Publications

the effect of dietary n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio on salmonid alphavirus subtype 1 (sav-1) replication in tissues of experimentally infected rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss).	salmon pancreas disease (spd) is one of the most commercially significant viral diseases of farmed atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in europe. in this study, the potential for dietary mitigation of the disease using different polyunsaturated fatty acid (pufa) profiles was assessed in rainbow trout. we experimentally infected fish with salmonid alphavirus subtype 1 (sav-1), the causative agent of spd. these fish were fed two diets with different n-3/n-6 pufa r ...	2015	25935121
effect of dietary incorporation of a multi-strain probiotic on growth performance and health status in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss).	dietary supplementation with a multi-strain probiotic containing bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecium, pediococcus acidilactici and lactobacillus reuteri has been examined for its effects on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, non-specific immune response and antioxidant status of rainbow trout. three groups of sub-adult trout were stocked into experimental tanks. a commercial diet was used as control, while the other two groups received diets supplemented with the multi-strain probiot ...	2015	25411048
transcriptomic analysis and biomarkers (rag1 and igμ) for probing the immune system development in pacific cod, gadus macrocephalus.	mortality (>90%) is a big concern in larval rearing facilities of pacific cod, gadus macrocephalus, limiting its culture presently still in the experimental stages. understanding the immune system development of g. macrocephalus is crucial to optimize the aquaculture of this species, to improve the use of economic resources and to avoid abuse of antibiotics. for the transcriptome analysis, using an illumina sequencing platform, 61,775,698 raw reads were acquired. after a de novo assembly, 77,561 ...	2015	25842179
the impact of egg ozonation on hatching success, larval growth, and survival of atlantic cod, atlantic salmon, and rainbow trout.	the direct exposure of fish eggs to ozonated water has generated interest as a means of ensuring pathogen-free eggs without the use of harsh chemicals. however, there are numerous knowledge gaps, including safe contact times, exposure levels, and potential long-term effects on aquaculture species in both freshwater and seawater. the effect of different ozone (o3) doses (0.5-1.0, 1.5-2.0, and 2.5-3.0 mg of o3/l for 90 s) on recently fertilized eggs of atlantic cod gadus morhua and eyed eggs of at ...	2015	26306334
recombinant interleukin-1β dilates steelhead trout coronary microvessels: effect of temperature and role of the endothelium, nitric oxide and prostaglandins.	interleukin (il)-1β is associated with hypotension and cardiovascular collapse in mammals during heat stroke, and the mrna expression of this pro-inflammatory cytokine increases dramatically in the blood of atlantic cod (gadus morhua) at high temperatures. these data suggest that release of il-1β at high temperatures negatively impacts fish cardiovascular function and could be a primary determinant of upper thermal tolerance in this taxa. thus, we measured the concentration-dependent response of ...	2015	26026045
acute toxicity assessment of reactive red 120 to certain aquatic organisms.	laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the acute toxicity of a widely used textile dye namely reactive red 120 (rr 120) on certain aquatic species such as pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (green alga), lemna gibba (duck weed), daphnia magna (water flea) and oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout). all experiments were performed as per the oecd guidelines for testing of chemicals. the toxicity end points of ec50, lc50, noec and loec for rr 120 were determined with 95% confidence limits usin ...	2015	26350898
moatox: a comprehensive mode of action and acute aquatic toxicity database for predictive model development.	the mode of toxic action (moa) has been recognized as a key determinant of chemical toxicity and as an alternative to chemical class-based predictive toxicity modeling. however, the development of quantitative structure activity relationship (qsar) and other models has been limited by the availability of comprehensive high quality moa and toxicity databases. the current study developed a dataset of moa assignments for 1213 chemicals that included a diversity of metals, pesticides, and other orga ...	2015	25700118
derivation of water quality criteria of phenanthrene using interspecies correlation estimation models for aquatic life in china.	species sensitivity distribution (ssd) method has been widely used to derive water quality criteria (wqc). however, the toxicity data of some environmental pollutants are not easily accessible, especially for endangered and threatened species. thus, it would be very desirable and economical to predict the toxicity of those species not subjected to toxicity test with the aid of a mathematical model. the interspecies correlation estimation (ice) model (developed by the us environmental protection ...	2015	25608455
acute toxicity of peroxy sulfonated oleic acids (psoa) to freshwater aquatic species and sludge microflora as observed in laboratory environments.	peroxy sulfonated oleic acids (psoa) is a novel surfactant peracid. the commercial applications of psoa result in the chemical primarily being disposed of via industrial waste water effluent. given this manner of disposal, it is important to understand the aquatic hazards of the chemical to better assess the risk posed to aqueous environments. acute aquatic toxicity laboratory experiments were performed to evaluate aquatic hazards and were conducted according to standard oecd test guidelines wit ...	2015	27752422
assessment of the ecotoxicological risk of combined sewer overflows for an aquatic system using a coupled "substance and bioassay" approach.	very few tools are available for assessing the impact of combined sewer overflows (csos) on receiving aquatic environments. the main goal of the study was to assess the ecotoxicological risk of csos for a surface aquatic ecosystem using a coupled "substance and bioassay" approach. wastewater samples from the city of longueuil, canada cso were collected for various rainfall events during one summer season and analyzed for a large panel of substances (n = 116). four bioassays were also conducted o ...	2015	25315929
teleost chemokines and their receptors.	chemokines are a superfamily of cytokines that appeared about 650 million years ago, at the emergence of vertebrates, and are responsible for regulating cell migration under both inflammatory and physiological conditions. the first teleost chemokine gene was reported in rainbow trout in 1998. since then, numerous chemokine genes have been identified in diverse fish species evidencing the great differences that exist among fish and mammalian chemokines, and within the different fish species, as a ...	2015	26569324
identification of barramundi (lates calcarifer) dc-script, a specific molecular marker for dendritic cells in fish.	antigen presentation is a critical step bridging innate immune recognition and specific immune memory. in mammals, the process is orchestrated by dendritic cells (dcs) in the lymphatic system, which initiate clonal proliferation of antigen-specific lymphocytes. however, fish lack a classical lymphatic system and there are currently no cellular markers for dcs in fish, thus antigen-presentation in fish is poorly understood. recently, antigen-presenting cells similar in structure and function to m ...	2015	26173015
