Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| a mosquito 2-cys peroxiredoxin protects against nitrosative and oxidative stresses associated with malaria parasite infection. | malaria parasite infection in anopheline mosquitoes induces nitrosative and oxidative stresses that limit parasite development, but also damage mosquito tissues in proximity to the response. based on these observations, we proposed that cellular defenses in the mosquito may be induced to minimize self-damage. specifically, we hypothesized that peroxiredoxins (prxs), enzymes known to detoxify reactive oxygen species (ros) and reactive nitrogen oxide species (rnos), protect mosquito cells. we iden ... | 2006 | 16540402 |
| onchocerca parasites and wolbachia endosymbionts: evaluation of a spectrum of antibiotic types for activity against onchocerca gutturosa in vitro. | the filarial parasites of major importance in humans contain the symbiotic bacterium wolbachia and recent studies have shown that targeting of these bacteria with antibiotics results in a reduction in worm viability, development, embryogenesis, and survival. doxycycline has been effective in human trials, but there is a need to develop drugs that can be given for shorter periods and to pregnant women and children. the world health organisation-approved assay to screen for anti-filarial activity ... | 2006 | 16563157 |
| mode of action of a novel nonchemical method of insect control: atmospheric pressure plasma discharge. | atmospheric pressure plasma discharge (appd) has been applied to a number of industrial applications, including the bacterial sterilization of medical equipment of bacteria. appd may also have applications in insect control. a positive correlation was found between exposure time to appd and mortality of western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande); tobacco thrips, frankliniella fusca (hinds); asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus (skuse); twospotted spider mite, tetranychus urti ... | 2006 | 16573321 |
| intestinal expression of h+ v-atpase in the mosquito aedes albopictus is tightly associated with gregarine infection. | vacuolar atpase (v-atpase) is a family of atp-dependent proton pumps expressed on the plasma membrane and endomembranes of eukaryotic cells. acidification of intracellular compartments, such as lysosomes, endosomes, and parasitophorous vacuoles, mediated by v-atpase is essential for the entry by many enveloped viruses and invasion into or escape from host cells by intracellular parasites. in mosquito larvae, v-atpase plays a role in regulating alkalization of the anterior midgut. we extracted rn ... | 2006 | 16579815 |
| isolation, pure culture, and characterization of "candidatus arsenophonus arthropodicus," an intracellular secondary endosymbiont from the hippoboscid louse fly pseudolynchia canariensis. | members of the genus arsenophonus comprise a large group of bacterial endosymbionts that are widely distributed in arthropods of medical, veterinary, and agricultural importance. at present, little is known about the role of these bacteria in arthropods, because few representatives have been isolated and cultured in the laboratory. in the current study, we describe the isolation and pure culture of an arsenophonus endosymbiont from the hippoboscid louse fly pseudolynchia canariensis. we propose ... | 2006 | 16598007 |
| global traffic and disease vector dispersal. | the expansion of global air travel and seaborne trade overcomes geographic barriers to insect disease vectors, enabling them to move great distances in short periods of time. here we apply a coupled human-environment framework to describe the historical spread of aedes albopictus, a competent mosquito vector of 22 arboviruses in the laboratory. we contrast this dispersal with the relatively unchanged distribution of anopheles gambiae and examine possible future movements of this malaria vector. ... | 2006 | 16606847 |
| superior reproductive success on human blood without sugar is not limited to highly anthropophilic mosquito species. | anthropophilic mosquitoes such as aedes aegypti l. (diptera: culicidae) have been shown to have superior reproductive success on human blood when sugar is not available. life-table experiments were conducted with aedes albopictus skuse and ae. aegypti to compare the effects of sugar availability on age-specific survivorship, lifetime and daily fecundity, and blood-feeding frequency when offered human blood daily. there were no significant interactions between the effects of sugar availability an ... | 2006 | 16608490 |
| first record and establishment of the mosquito aedes albopictus in spain. | the invasive mosquito aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (skuse) (diptera: culicidae) was detected for the first time in spain, in sant cugat del vallès, a city in the north-east of the country (41 degrees 28' n, 2 degrees 4' e, altitude 120 m), during august 2004. a male and one larva were collected in the backyard of a house and in a tree hole, respectively. dense populations of adults and larvae were found in subsequent surveys, confirming the establishment of the species in the area. this is the f ... | 2006 | 16608499 |
| mutations in the endodomain of sindbis virus glycoprotein e2 define sequences critical for virus assembly. | envelopment of sindbis virus at the plasma membrane is a multistep process in which an initial step is the association of the e2 protein via a cytoplasmic endodomain with the preassembled nucleocapsid. sindbis virus is vectored in nature by blood-sucking insects and grows efficiently in a number of avian and mammalian vertebrate hosts. the assembly of sindbis virus, therefore, must occur in two very different host cell environments. mammalian cells contain cholesterol which insect membranes lack ... | 2006 | 16611906 |
| wolbachia infection suppresses both host defence and parasitoid counter-defence. | endosymbiotic bacteria in the genus wolbachia have been linked to several types of reproductive parasitism, which enhance their own transmission, while their direct effects on the host vary from beneficial to neutral or detrimental. here, we report negative effects of infection on immunity-related traits of drosophila simulans and the parasitoid wasp leptopilina heterotoma. infected d. simulans showed a reduced ability to encapsulate parasitoid eggs, compared to a tetracycline-treated, bacterium ... | 2006 | 16618671 |
| characteristics of grass infusions as oviposition attractants to aedes (stegomyia) (diptera: culicidae). | ovitraps baited with grass infusions were evaluated in the field as oviposition attractants or stimulants for aedes (stegomyia) mosquitoes. significantly higher oviposition by aedes aegypti (l.) was observed in areas with no vegetation, but intense human presence, whereas aedes albopictus (skuse) oviposition was significantly higher in areas with vegetation, regardless of human presence. ovitraps baited with infusions of panicum maximum (jacq.) collected significantly more eggs than controls con ... | 2006 | 16619601 |
| importance of socioeconomic status and tree holes in distribution of aedes mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in jodhpur, rajasthan, india. | immature aedes mosquitoes were found in domestic, peridomestic, and tree hole habitats within three socioeconomic strata of jodhpur, a city within an arid area of rajasthan, india, endemic for dengue. peridomestic habitats served as a persistent source of aedes vectors, especially those used for watering cows for religious reasons that were located within high socioeconomic areas. domestic (indoor) containers within low socioeconomic strata showed a higher container index (27.0%) than periurban ... | 2006 | 16619619 |
