Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| antigenemia is associated with low antibody response to carbohydrate determinants of a filarial surface antigen. | the igg response to a filarial surface antigen (dssdi) was evaluated in circulating antigen (og4c3 test) positive and negative individuals from the wuchereria bancrofti endemic region of orissa, india. circulating filarial antigen (cfa) positive individuals exhibited depressed antibody levels to dssdi and individuals with high antibody levels were invariably cfa negative. low igg levels to dssdi are associated with cfa positivity irrespective of microfilaraemia and clinical status. thus asymptom ... | 2003 | 12791107 |
| health research in papua new guinea. | the papua new guinea institute of medical research (pngimr) is one of the most respected health research institutions in the developing world, and its studies of the local health problems of png have consistently had international relevance. this article examines the structural and philosophical factors that have enabled the success of the pngimr, and presents the pngimr approach to research as a potential model for other disease-endemic countries. an overview of pngimr research into malaria and ... | 2003 | 12798079 |
| lymphatic filariasis in papua new guinea: interdisciplinary research on a national health problem. | bancroftian filariasis is a major public health problem in papua new guinea, where the level of transmission by the mosquito vector, human infection rates and clinical morbidity are among the highest in the world. coordinated research efforts within the country, involving the disciplines of epidemiology, vector biology, immunology and genetics, have led to new insights into the ecology and pathogenesis of human lymphatic filariasis. recent work using this knowledge base should be helpful in asse ... | 2003 | 12798083 |
| human infection with wuchereria bancrofti in matara, sri lanka: the use, in parallel, of an elisa to detect filaria-specific igg4 in urine and of ict card tests to detect filarial antigen in whole blood. | the ict card test to detect circulating filarial antigen and an elisa that detects filaria-specific urinary igg(4) were each used to screen 473 subjects from a community in sri lanka where wuchereria bancrofti is endemic. when the ict test was used as the gold standard, the elisa was found to have a sensitivity of 91.2%. however, far more of the subjects were found elisa-positive than ict-positive (76.5% v. 31.1%). the youngest children studied (aged 1-10 years) were similar to the adult subject ... | 2003 | 12803873 |
| evidence against wolbachia symbiosis in loa loa. | background: the majority of filarial nematode species are host to wolbachia bacterial endosymbionts, although a few including acanthocheilonema viteae, onchocerca flexuosa and setaria equina have been shown to be free of infection. comparisons of species with and without symbionts can provide important information on the role of wolbachia symbiosis in the biology of the nematode hosts and the contribution of the bacteria to the development of disease. previous studies by electron microscopy and ... | 2003 | 12816546 |
| incidental detection of microfilariae in aspirates from ewing's sarcoma of bone. | microfilariae have been reported as coincidental findings with various neoplasms. we present a case in which microfilariae were encountered in fine-needle aspiration (fna) smears from a 10-yr-old boy who presented with a lytic lesion in the diaphysis of the right tibial bone. stained aspirates from the swelling were composed of a dispersed population of small round cells with scanty to vacuolated cytoplasm. two sheathed microfilariae with several nuclei and cephalic and caudal clearing were iden ... | 2003 | 12827713 |
| [parasite detection and symptoms of parasitic diseases. 1: blood parasites]. | blood parasites are malaria plasmodia, microfilaria species, trypanosomes (the causative agents of african sleeping sickness and south american changas disease) and the causative agents of schistosomiasis of the bladder and the intestine. their geographical distribution, incubation periods, signs and symptoms, microscopic and serological methods are described. in germany around 1,000 tourists contract malaria every year, mostly travellers to africa. over 70% suffer from the life-threatening p. f ... | 2003 | 12731420 |
| an aspartate aminotransferase of wolbachia endobacteria from onchocerca volvulus is recognized by igg1 antibodies from residents of endemic areas. | wolbachia are intracellular alpha-proteobacteria, closely related to rickettsia, that infect various arthropods and filarial parasites. in the present study, the cdna encoding the aspartate aminotransferase (aspat) of wolbachia from the human pathogenic filarial parasite onchocerca volvulus (ov-wolaspat) was identified. at the amino acid level, the identity of the ov-wolaspat was 56% to rickettsia prowazekii aspat and 54% to the aspat of the nitrogen-fixing bacterium sinorhizobium meliloti, but ... | 2003 | 12743802 |
