mount and serial-section immunohistochemical analysis. we studied embryos spanning nieuwkoop and faber (1967) stages 21-39, a period including cranial neur ...	1994	8192239
application of in vivo microdialysis to pineal research in birds: measurement of circadian rhythms of melatonin.	circadian rhythms of pineal melatonin release were measured in free-moving pigeons, japanese quails, and chickens under light-dark cycles followed by constant dim light. although melatonin levels differed among individual birds, circadian rhythms of melatonin were observed in all of them. using this technique, we could examine phase shifts of melatonin rhythms and suppression of melatonin release by photic stimulation in pigeons. we could also examine effects of norepinephrine infusion on melato ...	1994	7708366
acquisition of pathogenicity of a newcastle disease virus isolated from a japanese quail by intracerebral passage in chickens.	newcastle disease virus (ndv) was isolated from a japanese quail (cotornix cotornix japonica). the effect of intracerebral and intranasal passages of the ndv in chickens on the pathogenicity was studied. pathogenicity of the viruses of different passage levels was compared with that of the original isolate by the mean death time with the minimum lethal dose in chicken embryos, intracerebral pathogenicity index in day-old chicks, intravenous pathogenicity index with 6-week-old chickens and the mo ...	1994	7745878
inhibitory specificity against various trypsins and stability of ovomucoid from japanese quail egg white.	the inhibitory specificity and stability of ovomucoid from japanese quail egg white (omjpq) were examined to understand its nutritional significance. omjpq showed strong inhibitory activities toward trypsins from various origins including human, and the trypsin inhibitions occurred at molar ratios of enzyme to inhibitor between 1/1 and 2/1. on the other hand, an equimolar mixture of the second and third domains of omjpq inhibited bovine trypsin more strongly than the corresponding native omjpq d ...	1994	7751977
the leukocyte response of japanese quail to rous sarcoma virus-induced tumors.	in male japanese quail, different circulating leukocyte responses were observed for progressors (birds developing a massive tumor that persisted throughout the experiment) and regressors (birds developing a tumor that gradually disappeared) after initial challenge with rous sarcoma virus (rsv). blood was sampled before and at weekly intervals postinoculation. blood smears were prepared and stained with diff quik, and a light microscope (1000 x) was used in a direct count of 50 fields. leukocytes ...	1994	7832716
vasotocinergic innervation of sexually dimorphic medial preoptic nucleus of the male japanese quail: influence of testosterone.	the distribution of vasotocin (vt)-immunoreactive (ir) fibers was described in the preoptic and septal regions of the male quail brain. the density of vt-ir fibers was measured in the sexually dimorphic preoptic nucleus (pom) and lateral septum (sl) of adult male quail (coturnix japonica) by means of quantitative image analysis. experimental manipulations of the hormonal environment in the peripubertal period influenced this distribution. in both regions, the vt immunoreactivity was reduced or a ...	1994	7820616
stimulus control of copulatory behavior in sexually naive male japanese quail (coturnix japonica): effects of test context and stimulus movement.	sexually experienced male quail (coturnix japonica) are more likely to engage in copulatory behavior than sexually naive ones. these experiments suggest that sexual experience in a particular place may facilitate later copulatory responding because of increased familiarity with the contextual cues of the environment. male quail in experiment 1 did not copulate reliably with taxidermic models of females in a novel context, even though some of the subjects were allowed to copulate with female quai ...	1994	7924255
gonadal-gabaergic interaction is an important factor involved in photoperiod-induced 2-[125i] iodomelatonin binding changes in the japanese quail brain.	the type of mechanism(s) by which melatonin alone and/or through the intervention of other putative neurotransmitters is able to control circadian rhythms remains unresolved. comparison of 2-[125i]iodomelatonin binding pattern in the brain of castrated and gonadally intact japanese quail (coturnix japonica), using quantitative receptor autoradiography, displayed that the combination of the intact gonadal condition and a long-day (16l:8d) photostimulatory schedule is responsible for major binding ...	1994	8082036