| co-immunoprecipitation of putative proteins that interact with mosquito proliferating cell nuclear antigen. | we have sequenced cdnas encoding proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna) from aedes albopictus cells and from aedes aegypti mosquitoes. the mosquito cdnas contained an open reading frame encoding a 260 amino acid protein with a calculated mass of 29.0 kda and a pi of 4.46. there was a single amino acid difference between pcna proteins from ae. albopictus and ae. aegypti. in an. gambiae, the pcna homolog contained 260 residues, and the pcna gene was interrupted by a single 67 nucleotide intron ... | 2006 | 16640730 |
| susceptibility of laboratory and field-collected aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus to bacillus thuringiensis israelensis h-14. | susceptibility levels of a few laboratory-cultured and dengue-endemic area field-collected strains of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus to bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti) at different storage ages were studied. the susceptibility of laboratory-cultured world health organization (who) bora bora reference, vector control research unit (vcru), and fumakilla malaysia berhad (fmb) strains of ae. aegypti to bti was examined. the sensitivity to bti decreased with storage age. the median letha ... | 2006 | 16646329 |
| cold acclimation and overwintering of female aedes albopictus in roma. | eight years after the introduction and establishment of aedes albopictus in roma, females of the species extended their trophic activity to the coldest months of the year. winter monitoring carried out from december 2003 to march 2004 in the urban area of the capital city of italy recorded a weekly rate of positive ovitraps constantly around 30%, for the entire period of surveillance (14 wk). eggs from ovitraps did not hatch when stimulated in laboratory with a wet and dry procedure. the hypothe ... | 2006 | 16646341 |
| water quality and immatures of the m and s forms of anopheles gambiae s.s. and an. arabiensis in a malian village. | the associations between the immatures of anopheles gambiae s.s. (diptera: culicidae), its m and s forms, and anopheles arabiensis among and within larval breeding habitats in banambani, mali were investigated under varying conditions of water quality and rainfall. the intent was to elucidate on niche partitioning of these taxa. | 2006 | 16646991 |
| global transport networks and infectious disease spread. | air, sea and land transport networks continue to expand in reach, speed of travel and volume of passengers and goods carried. pathogens and their vectors can now move further, faster and in greater numbers than ever before. three important consequences of global transport network expansion are infectious disease pandemics, vector invasion events and vector-borne pathogen importation. this review briefly examines some of the important historical examples of these disease and vector movements, suc ... | 2006 | 16647974 |
| protective immune responses against west nile virus are primed by distinct complement activation pathways. | west nile virus (wnv) causes a severe infection of the central nervous system in several vertebrate animals including humans. prior studies have shown that complement plays a critical role in controlling wnv infection in complement (c) 3(-/-) and complement receptor 1/2(-/-) mice. here, we dissect the contributions of the individual complement activation pathways to the protection from wnv disease. genetic deficiencies in c1q, c4, factor b, or factor d all resulted in increased mortality in mice ... | 2006 | 16651386 |
| nuclear localization of flavivirus rna synthesis in infected cells. | flaviviral replication is believed to be exclusively cytoplasmic, occurring within virus-induced membrane-bound replication complexes in the host cytoplasm. here we show that a significant proportion (20%) of the total rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) activity from cells infected with west nile virus, japanese encephalitis virus (jev), and dengue virus is resident within the nucleus. consistent with this, the major replicase proteins ns3 and ns5 of jev also localized within the nucleus. ns5 w ... | 2006 | 16699025 |
| genome microevolution of chikungunya viruses causing the indian ocean outbreak. | a chikungunya virus outbreak of unprecedented magnitude is currently ongoing in indian ocean territories. in réunion island, this alphavirus has already infected about one-third of the human population. the main clinical symptom of the disease is a painful and invalidating poly-arthralgia. besides the arthralgic form, 123 patients with a confirmed chikungunya infection have developed severe clinical signs, i.e., neurological signs or fulminant hepatitis. | 2006 | 16700631 |
| [chikungunya virus infection: review through an epidemic]. | the chikungunya virus is an alpha arbovirus, first identified in 1953, transmitted by aedes, mosquitoes, responsible for a little documented uncommon acute specifically tropical disease. its main symptoms are fever, a rash, and debilitating arthralgia. an unprecedented chikungunya epidemic is ongoing on the reunion island (775,000 inhabitants) with over 244,000 reported and 205 deaths (directly or indirectly linked) as of april 20 2006. aedes albopictus, long present on the island, is the assume ... | 2006 | 16725291 |
| host-feeding patterns of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in relation to availability of human and domestic animals in suburban landscapes of central north carolina. | aedes albopictus (skuse) (diptera: culicidae) is a major nuisance mosquito and a potential arbovirus vector. the host-feeding patterns of ae. albopictus were investigated during the 2002 and 2003 mosquito seasons in suburban neighborhoods in wake county, raleigh, nc. hosts of blood-fed ae. albopictus (n = 1,094) were identified with an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, by using antisera made in new zealand white rabbits to the sera of animals that would commonly occur in peridomestic h ... | 2006 | 16739414 |
| natural vectors of dirofilariasis in rural and urban areas of the tuscan region, central italy. | entomological investigations by means of dog- and human-baited traps were carried out in summers 2000-2002 in urban and rural areas of the tuscan region in central italy. the aim of the study was to define the mosquito species involved in the transmission of dirofilaria nematodes and to assess the risk that their presence might represent for animal and human health. nocturnal fieldwork on host-seeking activity and feeding preferences was followed by microscopic identification of the mosquito spe ... | 2006 | 16739418 |
| laboratory and semi-field evaluation of mosquito dunks against aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus larvae (diptera: culicidae). | laboratory bioassays and semi-field studies were conducted on the efficacy and longevity of mosquito dunks (7,000 itu/mg bti) in order to determine the concentration-response relationship and the effectiveness on the potency of the bti product against aedes mosquito species based on the who protocol standard methods and to determine the longevity of release for this product against ae. aegypti mosquito larvae in water storage containers. this bio-potency study with the late 3rd instar larvae of ... | 2006 | 16771214 |
| interspecific transfer of wolbachia into the mosquito disease vector aedes albopictus. | intracellular wolbachia bacteria are obligate, maternally inherited endosymbionts found frequently in insects and other invertebrates. the evolutionary success of wolbachia is due in part to an ability to manipulate reproduction. in mosquitoes and many other insects, wolbachia causes a form of sterility known as cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci). wolbachia-induced ci has attracted interest as a potential agent for affecting medically important disease vectors. however, application of the approach ... | 2006 | 16777718 |