| no evidence of wolbachia endosymbiosis with loa loa and mansonella perstans. | endosymbiotic wolbachia bacteria from different filarial species, including major pathogens of humans such as wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi and onchocerca volvulus, seem to play an important role in the development, viability and fertility of these worms. wolbachia trigger inflammatory host responses as well as adverse reactions against standard treatment regimens and are therefore under investigation as novel treatment targets. we investigated whether wolbachia are also endosymbiotic in l ... | 2003 | 12748849 |
| bmspn2, a serpin secreted by the filarial nematode brugia malayi, does not inhibit human neutrophil proteinases but plays a noninhibitory role. | the filarial nematode, brugia malayi, is a causative agent of lymphatic filariasis. bm-spn-2, one of two serpin genes identified in b. malayi, is expressed only in humans where the encoded protein, bmspn2, is secreted by blood-dwelling microfilariae. previous work reported that bmspn2 could inhibit the activities of elastase and cathepsin g from human neutrophils, despite an atypical amino acid sequence. this did not fit with accepted theories as to the sequence requirements of serpins for prote ... | 2003 | 12755628 |
| a simple and rapid dna extraction method for the detection of wuchereria bancrofti infection in the vector mosquito, culex quinquefasciatus by ssp i pcr assay. | a simple, rapid and inexpensive method for the extraction of dna from filarial vector, culex quinquefasciatus, useful in ssp i pcr assay for xenomonitoring of infection with wuchereria bancrofti is presented. the dna extracted by this method was found suitable for pcr detection of w. bancrofti infection in pools of 10-30 mosquitoes. the pcr assay employing the simplified dna extraction method was evaluated for its sensitivity on field caught cx. quinquefasciatus, in comparison with the conventio ... | 2003 | 12711110 |
| mapping of lymphatic filariasis in nepal. | background: human infection with wuchereria bancrofti causes a disabling parasitic disease known as lymphatic filariasis, which is a major public health and socio-economic problem in many parts of the world. at the onset of the study, little was known of the distribution of filariasis and its current importance as a public health problem in nepal. methods: epidemiological mapping was undertaken to determine the prevalence of infection by wuchereria bancrofti in 37 districts of nepal between july ... | 2003 | 12694630 |
| the effects of diethylcarbamazine on the ultrastructure of microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti. | an ultrastructural study of microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti was performed after in vitro treatment with diethylcarbamazine. one of the first morphological alterations produced by treatment with 5, 10 or 50 microg/ml of dec was the loss of microfilarial sheaths. drastic effects of dec were only detected when microfilariae were exsheathed. microfilariae treated with 5, 10 or 50 microg/ml dec showed severely affected organelles, formation of several vacuoles mainly in the hypodermis, and cyto ... | 2003 | 12866792 |
| field evaluation of the whole blood immunochromatographic test for rapid bancroftian filariasis diagnosis in the northeast of brazil. | this study evaluated the whole blood immunochromatographic card test (ict card test) in a survey performed in northeastern brazil. 625 people were examined by the thick blood film (tbf) and ict card test. residents of a non-endemic area were also tested by the whole blood card test and og4c3. the sensitivity of the ict card test was 94.7% overall, but lower in females than males, based on the reasonable assumption that tbf is 100% specific. however, since tbf and other methods have unknown sensi ... | 2003 | 12870060 |
| prevalence and levels of filaria-specific urinary igg4 among children less than five years of age and the association of antibody positivity between children and their mothers. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect filaria-specific urinary igg4 was tested in samples from 203 children less than five years old and their parents (165 mothers and 127 fathers) in sri lanka. there were four igg4-positive children within 58 days after birth, suggesting the transfer of the antibody from mothers. no positive children were found between days 65 and 417. after day 1,000, the number of the positive individuals and the level of igg4 increased quickly. the children ... | 2003 | 12875298 |
