Publications

chlamydia pneumonia seropositivity correlates with serum fibrinogen and lipoprotein a levels: any role in atherosclerosis?	the aim of the study is to determine the impact of chlamydial seropositivity on atherosclerosis in a group of patient requiring coronary and/or carotid revascularization. a population of 30 diabetic patients (group 3) and 26 nondiabetic patients (group 2) with angiographically documented coronary and/or carotid artery disease were enrolled for the study. volunteers from the relatives of hospital staff with no known disease (n=29; group 1) were included as the control group. serum samples from th ...	2001	11456278
chlamydophila (chlamydia) pneumoniae as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia in thailand.	chlamydophila (chlamydia) pneumoniae infection is increasingly reported worldwide nowadays. we studied twelve thai adults presenting with the clinical symptoms and signs of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) due to c. pneumoniae (twar) at pramongkutklao hospital in bangkok, thailand. their mean age was 38 (range 21-73) years. six patients lived in bangkok. seven patients had comorbid diseases (four cases with allergic asthma, one each with diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ...	2001	11460948
chlamydia pneumoniae infection and its association with coronary heart disease and cardiovascular risk factors in a sample south asian population.	recent studies have suggested that a chronic infection with chlamydia pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae) may be associated with the risk of developing coronary heart disease (chd). a case control study was conducted to investigate the association between c. pneumoniae infection and coronary heart disease and coronary risk factors in a sample south asian population. c. pneumoniae specific igg antibody was measured by microimmunofluorescence. among controls 56.6% were seropositive (> or =1/32) compared to ...	2001	11461741
standardizing chlamydia pneumoniae assays: recommendations from the centers for disease control and prevention (usa) and the laboratory centre for disease control (canada).	chlamydia pneumoniae has been associated with atherosclerosis and several other chronic diseases, but reports from different laboratories are highly variable and "gold standards" are lacking, which has led to calls for more standardized approaches to diagnostic testing. using leading researchers in the field, we reviewed the available approaches to serological testing, culture, dna amplification, and tissue diagnostics to make specific recommendations. with regard to serological testing, only us ...	2001	11462186
a chlamydia pneumoniae-specific peptide induces experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in rats.	it has been reported recently that the bacterial respiratory pathogen chlamydia pneumoniae is present in the cerebrospinal fluid of a subset of multiple sclerosis (ms) patients. however, it is not known whether this organism is a causative agent of ms, or merely an opportunistic pathogen that takes advantage of a disease process initiated by some other means. we report identification of a 20-mer peptide from a protein specific to c. pneumoniae which shares a 7-aa motif with a critical epitope of ...	2001	11466406
inflammation, infection and antimicrobial therapy in coronary heart disease--where do we currently stand?	traditional atherosclerotic risk factors such as hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidaemia and diabetes mellitus, account for only about 50% of the clinical occurrence of coronary heart disease (chd). the infectious hypothesis proposes that various microorganisms, in particular, chlamydia pneumoniae, may serve as potential etiological factors, linking inflammation and atherosclerosis (or its clinical manifestations). evidence from seroepidemiology, pathology, animal models, molecular biology and im ...	2001	11468018
solid-phase amplification and detection: a single-tube diagnostic assay for infectious agents.	we report the development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-like single-tube assay for the detection of infectious agents in a microtiter tray format.	2001	11468698
temporal arteritis associated with chlamydia pneumoniae dna detected in an artery specimen.		2001	11469491
[unrecognized chronic bronchitis].		2001	11721487
evidence that chlamydia pneumoniae affects platelet activity in patients with acute myocardial infarction and st-segment elevations.	this study concerns platelet activity at myocardial infarctions and possible relationships with chlamydia pneumoniae seroreactivity. fourteen patients with acute myocardial infarction and st-segment elevations were enrolled. they all received thrombolytic therapy. the subjects were examined within 24 h after hospital admission (day 1) and after 6 months of recovery. on day 1, c. pneumoniae igm antibody titres were analysed and on day 1 and during recovery c. pneumoniae igg and soluble p-selectin ...	2001	11728040
atherosclerosis and tuberculosis: are they both chronic infectious diseases?		2001	11728058
incidence of immunoglobulin g antibodies to chlamydia pneumoniae in acute myocardial infarction patients.	recent studies have suggested a possible association between chlamydia pneumoniae infection and coronary heart disease.	2001	11729576
prevalence of chlamydia pneumoniae in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in italian patients with acute ischaemic heart disease.	chlamydia pneumoniae infection generally starts in the respiratory tract and probably disseminates systemically in the blood stream within alveolar macrophages. we investigated the prevalence of c. pneumoniae dna in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) in patients with acute ischaemic heart disease. samples of blood were obtained from 93 consecutive patients with acute ischaemic heart disease and from 42 healthy subjects, for detection of c. pneumoniae dna in pbmc by polymerase chain reacti ...	2001	11730834