| a wolbachia-associated fitness benefit depends on genetic background in drosophila simulans. | the alpha-proteobacteria wolbachia infect a number of insect species and influence host reproduction to favour the spread of infected females through a population. the fitness effect of this infection is important in understanding the spread and maintenance of wolbachia within and among host populations. however, a full elucidation of fitness effect requires careful control of host genetic background. here, i transferred a single clone of wolbachia (the wha strain) into three genetically distinc ... | 2006 | 16777731 |
| preliminary data on the performance of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus immatures developing in water-filled tires in rio de janeiro. | a monthly survey of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus immatures in discarded tires at a site in metropolitan rio de janeiro showed that ae. albopictus was much more abundant in the rainy season, but ae. aegypti abundance showed a less clear seasonal pattern. pupal masses for ae. albopictus showed a seasonal trend. in contrast, ae. aegypti pupae did not show any clear trend in weight. large ae. albopictus pupae were found in the warmer months, when water volume was higher, ph lower and larval ab ... | 2006 | 16830718 |
| ribosomal protein s6 associates with alphavirus nonstructural protein 2 and mediates expression from alphavirus messages. | although alphaviruses dramatically alter cellular function within hours of infection, interactions between alphaviruses and specific host cellular proteins are poorly understood. although the alphavirus nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2) is an essential component of the viral replication complex, it also has critical auxiliary functions that determine the outcome of infection in the host. to gain a better understanding of nsp2 function, we sought to identify cellular proteins with which venezuelan e ... | 2006 | 16840351 |
| bacteriophage wo-b and wolbachia in natural mosquito hosts: infection incidence, transmission mode and relative density. | bacteriophages of wolbachia bacteria have been proposed as a potential transformation tool for genetically modifying mosquito vectors. in this study, we report the presence of the wo-b class of wolbachia-associated phages among natural populations of several mosquito hosts. eighty-eight percent (22/25) of wolbachia-infected mosquito species surveyed were found to contain wo-b phages. wo-b phage orf7 sequence analysis suggested that a single strain of wo-b phage was found in most singly (23/24) o ... | 2006 | 16842419 |
| estimating the malaria risk of african mosquito movement by air travel. | the expansion of global travel has resulted in the importation of african anopheles mosquitoes, giving rise to cases of local malaria transmission. here, cases of 'airport malaria' are used to quantify, using a combination of global climate and air traffic volume, where and when are the greatest risks of a plasmodium falciparum-carrying mosquito being importated by air. this prioritises areas at risk of further airport malaria and possible importation or reemergence of the disease. | 2006 | 16842613 |
| sindbis virus infection of two model insect cell systems--a comparative study. | sindbis, the prototype of the alphaviruses causes mosquito-borne diseases in mammals and replicates in a wide variety of vertebrate and invertebrate cell cultures. this characteristic can be exploited to use the vast array of drosophila genetic information available for investigations of the interaction of sindbis virus with an alternate invertebrate host. for this purpose, a comparative study of sindbis virus infection of schnieder-2 drosophila (s2) cells to cells of the mosquito aedes albopict ... | 2006 | 16854488 |
| aedes albopictus as an epidemic vector of chikungunya virus: another emerging problem? | 2006 | 16870524 | |
| nsm and 78-kilodalton proteins of rift valley fever virus are nonessential for viral replication in cell culture. | rift valley fever viruses carrying mutations of the m gene preglycoprotein region, one lacking nsm protein expression, one lacking 78-kda protein expression, and one lacking expression of both proteins, were compared in cell culture. all of the mutants and their parent virus produced plaques with similar sizes and morphologies in vero e6 cells and had similar growth kinetics in vero, c6/36, and mrc5 cells, demonstrating that the nsm and 78-kda proteins were not needed for the virus to replicate ... | 2006 | 16873285 |
| serological and entomological investigations of an outbreak of dengue fever in certain rural areas of kanyakumari district, tamil nadu. | during the first week of july 2003, suspected cases of dengue fever were reported from three villages in kanyakumari district in tamil nadu. since the fever outbreak occurred for the first time in these villages, serological, virological and entomological investigations were carried out to confirm the aetiology of outbreak. | 2006 | 16873914 |
| use of carbon-13 as a population marker for anopheles arabiensis in a sterile insect technique (sit) context. | monitoring of sterile to wild insect ratios in field populations can be useful to follow the progress in genetic control programmes such as the sterile insect technique (sit). of the numerous methods for marking insects most are not suitable for use in mass rearing and mass release. suitable ones include dye marking, genetic marking and chemical marking. | 2006 | 16445865 |
| isolation of rickettsia felis in the mosquito cell line c6/36. | we report the isolation and establishment of rickettsia felis in the c6/36 cell line. rickettsial growth was intense, always with 90 to 100% of cells being infected after few weeks. the rickettsial isolate was confirmed by testing infected cells by pcr and sequencing fragments of three major rickettsia genes (glta, ompb, and the 17-kda protein gene). | 2006 | 16461734 |
| quantitative analysis of la crosse virus transcription and replication in cell cultures and mosquitoes. | la crosse (lac) virus (family bunyaviridae, genus orthobunyavirus) small (s) segment negative-sense rna genome (vrna), positive-sense full-length rna complement (vcrna), and subgenomic mrna were assayed in infected cell cultures and female aedes (ochlerotatus) triseriatus mosquito tissues using quantitative pcr (q-pcr). during persistent infection of c6/36 (aedes albopictus) and mat (aedes triseriatus) cultured cells and cytolytic infection of bhk-21 cultured cells, lac vrna was the most abundan ... | 2006 | 16474075 |
| rna secondary structure in the coding region of dengue virus type 2 directs translation start codon selection and is required for viral replication. | dengue virus is a positive-strand rna virus and a member of the genus flavivirus, which includes west nile, yellow fever, and tick-borne encephalitis viruses. flavivirus genomes are translated as a single polyprotein that is subsequently cleaved into 10 proteins, the first of which is the viral capsid (c) protein. dengue virus type 2 (denv2) and other mosquito-borne flaviviruses initiate translation of c from a start codon in a suboptimal context and have multiple in-frame augs downstream. here, ... | 2006 | 16474125 |
| analysis of the endocytic pathway mediating the infectious entry of mosquito-borne flavivirus west nile into aedes albopictus mosquito (c6/36) cells. | the initial interaction between mosquito-borne flavivirus west nile and mosquito cells is poorly characterized. this study analyzed the endocytic and the associated signaling pathway that mediate the infectious entry of west nile virus (wnv) into mosquito cell line (c6/36). pretreatment of c6/36 cells with pharmacological drugs that blocks clathrin-mediated endocytosis significantly inhibited virus entry. furthermore, the transfection of functional blocking antibody against clathrin molecules an ... | 2006 | 16490225 |