retinal distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive cells in two strains of quails coturnix coturnix japonica.	we have compared the distribution of tyrosine-hydroxylase immunoreactive (th-i) somata in the retina of two strains of japanese quails, one normally pigmented and one hypopigmented mutant which develops a glaucoma, three months after their hatching. th-i cells were observed among amacrine and presumptive interplexiform cells in both strains. they were distributed in areas of decreasing densities from an area centralis, located in the central upper retina to the retinal periphery. we have arbitra ...	1994	7914902
combined gonadal and photic influences on 2-[125i] iodomelatonin-binding level changes in some brain areas of the quail.	quantitative receptor autoradiography was used to study the binding of 2-[125i] iodomelatonin in the brain of the castrated and gonadally intact male japanese quail coturnix japonica exposed to both long- and short-day photoperiod cycles. the distribution study displayed that these conditions were responsible for a heterogeneous binding pattern as shown by elevated receptor levels being located in visual brain centers, such as the stratum opticum, nucleus pretectalis, and nucleus geniculatus lat ...	1994	8064260
morphometric analysis of the scleral bony ring with different numbers of ossicles in the eye of coturnix coturnix japonica.	the scleral bony ring (s.b.r.) of coturnix coturnix japonica was examined and evaluated morphometrically in its characteristic formations (scleral ossicles, overlapping sectors). the modal class 14-14, the most representative, was compared to others having minor or major numbers of ossicles with complex or simple overlaps in the left and right eyes. it was observed that the ossicles, numbered as in the literature, are ordered in a characteristic manner to form the s.b.r. the ossicle dimensions a ...	1994	7978347
the density of melatonin receptors is dependent upon the prevailing photoperiod in the japanese quail (coturnix japonica).	two groups of japanese quail (coturnix japonica) were exposed to two different photoperiods (short and long days: ld 8:16 and ld 16:8, respectively), and their brains examined for the presence and distribution of melatonin receptors by means of quantitative in vitro autoradiography. animals belonging to the ld 8:16 group expressed a significantly higher melatonin receptor density in the optic tectum and nucleus triangularis, while the ld 16:8 animals had a higher density of receptors in the hype ...	1994	7936394
topography of sexually conditioned behavior in male japanese quail (coturnix japonica) depends on the cs-us interval.	the interval between exposure to a conditioned stimulus (cs) to male quail and access to a female (the unconditioned stimulus [us]) was varied from 0.5 to 20 min using a pavlovian delayed conditioning procedure. increasing the cs-us interval altered the spatial distribution of sexual conditioned behavior. with a short cs-us interval (1 min), conditioning resulted in the ss remaining close to the cs and increasing their locomotor behavior near the cs. with a long cs-us interval (20 min), the ss a ...	1994	8189188
sex difference in the neurotensin-immunoreactive cell populations of the preoptic area in quail (coturnix japonica).	the distribution of neurotensin-immunoreactive cells and fibers was analyzed by immunocytochemistry in the forebrain of male and female japanese quail (coturnix japonica) by using an antibody directed against the c-terminal part of the molecule. immunoreactive perikarya were located almost exclusively in the medial preoptic area with small populations also being present in the nucleus paraventricularis and in the tuberal region. immunoreactive fibers were observed not only throughout the preopti ...	1994	8187169
molecular species analysis of glycosphingolipids from small intestine of japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica by hplc/fab/ms.	neutral glycosphingolipids were isolated from quail small intestine and their structures were analysed. they contained: gal beta 1-4glccer(laccer), gal alpha 1-4galcer(ga2cer), gal alpha 1-4gal beta 1-4glccer(gb3cer), glcnac beta 1-3gal beta 1-4glccer(lc3cer), galnac beta 1-4gal beta 1-4glccer(gg3cer), galnac beta 1-4[galnac beta 1-3] gal beta 1-4glccer(lcgg4cer), and galnac alpha 1-3galnac beta 1-3gal alpha 1-4gal beta 1-4glccer (forssman glycolipid) as well as glucosylceramide, galactosylceram ...	1994	7804001
blood esterase inhibition in birds as an index of organophosphorus contamination: field and laboratory studies.	: with the aim of developing a nondestructive biomarker (serum 'b' esterases) for monitoring bird populations exposed to azamethiphos s((6-chloro-2-oxooxazolo(4,5-b)pyridin-3(2h)-yl)methyl) 0,0-dimethyl phosphorothioate (9cl), parallel laboratory and field studies were performed. in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) treated with azamethiphos at 10 mg kg(-1), serum butyrylcholinesterase (bche) and carboxylesterase (ce) activities were inhibited by 88% and 35%, respectively, after 24 h. ...	1994	24201863