a comparative analysis on the in vivo toxicity of copper nanoparticles in three species of freshwater fish.	copper nanoparticles (cunps) are used extensively in a wide range of products and the potential for toxicological impacts in the aquatic environment is of high concern. in this study, the fate and the acute toxicity of spherical 50nm copper nanoparticles was assessed in juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), fathead minnow (pimephales promelas) and zebrafish (danio rerio) for in vivo aqueous exposures following standardized oecd 203 guideline tests. the fate of the cunps in the aqueous me ...	2015	26121603
biological plausibility as a tool to associate analytical data for micropollutants and effect potentials in wastewater, surface water, and sediments with effects in fishes.	discharge of substances like pesticides, pharmaceuticals, flame retardants, and chelating agents in surface waters has increased over the last decades due to the rising numbers of chemicals used by humans and because many wwtps do not eliminate these substances entirely. the study, results of which are presented here, focused on associations of (1) concentrations of micropollutants in wastewater treatment plant (wwtp) effluents, surface waters, sediments, and tissues of fishes; (2) results of la ...	2015	25260601
mediating water temperature increases due to livestock and global change in high elevation meadow streams of the golden trout wilderness.	rising temperatures due to climate change are pushing the thermal limits of many species, but how climate warming interacts with other anthropogenic disturbances such as land use remains poorly understood. to understand the interactive effects of climate warming and livestock grazing on water temperature in three high elevation meadow streams in the golden trout wilderness, california, we measured riparian vegetation and monitored water temperature in three meadow streams between 2008 and 2013, ...	2015	26565706
evidence for the presence of glucosensor mechanisms not dependent on glucokinase in hypothalamus and hindbrain of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss).	we hypothesize that glucosensor mechanisms other than that mediated by glucokinase (gk) operate in hypothalamus and hindbrain of the carnivorous fish species rainbow trout and stress affected them. therefore, we evaluated in these areas changes in parameters which could be related to putative glucosensor mechanisms based on liver x receptor (lxr), mitochondrial activity, sweet taste receptor, and sodium/glucose co-transporter 1 (sglt-1) 6 h after intraperitoneal injection of 5 ml x kg(-1) of sal ...	2015	25996158
ionoregulatory aspects of the osmorespiratory compromise during acute environmental hypoxia in 12 tropical and temperate teleosts.	in the traditional osmorespiratory compromise, as seen in the hypoxia-intolerant freshwater rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), the branchial modifications that occur to improve o2 uptake during hypoxia result in unfavorable increases in the fluxes of ions and water. however, at least one hypoxia-tolerant freshwater species, the amazonian oscar (astronotus ocellatus), shows exactly the opposite: decreased branchial flux rates of ions, water, and nitrogenous wastes during acute hypoxia. in order ...	2015	26052633
benzo(a)pyrene metabolism and erod and gst biotransformation activity in the liver of red- and white-blooded antarctic fish.	climate change and anthropogenic pollution are of increasing concern in remote areas such as antarctica. the evolutionary adaptation of antarctic notothenioid fish to the cold and stable southern ocean led to a low plasticity of their physiological functions, what may limit their capacity to deal with altered temperature regimes and pollution in the antarctic environment. using a biochemical approach, we aimed to assess the hepatic biotransformation capacities of antarctic fish species by determ ...	2015	25965896
modelling inhibition of avian aromatase by azole pesticides.	the potential effects of pesticides and their metabolites on the endocrine system are of major concern to wildlife and human health. in this context, the azole pesticides have earned special attention due to their cytochrome p450 aromatase inhibition potential. cytochrome p450 aromatase (cyp19) catalyses the conversion of androstenedione and testosterone into oestrone and oestradiol, respectively. thus, aromatase modulates the oestrogenic balance essential not only for females, but also for male ...	2015	26535448
transient transfection of cho cells using linear polyethylenimine is a simple and effective means of producing rainbow trout recombinant ifn-γ protein.	a practical method was developed for the transient transfection of chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells with 25 kda linear polyethylenimine (pei) then optimal culture conditions determined for the production of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) ifn-γ recombinant protein. we found that culture temperature had a significant impact upon recombinant protein yield, with best results being obtained at 32 °c. however the amount of serum added to the culture medium had no effect upon recombinant ifn-γ (r ...	2015	24897997
differences in igy gut absorption in gastric rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and agastric common carp (cyprinus carpio) assessed in vivo and in vitro.	oral igy antibodies offer promising potential for passive immunization strategies. to evaluate barriers for successful igy plasma recovery after oral application in vivo, gastric rainbow trout and agastric common carp were comparatively assessed. a positive control that received a low dose of unspecific igy antibodies by intraperitoneal injection (0.0076 mg igy g bw(-1) d(-1); bw=body mass) was compared with an oral administration of 75 and 150 fold in rainbow trout (corresponding to 0.57 and 1. ...	2015	25224559
comparison of plasma and tissue disposition of enrofloxacin in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and common carp (cyprinus carpio) after a single oral administration.	the aim of the study was to investigate the serum and tissue disposition of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and common carp (cyprinus carpio) after a single oral administration at a dose of 10 mg kg(-1). concentrations of enrofloxacin in the serum of rainbow trout showed high variability with two peaks at the third and 24th hour after administration. the highest concentrations were found in the liver. the curves of liver levels showed s ...	2015	25372241
pro-inflammatory caspase-1 activation during the immune response in cells from rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum 1792) challenged with pathogen-associated molecular patterns.	in response to pathogens, the higher vertebrate innate immune system activates pro-inflammatory caspase-1 which is responsible for the processing and secretion of several important cytokines involved in the host's defence against infection. to date, caspase-1 has been described in few teleost fish, and its activity has been demonstrated through substrate cleavage and inhibition by pharmacological agents. in this study, the detection of the active form of caspase-1 during the immune response in s ...	2015	25477241
biological control of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida infection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) using aeromonas phage pas-1.	the potential control efficacy of aeromonas phage pas-1 was evaluated against aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida infection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) model in this study. the phage was co-cultured with the virulent a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida strain as05 that possesses the type iii secretion system (ttss) ascv gene, and efficient bacteriolytic activity was observed against the bacteria. the administration of pas-1 in rainbow trout demonstrated that the phage was cleared f ...	2015	23594036