| rate of elimination of wolbachia pipientis by doxycycline in vitro increases following drug withdrawal. | wolbachia pipientis is an obligate intracellular bacterium within the family anaplasmataceae that infects many terrestrial arthropods and arthropod-transmitted nematodes (filariae). several filarial species are major human pathogens, and antibiotics with activity against wolbachia offer a promising new therapeutic approach, since the adult worms are relatively refractory to conventional anthelmintics but depend on wolbachia for reproduction and viability. in a natural filarial parasite of cattle ... | 2006 | 16495252 |
| a scenario for invasion and dispersal of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in new zealand. | to date, there has been no confirmed, indigenously acquired case of arthropod-borne viral disease in new zealand, but this may change in the near future due to the presence of exotic vectors and regular influx of infected humans. the risk of a disease outbreak may be aggravated if other exotic mosquito vectors become established, in particular aedes albopictus (skuse), a species that has already been intercepted several times in new zealand. in this study, the possible means of invasion and disp ... | 2006 | 16506441 |
| molecular and morphological characterization of aedes albopictus in northwestern greece and differentiation from aedes cretinus and aedes aegypti. | the presence of aedes albopictus (skuse) was recently confirmed for the first time in northwestern greece. this location is within the distribution range of a morphologically similar species, aedes cretinus edwards, and is a potentially favorable region for the reintroduction of aedes aegypti (l.). it was thus compelling to use methods in addition to morphology-based keys to correctly identify specimens badly damaged, rubbed, or otherwise altered in their external characteristics. it was decided ... | 2006 | 16506446 |
| massive genome erosion and functional adaptations provide insights into the symbiotic lifestyle of sodalis glossinidius in the tsetse host. | sodalis glossinidius is a maternally transmitted endosymbiont of tsetse flies (glossina spp.), an insect of medical and veterinary significance. analysis of the complete sequence of sodalis' chromosome (4,171,146 bp, encoding 2,432 protein coding sequences) indicates a reduced coding capacity of 51%. furthermore, the chromosome contains 972 pseudogenes, an inordinately high number compared with that of other bacterial species. a high proportion of these pseudogenes are homologs of known proteins ... | 2006 | 16365377 |
| nk cells, displaying early activation, cytotoxicity and adhesion molecules, are associated with mild dengue disease. | during the innate immune response against infections, natural killer (nk) cells are as important effector cells as are cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) generated after antigenic stimulation in the adaptative response. nk cells increase in numbers, after viral infection or vaccination. we investigated the nk cell and cd8 t lymphocyte status in 55 dengue infected patients. the nk (cd56+cd3-) and cd56+ t cell (cd56+cd3+) rates rise during the acute phase of disease. the majority of nk cells from dengu ... | 2006 | 16412060 |
| west nile virus discriminates between dc-sign and dc-signr for cellular attachment and infection. | the c-type lectins dc-sign and dc-signr bind mannose-rich glycans with high affinity. in vitro, cells expressing these attachment factors efficiently capture, and are infected by, a diverse array of appropriately glycosylated pathogens, including dengue virus. in this study, we investigated whether these lectins could enhance cellular infection by west nile virus (wnv), a mosquito-borne flavivirus related to dengue virus. we discovered that dc-signr promoted wnv infection much more efficiently t ... | 2006 | 16415006 |
| antibodies against west nile virus nonstructural protein ns1 prevent lethal infection through fc gamma receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms. | the flavivirus nonstructural protein ns1 is a highly conserved secreted glycoprotein that does not package with the virion. immunization with ns1 elicits a protective immune response against yellow fever, dengue, and tick-borne encephalitis flaviviruses through poorly defined mechanisms. in this study, we purified a recombinant, secreted form of west nile virus (wnv) ns1 glycoprotein from baculovirus-infected insect cells and generated 22 new ns1-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs). by perform ... | 2006 | 16415011 |
| cd8+ t cells require perforin to clear west nile virus from infected neurons. | injury to neurons after west nile virus (wnv) infection is believed to occur because of viral and host immune-mediated effects. previously, we demonstrated that cd8+ t cells are required for the resolution of wnv infection in the central nervous system (cns). cd8+ t cells can control infection by producing antiviral cytokines (e.g., gamma interferon or tumor necrosis factor alpha) or by triggering death of infected cells through perforin- or fas ligand-dependent pathways. here, we directly evalu ... | 2006 | 16352536 |
| the evolution of cytoplasmic incompatibility types: integrating segregation, inbreeding and outbreeding. | cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci) is a reproductive incompatibility induced by maternally transmitted bacteria of the genera wolbachia and cardinium. in the simplest form of ci, offspring from infected males and uninfected females suffer from increased mortality. however, it has been noted that crosses between males and females carrying different strains of infection are often also incompatible. the evolutionary processes leading to the emergence of new ci-compatibility types are still not resolv ... | 2006 | 16361236 |
| intraspecific dna content variability in festuca pallens on different geographical scales and ploidy levels. | intraspecific genome size variability of festuca pallens occurring on relict rocky steppes in central europe was studied on two ploidy levels and three geographical scales: (1) local scale of 24 populations, (2) landscape scale of three transects in river canyons or hill systems, and (3) global scale of 160 samples covering the whole distribution area. | 2006 | 16868002 |
| new findings on the developmental process of ascogregarina taiwanensis and ascogregarina culicis in aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti. | infection in different stages of larvae of aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus with ascogregarina taiwanensis and a. culicis, respectively, revealed that the oocysts of ascogregarina spp. are able to infect any instar and can complete their life cycle within 9.5 +/- 1 days. when early instars ingested oocysts, parasite development was synchronized to larval-pupal ecdysis and oocyst dissemination occurred at the time of adult emergence, oviposition, or both. the parasites also developed normally whe ... | 2006 | 16646318 |
| abridged pupa identification key to the common container-breeding mosquitoes in urban southeast asia. | pupal surveys have been advocated as an alternative or surrogate surveillance method for estimating densities of adult aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. usually, this survey strategy has required that collected pupae eclose to adults before attempting species identification. using the pupal survey method in yogyakarta, indonesia, this rearing step was obviated with the pupal morphological key described herein for identifying preserved or live pupae. examination of pupae for the identification ... | 2006 | 17067066 |