developing blood vessels and associated extracellular matrix as substrates for neural crest migration in japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica.	japanese quail embryos were used to examine paths of neural crest cell (nc) migration in relationship to the embryonic vasculature. immunolabeling for nc, angioblasts and the extracellular matrix (ecm) glycoproteins fibronectin (fn), laminin (ln) and tenascin (tn) revealed several instances where spatiotemporal patterns of nc migration coincide with the embryonic vascular pattern and its associated ecm. an in vitro model for angiogenesis was modified to include nc, and associations with "capilla ...	1994	7521199
inverse relationship between functional maturity and exponential growth rate of avian skeletal muscle: a constraint on evolutionary response.	in this study, we investigate whether a tissue-level constraint can explain the general inverse relationship between growth rate and precocity of development in birds. on the whole, altricial (dependent) chicks grow three to four times faster than the less dependent, more able chicks of precocial species of similar adult mass. we suggest that an antagonism between growth and acquisition of mature function in skeletal muscle constrains postnatal growth and development in most species of birds. al ...	1994	28564466
excalfactoria quail as a new laboratory research animal.	chinese painted quail (excalfactoria chinensis), which is sometimes reared as a bird for pleasure, appears to be an excellent candidate for a laboratory research animal. handling and general care of this species are very easy because of its small body size and hardiness. the body weight (mean +/- sem) of the newly hatched chick, adult male, and adult female is 3.93 +/- .05, 47.66 +/- .52, and 55.89 +/- .75 g, respectively; that is, approximately half the size of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix ...	1994	8072918
control of sodium and chloride transport in the thick ascending limb in the avian nephron.	we previously reported that birds may concentrate urine by a countercurrent multiplier mechanism using single-solute (nacl) recirculation, in which the thick ascending limb of henle (tal) of mammalian-type nephrons provides an energy source. the japanese quail tal has a higher lumen-to-bath cl flux (jcl,lb) than that of mammals; the mechanism for maintaining the osmotic gradient along the medullary cone is unknown. we investigated whether salt delivery alters the nacl reabsorption rate in the ta ...	1994	8067454
photoperiod affects the morphology of a sexually dimorphic nucleus within the preoptic area of male japanese quail.	changes in the gross and cellular morphology of the nucleus preopticus medianus (pomn) were measured in response to changes in photoperiod in adult male japanese quail (coturnix japonica). pomn volume and the soma size of a dorsolateral population of neurons within pomn decreased when birds were moved from long day housing conditions (16l,8d) to short day housing conditions (8l,16d), and then increased again when birds were moved back to long day conditions, presumably as a function of the chang ...	1994	7697357
metabolic adaptations induced by long-term fasting in quails.	after up to 21 days without food, adult male quails (coturnix coturnix japonica) lost about 45% of the initial body weight (100-150 g). as in naturally fast-adapted and larger birds, three phases were identified during prolonged fasting in quails. phase i lasted 2-3 days and was characterized by a rapid decrease in the rate of body weight loss and high fat mobilization. phase ii was longer and characterized by a slow and steady decline in the rates of body weight loss and of nitrogen excretion. ...	1995	7614041
sexual differentiation of brain and behavior in quail and zebra finches: studies with a new aromatase inhibitor, r76713.	in many species of vertebrates, major sex differences affect reproductive behavior and endocrinology. most of these differences do not result from a direct genomic action but develop following early exposure to a sexually differentiated endocrine milieu. in rodents, the female reproductive phenotype mostly develops in the absence of early steroid influence and male differentiation is imposed by the early action of testosterone, acting at least in part through its central conversion into estrogen ...	1995	7626466