aeromonas salmonicida infection only moderately regulates expression of factors contributing to toll-like receptor signaling but massively activates the cellular and humoral branches of innate immunity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss).	toll-like receptors (tlrs) are known to detect a defined spectrum of microbial structures. however, the knowledge about the specificity of teleost tlr factors for distinct pathogens is limited so far. we measured baseline expression profiles of 18 tlr genes and associated signaling factors in four immune-relevant tissues of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. intraperitoneal injection of a lethal dose of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida induced highly increased levels of cytokine mrnas du ...	2015	26266270
histopathological findings in farmed rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) naturally infected with 3 different aeromonas species.	this study describes the macroscopic and microscopic lesions in farmed rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) naturally infected with genetically identified aeromonas salmonicida, a. hydrophila, and a. veronii species. the genus aeromonas includes bacteria that naturally inhabit both waterways and organisms. at least 27 aeromonas species have been identified to date, some of which can cause significant economic losses in aquaculture. as up to 68.8% of aeromonas isolates may be misidentified in rout ...	2015	26130859
effect of a phytogenic feed additive on the susceptibility of onchorhynchus mykiss to aeromonas salmonicida.	in recent years, feed additives have increasingly been adopted by the aquaculture industry. these supplements not only offer an alternative to antibiotics but have also been linked to enhanced growth performance. however, the literature is still limited and provides contradictory information on their effectiveness. this is mainly due to the wide variety of available products and their complex mechanisms of action. phytogenic feed additives have been shown to have antimicrobial effects and can im ...	2015	26119300
steelhead trout oncorhynchus mykiss metabolic rate is affected by dietary aloe vera inclusion but not by mounting an immune response against formalin-killed aeromonas salmonicida.	the oxygen consumption (mo2) of two groups of 10° c acclimated steelhead trout oncorhynchus mykiss was measured for 72 h after they were given a 100 µl kg(-1) intraperitoneal injection of formalin-killed aeromonas salmonicida (asal) or phosphate-buffered saline (pbs). in addition, plasma cortisol levels were measured in fish from both groups prior to, and 1 and 3 h after, they were given a 30 s net stress. the first group was fed an unaltered commercial diet for 4 weeks, whereas the second group ...	2015	26010230
transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of splenic immune mechanisms of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) infected by aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida.	furunculosis caused by aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is an epidemic disease among salmonids, including rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). however, the immune mechanisms that are elicited in rainbow trout against the invasion of a. salmonicida are not yet fully understood. in this study, we examined the spleen to investigate the immune response of rainbow trout at 3days post-infection by a. salmonicida at the transcriptome and proteome levels by using illumina-seq and itraq methods, ...	2015	25849251
comparative evaluation of infection methods and environmental factors on challenge success: aeromonas salmonicida infection in vaccinated rainbow trout.	when testing vaccine-induced protection an effective and reliable challenge method is a basic requirement and we here present a comparative study on different challenge methods used for infection of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss with aeromonas salmonicida, a bacterial pathogen eliciting furunculosis. fish were vaccinated with three different adjuvanted trivalent vaccines containing formalin killed a. salmonicida, vibrio anguillarum o1 and o2a. these were 1) the commercial vaccine alpha ject ...	2015	25783001
the adjuvant effect of low frequency ultrasound when applied with an inactivated aeromonas salmonicida vaccine to rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss).	vaccine adjuvants are classified according to their properties of either inducing the persistence of antigens within the animal after immunisation and/or activation of the animal's immune response. the adjuvant effect of low intensity low frequency sonophoresis (lfs) was tested in rainbow trout using an aeromonas salmonicida bacterin vaccine administered by immersion vaccination using lfs at 37 khz. the adjuvant effect obtained with lfs was compared with that of normal immersion or intraperitone ...	2015	25613719
cloning and characterization of the proximal promoter region of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) interleukin-6 gene.	interleukin-6 (il6) is a pleiotropic cytokine with important immunoregulatory functions. its expression is inducible in immune cells and tissues of several fish species. we also found that il6 mrna abundance was significantly increased in spleen, liver, and gill of rainbow trout after experimental infection with aeromonas salmonicida. genomic dna sequences of il6 orthologs from three salmonid species revealed a conserved exon/intron structure and a high overall nucleotide identity of >88%. to un ...	2015	25549935
adverse and long-term protective effects following oil-adjuvanted vaccination against aeromonas salmonicida in rainbow trout.	prophylactic measures against aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, the causative agent of furunculosis, have been an active field of research for decades, with studies mainly focused on atlantic salmon (salmo salar). in the present study we have examined the protective and adverse effects of mineral oil-adjuvanted injection vaccines on rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). a commercial vaccine and an experimental auto vaccine, as well as their respective adjuvant formulations alone were used ...	2015	25281580
topographical mapping of the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) microbiome reveals a diverse bacterial community with antifungal properties in the skin.	the mucosal surfaces of wild and farmed aquatic vertebrates face the threat of many aquatic pathogens, including fungi. these surfaces are colonized by diverse symbiotic bacterial communities that may contribute to fight infection. whereas the gut microbiome of teleosts has been extensively studied using pyrosequencing, this tool has rarely been employed to study the compositions of the bacterial communities present on other teleost mucosal surfaces. here we provide a topographical map of the mu ...	2015	26209676
two virus-induced micrornas known only from teleost fishes are orthologues of micrornas involved in cell cycle control in humans.	micrornas (mirnas) are ~22 base pair-long non-coding rnas which regulate gene expression in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells by binding to specific target regions in mrnas to mediate transcriptional blocking or mrna cleavage. through their fundamental roles in cellular pathways, gene regulation mediated by mirnas has been shown to be involved in almost all biological phenomena, including development, metabolism, cell cycle, tumor formation, and host-pathogen interactions. to address the latter ...	2015	26207374
innate immune and growth promoting responses to caper (capparis spinosa) extract in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss).	cytokine responses, non-specific immune activity and growth promotion effect of dietary caper (capparis spinosa) supplementation were examined in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). rainbow trout (12.04 ± 0.71 g) were fed diets containing three doses of caper methanolic extract [0 (control), 0.1 and 0.5 g kg(-1) of feed] for 30 days. at the end of the feeding trial, expression levels of cytokine genes that included il-1β, il-8, tgf-β, il-12p40, tnf-α1 and il-10 in head kidney was analyzed using ...	2016	27546553