| immunocytochemical localization of antigens recognized by human antisera in infective larvae of wuchereria bancrofti. | ultrathin sections of l3 of wuchereria bancrofti embedded in hydrophilic resin were incubated with antisera pools from individuals (1) asymptomatic microfilaremic with different microfilaria (mf) densities (1-100, 101-500, and >1,000 mf/ml); (2) chronic with hydrocele or lymphedema; and (3) with no evidence of microfilaremia or clinical filariasis but residing in an endemic area. the groups of microfilaremic subjects studied presented differences relative to the intensity of labeling, with the d ... | 2003 | 12880249 |
| brugia malayi and wuchereria bancrofti: gene comparison and recombinant expression of pi-class related glutathione s-transferases. | the nucleotide sequences for brugia malayi and wuchereria bancrofti gst have been submitted to embl, genbank, and ddbj nucleotide sequence databases under accession nos. y12788 and ay195867. | 2003 | 12880597 |
| influence of infection with non-filarial helminths on the specificity of serological assays for antifilarial immunoglobulin g4. | serological assays based on the detection of immunoglobulin (ig) g4 antibodies to crude filarial extracts are widely used for epidemiological and diagnostic purposes. we tested 195 samples collected in 1998 from an area of brazil where filariasis is not endemic and 13 (6.7%) had levels of antifilarial igg4 antibodies that were defined as positive. both strongyloides infection and the presence of strongyloides antibody responses were associated with higher antifilarial antibody responses. none of ... | 2003 | 12886811 |
| sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound detection and risk factors for filarial-associated hydroceles. | to better understand risk factors for hydrocele as a consequence of wuchereria bancrofti infection, 342 men more than 15 years of age in an endemic area in papua new guinea were evaluated. thirty-four subjects (9.9%) had hydrocele by physical examination. ultrasound examination detected hydroceles in 57 men (16.7%). compared with ultrasonography, the sensitivity of physical examination was 44.3%, the specificity was 98.2%, and the positive predictive value was 73.5%. hydrocele was independently ... | 2003 | 12887019 |
| rapid assessment for lymphatic filariasis in central nigeria: a comparison of the immunochromatographic card test and hydrocele rates in an area of high endemicity. | the rapid immunochromatographic card test (ict) for wuchereria bancrofti circulating filarial antigen is being used to map areas endemic for lymphatic filariasis. however, the ict is expensive; thus, surveys based on this test must be relatively limited. our study was conducted to determine if village-based hydrocele surveys could be used to supplement the ict surveys in the mapping activities. we compared in 144 nigerian villages the two assessment methods, ict and examination for clinical hydr ... | 2003 | 12887020 |
| pcr and mosquito dissection as tools to monitor filarial infection levels following mass treatment. | background: entomological methods may provide important tools for monitoring the progress of lymphatic filariasis elimination programs. in this study, we compared dissection of the vector, culex quinquefasciatus, with the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to assess filarial infection levels in mosquitoes in the context of a lymphatic filariasis elimination program in leogane, haiti. methods: mosquitoes were collected using gravid traps located in 4 sentinel communities with wuchereria bancrofti mi ... | 2003 | 12890288 |
| animated documentation of the filaria dance sign (fds) in bancroftian filariasis. | background: ultrasonography is able to detect adult wuchereria bancrofti worms in scrotal lymphatic vessels of infected men on account of the characteristic pattern of adult worm movements, known as the filarial dance sign. furthermore, the technique is able to delineate associated pathology, such as hydrocoele and lymphoedema, which can be diagnosed in early stages. ultrasonography is also useful in the assessment of macrofilaricidal effects of antifilarial medication.the purpose of this study ... | 2003 | 12636874 |
| mass treatment of filariasis in new guinea. | 2003 | 12646679 | |
| mass treatment of filariasis in new guinea. | 2003 | 12647730 | |
| doxycycline as a novel strategy against bancroftian filariasis-depletion of wolbachia endosymbionts from wuchereria bancrofti and stop of microfilaria production. | chemotherapy of onchocerciasis by doxycycline, which targets symbiotic wolbachia endobacteria, has been shown to result in a long-term sterility of adult female worms and corresponding absence of microfilariae. it represents an additional chemotherapeutic approach. the aim of this study was to determine whether a similar regimen would also show efficacy against wuchereria bancrofti. ghanaian individuals ( n=93) with lymphatic filariasis and a minimum microfilaremia of 40 microfilariae/ml were in ... | 2003 | 12684759 |