in vitro degradation of aortic elastin by chlamydia pneumoniae.	to investigate whether chlamydia pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae) may increase elastin degradation in the aortic wall.	2001	11735183
prevention and management of infection in children with sickle cell anaemia.	sickle cell anaemia (sca) predisposes a child to infections for various reasons, including increased bone marrow turnover, poor perfusion and functional asplenia leading to decreased opsonisation of polysaccharide encapsulated organisms. bacteria and viruses that most frequently cause serious infections in children with sickle cell disease are streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae type b, salmonella spp., escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumo ...	2001	11735665
bronchial chlamydia pneumoniae infection, markers of allergic inflammation and lung function in children.	a relationship between respiratory chlamydia pneumoniae infection (rcpi) and bronchial asthma is under discussion. our objective was to study the frequency of rcpi and whether it is associated with markers of asthma in children with recurrent or chronic bronchitis as well as pneumonia. one-hundred and forty-eight children who underwent bronchoscopy were enrolled; 42 children with additional respiratory infections were excluded. therefore, 106 children were examined, regarding a rcpi, by polymera ...	2001	11737672
c-reactive protein levels and viable chlamydia pneumoniae in carotid artery atherosclerosis.	an elevated serum level of c-reactive protein, an inflammatory marker, is an independent predictor of stroke and coronary artery disease. to determine whether chronic infection with chlamydia pneumoniae, which has been identified in atherosclerotic plaques, is responsible for systemic inflammation, we studied the association between serum c-reactive protein levels and infection of carotid artery atherosclerotic plaque with viable c pneumoniae.	2001	11739967
potential infectious etiologies of atherosclerosis: a multifactorial perspective.	coronary heart disease (chd) contributes substantially to illness and death worldwide. experimental studies demonstrate that infection can stimulate atherogenic processes. this review presents a spectrum of data regarding the link between chd and infection. in addition, the need for improved diagnostic tools, the significance of multiple pathogens, and potential intervention strategies are discussed.	2001	11747688
antibodies against chlamydia pneumoniae predict the need for elective surgical intervention on small abdominal aortic aneurysms.	to compare the ability of two independent chlamydia pneumoniae antibody tests to predict need for small abdominal aortic aneurysm (aaa) repair.	2001	11472052
chlamydia pneumoniae exposure and inflammatory markers in acute coronary syndrome (cimacs).	previous studies have shown higher levels of chlamydia pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae, cp) antibody titers (cpigg), c-reactive protein (crp), and fibrinogen in patients with coronary artery disease. the role of these infectious and inflammatory markers in precipitating acute coronary syndrome (acs) is unclear. we conducted a cross-sectional study on patients (n = 830, mean age 63 +/- 15 years, 57% male) admitted to the chest pain center of our institution. the differences in the cpigg, crp, and fibri ...	2001	11472696
introducing chlamydophila pneumoniae: the twar agent chlamydia pneumoniae in a new perspective.		2001	11476910
bilateral pleural effusion and a subsegmental infiltrate due to chlamydia pneumoniae in a mechanically ventilated patient.	a case of chlamydia pneumoniae infection with bilateral pleural effusion and a subsegmental pulmonary infiltrate in an intubated and mechanically ventilated critically ill patient is described. diagnosis was made by polymerase chain reaction on both pleural effusions.	2001	11476914
[implication and mode of action of infectious agents in the formation of atheromatous plaques. infection and atherosclerosis].	different kinds of infectious agents seem to be implied in the atherosclerotic process. indeed, some bacteria and viruses have been identified in atherosclerotic lesions: chlamydia pneumoniae, helicobacter pylori, streptococcus sanguis, porphyromonas gingivalis, herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2, coxsakievirus b and hepatitis virus a. by their ability to induce antigenic and functional changes in the cells of the vascular wall (endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, monocytes/macrophages, and ...	2001	11776694
interferon-beta induction by chlamydia pneumoniae in human smooth muscle cells.	clinical studies have suggested a causal or contributory role of chlamydia pneumoniae infection in asthma and atherosclerosis. the activation of synthetic functions of smooth muscle cells (smc) including the production of cytokines and growth factors plays a major role in the formation of fibrous atherosclerotic plaques as well as in structural remodelling of the airway wall in chronic asthma. in this study we demonstrated that c. pneumoniae induced the production of low levels of interferon (if ...	2001	11750216
viruses and multiple sclerosis.		2001	11754680
inflammatory mechanisms.	traditional concepts of the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes have changed over the last few years. in particular it has been demonstrated that high-risk lesions are not necessarily angiographically severe. rather, unstable high risk lesions are the ones composed of large lipid cores and thin fibrous caps. it is now widely accepted that plaque instability is related to the development of inflammation within the intima. a consequence of this is that stabilization of lesions provides a new ...	2001	11756204