protective effects of the prebiotic on the immunological indicators of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) infected with aeromonas hydrophila.	the aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of dietary administration of commercial prebiotic, immunogen, on immunological indicators, enzymatic responses and stress tolerance in juvenile (81.65 ± 1.49) rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) following aeromonas hydrophila infection. the first group of fish was fed with the diet containing 2 g kg(-1) immunogen whilst the control group received the diet free of immunogen. there were three replicates per group. after 6 weeks feedin ...	2016	27184111
increased stocking density causes changes in expression of selected stress- and immune-related genes, humoral innate immune parameters and stress responses of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss).	the present study investigated the effects of various stocking densities on the health status (stress and immune responses) of rainbow trout (onchorhynchus mykiss). juvenile rainbow trout were acclimated, placed in circular tanks under stocking densities of 10, 40 and 80 kg m(-3) and reared for 30 days. the relative expression of genes involved in stress and immunity such as hsp70, lyzii, tnf-1α, il-1β, il-8 and ifn-γ1 in the head kidney was determined. serum cortisol, acth, total antioxidant ca ...	2016	26549176
piscirickettsia salmonis imbalances the innate immune response to succeed in a productive infection in a salmonid cell line model.	piscirickettsia salmonis is a facultative intracellular bacterium that causes the disease called "salmon rickettsial syndrome". attempts to control this disease have been unsuccessful, because existing vaccines have not achieved the expected effectiveness and the antibiotics used fail to completely eradicate the pathogen. this is in part the product of lack of scientific information that still lacks on the mechanisms used by this bacterium to overcome infected-cell responses and survive to induc ...	2016	27723816
rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) muscle satellite cells are targets of salmonid alphavirus infection.	sleeping disease in rainbow trout is characterized by an abnormal swimming behaviour of the fish which stay on their side at the bottom of the tanks. this sign is due to extensive necrosis and atrophy of red skeletal muscle induced by the sleeping disease virus (sdv), also called salmonid alphavirus 2. infections of humans with arthritogenic alphaviruses, such as chikungunya virus (chikv), are global causes of debilitating musculoskeletal diseases. the mechanisms by which the virus causes these ...	2016	26743565
increasing virulence, but not infectivity, associated with serially emergent virus strains of a fish rhabdovirus.	surveillance and genetic typing of field isolates of a fish rhabdovirus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv), has identified four dominant viral genotypes that were involved in serial viral emergence and displacement events in steelhead trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) in western north america. to investigate drivers of these landscape-scale events, ihnv isolates designated 007, 111, 110, and 139, representing the four relevant genotypes, were compared for virulence and infectivity in cont ...	2016	27774291
puffy skin disease is an emerging transmissible condition in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum.	the transmission of puffy skin disease (psd) to rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum was tested in the laboratory by conducting co-habitation challenges with puffy skin (ps)-affected fish (trojans) collected from the field. two separate challenges were conducted using trojans sourced from two different sites and diploid (first trial) or triploid (second trial) naïve fish. psd-specific clinical signs were observed in both groups of naïve fish, with 66% of the fish sampled during the challeng ...	2016	27391648
symbiont-derived sphingolipids modulate mucosal homeostasis and b cells in teleost fish.	symbiotic bacteria and mucosal immunoglobulins have co-evolved for millions of years in vertebrate animals. symbiotic bacteria products are known to modulate different aspects of the host immune system. we recently reported that flectobacillus major is a predominant species that lives in the gill and skin mucosal surfaces of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). f. major is known to produce sphingolipids of a unique molecular structure. here we propose a role for f. major and its sphingolipids in ...	2016	27966609
expression and antimicrobial activity of c-type lysozyme in taimen (hucho taimen, pallas).	lysozymes are important defense proteins of the innate immune system and possess high antibacterial activities. in the present study, a full-length c-type lysozyme cdna (htlysc) was cloned and characterized from taimen (hucho taimen, pallas). the cdna contains an open reading frame (orf) of 432 bp encoding 143 amino acid (aa), with 97% identity to lysc of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the amino acid sequence possessed a lyz1 domain (16-140 aa) which contained two conserved residues (glu 5 ...	2016	27267655
cross talk between growth and immunity: coupling of the igf axis to conserved cytokine pathways in rainbow trout.	although disease and infection is associated with attenuated growth, the molecular pathways involved are poorly characterized. we postulated that the igf axis, a central governor of vertebrate growth, is repressed during infection to promote resource reallocation towards immunity. this hypothesis was tested in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) challenged by aeromonas salmonicida (as), a gram-negative bacterial pathogen, or viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) at hatch, first feeding, and ...	2016	27035654
antigens of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida specifically induced in vivo in oncorhynchus mykiss.		2016	26661507
high concentration of red clay as an alternative for antibiotics in aquaculture.	the use of antibiotics in aquaculture raises environmental and food safety concerns because chronic exposure of an aquatic ecosystem to antibiotics can result in the spread of antibiotic resistance, bioaccumulation of antibiotics in the organisms, and transfer of antibiotics to humans. in an attempt to overcome these problems, high-concentration red clay was applied as an alternative antibiotic against the following common fish pathogens: aeromonas salmonicida, vibrio alginolyticus, and streptoc ...	2016	26528535
protein profile of seminal plasma and functionality of spermatozoa during the reproductive season in the common carp (cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss).	the purpose of the study was to analyze seminal plasma composition, sperm production, and sperm motility over the course of the spawning season in the common carp (cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the highest mean percent of motile sperm (carp, 98.3 ± 1.6%; rainbow trout, 92.8 ± 5.6%) and highest spermatozoon velocity (carp, 286.3 ± 7.8 μm sec(-1) ; rainbow trout, 245.3 ± 8.3 μm sec(-1) ) were observed in the middle phase of the spawning period, at 5 sec post-activation. ...	2016	27641056
phase i metabolism of 3-methylindole, an environmental pollutant, by hepatic microsomes from carp (cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss).	we studied the in vitro metabolism of 3-methylindole (3mi) in hepatic microsomes from fish. hepatic microsomes from juvenile and adult carp (cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) were included in the study. incubation of 3mi with hepatic microsomes revealed the time-dependent formation of two major metabolites, 3-methyloxindole (3moi) and indole-3-carbinol (i3c). the rate of 3moi production was similar in both species at both ages. no differences in kinetic parameters were obs ...	2016	26915592
aquatic hazard, bioaccumulation and screening risk assessment for ammonium 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)-propanoate.	the fluoropolymer manufacturing industry is moving to alternative polymerization processing aid technologies with more favorable toxicological and environmental profiles as part of a commitment to curtail the use of long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (pfaas). to facilitate the environmental product stewardship assessment and premanufacture notification (pmn) process for a candidate replacement chemical, we conducted acute and chronic aquatic toxicity tests to evaluate the toxicity of ammonium 2,3,3 ...	2016	26874062