species specificity of social reinstatement in japanese quail coturnix japonica genetically selected for high or low levels of social reinstatement behaviour.	divergent lines of japanese quail coturnix japonica showing high (hsr) or low (lsr) levels of social reinstatement (sr) behaviour (as measured in a treadmill apparatus) have been developed. however, it was not known if selection had influenced social reinstatement tendencies in a general or a species-specific fashion. therefore, the present study compared the sr behaviour of quail chicks of the hsr and lsr lines and of a control line when the goal box of the treadmill was empty or when it contai ...	1995	24897245
organophosphorus-induced delayed neurotoxicity: a comparative study of the effects of tri-ortho-tolyl phosphate and triphenyl phosphite on the central nervous system of the japanese quail.	the neurotoxic effects of single oral doses of tri-ortho-tolyl phosphate (totp) (500 mg/kg body weight) or single subcutaneous injections of triphenyl phosphite (tpp) (62.5-500 mg/kg body weight) were investigated in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). oral doses of totp resulted in no detectable clinical signs while injections of tpp resulted in mild ataxia to severe paralysis depending upon the dosage level. at 24 hr postdosing, whole-brain activity of neuropathy target esterase ( ...	1995	7603644
bh (black at hatch) gene appears to cause whole-body hemorrhage in homozygous embryos of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	genotypes of early embryos obtained from mating bh/+ quail were determined by chorio-allantoic membrane grafting of their thigh skin, and the development of the bh homozygous embryos was examined histologically. the bh homozygous embryos died at an early stage of development (after 7 to 10 days of incubation) with a very high incidence of whole-body hemorrhage (approximately 100%), but malformation of neural tubes was not always accompanied by bh homozygosity. degeneration of the liver was more ...	1995	7722476
mosaic lectin labelling in the quail collecting ducts.	morphological and histoenzymological differences have been observed between intercalated and principal cells of the quail coturnix coturnix japonica collecting ducts. the present study was designed to shed light on the lectin affinity of the collecting duct cells within cortex and medulla by the use of hrp-labelled lectins combined with glycosidase degradation. binding of pna and rca-i lectins consequent to enzymatic release of sialic acid revealed abundant sialylated carbohydrate moieties withi ...	1995	7541264
a quantitative investigation of gonadal feminization by diethylstilboestrol of genetically male embryos of the quail coturnix coturnix japonica.	the effect of diethylstilboestrol on gonad development in quail embryos has been quantitatively analysed. quail embryos at 4 days of incubation were treated with diethylstilboestrol (des), using the egg dipping method. at 10 days of incubation, embryos were removed and killed by decapitation. tissues were prepared for chromosome analysis, and the parts of the abdomen containing the gonads were prepared for serial sectioning and quantitative assessment. left gonads of des-treated male embryos res ...	1995	7616493
effect of age and carcase composition on the onset of sexual maturity in quail under normal feeding regimens.	1. the effect of age and carcase composition on the onset of sexual maturity was investigated in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) reared under a normal feeding regimen. 2. at 42 d of age, when the quail had started to lay and hen day production was about 60%, layers were heavier and contained more carcase fat than those that were not laying. 3. the liver and the ovary weight were greater following the onset of sexual maturity than 1 or 2 weeks before (35 and 28 d respectively). 4. car ...	1995	8746978
functional maturation of neuroendocrine gonadal axis is altered by specific phase relations of circadian neurotransmitter activity in japanese quail.	the present study was designed to ascertain the effects of temporal relationship of circadian neural oscillations on puberty attainment and reproductive growth of japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica. serotonin and dopamine precursors (5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-htp and l-dihydroxyphenylalanine, l-dopa; 5 mg/100 g body weight) were injected daily, 8 and 12 h apart in two groups of one-day old chicks, while controls received two daily injections of normal saline. weekly/biweekly observations (b ...	1995	8719179