chlamydia pneumoniae infection in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: analysis of 250 hospitalizations.	two hundred fifty hospitalizations were included in a serologically based prospective study to assess the role of chlamydia pneumoniae in episodes of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd) and the percentage of copd patients chronically infected with this pathogen. chlamydia pneumoniae-specific igg, iga and igm antibody titers were determined using a commercial kit with the microimmunofluorescence method. a significantly higher geometric mean titer in the copd patie ...	2001	11757970
chlamydia pneumoniae infection and accelerated development of coronary artery disease in patients with chronic renal failure.	this study examined the relationship between chlamydia pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae) infection and the accelerated development of coronary artery disease (cad) in patients with chronic renal failure (crf).	2001	11758004
[prevalence of chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies in patients with coronary heart disease].	a possible role of infectious agents in the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular system diseases has been postulated by many scientists. the purpose of our study was to evaluate the correlation between chlamydia pneumoniae infections and coronary heart disease. a group of 211 patients including: 120 patients with coronary heart disease (chd) [63 patients enrolled for precutaneous coronary interventions (ptca), 14 with proven restenosis after ptca and 43 after coronary artery bypass gra ...	2001	11761832
[chlamydia pneumoniae: an cause of reactive arthritis?].	chlamydia pneumoniae is a common cause of acute infections within the upper respiratory tract. it is less well known that chlamydia pneumoniae, just like chlamydia trachomatis, may also trigger reactive arthritis. we describe three patients with arthritis possibly triggered by chlamydia pneumoniae. the patients showed the typical symptoms of reactive arthritis like asymmetric oligo- or polyarthritis, dactylitis, enthesiopathies and tendovaginitis. the course of the disease was quite different. t ...	2001	11763621
biology and clinical significance of chlamydiae.		2001	11764738
[establishment and experimental study on mouse model of chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonitis].	to evaluate mice as experimental animals for chlamydia pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae) infection and investigate the pathogenesis of c. pneumoniae pneumonitis.	2001	11770419
[the relationship between chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis].	background: risk factors for arthrosclerosis have been well identified. more than ten years ago, an infectious process was incriminated, particularly the pathogenic effect of chlamydia pneumoniae in the development of atheromatous lesions responsible for ischemic cardiovascular diseases. data bases: several approaches have been used to assess the presence of a relationship between c. pneumoniae and the development of cardiovascular disease. serological, histopathological (study of the atheromato ...	2001	11771205
bacterial infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 2000: a state-of-the-art review.	chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is the fourth leading cause of death in the united states. the precise role of bacterial infection in the course and pathogenesis of copd has been a source of controversy for decades. chronic bacterial colonization of the lower airways contributes to airway inflammation; more research is needed to test the hypothesis that this bacterial colonization accelerates the progressive decline in lung function seen in copd (the vicious circle hypothesis). the ...	2001	11292642
chlamydia pneumoniae major outer membrane protein is a surface-exposed antigen that elicits antibodies primarily directed against conformation-dependent determinants.	the major outer membrane protein (momp) of chlamydia trachomatis serovariants is known to be an immunodominant surface antigen. moreover, it is known that the c. trachomatis momp elicits antibodies that recognize both linear and conformational antigenic determinants. in contrast, it has been reported that the momp of chlamydia pneumoniae is not surface exposed and is immunorecessive. we hypothesized that the discrepancies between c. trachomatis and c. pneumoniae momp exposure on intact chlamydia ...	2001	11292727
[is infection a pathogenetic factor in coronary heart disease?].	several wellknown risk-factors can contribute to the development of coronary artery disease. a relatively new question is whether infection is also involved in the pathogenesis. acute and/or chronic infections might affect initiation, progression and instability in coronary artery disease, as well as enhance development of restenosis and transplant atherosclerosis. in clinical studies it is possible to measure the amount of antibodies in blood samples, detect infectious agents in atheromatous le ...	2001	11293311
human monocyte-derived insulin-like growth factor-2 enhances the infection of human arterial endothelial cells by chlamydia pneumoniae.	it has been shown that infection of human endothelial cells by chlamydia pneumoniae is enhanced by co-culturing endothelial cells with human monocytes and is mediated by monocyte-derived soluble factors. this study was conducted to identify the infectivity-enhancing factor. serum-free conditioned medium of human monocytic cells was fractionated by ultrafiltration. the enhancing activity was found in the fraction in the molecular mass range between 5000 and 10,000 kda. recombinant human insulin-l ...	2001	11294668
azithromycin: a new 15-membered macrolide.	azithromycin is the sole member of the macrolide sub-class, the azalides. due to its altered chemical structure, azithromycin is characterized by a broader spectrum of activity, lower incidence of adverse events and drug interactions and a pharmacokinetic profile, that is in contrast to existing macrolides. because of its high and prolonged cellular and tissue concentrations, patients are able to complete a course of azithromycin within a shorter timeframe as compared to other antibiotics. azith ...	2001	11296412