muscle wound healing in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss).	we followed the progression of healing of deep excisional biopsy punch wounds over the course of 365 days in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) by monitoring visual wound healing and gene expression in the healing muscle at regular intervals (1, 3, 7, 14, 38 and 100 days post-wounding). in addition, we performed muscle texture analysis one year after wound infliction. the selected genes have all previously been investigated in relation to vertebrate wound healing, but only few specifically in f ...	2016	26702558
trace elements in farmed fish (cyprinus carpio, ctenopharyngodon idella and oncorhynchus mykiss) from beijing: implication from feed.	concentrations of 30 trace elements, li, v, cr, mn, fe, ni, cu, mo, zn, se, sr, co, al, ti, as, cs, sc, te, ba, ga, pb, sn, cd, sb, ag, tm, ti, be, hg and u in major cultured freshwater fish species (common carp-cyprinus carpio, grass carp-ctenopharyngodon idella and rainbow trout-oncorhynchus mykiss) with the corresponding feed from 23 fish farms in beijing, china, were investigated. the results revealed that fe, zn, cu, mn, sr, se were the major accumulated essential elements and al, ti were t ...	2016	26892032
sequence and expression analysis of interferon regulatory factor 10 (irf10) in three diverse teleost fish reveals its role in antiviral defense.	interferon regulatory factor (irf) 10 was first found in birds and is present in the genome of other tetrapods (but not humans and mice), as well as in teleost fish. the functional role of irf10 in vertebrate immunity is relatively unknown compared to irf1-9. the target of this research was to clone and characterize the irf10 genes in three economically important fish species that will facilitate future evaluation of this molecule in fish innate and adaptive immunity.	2016	26783745
potassium ions in extender differentially influence the post-thaw sperm motility of salmonid fish.	potassium ions are known to have an inhibitory effect on the sperm motility of salmonids. for this reason, the addition of k(+) to the extender is frequently applied. however, the effect of the addition of k(+) to the extender has not yet been tested. the aim of this study was to test the influence of potassium ion supplementation of the extender on the sperm motility parameters from five salmonidae species (rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), sex-reversed female rainbow trout, whitefish (coreg ...	2016	27404573
handling and storage procedures have variable effects on fatty acid content in fishes with different lipid quantities.	it is commonly assumed that the most accurate data on fatty acid (fa) contents are obtained when samples are analyzed immediately after collection. for logistical reasons, however, this is not always feasible and samples are often kept on ice or frozen at various temperatures and for diverse time periods. we quantified temporal changes of selected fa (μg fame per mg tissue dry weight) from 6 fish species subjected to 2 handling and 3 storage methods and compared them to fa contents from muscle t ...	2016	27479304
occurrence of intersex in wild freshwater fish in slovenian rivers: a histological evaluation.	the aim of this preliminary research was to establish if there are intersex occurrences in wild freshwater fish in slovenian rivers and streams. in the first study we evaluated all fish species of both sexes obtained from the river ljubljanica from its source to mouth. in the second study we focused on the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (salmo trutta m. fario) males from 30 rivers and streams in different parts of slovenia. the male gonads were histologically assessed for th ...	2016	27749265
the effects of chronic hypoxia on the acute adrenergic stress response in the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss).	we have investigated the effects of chronic hypoxia on the acute adrenergic stress response of adult rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the goal of this study was to determine whether a prior 5-d exposure of fish to lowered environmental oxygen levels (60 or 80 torr) would influence the nature of catecholamine secretion from chromaffin tissue in situ. using a saline-perfused posterior cardinal vein preparation, it was demonstrated that the basal (unstimulated) secretion of noradrenaline and ad ...	2016	9678498
silver nanoparticles inhibit fish gill cell proliferation in protein-free culture medium.	while short-term exposures of vertebrate cells, such as from fish, can be performed in defined, serum-free media, long-term cultures generally require addition of growth factors and proteins, normally supplied with a serum supplement. however, proteins are known to alter nanoparticle properties by binding to nanoparticles. therefore, in order to be able to study nanoparticle-cell interactions for extended periods, the rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) gill cell line, rtgill-w1, was adapted to ...	2016	27030289
comparative environmental impact assessment of herbicides used on genetically modified and non-genetically modified herbicide-tolerant canola crops using two risk indicators.	canola (brassica napus l.) is the third largest field crop in australia by area sown. genetically modified (gm) and non-gm canola varieties released or being developed in australia include clearfield® (imidazolinone tolerant), tt (triazine tolerant), invigor® (glufosinate-ammonium tolerant), roundup ready® - rr® (glyphosate tolerant) and hyola® rt® (tolerant to both glyphosate and triazine). we used two risk assessment approaches - the environmental impact quotient (eiq) and the pesticide impact ...	2016	27039064
an interlaboratory comparison of nanosilver characterisation and hazard identification: harmonising techniques for high quality data.	within the fp7 eu project nanovalid a consortium of six partners jointly investigated the hazard of silver nanoparticles (agnps) paying special attention to methodical aspects that are important for providing high-quality ecotoxicity data. laboratories were supplied with the same original stock dispersion of agnps. all partners applied a harmonised procedure for storage and preparation of toxicity test suspensions. altogether ten different toxicity assays with a range of environmentally relevant ...	2016	26638016
ecotoxicity interspecies qaar models from daphnia toxicity of pharmaceuticals and personal care products.	pharmaceutical and personal care products (ppcps) became a class of contaminants of emerging concern because are ubiquitously detected in surface water and soil, where they can affect wildlife. ecotoxicological data are only available for a few ppcps, thus modelling approaches are essential tools to maximize the information contained in the existing data. in silico methods may be helpful in filling data gaps for the toxicity of ppcps towards various ecological indicator organisms. the good corre ...	2016	27775436
ecotoxicological analysis during the removal of carbofuran in fungal bioaugmented matrices.	biomixtures are used for the removal of pesticides from agricultural wastewater. as biomixtures employ high content of lignocellulosic substrates, their bioaugmentation with ligninolytic fungi represents a novel approach for their enhancement. nonetheless, the decrease in the concentration of the pesticide may result in sublethal concentrations that still affect ecosystems. two matrices, a microcosm of rice husk (lignocellulosic substrate) bioaugmented with the fungus trametes versicolor and a b ...	2016	26421626