| multi-level analyses of spatial and temporal determinants for dengue infection. | dengue is a mosquito-borne viral infection that is now endemic in most tropical countries. in thailand, dengue fever/dengue hemorrhagic fever is a leading cause of hospitalization and death among children. a longitudinal study among 1750 people in two rural and one urban sites in northern thailand from 2001 to 2003 studied spatial and temporal determinants for recent dengue infection at three levels (time, individual and household). | 2006 | 16420702 |
| an annotated catalogue of salivary gland transcripts in the adult female mosquito, aedes aegypti. | saliva of blood-sucking arthropods contains a cocktail of antihemostatic agents and immunomodulators that help blood feeding. mosquitoes additionally feed on sugar meals and have specialized regions of their glands containing glycosidases and antimicrobials that might help control bacterial growth in the ingested meals. to expand our knowledge on the salivary cocktail of aedes aegypti, a vector of dengue and yellow fevers, we analyzed a set of 4,232 expressed sequence tags from cdna libraries of ... | 2007 | 17204158 |
| richness-productivity relationships between trophic levels in a detritus-based system: significance of abundance and trophic linkage. | most theoretical and empirical studies of productivity-species richness relationships fail to consider linkages among trophic levels. we quantified productivity-richness relationships in detritus-based, water-filled tree-hole communities for two trophic levels: invertebrate consumers and the protozoans on which they feed. by analogy to theory for biomass partitioning among trophic levels, we predicted that consumer control would result in richness of protozoans in the lower trophic level being u ... | 2007 | 17713787 |
| collembase: a repository for springtail genomics and soil quality assessment. | environmental quality assessment is traditionally based on responses of reproduction and survival of indicator organisms. for soil assessment the springtail folsomia candida (collembola) is an accepted standard test organism. we argue that environmental quality assessment using gene expression profiles of indicator organisms exposed to test substrates is more sensitive, more toxicant specific and significantly faster than current risk assessment methods. to apply this species as a genomic model ... | 2007 | 17900339 |
| a new classification system for the actions of irs chemicals traditionally used for malaria control. | knowledge of how mosquitoes respond to insecticides is of paramount importance in understanding how an insecticide functions to prevent disease transmission. a suite of laboratory assays was used to quantitatively characterize mosquito responses to toxic, contact irritant, and non-contact spatial repellent actions of standard insecticides. highly replicated tests of these compounds over a range of concentrations proved that all were toxic, some were contact irritants, and even fewer were non-con ... | 2007 | 17684562 |
| modelling the control strategies against dengue in singapore. | notified cases of dengue infections in singapore reached historical highs in 2004 (9459 cases) and 2005 (13,817 cases) and the reason for such an increase is still to be established. we apply a mathematical model for dengue infection that takes into account the seasonal variation in incidence, characteristic of dengue fever, and which mimics the 2004-2005 epidemics in singapore. we simulated a set of possible control strategies and confirmed the intuitive belief that killing adult mosquitoes is ... | 2007 | 17540051 |
| development of a novel sticky trap for container-breeding mosquitoes and evaluation of its sampling properties to monitor urban populations of aedes albopictus. | collection methods currently used for large-scale sampling of adult stegomyia mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) present several operational limitations, which constitute major drawbacks to the epidemiological surveillance of arboviruses, the evaluation of the impact of control strategies, and the surveillance of the spreading of allochthonous species into non-endemic regions. here, we describe a new sticky trap designed to capture adult container-breeding mosquitoes and to monitor their population ... | 2007 | 17550438 |
| comparative laboratory study on the reaction of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus to different attractive cues in a mosquito trap. | the behavioral responses of aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse) adults to several attractive cues, as reactions to mosquito traps, are compared in the laboratory, and differences in the primary attractive factors for both species are discussed. target-attacking frequency of unfed ae. aegypti females was >30 times that of unfed ae. albopictus females under simulated conditions. changes in the percentage of trapped mosquitoes under several attractive conditions using commercial mosquit ... | 2007 | 17547227 |
| comparison of the morphology of oocysts and the phylogenetic analysis of four ascogregarina species (eugregarinidae: lecudinidae) as inferred from small subunit ribosomal dna sequences. | this study on the ultrastructure of the oocysts of four isolated species of ascogregarina (a. taiwanensis (lien and levine) (eugregarinidae: lecudinidae) from aedes albopictus (skuse), a. culicis (ross) (eugregarinidae: lecudinidae) from aedes aegypti (l.), a. armigerei (eugregarinidae: lecudinidae) from armigeres subalbatus (coquillet), and ascogregarina sp. (eugregarinidae: lecudinidae) from ochlerotatus japonicus japonicus (theobald)) using a scanning electron microscope revealed significant ... | 2007 | 17291827 |
| comparison of larval foraging behavior of aedes albopictus and aedes japonicus (diptera: culicidae). | aedes albopictus (skuse) (diptera: culicidae) invaded the united states in 1985 and spread rapidly across eastern north america, whereas aedes japonicus (theobald) invaded and became established in the united states more recently (1998). the two species may co-occur in container habitats, and they are of potential public health concern as arbovirus vectors. to evaluate ecological differences between ae. albopictus and ae.japonicus, we compared larval foraging behavior of these two species. based ... | 2007 | 18047196 |
| abundance and bionomics of ochlerotatus j. japonicus in two counties in southwestern virginia. | movement of ochlerotatus japonicus japonicus into virus-endemic areas in the usa has raised concern about its vector potential and prompted monitoring of its spread. the abundance and seasonal distribution of oc. japonicus in southwestern virginia was measured in 2003 and 2004 using gravid traps. in 2003, collections were made over 192 trap-nights from june to august yielding 5,879 mosquitoes of which only 24 were oc. japonicus. in 2004, 12,151 mosquitoes were trapped from june to september over ... | 2007 | 17939504 |
| presence of aedes albopictus in lebanon and syria. | the occurrence of aedes albopictus in lebanon and syria is reported for the first time. larvae were found in 4 localities in lebanon, and 1 female was captured inside a house located in a coastal locality in syria. the potential of the species to vector arboviral disease in the region is noted. | 2007 | 17847859 |
| evaluation of the mosquito magnet pro trap with and without 1-octen-3-ol for collecting aedes albopictus and other urban mosquitoes. | during the summer of 2004, 3 field studies were performed to evaluate the mosquito magnet pro trap with and without 1-octen-3-ol (octenol) in enhancing collections of aedes albopictus (skuse). at field site 1, 1,501 ae. albopictus were collected, with 89% collected with octenol. at field site 2, 570 ae. albopictus were collected, with 86% collected with octenol. aedes albopictus collections were significantly enhanced in both preliminary field trials 1 and 2 (p < 0.03). there was a 3-fold increa ... | 2007 | 17847844 |