role of mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae in children with community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections.	in order to evaluate the role of mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae, we studied 613 children aged 2-14 years who were hospitalized for community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis). the patients were enrolled in the study by 21 centers in different regions of italy from may 1998 through april 1999. paired serum samples were obtained on admission and after 4-6 weeks to assay the titers of m. pneumoniae and c. pneumoniae antibodies. nasopharyngeal aspirates for the dete ...	2001	11303262
possible causes of symptoms in suspected coronary heart disease but normal angiograms.	in patients with suspected coronary heart disease and normal angiography, the causes of cardiac symptoms frequently remain undetermined. a correct diagnosis is desirable, however, since some of the underlying disorders may be curable, treatable, influence prognosis, or induce screening of the relatives.	2001	11303699
chlamydia pneumoniae does not increase atherosclerosis in the aortic root of apolipoprotein e-deficient mice.	in epidemiological studies, an association between cardiovascular disease and chlamydia pneumoniae (c pneumoniae) infection has been observed. although c pneumoniae has been shown to be present in atherosclerotic lesions, a causal relationship between c pneumoniae infection and atherosclerosis has not been demonstrated. to study this question, we used 2 strains of apolipoprotein (apo) e-deficient mice. eight-week-old mice on an fvb background that were maintained on either a low- or a high-fat d ...	2001	11304476
antimicrobial activity of thiamphenicol-glycinate-acetylcysteinate and other drugs against chlamydia pneumoniae.	chlamydia pneumoniae is responsible for respiratory tract infections of both upper and lower respiratory tract. although this bacterium is one of the most wide-spread pathogens of man, there are limited data on the antibiotic treatment of c. pneumoniae infections. the aim of this study has been to evaluate the in vitro activity of thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate (tga, cas 20192-91-0) in comparison with molecules with established activity against c. pneumoniae, as well as macrolides and ...	2001	11304944
[prevalence of anti-chlamydia pneumoniae and anti-helicobacter pylori antibodies in subjects with acute myocardial infarction].		2001	11305135
detection of chlamydia pneumoniae dna in buffy-coat samples of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm.	recent studies have suggested that chlamydia pneumoniae infection is a risk factor for abdominal aortic aneurysm. this study explores the presence of chlamydia pneumoniae dna in buffy-coat samples of control subjects and of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. the seroepidemiological association between abdominal aortic aneurysm and chlamydia pneumoniae was also investigated. buffy-coat samples and serum specimens were obtained from 88 patients and 88 control subjects. detection of chlamydia ...	2001	11305463
determinants of c-reactive protein concentration in blood.	c-reactive protein (crp) is a very strong acute phase protein. during the acute phase of disease the crp concentration can increase up to a thousand-fold. however, a higher crp concentration is also observed during chronic stages of disease, for example in subjects with chronic bronchitis, periodontal disease or subjects with increased titers of helicobacter pylori or chlamydia pneumoniae. the concentration of crp is also reported to be associated with age, sex, race, smoking, obesity, consumpti ...	2001	11305530
conservation of the binding site for the arginine repressor in all bacterial lineages.	the arginine repressor argr/ahrc is a transcription factor universally conserved in bacterial genomes. its recognition signal (the arg box), a weak palindrome, is also conserved between genomes, despite a very low degree of similarity between individual sites within a genome. thus, the arginine repressor is different from two other universal transcription factors - hrca, whose recognition signal is very strongly conserved both within and between genomes, and lexa/dinr, whose signal is strongly c ...	2001	11305941
community-acquired pneumonia. a prospective outpatient study.	we initiated a prospective study with a group of practitioners to assess the etiology, clinical presentation, and outcome of community-acquired pneumonia in patients diagnosed in the outpatient setting. all patients with signs and symptoms suggestive of pneumonia and an infiltrate on chest x-ray underwent an extensive standard workup and were followed over 4 weeks. over a 4-year period, 184 patients were eligible, of whom 170 (age range, 15-96 yr; median, 43 yr) were included and analyzed. in 78 ...	2001	11307590
[chlamydia pneumoniae and cerebrovascular disease].	chlamydia pneumoniae has relationship with artherosclerosis of carotid artery by seroepidemiological studies and by demonstration of the bacteria in atheromata. we made a case-control study to know the seroprevalence of chronic infection of c. pneumoniae and the presence of the bacteria in arterial biopsies.	2001	11310268
[chlamydia and arteriosclerosis: a few grey areas still remain].		2001	11310275
an association between an antibody against chlamydia pneumoniae and common carotid atherosclerosis.	chlamydia pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae) is an important pathogen for infections of the respiratory tract, and there are recently also a number of reports suggesting its relation with atherosclerosis. this study was performed to clarify the relation between c. pneumoniae infection and sclerotic lesions of the common carotid arteries.	2001	11310486