dietary nitroprusside alleviates atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica), susceptible to cholesterol-induced atherosclerosis, were rendered hypercholesterolemic by feeding a diet containing 0.5% cholesterol in two experiments. half the animals also received a dietary supplement of sodium nitroprusside ranging in concentration from 0.005% to 0.015%. after 10 weeks on the diets, serum was obtained for cholesterol analysis, the animals were killed, and the aortae removed and examined for the presence of atherosclerotic le ...	1995	7553329
autoradiographic localization of d1-like dopamine receptors in the forebrain of male and female japanese quail and their relationship with immunoreactive tyrosine hydroxylase.	the distribution of d1-like dopamine receptors was studied in the brain of male and female japanese quail (coturnix japonica) by means of quantitative autoradiography with 3h-labelled d1 selective antagonist, sch 23390, serving as a ligand. a specific, saturable, high affinity binding of this ligand was demonstrated. high densities of binding sites were detected in the lobus parolfactorius, olfactory tubercle, and paleostriatum augmentatum. medium densities were observed in the entire neostriatu ...	1995	8561950
inherited muscular disorder in mutant japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica): relationship between the development of muscle lesions and age.	the progression of the pathological changes that occur in the skeletal muscle was examined in 19 japanese quail of the lwc strain, affected with an autosomal dominant inherited muscular disorder producing electrical myotonia. the muscle samples were obtained every 10 days from 20 to 70 days of age. muscle samples from 18 age-matched commercial quail were used as normal controls. characteristic histological lesions found in the skeletal muscles included sarcoplasmic masses, ringed fibres, interna ...	1995	8543670
effect of inducers and pcbs on the cytochrome p450 enzymes in cultured quail hepatocytes.	hepatocytes isolated from fetal quail livers (coturnix coturnix japonica) were cultured in vitro. their capacity to metabolize drugs and xenobiotics was explored with typical cytochrome p450 substrates: ethoxycoumarin (known to be metabolized by several p450s), ethoxyresorufin (essentially dealkylated by p450ia1), and testosterone (specifically hydroxylated at several positions by several p450s). the cells could be kept metabolically active in culture for at least 4 days. their drug-metabolizing ...	1995	8521782
influence of various dietary protein levels on carcase composition in the male japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	1. the present study was conducted to determine the effect of various dietary protein concentrations on the carcase composition of male japanese quail. 2. six diets varying in protein from 160 to 300 g/kg and containing approximately 11.72 mj/kg me were fed for 5 weeks and analysed for dry matter, protein, fat and ash. 3. treatments affected carcase weight, dry matter, protein, ether extract and ash (p < 0.01). 4. the water content of the carcases decreased with increasing dietary protein concen ...	1995	8590093
characterisation of melatonin binding sites in the eye of the japanese quail (coturnix japonica).	melatonin binding sites were examined in the quail eye using 2-[125]iodomelatonin. radioreceptor assays indicated similar binding sites in membrane preparations of neural retina (nr) and choroid-retinal pigment epithelium (c-rpe) eye components. in both tissues binding of the radioligand was specific, saturable, and of high affinity [kd values nr 50.8 +/- 19.5 pm, c-rpe 98.2 +/- 35.4 pm, mean +/- sem (n = 4)] and low capacity (bmax values nr 12.4 +/- 2.7 fmol/mg protein, c-rpe 21.5 +/- 3.2 fmol/ ...	1995	8582600
development of metabolic response in male quail brain during sexual maturation.	seasonal reproductive activities of japanese quail coturnix japonica are induced most obviously by stimulatory effects of long-day photoperiod. this study addressed the metabolic response, as measured by 2-deoxyglucose (2-dg), in brain of male quail during sexual maturation. at 7 weeks of age, reproductively quiescent quail exposed to a short photoperiod of 6l:18d, received 2-dg on day 0 and +3, +6, +9, +12, +15 and +18 days after onset of 16l:8d. brains were processed for autoradiography; serum ...	1995	8593573
the occurrence of a mutant dimerizable histone h5 in japanese quail erythrocytes.	an allelic variant of linker histone h5 has been found in the erythrocytes of japanese quail (coturnix japonica) descended from a small group of feral birds captured on the island of hawaii. this variant spontaneously forms protein dimers in vitro in the absence of reducing agents. that this depends upon the introduction of a sulfhydryl group (presumably because of a cysteine substitution) is indicated by its reaction with 2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoate and by its fluorescence after reaction with 4 ...	1995	8537005