| evaluation of carbon dioxide, 1-octen-3-ol, and lactic acid as baits in mosquito magnet pro traps for aedes albopictus in north central florida. | the impact of the attractants l-octen-3-ol (octenol) and l-lactic acid (lurextm) on collection of aedes albopictus in suburban backyards was assessed in mosquito magnet pro traps. these carbon dioxide-producing traps were additionally baited with commercial formulated lures with octenol, lactic acid, octenol + lactic acid, or no attractant (control) and evaluated in 4 residential sites. three repetitions of the study resulted in the total collection of 1,321 ae. albopictus. significantly more ae ... | 2007 | 17536362 |
| laboratory susceptibility of wyeomyia smithii (diptera: culicidae) to ascogregarina taiwanensis (apicomplexa: lecudinidae). | gregarines in the genus ascogregarina are not known to develop in sabethine mosquitoes, but we successfully infected larvae of wyeomyia smithii with ascogregarina taiwanensis in the laboratory. ascogregarina taiwanensis is a natural parasite of the exotic asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus. only 18% to 70% of the w. smithii larvae had visible trophozoites, with a range of 1-92 per larva. trophozoites persisted in the midgut for more than 37 d, and one adult female w. smithii had gametocysts ... | 2007 | 12425526 |
| directed migration of ascogregarina taiwanensis (apicomplexa: lecudinidae) in its natural host aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae). | directed migration of trophozoites from the midgut toward the malpighian tubules is essential for ascogregarina taiwanensis (apicomplexa: lecudinidae) to complete its developmental cycle within the natural host aedes albopictus. we have obtained a 275-bp actin cdna fragment amplified from extracted mrnas of migrating trophozoites, suggesting the involvement of actin in trophozoite motility. down-regulation on the migration of the trophozoite was seen in mosquito larvae fed with cytochalasin d, m ... | 2007 | 11596918 |
| ultrastructure of infection, development and gametocyst formation of ascogregarina taiwanensis (apicomplexa: lecudinidae) in its mosquito host, aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae). | the life history of the protozoan parasite ascogregarina taiwanensis in mosquito larvae (aedes albopictus, collected in southern taiwan) was shown to consist of two consecutive stages--intracellular and extracellular. light microscopy showed that most trophozoites moved into the malpighian tubules and developed into giant trophozoites during the first day pupa. the locomotion may be associated with bristle-like ridges of the trophozoite. the stage for sexual reproduction, i.e., the gamete, was t ... | 2007 | 9190261 |
| signatures of seaway closures and founder dispersal in the phylogeny of a circumglobally distributed seahorse lineage. | the importance of vicariance events on the establishment of phylogeographic patterns in the marine environment is well documented, and generally accepted as an important cause of cladogenesis. founder dispersal (i.e. long-distance dispersal followed by founder effect speciation) is also frequently invoked as a cause of genetic divergence among lineages, but its role has long been challenged by vicariance biogeographers. founder dispersal is likely to be common in species that colonize remote hab ... | 2007 | 17697373 |
| connexin channel permeability to cytoplasmic molecules. | connexin channels are known to be permeable to a variety of cytoplasmic molecules. the first observation of second messenger junctional permeability, made approximately 30 years ago, sparked broad interest in gap junction channels as mediators of intercellular molecular signaling. since then, much has been learned about the diversity of connexin channels with regard to isoform diversity, tissue and developmental distribution, modes of channel regulation, assembly, expression, biochemical modific ... | 2007 | 17470375 |
| vavraia culicis (weiser, 1947) weiser, 1977 revisited: cytological characterisation of a vavraia culicis-like microsporidium isolated from mosquitoes in florida and the establishment of vavraia culicis floridensis subsp. n. | a brief nomenclatural history of vavraia culicis (weiser, 1947), the type species for the genus vavraia weiser, 1977, is presented together with a detailed description of the cytological and ultrastructural characteristics of a vavraia culicis-like microsporidian species isolated from aedes albopictus (scuse) in florida. this "florida isolate", is the only known isolate of a species of the genus vavraia from mosquitoes propagated in laboratory culture. although the florida isolate has been used ... | 2007 | 18303767 |
| community and school-based health education for dengue control in rural cambodia: a process evaluation. | dengue fever continues to be a major public health problem in cambodia, with significant impact on children. health education is a major means for prevention and control of the national dengue control program (ndcp), and is delivered to communities and in schools. drawing on data collected in 2003-2004 as part of an ethnographic study conducted in eastern cambodia, we explore the approaches used in health education and their effectiveness to control dengue. community health education is provided ... | 2007 | 18160981 |
| possible ecology and epidemiology of medically important mosquito-borne arboviruses in great britain. | nine different arboviruses are known to be transmitted by, or associated with, mosquitoes in europe, and several (west nile, sindbis and tahyna viruses) are reported to cause outbreaks of human disease. although there have been no reported human cases in great britain (gb), there have been no published in-depth serological surveys for evidence of human infection. this paper investigates the ecological and entomological factors that could influence or restrict transmission of these viruses in gb, ... | 2007 | 16893487 |
| white spot syndrome virus annexes a shrimp stat to enhance expression of the immediate-early gene ie1. | although the janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (jak-stat) signaling pathway is part of the antiviral response in arthropods such as drosophila, here we show that white spot syndrome virus (wssv) uses a shrimp stat as a transcription factor to enhance viral gene expression in host cells. in a series of deletion and mutation assays using the wssv immediate-early gene ie1 promoter, which is active in shrimp cells and also in insect sf9 cells, an element containing a stat ... | 2007 | 17079306 |
| differential induction of type i interferon responses in myeloid dendritic cells by mosquito and mammalian-cell-derived alphaviruses. | dendritic cells (dcs) are an important early target cell for many mosquito-borne viruses, and in many cases mosquito-cell-derived arboviruses more efficiently infect dcs than viruses derived from mammalian cells. however, whether mosquito-cell-derived viruses differ from mammalian-cell-derived viruses in their ability to induce antiviral responses in the infected dendritic cell has not been evaluated. in this report, alphaviruses, which are mosquito-borne viruses that cause diseases ranging from ... | 2007 | 17079324 |
| cell-specific adaptation of two flaviviruses following serial passage in mosquito cell culture. | west nile virus (wnv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that was introduced into the u.s. in the new york city area in 1999. despite its successful establishment and rapid spread in a naive environment, wnv has undergone limited evolution since its introduction. this evolutionary stability has been attributed to compromises made to permit alternating cycles of viral replication in vertebrate hosts and arthropod vectors. outbreaks of a close relative of wnv, st. louis encephalitis virus (slev), occu ... | 2007 | 16963095 |