asthma in children: are chlamydia or mycoplasma involved?	asthma aetiology is complex, involving interactions between genetic susceptibility, allergen exposure and external aggravating factors such as air pollution, smoking and respiratory tract infections. available evidence supports a role for acute chlaymdia pneumoniae or mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory tract infection as a trigger for 5 to 30% of wheezing episodes and asthma exacerbations. it also appears that acute infections with c. pneumoniae and m. pneumoniae can initiate asthma in some previ ...	2001	11310715
sweet's syndrome and chlamydia pneumoniae infection.	we report the case of a patient in whom sweet's syndrome developed during pneumonia caused by chlamydia pneumoniae. increased expression of helper t-cell type 1 cytokine secretion pattern in peripheral blood has recently been observed in patients with this syndrome, and chlamydia infection is known to primarily activate a helper t-cell type 1 immunologic response.	2001	11312438
increased frequency of chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies in patients with asthma.	the worldwide increase in asthma incidences and the impact of the disease on public health care have led to new investigations of the cause of the disease. besides well-defined environmental causes, accumulating evidence suggests that respiratory tract infections play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. among these microorganisms chlamydia pneumoniae is an intracellular pathogen causing persistent infection. chlamydia pneumoniae infection has been discussed as possibly inducing the ...	2001	11316642
chlamydia pneumoniae in multiple sclerosis: humoral immune responses in serum and cerebrospinal fluid and correlation with disease activity marker.	humoral immune responses to chlamydia pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae) were studied in paired sera and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of patients with definite multiple sclerosis (ms) and other inflammatory and non-inflammatory neurological diseases. seropositivity was not significantly different between these groups. however, c. pneumoniae-specific igg titers were significantly higher in csf of ms than in controls. sixteen out of 52 seropositive ms patients (30.8%) showed intrathecal synthesis of c. pneum ...	2001	11321187
replicate pcr testing and probit analysis for detection and quantitation of chlamydia pneumoniae in clinical specimens.	nucleic acid amplification of clinical specimens with low target concentration has variable sensitivity. we examined whether testing multiple aliquots of extracted dna increased the sensitivity and reproducibility of chlamydia pneumoniae detection by pcr. nested and non-nested c. pneumoniae pcr assays were compared using 10 replicates of 16 serial dilutions of c. pneumoniae atcc vr-1310. the proportion positive versus the c. pneumoniae concentration was modeled by probit regression analysis. to ...	2001	11325993
chlamydia pneumoniae serology: importance of methodology in patients with coronary heart disease and healthy individuals.	most publications on the relationship between infection with chlamydia pneumoniae and coronary heart disease (chd) propose an association, but negative studies are also reported. seroepidemiological studies vary in the use of different serological methods, different cutoff limits, different sampling times in relation to acute cardiac events, and different clinical stages of chd. we wanted to compare three different commercially available methods for measuring chlamydia antibodies to see how the ...	2001	11326004
expression of chlamydia pneumoniae polymorphic membrane protein family genes.	the genome of the obligate intracellular bacterium chlamydia pneumoniae cwl029 encodes a family of 21 proteins with predicted outer membrane localization. these polymorphic membrane proteins (pmps) are heterogeneous in both amino acid sequence and predicted size but are unified by the conserved amino acid motifs ggai and fxxn repeated in the n-terminal half of each protein. reverse transcriptase pcr analysis showed that all pmp genes are transcribed. to determine whether all proteins are express ...	2001	11254597
study of community acquired pneumonia aetiology (scapa) in adults admitted to hospital: implications for management guidelines.	since the last british study of the microbial aetiology of community acquired pneumonia (cap) about 20 years ago, new organisms have been identified (for example, chlamydia pneumoniae), new antibiotics introduced, and fresh advances made in microbiological techniques. pathogens implicated in cap in adults admitted to hospital in the uk using modern and traditional microbiological investigations are described.	2001	11254821
enhanced progression of early carotid atherosclerosis is related to chlamydia pneumoniae (taiwan acute respiratory) seropositivity.	chlamydia pneumoniae (cp) infection has been associated with atherosclerosis and has been proposed as a possible additional cardiovascular risk factor. however, the relationship between cp seropositivity and the progression of early carotid atherosclerosis is not unequivocally clarified.	2001	11245642
chlamydia pneumoniae is associated with graft dysfunction after lung transplantation.		2001	11250270
cardiac allograft vasculopathy in heart transplant recipients: a bacteriosclerosis by chlamydia pneumoniae?		2001	11250340
the genesis of atherosclerosis and risk factors: a review.	atherosclerosis constitutes the most common medical and surgical problem. this can be manifested clinically as stroke, coronary artery disease, or peripheral vascular disease. in the present review the microscopic appearance of the normal arterial wall, the definition of atherosclerosis and the five theories of atherogenesis are described. these are: the lipid theory, the hemodynamic theory, the fibrin incrustation theory, the nonspecific mesenchymal hypothesis and the response to injury hypothe ...	2001	11228092