exposure of domestic quail embryos to extremely low frequency magnetic fields.	four hundred domestic quail eggs (coturnix coturnix japonica) were used to study the possible teratogenic effects of extremely low frequency magnetic fields (elf-mfs) on early embryonic development. ten females were selected from a flock on the basis of their high fertility rate and low number of spontaneous abnormalities and they were selectivity maintained in nesting-boxes in a room where feeding and environmental conditions were carefully controlled. all the eggs used in the experiments were ...	1995	7561392
triphenyl phosphite-induced neuropathy in the avian forebrain: a silver impregnation study of the visual and auditory systems of the japanese quail.	single subcutaneous injections of triphenyl phosphite (tpp) (62.5-500 mg/kg body weight) were made in the japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). the extent and density of resultant central nervous system degeneration were mapped by using the fink-heimer silver impregnation method to selectively impregnate degenerating axons and terminals. in addition to resulting in degeneration in the medulla and cerebellum, exposure to tpp also resulted in axonal and terminal degeneration in specific mid ...	1995	7603630
the use of japanese and bobwhite quail as indicator species in avian toxicity test. ecpa/gifap environmental round table.	a comparative analysis was made between the toxicity of plant protection products to two species of quail used in regulatory testing. it was shown that in general differences in the sensitivity between bobwhite quail and japanese quail were small, and not statistically significant. it was therefore concluded that both species should be seen as equally suitable models for avian safety assessment. the mutual acceptance of studies carried out on either of these species for us and ec registration pr ...	1995	7728512
vagal preganglionic neurons innervating the different gastric regions in the japanese quail (coturnix japonica).	the cytoarchitecture and distribution patterns of the vagal preganglionic neurons within the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (dmnx) innervating the proventriculus and the gizzard of the japanese quail were examined by nissl staining and the horseradish peroxidase (hrp) method. a 30% solution of hrp was injected into nine different gastric regions: the ventral and dorsal parts of the proventriculus, the caudodorsal and cranioventral thick muscles, the craniodorsal and caudoventral thin mu ...	1995	8559557
effects of acute lead ingestion and diet on antibody and t-cell-mediated immunity in japanese quail.	this study investigated the interacting effects of acute lead exposure and different diets on antibody and t-cell-mediated immunity in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix). nine quail (nine week old males) were assigned randomly to each group in a factorial experiment with four treatments and two diets. the treatments were 1) a positive control group fed 20 micrograms/g corticosterone, 2) a negative control group given no lead or corticosterone, 3) a low-lead group, and 4) a high-lead group. the l ...	1995	7710288
mapping of neurochemical markers in quail central nervous system: vip- and sp-like immunoreactivity.	the distribution of cells and fibres containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vip) and substance p (sp) was investigated in the brain of japanese quail focussing on the centers involved in reproductive activities. sp-immunoreactive (ir) structures were chiefly present within the ventral telencephalic regions, the periventricular hypothalamus and the dorsal aspects of thalamus. vip immunopositive structures were rarely associated with recognizable nuclei and they were observed in the organum ...	1995	7541207
effects of insulin-like growth factor-i, estrogen, glucocorticoid, and transferrin on the mrna contents of ovalbumin and conalbumin in primary cultures of quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) oviduct cells.	the effects of estrogen, dexamethasone, insulin-like growth factor-i (igf-i), and transferrin on the messenger rna (mrna) contents of ovalbumin and conalbumin in primary cultures of quail oviduct cells were investigated. in the absence of one of the above hormones or factors, a decrease in ovalbumin mrna was prominent. in particular, removal of igf-i and transferrin caused a significant effect. studies using a combination of estrogen, dexamethasone, igf-i and transferrin indicated that igf-i coo ...	1995	7599964