| update of the anopheles gambiae pest genome assembly. | the genome of anopheles gambiae, the major vector of malaria, was sequenced and assembled in 2002. this initial genome assembly and analysis made available to the scientific community was complicated by the presence of assembly issues, such as scaffolds with no chromosomal location, no sequence data for the y chromosome, haplotype polymorphisms resulting in two different genome assemblies in limited regions and contaminating bacterial dna. | 2007 | 17210077 |
| histone h1-like, lysine-rich low complexity amino acid extensions in mosquito ribosomal proteins rpl23a and rps6 have evolved independently. | histone h1-like amino acid extensions have been described at the amino terminus of drosophila rpl22 and rpl23a, and at the carboxyl terminus of mosquito ribosomal protein rps6. an in silico search suggested that rpl23a, but not rpl22, in anopheles gambiae has an amino-terminal extension. because low complexity amino acid extensions are not common on eukaryotic ribosomal proteins, and their functions are unknown, we cloned cdnas encoding rpl23a from aedes albopictus and anopheles stephensi mosqui ... | 2007 | 17212354 |
| cost-effective real-time reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) to screen for dengue virus followed by rapid single-tube multiplex rt-pcr for serotyping of the virus. | virus detection methodology provides detection of dengue virus in the early phase of the disease. pcr, targeting cdna derived from viral rna, has been used as a laboratory-based molecular tool for the detection of dengue virus. we report the development and use of three real-time one-step reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) assays to detect dengue cases and serotype the virus involved. the first rt-pcr assay uses sybr green i as the reporting dye for the purpose of cost-effective screening for de ... | 2007 | 17215345 |
| an insight into the sialome of anopheles funestus reveals an emerging pattern in anopheline salivary protein families. | anopheles funestus, together with anopheles gambiae, is responsible for most malaria transmission in sub-saharan africa, but little is known about molecular aspects of its biology. to investigate the salivary repertoire of this mosquito, we randomly sequenced 916 clones from a salivary-gland cdna library from adult female f1 offspring of field-caught an. funestus. thirty-three protein sequences, mostly full-length transcripts, are predicted to be secreted salivary proteins. we additionally descr ... | 2007 | 17244545 |
| potential of ancestral sylvatic dengue-2 viruses to re-emerge. | dengue viruses (denv) are the most important arboviral pathogens in tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. denv transmission includes both a sylvatic, enzootic cycle between nonhuman primates and arboreal mosquitoes of the genus aedes, and an urban, endemic/epidemic cycle between aedes aegypti, a mosquito with larval development in peridomestic water containers, and human reservoir hosts. all 4 serotypes of endemic denv evolved independently from ancestral sylvatic viruses and ha ... | 2007 | 17014880 |
| diapause-specific gene expression in the northern house mosquito, culex pipiens l., identified by suppressive subtractive hybridization. | in this study we probe the molecular events underpinning diapause observed in overwintering females of culex pipiens. using suppressive subtractive hybridization (ssh) we have identified 40 genes that are either upregulated or downregulated during this seasonal period of dormancy. northern blot hybridizations have confirmed the expression of 32 of our ssh clones, including six genes that are upregulated specifically in early diapause, 17 that are upregulated in late diapause, and two upregulated ... | 2007 | 17098250 |
| lack of cross-resistance to mtx1 from bacillus sphaericus in b. sphaericus-resistant culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | the toxicities of mtx1 toxin against dipteran and lepidopteran species have been evaluated in this study. it was shown that mtx1 has little or no toxicity to the tested lepidopteran species, but has moderate-level toxicity to aedes albopictus skuse (diptera: culicidae) and high-level toxicity to both susceptible and binary toxin-resistant culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae). the lc(50) values of mtx1 against a susceptible c. quinquefasciatus colony slcq and two resistant colonies rlc ... | 2007 | 17103380 |
| la crosse bunyavirus nonstructural protein nss serves to suppress the type i interferon system of mammalian hosts. | la crosse virus (lacv) is a mosquito-transmitted member of the bunyaviridae family that causes severe encephalitis in children. for the lacv nonstructural protein nss, previous overexpression studies with mammalian cells had suggested two different functions, namely induction of apoptosis and inhibition of rna interference (rnai). here, we demonstrate that mosquito cells persistently infected with lacv do not undergo apoptosis and mount a specific rnai response. recombinant viruses that either e ... | 2007 | 17344298 |
| c-src protein kinase inhibitors block assembly and maturation of dengue virus. | dengue virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that represents an important emerging infectious disease and is an international health concern. currently, there is no vaccine or effective antiviral therapy to prevent or to treat dengue virus infection. the slow progress in developing antiviral agents might be alleviated by the availability of efficient high-throughput anti-dengue virus screening assays. in this study, we report an immunofluorescence image-based assay suitable for identification of ... | 2007 | 17360676 |
| nonviremic transmission of west nile virus: evaluation of the effects of space, time, and mosquito species. | to evaluate the potential for nonviremic transmission (nvt) of west nile virus (wnv) to occur in nature, we examined the effect of increasing spatial and temporal separation between co-feeding mosquitoes on the efficiency of nonviremic transmission and the potential of a west nile virus bridge vector species, aedes albopictus, to be infected via nonviremic transmission. west nile virus-infected (donor) culex pipiens quinquefasciatus were allowed to feed on a mouse for 5 minutes followed by non-i ... | 2007 | 17360862 |
| discriminative feeding behaviour of anopheles gambiae s.s. on endemic plants in western kenya. | anopheles gambiae giles s.s. (diptera: culicidae) is known to feed on plant sugars, but this is the first experimental study to consider whether it discriminates between plant species. thirteen perennial plant species were selected on the basis of their local availability within the vicinity of human dwellings and larval habitats of an. gambiae s.s. in western kenya. groups of 100 or 200 mosquitoes were released into cages either with a cutting of one plant type at a time (single-plant assay) or ... | 2007 | 17373953 |
| distinct signalling pathways promote phagocytosis of bacteria, latex beads and lipopolysaccharide in medfly haemocytes. | in insects, phagocytosis is an important innate immune response against pathogens and parasites, and several signal transduction pathways regulate this process. the focal adhesion kinase (fak)/src and mitogen activated protein kinase (mapk) pathways are of central importance because their activation upon pathogen challenge regulates phagocytosis via haemocyte secretion and activation of the prophenoloxidase (propo) cascade. the goal of this study was to explore further the mechanisms underlying ... | 2007 | 17376199 |