chlamydia pneumoniae and screening for tubal factor subfertility.	chlamydia antibody testing (cat) by micro-immunofluorescence (mif) tests has been introduced into the fertility work-up as a screening test for tubal factor subfertility. in this study the role of c. pneumoniae antibodies, as a cause for false positive cat results due to cross-reactivity with c. trachomatis antibodies in the mif test, has been evaluated. in 240 subfertile women serological data were compared to laparoscopy findings. the prevalence of c. pneumoniae antibodies using enzyme-linked ...	2001	11228216
current infection with helicobacter pylori, but not seropositivity to chlamydia pneumoniae or cytomegalovirus, is associated with an atherogenic, modified lipid profile.	infectious agents may be involved in atherothrombogenesis. the potential pathogenic pathway, however, remains unclear. we investigated the association between various infectious agents and lipoproteins known to have an atherogenic effect. we recruited 470 healthy blood donors and 238 patients with angiographically proven coronary heart disease (chd), aged 40 to 68 years. seropositivity to chlamydia pneumoniae (cp), chlamydial lipopolysaccharide, and cytomegalovirus (cmv) was determined; infectio ...	2001	11231924
influence of iron restriction on chlamydia pneumoniae and c. trachomatis.	iron is an essential metabolite for pathogenic bacteria, and the specificity exhibited by bacteria for host-iron chelates may be correlated with host and tissue tropism. the effect of iron restriction on chlamydia pneumoniae and c. trachomatis was studied by use of the iron-chelating compound deferoxamine. growth of c. pneumoniae was inhibited much more than that of c. trachomatis and the effect of iron restriction largely depended on the cell line used for propagation. this might reflect differ ...	2001	11232766
search for chlamydia pneumoniae genes and their expression in atherosclerotic plaques of carotid arteries.	samples of atherosclerotic tissue from 58 patients undergoing carotid surgery were analysed by tissue culture and pcr for chlamydia pneumoniae; pcr was performed to detect omp1, 16s rrna and hsp-70 genes. to understand the active pathogenic role of c. pneumoniae, a reverse transcriptase-pcr (rt-pcr) assay was applied to detect the specific rnas expressed either in the replicative form, or in the cryptic form found in chronic infection. the c. pneumoniae omp1 gene, encoding the major outer-membra ...	2001	11232767
demonstration of chlamydia pneumoniae in the adenoid from children with and without secretory otitis media using immunohistochemistry and pcr.	chlamydia pneumoniae has been found in patients with middle ear inflammation. the adenoid, which has a central role in the development of secretory otitis media (som), may act as a reservoir for bacteria causing ear infection. adenoid tissue was examined for the presence of c. pneumoniae. twenty children undergoing adenoidectomy because of hyperplastic adenoids, 10 with som and 10 without som, were examined with nasopharyngeal swabs for routine bacteriological culture, serology for c. pneumoniae ...	2001	11233849
[chlamydia infections in neurology].		2001	11233885
chlamydia pneumoniae in children undergoing adenoidectomy.	chlamydia pneumoniae is a common respiratory pathogen which is often found in paediatric populations. little is known about the true colonization rate and the localization of the bacteria in the respiratory tract. in this study, immunohistochemistry was used to examine adenoids from 69 children undergoing elective adenoidectomy. throat swabs for polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and blood samples for serology were also obtained. chlamydia pneumoniae was demonstrated in the adenoids by immunohistoc ...	2001	11236038
[antibiotic treatment in myocardial infarction?].		2001	11236528
persistent airflow limitation in adult-onset nonatopic asthma is associated with serologic evidence of chlamydia pneumoniae infection.	persistent airflow limitation may develop in patients with asthma, particularly in adults with nonatopic (intrinsic) disease. although the underlying mechanisms are still unknown, respiratory infections might be involved.	2001	11240944
mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae infections in children with pneumonia. mowgli study group.	the most common clinical signs, host responses and radiographic patterns were studied in 203 italian children hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia in order to clarify the role of clinical and radiological characteristics in the diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumoniae and/or chlamydia pneumoniae infections. antibody measurements in paired sera and polymerase chain reaction on nasopharyngeal aspirates were used to establish the diagnoses of acute m. pneumoniae and c. pneumoniae infection, and ...	2001	11334126
emerging concepts in disease management: a role for antimicrobial therapy in coronary artery disease.	coronary artery disease, the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries, is a chronic inflammatory process that develops in response to a variety of injuries. a number of microbial organisms have been implicated in its pathogenesis. the strongest evidence to date for an association between an infectious agent and coronary heart disease is that for chlamydia pneumoniae. evidence implicating other microbial organisms is much less compelling. sero-epidemiological and pathologic ...	2001	11336621
correlation between detection methods of chlamydia pneumoniae in atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic tissues.	polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and immunohistochemistry (ihc) have been used to detect chlamydia (c.) pneumoniae in vascular tissues. discrepancies between the results of these two methods have frequently been reported. however, the correlation between pcr and ihc has not been analyzed yet. this study assesses the correlation between the detection of c. pneumoniae by pcr and ihc in 45 atherosclerotic and 50 non-atherosclerotic tissue specimens. also, the presence of mycoplasma (m.) pneumoniae i ...	2001	11337179