photoperiodic activation of fos-like immunoreactive protein in neurones within the tuberal hypothalamus of japanese quail.	photoperiodic stimulation of quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) resulted in the appearance of a nuclear fos-like protein within neurones of the basal tuberal hypothalamus. on transfer to long days the number of neurones containing this fos-like immunoreactivity increased from about 150 to 700, the neurones being scattered throughout the length of the tubero-infundibular complex. this activation had occurred by early in the second long day and was maintained for at least three long days. over thi ...	1995	7823310
influence of dietary aflatoxin on eimeria uzura infection in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica).	a study was conducted to assess the influence of dietary aflatoxin on eimeria uzura in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). quail receiving 1 part per million (ppm) of dietary aflatoxin b1 and inoculated with 10(5) sporulated oocysts of e. uzura gained significantly less weight than chicks receiving either aflatoxin or coccidia alone. increased morbidity, mortality and decreased efficiency of feed utilization were also evident. the combination of e. uzura infection and aflatoxicosis resu ...	1995	7732641
karyotypic analysis of three species of phasianidae (galliformes: aves).	the karyology of the partridges francolinus francolinus asiae (2n = 70) and f. pondicerianus interpositus (2n = 68) and the japanese quail coturnix coturnix japonica (2n = 78) was investigated. the frequency distribution of the diploid number of chromosomes was tabulated and the most frequent number was taken to be the diploid number. all species showed a bimodal karyotype and the variation in the number of chromosomes was attributed to the macrochromosomes, although twelve macrochromosomes were ...	1995	7671640
isolation and characterization of cdna clones for japanese quail (coturnix japonica) major histocompatibility complex (mhccoja) class i molecules.		1995	7642233
comparison of ultradian and circadian oscillations of carbon dioxide production by various endotherms.	carbon dioxide emission (vco2) was computed every 20 min from continuous co2 concentration recordings taken during 3-30 consecutive days, in strictly controlled environmental conditions, in 54 of1 mice, 99 japanese quail, 66 sprague-dawley rats, 50 hartley guinea pigs, 7 chicks, for 7-15 days on 2 cynomolgus monkeys, and for 24 h on 7 premature infants. this vco2 shows circadian and ultradian oscillations that were analyzed for frequencies and amplitudes in light-dark 12-h alternation (ld 12:12) ...	1995	7840329
avian neurosteroids. i. pregnenolone biosynthesis in the quail brain.	the present study was carried out to determine steroid biosynthesis from cholesterol in the brain of adult male japanese quails. as an initial step of the experiments, the concentrations of pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone and their sulfate esters in the brain and plasma extracts were measured by specific radioimmunoassays (rias). to exclude the possibility that these steroids in the brain are derived from peripheral steroidogenic glands, hypophysectomized and sham-operated birds were used i ...	1995	7620878
avian neurosteroids. ii. localization of a cytochrome p450scc-like substance in the quail brain.	we have recently demonstrated that the avian brain as well as the peripheral steroidogenic glands produces pregnenolone, the main precursor of steroid hormones, on the basis of biochemical studies. therefore, the immunohistochemical and western immunoblotting analyses with a polyclonal antibody directed against the purified bovine adrenal cytochrome p450scc, which is involved in pregnenolone formation, was undertaken to investigate the localization of a cytochrome p450scc-like substance in the b ...	1995	7620879
possible role of viruses in atherosclerosis.	relative to the role of viruses in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis a number of questions remain to be answered. being ubiquitous, are the herpesvirus infections the norm or a diseased state in humans and animals? in all cases studied, including mdv induced atherosclerosis, direct isolation of viruses from arterial tissues has not been successful. are herpesviruses always latent or dormant in vascular tissues? what is the relationship between provirus and disease development? are they setting ...	1995	7598020
invasion and viability of campylobacter jejuni in experimentally contaminated japanese quails' eggs.	in japanese quail eggs experimentally immersed in a suspension of campylobacter jejuni from human patients (y6817, y6878), strain y6817 was recovered from 15 (18.8%) eggs among 80 between 0.5 hr and 72 hr after immersion. invasion of the eggs by strain y6878 was also seen in 10 (12.5%) of 80 eggs between 0.5 hr and 24 hr after immersion. when egg yolk was inoculated with both strains and held at 4 degrees c, the organisms were detectable for a longer time than the ones kept at 20 degrees c. on t ...	1995	7548430