assessing variability in chemical acute toxicity of unionid mussels: influence of intra- and interlaboratory testing, life stage, and species.	the authors developed a toxicity database for unionid mussels to examine the extent of intra- and interlaboratory variability in acute toxicity tests with mussel larvae (glochidia) and juveniles; the extent of differential sensitivity of the 2 life stages; and the variation in sensitivity among commonly tested mussels (lampsilis siliquoidea, utterbackia imbecillis, and villosa iris), commonly tested cladocerans (daphnia magna and ceriodaphnia dubia), and fish (oncorhynchus mykiss, pimephales pro ...	2016	26369904
isolation, characterization and virulence potential of tenacibaculum dicentrarchi in salmonid cultures in chile.	in this study, we isolated, identified and characterized isolates of tenacibaculum dicentrarchi in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) farmed in chile for the first time. in 2010 and 2014, mortalities were observed in atlantic salmon (average weight 25-30 and 480-520 g, respectively) at an aquaculture centre in puerto montt, chile. severe tail rots, frayed fins and, in some cases, damaged gills were detected. wet smear analyses of these lesions revealed a high occurrence of gram-negative, filamentous ...	2016	26749435
infected donor biomass and active feeding increase waterborne transmission of ichthyophonus sp. to rainbow trout sentinels.	the precise nature of ichthyophonus sp. transmission among wild fishes has eluded description for over a century. transmission among piscivores is direct, via ingestion of infected prey, but there is also evidence for waterborne transmission between infected and uninfected individuals. transmission among planktivores is believed to be via a waterborne infectious cell, but definitive proof of this mechanism has not been forthcoming. to explore possible mechanisms of transmission we used rainbow t ...	2016	27195430
new species of plagioporus stafford, 1904 (digenea: opecoelidae) from california, with an amendment of the genus and a phylogeny of freshwater plagioporines of the holarctic.	plagioporus hageli n. sp. is described from the intestine of oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) collected from the river yuba, california, usa. of the accepted, nominal species of plagioporus stafford, 1904 from the nearctic, the new species is morphologically similar to three intestinal species from the western usa parasitising diadromous fishes, including plagioporus shawi (mcintosh, 1939), plagioporus kolipinskii tracey, choudhury, cheng & ghosh, 2009 and plagioporus siliculus sinitsin, 1931, and ...	2016	27638729
cardiovascular effects of adrenomedullin in teleost fishes.	adrenomedullin is a fifty-two-amino acid polypeptide that was first discovered in pheochromocytoma cells, and later in the normal adrenal medullae, lungs, kidneys, and blood. in mammals, adrenomedullin has vasodepressive effects, mainly by decreasing peripheral vascular resistance. i investigated the effects of adrenomedullin in fish to see if this novel neuropeptide would have an effect in lower vertebrates, or if its actions were limited to the higher vertebrates. bolus injections of adrenomed ...	2016	8728851
a dna vaccine encoding the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus genotype ivb glycoprotein confers protection in muskellunge (esox masquinongy), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), brown trout (salmo trutta), and lake trout (salvelinus namaycush).	the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) is one of the most serious fish pathogens. in 2003, a novel sublineage (genotype ivb) of this deadly virus emerged in the great lakes basin causing serious fish kills. we have previously demonstrated that a dna plasmid (pcdna), containing a cytomegalovirus (cmv) promoter and the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) genotype ivb glycoprotein (g) gene insert (designated pvhsivb-g) confers moderate protection in muskellunge (esox masquinongy), a hi ...	2016	27912771
host infection history modifies co-infection success of multiple parasite genotypes.	co-infections by multiple parasite genotypes are common and have important implications for host-parasite ecology and evolution through within-host interactions. typically, these infections take place sequentially, and therefore, the outcome of co-infection may be shaped by host immune responses triggered by previous infections. for example, in vertebrates, specific immune responses play a central role in protection against disease over the course of life, but co-infection research has mostly fo ...	2016	26589834
host-derived probiotics enterococcus casseliflavus improves resistance against streptococcus iniae infection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) via immunomodulation.	the present study evaluated the benefits of dietary administration of host-derived candidate probiotics enterococcus casseliflavus in juvenile rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. experimental diets were prepared by incorporating the microorganisms in the basal feed at 3 inclusion levels (i.e. 10(7) cfu g(-1) of feed [t1], 10(8) cfu g(-1) of feed [t2], 10(9) cfu g(-1) of feed [t3]). the probiotic feeds were administered for 8 weeks, with a group fed with the basal diet serving as control. the effe ...	2016	26997202
susceptibility of australian redfin perch perca fluviatilis experimentally challenged with epizootic hematopoietic necrosis virus (ehnv).	the ranavirus epizootic hematopoietic necrosis virus (ehnv) is endemic to australia and is listed by the office international des epizooties. clinical outbreaks have only been observed in wild populations of redfin perch perca fluviatilis (also known as eurasian perch) and farmed populations of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. the initial outbreaks of ehnv describe all age-classes of redfin perch as being susceptible and can lead to epidemic fish kills. subsequently, experimental challenge stu ...	2016	27229663
genomic organization, expression and antimicrobial activity of a hepcidin from taimen (hucho taimen, pallas).	hepcidin, an antimicrobial peptide, plays a crucial role in innate immune system of teleost fish. as a cysteine-rich peptide, hepcidin possesses a dual function including iron regulation and innate immunity. in the present study, a full-length hepcidin cdna (hthep) was cloned and characterized by rt-pcr and race techniques from taimen (hucho taimen, pallas), which is a type of rare, precious and cold-water fish species in china. the cdna contains an open reading frame (orf) of 267 bp encoding 88 ...	2016	27452973
high nutrient concentration can induce virulence factor expression and cause higher virulence in an environmentally transmitted pathogen.	environmentally transmitted opportunistic pathogens shuttle between two substantially different environments: outside-host and within-host habitats. these environments differ from each other especially with respect to nutrient availability. consequently, the pathogens are required to regulate their behavior in response to environmental cues in order to survive, but how nutrients control the virulence in opportunistic pathogens is still poorly understood. in this study, we examined how nutrient l ...	2016	27193154
virulence of flavobacterium columnare genomovars in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss.	flavobacterium columnare is the causative agent of columnaris disease and is responsible for significant economic losses in aquaculture. f. columnare is a gram-negative bacterium, and 5 genetic types or genomovars have been described based on restriction fragment length polymorphism of the 16s rrna gene. previous research has suggested that genomovar ii isolates are more virulent than genomovar i isolates to multiple species of fish, including rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. in addition, impr ...	2016	27503917
proinflammatory cytokine and cytokine receptor gene expression kinetics following challenge with flavobacterium psychrophilum in resistant and susceptible lines of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss).	flavobacterium psychrophilum (fp) is the causative agent of bacterial cold water disease (bcwd) which causes appreciable economic losses in rainbow trout aquaculture. we previously reported development of a genetic line, designated ars-fp-r that exhibits higher survival relative to a susceptible line, designated ars-fp-s, following either laboratory or natural on-farm challenge. the objectives of this study were to determine the temporal kinetics of gene expression between experimentally-challen ...	2016	27693200