cytomegalovirus seropositivity and serum total cholesterol levels in young patients.	atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of arteries, associated with multiple genetic and environmental factors, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking, modified and elevated ldl cholesterol, elevated plasma homocysteine, and infectious microorganisms such as chlamydia pneumoniae and cytomegalovirus (cmv). cmv has been implicated in atherogenesis by epidemiological studies, animal research, and molecular analyses that have demonstrated cmv nucleic acids within hum ...	2001	11337905
chlamydia pneumoniae and its proposed link to multiple sclerosis: to be or not to be?		2001	11342673
association of chlamydia pneumoniae and multiple sclerosis: stage two?		2001	11342674
chlamydia: conflict and controversy.		2001	11342675
csf oligoclonal bands in ms include antibodies against chlamydophila antigens.	considerable evidence suggests the role of an infectious agent in ms. the presence of chlamydophila pneumoniae in csf from patients with ms was shown earlier; to further examine this association the reactivity of the oligoclonal antibody response in the csf of patients with ms to c pneumoniae antigens was determined and compared with other antigens.	2001	11342681
risk of hospitalization for cardiovascular disease after use of macrolides and penicillins: a comparative prospective cohort study.	chlamydia pneumoniae has been associated with cardiovascular diseases, and c. pneumoniae infection is treatable with macrolides. in this comparative cohort study, 634 users of macrolides and 3827 users of penicillins were identified from the danish health service registry of prescriptions and followed up for an average of 6 months. the patients were then linked to the regional hospital discharge registry to assess the outcome of hospitalization for cardiovascular disease. in the first 3 months, ...	2001	11343211
[evaluation of an atypical clinical presentation for pneumonia caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia sp in children].	mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia sp. frequently cause atypical pneumonia in children. the study aim was the analysis of clinical picture of pneumonia caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia sp. in 278 children treated in the period of 1985-1998 in the iind clinic of pediatrics and gastroenterology, medical academy of wrocław. the influence of etiological factor and age of children for the clinical picture of the disease was estimated. the most characteristic clinical symptom of the atyp ...	2001	11344698
diabetic foot ulcers and chlamydia pneumoniae: innocent bystander or opportunistic pathogen?		2001	11346358
asymptomatic respiratory infection with chlamydia pneumoniae : what does it mean?		2001	11348931
prevalence of asymptomatic infection with chlamydia pneumoniae in subjectively healthy adults.	to investigate the prevalence of asymptomatic infection with chlamydia pneumoniae in subjectively healthy adults.	2001	11348947
[the role of inflammation and infection in acute coronary syndrome].	inflammatory process: within the vessel wall is considered to be crucial for initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. as response to endothelial injury a focal inflammatory response arises which can lead to plaque vulnerability and rupture and a consecutive acute coronary syndrome. systemic markers of inflammation like c-reactive protein (crp) or interleukin (il) 6 are elevated in stable angina and acute coronary syndrome and are associated with future cardiovascular events even in initial ...	2001	11349630
is atherosclerosis an infectious disease?	atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is multifactorial, but several lines of evidence implicate infection as a potential contributing factor. chlamydia pneumoniae has the most compelling data, with helicobacter pylori and cytomegalovirus also implicated. clinical trials of antibiotics to decrease coronary events are underway. until the results are available, however, we advise against prescribing antibiotics for this purpose.	2001	11352325
[the presence of anti-chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies in peripheral vascular and neurological disorders].	to make a retrospective analysis of the synthesis of antibodies to the momps and lps antigens of chlamydia pneumoniae in patients with occlusive disease of the peripheral arteries (odpa) and multiple sclerosis (ms).	2001	11353985
periodontal manifestations of systemic disease.	periodontitis is a chronic bacterial infection of the supporting structures of the teeth. the host response to infection is an important factor in determining the extent and severity of periodontal disease. systemic factors modify periodontitis principally through their effects on the normal immune and inflammatory mechanisms. several conditions may give rise to an increased prevalence, incidence or severity of gingivitis and periodontitis. the effects of a significant number of systemic disease ...	2001	11355236
level of plasma tissue factor pathway inhibitor is inversely correlated with intraarterial diastolic pressure in subjects who underwent coronary angiography.	there are only a few studies of the relationship between hemostatic abnormalities and intraarterial pressure, so the present study investigated the association of various newer lipid and hemostatic variables with intraarterial pressure levels. levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (hdl-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, lipoprotein-(a), remnant-like particle cholesterol, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, uric acid, blood glucose, fibrinogen, free ...	2001	11266189