proteolysis of japanese quail and chicken plasma apolipoprotein b and vitellogenin by cathepsin d: similarity of the resulting protein fragments with egg yolk polypeptides.	plasma very-low density lipoprotein (vldl) and vitellogenin (vtg) from mature female japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and chickens (gallus domesticus) were isolated and digested in vitro with cathepsin d (ec3.4.23.5). the incubation mixtures were then reduced and subjected to gradient (4.5-18%) sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. protein fragments were stained with either coomassie brilliant blue r-250 (vldl digests) or coomassie brilliant blue r-250 containing 20 mm alcl3 (vtg di ...	1995	7584850
a possible role of vitamin d receptors in regulating vitamin d activation in the kidney.	the vitamin d endocrine system is regulated reciprocally by renal 25-hydroxyvitamin d3 1 alpha- and 24-hydroxylases. previously, we reported that renal proximal convoluted tubules, the major site of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 production, have vitamin d receptors. in the presence of vitamin d receptors, renal proximal convoluted tubules cannot maintain the state of enhanced production of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin d3. to clarify this discrepancy, we proposed a working hypothesis for the re ...	1995	7597089
the genetic link between the chinese bamboo partridge (bambusicola thoracica) and the chicken and junglefowls of the genus gallus.	further comparison of mitochondrial control-region dna base sequences of 16 avian species belonging to the subfamily phasianinae revealed the following: (i) generalized perdicine birds (quails and partridges) are of ancient lineages. even the closest pair, the common quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) and the chinese bamboo partridge (bambusicola thoracica), maintained only 85.71% identity. (ii) the 12 species of phasianine birds previously and presently studied belonged to three distinct branch ...	1995	7479935
characterization of the japanese quail oocyte receptor for very low density lipoprotein and vitellogenin.	the plasma membrane receptor for vldl and vitellogenin from oocytes of japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) was characterized and compared with that of another domestic fowl, the chicken (gallus domesticus). when visualized by ligand blotting with biotinylated or 125i-labeled lipoproteins, the quail vldl/vitellogenin receptor had an apparent m(r) of 95 kda under nonreducing conditions, identical to that of the chicken receptor. upon analysis by ligand blotting, binding of radiolabeled qua ...	1995	7738685
a new inherited muscular disorder in japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica).	thirteen adult mutant (lwc strain) japanese quails (coturnix coturnix japonica), between the ages of 8 and 60 weeks were examined for a progressive muscular disorder. the disorder, inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, was clinically apparent as early as 28 days of age; it was characterized by generalized myotonia, muscle stiffness, and muscle weakness. affected birds were identified by their inability to lift their wings vertically upward and by their inability to right themselves when plac ...	1995	7483209
circadian rhythms of corneal mitotic rate, retinal melatonin and immunoreactive visual pigments, and the effects of melatonin on the rhythms in the japanese quail.	we investigated circadian ocular rhythms in the japanese quail, coturnix coturnix japonica. the birds were placed under light-dark cycles (ld 12:12), constant light (ll) and constant darkness (dd), and the retinas were dissected out at four-hour intervals throughout 24 h. following measurements were performed. (1) melatonin content in the retina was measured by radioimmunoassay. it was low in light and several folds higher in darkness under ld 12:12. the rhythm continued in dd, but disappeared i ...	1995	7722956
ethane 1,2-dimethane sulfonate effects on the testis of the lizard, podarcis s. sicula raf: morphological and hormonal changes.	ethane 1,2-dimethane sulfonate (eds) destroys leydig cells in the testis of some rodents (mice excluded), disrupts interstitial and germinal compartments in the frog, rana esculenta, while it stimulates testicular activity in the teleost, gobius paganellus. in the japanese quail the toxin removes mature spermatozoa. there is no information on eds effects in reptiles. the present study examines the effect of eds treatment in the lizard podarcis s. sicula raf during two different periods of the te ...	1995	7789742