genetic diversity of flavobacterium psychrophilum isolates from three oncorhynchus spp. in the united states, as revealed by multilocus sequence typing.	the use of a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) technique has identified the intraspecific genetic diversity of u.s. flavobacterium psychrophilum, an important pathogen of salmonids worldwide. prior to this analysis, little u.s. f. psychrophilum genetic information was known; this is of importance when considering targeted control strategies, including vaccine development. herein, mlst was used to investigate the genetic diversity of 96 f. psychrophilum isolates recovered from rainbow trout (onco ...	2016	27016570
case report: strawberry disease in farmed chilean rainbow trout.	strawberry disease is a chronic, nonlethal skin condition that affects rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss in the united states and several european countries, where it is also known as red-mark syndrome. we provide the first identification and characterization of three strawberry disease outbreaks occurring at two aquaculture farms in southern chile. clinically affected fish weighing an average of 400 g presented multiple bright-red, usually raised, skin lesions on the flank, ventral surface, and ...	2016	26913369
microencapsulation of a putative probiotic enterobacter species, c6-6, to protect rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), against bacterial coldwater disease.	flavobacterium psychrophilum is the causative agent of bacterial coldwater disease (bcwd), which has a major impact on salmonid aquaculture globally. an enterobacter species, c6-6, isolated from the gut of rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), has been identified as a potential probiotic species providing protection against bcwd. this study examined the effects of alginate microencapsulation on the protective efficacy of c6-6 against bcwd in vivo when administered to rainbow trout fry or ...	2016	25272249
immunostimulatory effect of salmon prolactin on expression of toll-like receptors in oncorhynchus mykiss infected with piscirickettsia salmonis.	in aquaculture, antibiotics are the traditional treatment used against bacterial infections. however, their use has increasingly come into question given their effects on fish and, possibly, on human health. consequently, there is interest in developing alternative treatments aimed at stimulating the innate immune response of fish, which is the first line of defense against pathogens. in relation to this, the toll-like receptors (tlr) aid in the selective identification of pathogens. the present ...	2016	26537800
characterization of pediococcus acidilactici strains isolated from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) feed and larvae: safety, dna fingerprinting, and bacteriocinogenicity.	the use of lactic acid bacteria (lab) as probiotics constitutes an alternative or complementary strategy to chemotherapy and vaccination for disease control in aquaculture. the objectives of this work were (1) the in vitro safety assessment of 8 pediococcus acidilactici strains isolated from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss, walbaum) feed and larvae; (2) the evaluation of their genetic relatedness; (3) the study of their antimicrobial/bacteriocin activity against fish pathogens; and (4) the bi ...	2016	27137071
recombinant scfv antibodies against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus isolated by flow cytometry.	infectious pancreatic necrosis is a significant disease of farmed salmonids in china. in this study, a single chain variable fragment (scfv) antibody library derived from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and viral protein vp2 of a chinese infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) isolate chrtm213 were co-expressed by a bacterial display technology. the library was subjected to three rounds of screening by flow cytometry (fcm) to select ipnv specific antibodies. six antibody clones with diff ...	2016	27678027
distribution of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) based on surveillance programs in freshwater trout farms of mexico.	diagnostic testing was performed between 2000 and 2012 to determine the distribution of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) in the main states of the mexican republic with freshwater rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum) farms. this virus was positively identified from rainbow trout farms in seven of the eight states assessed. due to nonnormal data distribution, a logistic regression model was applied for statistical analysis, the results of which indicated that virus prevalence wa ...	2016	26918368
occurrence and morphogenetic characteristics of gyrodactylus (monogenea: gyrodactylidae) from a rainbow trout farm (lake ladoga, russia).	gyrodactylus parasite infected juveniles on rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum, 1792) from a fish farm in lake ladoga were investigated. the observed cases of infection in fish featured a high prevalence, when almost all of the fish were infected. however, if an outbreak of the monogenean infection is observed in spring, the intensity of the infection may be low, and when the infection occurs in the ice-covered period (late autumn - winter), the number of parasites on the fins of a singl ...	2016	26751886
infections with gyrodactylus spp. (monogenea) in romanian fish farms: gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957 extends its range.	the salmon parasite gyrodactylus salaris malmberg, 1957 has caused high mortalities in many atlantic salmon, salmo salar, populations, mainly in norway. the parasite is also present in several countries across mainland europe, principally on rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, where infections do not seem to result in mortalities. there are still european countries where there are potential salmonid hosts for g. salaris but where the occurrence of g. salaris is unknown, mainly due to lack of inv ...	2016	27515781
fish viruses make dsrna in fish cells: characterization of dsrna production in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) cells infected with viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus, chum salmon reovirus and frog virus 3.		2016	26775727
spatial distribution of gyrodactylus salmonis (monogenea) on the body of captive fingerling oncorhynchus mykiss, including attachment within the olfactory chamber.	gyrodactylus salmonis is a common ectoparasite on the fins and body of north american salmonids in fresh water. in this study, the spatial distribution of g. salmonis on 60 captive hatchery-reared rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss , is reported. the highest parasite densities occurred on 5 × 5-mm(2) sections of the dorsal fin followed by the trunk, other fins, and the olfactory chamber, with the lowest densities on the head. the finding of infections within the olfactory chamber of 93% of the f ...	2016	26786588
detection of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus from the leeches hemiclepsis marginata and hirudo medicinalis.	leeches have been reported to harbor several important fish pathogens, including spring viremia of carp virus, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv), and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv), and also may contain blood protozoa. in the present study, leeches were collected from water bodies located in kurdistan province, iran. the specimens were tested for ihnv, vhsv, and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) using the pcr method. the results showed that two different species ...	2016	27687675