association of seropositivity for antibody to chlamydia-specific lipopolysaccharide and coronary artery disease in japanese men.	recent studies suggest an association between chlamydia pneumoniae infection and coronary artery disease (cad). to examine this relationship in japanese men, serum iga and igg antibodies to chlamydia-specific lipopolysaccharide were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 507 patients with cad and 200 age-matched controls. cad patients were divided into (1) 269 patients with myocardial infarction (mi) and (2) 238 patients with chronic coronary heart disease (cchd). compared with the con ...	2001	11266192
chlamydia pneumoniae facilitates monocyte adhesion to endothelial and smooth muscle cells.	chlamydia pneumoniae has been linked to atherosclerotic heart disease. however, there is a limited knowledge by which c. pneumoniae gain access to atheromatous lesions. the adhesion of c. pneumoniae -infected circulatory component(s) to endothelium and smooth muscle cells represents the first step in an inflammatory response. we examined the ability of viable as well as heat inactivated c. pneumoniae to infect human monocytes and subsequently the ability of infected monocytes to adhere to human ...	2001	11273740
distribution of chlamydia pneumoniae in the human arterial system and its relation to the local amount of atherosclerosis within the individual.	chlamydia pneumoniae has been suggested to play a role in the origin of atherosclerosis. we studied the prevalence of c pneumoniae at multiple locations in the arterial system within the same individual. studying the association between atherosclerosis and c pneumoniae within the individual excludes confounding by interindividual variability.	2001	11273986
c-reactive protein and chronic chlamydia pneumoniae infection--long-term predictors for cardiovascular disease and survival in patients on peritoneal dialysis.	accelerated arteriosclerosis with cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death in end-stage renal disease patients. increased, levels of c-reactive protein (crp) and evidence of chronic chlamydia pneumoniae infection have been identified as risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the general population. we tested the hypothesis that elevation of crp, indicating chronic inflammation, and positive serum antibody titres for c. pneumoniae are associated with an increased cardiovascular morta ...	2001	11274279
cloning and characterization of adenylate kinase from chlamydia pneumoniae.	chlamydiae proliferate only within the infected host cells and are thought to be "energy parasites," because they take up atp from the host cell as an energy source. in the present study, we isolated from chlamydia pneumoniae the gene encoding adenylate kinase (ak). using the enzyme produced in escherichia coli, its properties were characterized. k(m) values for amp and for adp of the purified c. pneumoniae ak (akcpn) were each 330 microm, which is significantly higher than the reported values o ...	2001	11278507
chlamydia pneumoniae in community-acquired pneumonia.	chlamydia pneumoniae has been established recently as an important human respiratory pathogen. the aim of this study was to define the prevalence of c. pneumoniae in community-acquired pneumonia. we prospectively investigated adult patients who were treated as inpatients and outpatients. acute and convalescent serum samples were obtained from each patient. serological diagnosis of c. pneumoniae infection was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). eighty paired sera were tested ...	2001	11281503
[inflammation and infection in stable coronary disease and acute coronary syndrome].	to study whether inflammation and infection are related to coronary artery disease.	2001	11282050
chlamydial serology: comparative diagnostic value of immunoblotting, microimmunofluorescence test, and immunoassays using different recombinant proteins as antigens.	to improve the reliability of the serodiagnosis of chlamydia trachomatis infections, an immunoblot analysis, a microimmunofluorescence titration, and different immunoassays using synthetic peptides derived from species-specific epitopes in variable domain iv of the major outer membrane protein or recombinant antigens (heat shock protein 70 [hsp70], hsp60, hsp10, polypeptide encoded by open reading frame 3 of the plasmid [pgp3], macrophage infectivity potentiator, and a fragment of the total lipo ...	2001	11283058
presence of chlamydia pneumoniae in human symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid atherosclerotic plaque.	chlamydia pneumoniae has been identified in atherosclerotic plaques of patients with cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease. however, the direct causative effect of c pneumoniae infection in the activation of atherosclerotic plaque to a prothrombotic state remains to be established. the aim of the present study is to examine the correlation between intraplaque presence of chlamydiae and symptomatic carotid disease in humans.	2001	11283382
microbial etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in the adult population of 4 municipalities in eastern finland.	to determine the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in the adult population of a defined area, specific antibody responses in paired serum samples, levels of circulating pneumococcal immune complexes in serum samples, and pneumococcal antigen in urine were measured. samples (304 paired serum samples and 300 acute urine samples) were obtained from 345 patients > or =15 years old with community-acquired, radiologically confirmed pneumonia, which comprised all cases in the population of 4 mun ...	2001	11283803
chlamydia pneumoniae and multiple sclerosis: no significant association.	the cause of multiple sclerosis (ms) is unknown. despite indications from epidemiological and identical-twin studies that ms is infectious, no virus or other infectious agent has been tightly linked to disease. the isolation of chlamydia pneumoniae from the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of ms patients and the detection of both chlamydia-specific dna and antibody in ms csf have been reported. other analyses of brain and csf have shown no significant difference in c. pneumoniae-specific dna or antibod ...	2001	11286864