| identification of dengue virus in respiratory specimens from a patient who had recently traveled from a region where dengue virus infection is endemic. | dengue is the most important arthropod-borne viral disease, and it is a major public health problem in subtropical and tropical regions. the virus is transmitted to humans by the bite of infected female mosquitoes of the genus aedes. the global resurgence of dengue is thought to be due to failure to control the aedes populations, uncontrolled urbanization, population growth, climate change, and increased airplane travel. in this paper we describe the methods used to detect dengue virus infection ... | 2007 | 17376878 |
| acheron, a novel member of the lupus antigen family, is induced during the programmed cell death of skeletal muscles in the moth manduca sexta. | in order to identify novel genes associated with the initiation of programmed cell death during development, we employed a differential screening protocol to isolate cdnas that were induced when the intersegmental muscles (ism) of the moth manduca sexta become committed to die at the end of metamorphosis. in this report we provide the first description of acheron (achn), a novel protein that was isolated in this screen. acheron contains three lupus antigen (la) repeats, nuclear localization and ... | 2007 | 17383118 |
| structure comparisons of aedes albopictus densovirus with other parvoviruses. | parvoviridae is a family of the smallest viruses known with a wide variety of hosts. the capsid structure of the aedes albopictus c6/36 cell densovirus (c6/36 dnv) at 1.2-nm resolution was obtained by electron cryomicroscopy (cryoem) and three-dimensional (3d) image reconstruction. structure comparisons between the c6/36 dnv and other parvoviruses reveal that the degree of structural similarity between c6/36 dnv and the human parvovirus b19 is higher than that between c6/36 dnv and other insect ... | 2007 | 17393085 |
| synergy between repellents and non-pyrethroid insecticides strongly extends the efficacy of treated nets against anopheles gambiae. | to manage the kdr pyrethroid-resistance in anopheline malaria vectors, new compounds or new strategies are urgently needed. recently, mixing repellents (deet) and a non-pyrethroid insecticide (propoxur) was shown to be as effective as deltamethrin, a standard pyrethroid, under laboratory conditions, because of a strong synergy between the two compounds. in the present study, the interactions between two repellents (deet and kbr 3023) and a non-pyrethroid insecticide (pyrimiphos methyl or pm) on ... | 2007 | 17394646 |
| evaluation of a commercial real-time pcr kit for detection of dengue virus in samples collected during an outbreak in goiania, central brazil, in 2005. | in the past 2 decades, dengue has reemerged in brazil as a significant public health problem. clinicians demand a diagnostic test with high sensitivity that is applicable during the early symptomatic phase. we aimed to test two distinct molecular methods on samples from suspected dengue cases during an outbreak in central brazil. acute-phase serum specimens from 254 patients suspected of having dengue were collected during 2005 in the city of goiânia, central brazil. samples were blindly evaluat ... | 2007 | 17409201 |
| spread of the tiger: global risk of invasion by the mosquito aedes albopictus. | aedes albopictus, commonly known as the asian tiger mosquito, is currently the most invasive mosquito in the world. it is of medical importance due to its aggressive daytime human-biting behavior and ability to vector many viruses, including dengue, lacrosse, and west nile. invasions into new areas of its potential range are often initiated through the transportation of eggs via the international trade in used tires. we use a genetic algorithm, genetic algorithm for rule set production (garp), t ... | 2007 | 17417960 |
| differential survival of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) larvae exposed to low temperatures in taiwan. | aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse) differ in their distribution in taiwan. the former species is distributed in the south of taiwan, whereas the latter is found throughout the island. one possible explanation proposes that low temperatures in the winter prevent the expansion of ae. aegypti. hence, the impact of low temperatures on immatures of both species was studied in the laboratory and in the field. our study showed that, under most conditions, ae. aegypti were more sensitive to ... | 2007 | 17427687 |
| a polymerase chain reaction-based diagnostic to identify larvae and eggs of container mosquito species from the australian region. | dengue outbreaks occur regularly in parts of northern queensland, australia, and there is concern that these outbreaks may spread with the introduction and range expansion of the two main vectors aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse). problems encountered in separating larvae of endemic and exotic container mosquito species resulted in the development of a polymerase chain reaction diagnostic procedure that uses a restriction enzyme to cut the internal transcribed spacer region 1 of th ... | 2007 | 17427712 |
| rickettsia peacockii, an endosymbiont of dermacentor andersoni, does not elicit or inhibit humoral immune responses from immunocompetent d. andersoni or ixodes scapularis cell lines. | ixodes scapularis and dermacentor andersoni cell lines were stimulated with heat-killed escherichia coli and micrococcus luteus to investigate whether infection by rickettsia peacockii, an endosymbiont of d. andersoni, modifies humoral immune responses. radial diffusion assays, western blotting, flow cytometry, and quantitative reverse-transcription pcr were used to determine if expression of bacteriolytic peptides, including lysozyme and defensin, was upregulated by bacterial stimulation or inf ... | 2007 | 17428539 |
| role of the mutant spectrum in adaptation and replication of west nile virus. | west nile virus (wnv) has successfully spread throughout the usa, canada, mexico, the caribbean and parts of central and south america since its 1999 introduction into north america. despite infecting a broad range of both mosquito and avian species, the virus remains highly genetically conserved. this lack of evolutionary change over space and time is common with many arboviruses and is frequently attributed to the adaptive constraints resulting from the virus cycling between vertebrate hosts a ... | 2007 | 17325359 |
| identification of field caught anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles arabiensis by taqman single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping. | identification of anopheles gambiae s.s. and anopheles arabiensis from field-collected anopheles gambiae s.l. is often necessary in basic and applied research, and in operational control programmes. the currently accepted method involves use of standard polymerase chain reaction amplification of ribosomal dna (rdna) from the 3' 28s to 5' intergenic spacer region of the genome, and visual confirmation of amplicons of predicted size on agarose gels, after electrophoresis. this report describes dev ... | 2007 | 17326831 |
| vaccine candidates for dengue virus type 1 (den1) generated by replacement of the structural genes of rden4 and rden4delta30 with those of den1. | antigenic chimeric viruses have previously been generated in which the structural genes of recombinant dengue virus type 4 (rden4) have been replaced with those derived from den2 or den3. two vaccine candidates were identified, rden2/4delta30(me) and rden3/4delta30(me), which contain the membrane (m) precursor and envelope (e) genes of den2 and den3, respectively, and a 30 nucleotide deletion (delta30) in the 3' untranslated region of the den4 backbone. based on the promising preclinical phenoty ... | 2007 | 17328799 |