epidemiological characteristics of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv): a review.	infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv, rhabdoviridae), is the causative agent of infectious hematopoietic necrosis (ihn), a disease notifiable to the world organisation for animal health, and various countries and trading areas (including the european union). ihnv is an economically important pathogen causing clinical disease and mortalities in a wide variety of salmonid species, including the main salmonid species produced in aquaculture, atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and rainbow trout ...	2016	27287024
an attenuated virus vaccine appears safe to the central nervous system of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) after intranasal delivery.	nasal vaccines are very effective but the olfactory organ provides direct access of antigens to the brain. infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) is known to cause high mortalities in salmonids. the purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety of a live attenuated ihnv nasal (i.n) vaccine in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). in the olfactory organ, the vaccine was detected 1 and 4 days after primary i.n vaccination but not in the intramuscular (i.m) or control groups. in the brain, ...	2016	26772477
first evidence of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) in the netherlands.	in spring 2008, infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) was detected for the first time in the netherlands. the virus was isolated from rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), from a put-and-take fishery with angling ponds. ihnv is the causative agent of a serious fish disease, infectious hematopoietic necrosis (ihn). from 2008 to 2011, we diagnosed eight ihnv infections in rainbow trout originating from six put-and-take fisheries (symptomatic and asymptomatic fish), and four ihnv i ...	2016	26763082
characterization of infectious dose and lethal dose of two strains of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv).	the ability to infect a host is a key trait of a virus, and differences in infectivity could put one virus at an evolutionary advantage over another. in this study we have quantified the infectivity of two strains of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) that are known to differ in fitness and virulence. by exposing juvenile rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) hosts to a wide range of virus doses, we were able to calculate the infectious dose in terms of id50 values for the two genotype ...	2016	26752429
phylogenetic relationships of iranian infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) based on the glycoprotein gene.	infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv), a member of family rhabdoviridae and genus novirhabdoviridae, causes a highly lethal disease of salmon and trout. in iran ihnv was first detected in 2001 on farms rearing rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). to evaluate the genetic relationships of ihnv from northern and western iran, the sequences of a 651-nt region of the glycoprotein gene were determined for two iranian isolates. these sequences were analyzed to evaluate their genetic relatednes ...	2016	26602428
cross-species comparison of relative potencies and relative sensitivities of fishes to dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and polychlorinated biphenyls in vitro.	dioxin-like compounds of varying toxicities are found in complex mixtures. the toxic equivalency factor (tef) approach was developed based on the potency of a dioxin-like compound relative to the potency of 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) to streamline risk assessment. one limitation of the tef approach is uncertainty regarding differences in the relative potency of dioxin-like compounds among different species. relative potencies among fishes are limited, relative to relative potenc ...	2016	26202062
investigation of mucus obtained from different fish species on the acute pain induced with scalpel incision in paw of rats.	no comparative study could be found for the analgesic activity of mucuses from the oncorhynchus mykiss (om), salvelinus fontinalis (sf), salmo coruhensis (sc), acipenser gueldenstaedtii (ag), and acipenser baerii (ab) fish species in the literature. we aimed to investigate the effects of mucuses obtained from the abovementioned fish species on scalpel incision-induced pain in the rat paw and to examine the role of oxidant/antioxidant parameters and cox-2 gene expression in the analgesic activiti ...	2016	26490740
isolation and functional characterisation of a fads2 in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) with δ5 desaturase activity.	rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, are intensively cultured globally. understanding their requirement for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (lc-pufa) and the biochemistry of the enzymes and biosynthetic pathways required for fatty acid synthesis is important and highly relevant in current aquaculture. most gnathostome vertebrates have two fatty acid desaturase (fads) genes with known functions in lc-pufa biosynthesis and termed fads1 and fads2. however, teleost fish have exclusively fads2 ...	2016	26943160
proteomic analysis of muscle tissue from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fed dietary β-glucan.	the aim of this study was to examine the changes in muscle proteome of the rainbow trout fed dietary β-glucan. the experimental diets contained 0 (control), 0.1% and 0.2% β-1,3/1,6 yeast glucan. first, feeding larvae were fed to apparent satiation nine times per day with their respective diets over two months. the percentage of body weight gain and feed efficiency of fish fed 0.2% diet was significantly higher than those of fish fed the control and 0.1% diets. fish fed the control and 0.2% diets ...	2016	27822248
comparative analysis of innate immune responses to streptococcus phocae strains in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss).	streptococcus phocae subsp. salmonis is a gram-positive bacterium that causes mortality only in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) farmed in chile, even when this species is co-cultured with rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). this susceptibility could be determined by innate immune response components and their responses to bacterial infection. this fish pathogen shares subspecies status with streptococcus phocae subsp. phocae isolated from seals. the present study compared innate immune system mec ...	2016	26876354
first description of clinical presentation of piscine orthoreovirus (prv) infections in salmonid aquaculture in chile and identification of a second genotype (genotype ii) of prv.	heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (hsmi) is an emerging disease of marine-farmed atlantic salmon salmo salar, first recognized in 1999 in norway, and recently associated with piscine orthoreovirus (prv) infection. to date, hsmi lesions with presence of prv have only been described in marine-farmed atlantic salmon in norway. a new hsmi-like disease in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss associated with a prv-related virus has also been reported in norway.	2016	27296722
survival behaviour and virulence of the fish pathogen vibrio ordalii in seawater microcosms.	vibrio ordalii, the causative agent of atypical vibriosis, is a gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped bacterium that severely affects the salmonid aquaculture industry. v. ordalii has been biochemically, antigenically and genetically characterized. however, studies on the survival behaviour of this bacterium in aquatic environments are scarce, and there is no information regarding its disease transmission and infectious abilities outside of the fish host or regarding water as a possible reservoir. t ...	2016	27304868
corrigendum to "in vivo virulence of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss correlates inversely with in vitro mx gene expression" [vet. microbiol. 187 (2016) 31-40].		2016	27771070