| relationships between wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria counts in human blood and parasite uptake and maturation in culex pipiens, with observations on the effects of diethylcarbamazine treatment on these parameters. | this study examined relationships between blood microfilaria (mf) counts and parasite uptake and maturation in culex pipiens fed on egyptian volunteers with bancroftian filariasis. uptake of mf and production of infective larvae (l3) were more closely correlated with mf counts in finger prick blood than in venous blood. only a minority of ingested mf developed into l3. few mf were ingested, and very few l3 were produced by mosquitoes that fed on infected subjects who were amicrofilaremic by 50 m ... | 2003 | 12685631 |
| a hypodermally expressed prolyl 4-hydroxylase from the filarial nematode brugia malayi is soluble and active in the absence of protein disulfide isomerase. | the collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylase (p4h) class of enzymes catalyze the hydroxylation of prolines in the x-pro-gly repeats of collagen chains. this modification is central to the synthesis of all collagens. most p4hs are alpha(2)beta(2) tetramers with the catalytic activity residing in the alpha subunits. the beta subunits are identical to the enzyme protein disulfide isomerase. the nematode cuticle is a collagenous extracellular matrix required for maintenance of the worm body shape. examination ... | 2003 | 12417582 |
| ctla-4 in filarial infections: implications for a role in diminished t cell reactivity. | to determine the role that ctla-4 might play in mediating the diminished parasite ag-specific t cell responsiveness that is characteristically seen in filaria-infected patients, several study populations and methods were used. first, quantitative assessment of mrna expression determined that pbmc from uninfected adolescents exposed in utero to microfilarial (mf) ag demonstrated a strong up-regulation of ctla-4 to the mf stage of the parasite in contrast to that observed in cells from children bo ... | 2003 | 12574361 |
| short communication: concomitant malaria and filariasis infections in georgetown, guyana. | lymphatic filariasis and malaria are endemic in guyana, south america. to determine the prevalence of concomitant infections, we conducted a 1-year survey of febrile patients attending the malaria (day) and filariasis (night) clinics in georgetown. in all, 1278 thick blood smears were collected: 769 for filariasis, of which 103 were positive for wuchereria bancrofti, and three for both w. bancrofti and malaria parasites; and 509 for malaria, 21 of which tested positive for malaria and 17 for bot ... | 2003 | 12581439 |
| setaria cervi: in vitro released collagenases and their inhibition by wuchereria bancrofti infected sera. | in vitro released products of adult setaria cervi females, microfilariae and extracts showed considerable amounts of collagenase activity. on the basis of per mg protein released in vitro, the products of both microfilariae and adult females exhibited comparable activity but this was much higher than that of extract of microfilariae and adult females. two collagenase enzymes with molecular masses of 50 kda and 70 kda were separated using deae-sepharose cl6b and sephadex g-100 column chromatograp ... | 2003 | 12590669 |
| polymerase chain reaction-based detection of lymphatic filariasis. | pcr-based diagnostic assays are promising tools for the monitoring and evaluation of the global programme for elimination of lymphatic filariasis. sensitive and specific assays have been described for the detection of wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi, or brugia timori infection in blood, sputum, and vectors. these techniques can be most cost-effective when employed for pool screening, which is important in the later stages of control programs when infection rates of humans and vectors are low ... | 2003 | 12592557 |
| lymphatic filariasis in papua new guinea: prospects for elimination. | lymphatic filariasis is a significant public health problem in several pacific island countries. papua new guinea is one of the most populous countries in this region, and 39% of its residents are estimated to be infected with wuchereria bancrofti. the ministries of health of the 22 islands and territories in the pacific region are committed to taking action against lymphatic filariasis. accordingly, a regional collaborative effort aimed at the control of filariasis has been organized under the ... | 2003 | 12592558 |
| primed peritoneal b lymphocytes are sufficient to transfer protection against brugia pahangi infection in mice. | lymphatic filariasis is a tropical disease caused by the nematode parasites wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi. whereas the protective potential of t lymphocytes in filarial infection is well documented, investigation of the role of b lymphocytes in antifilarial immunity has been neglected. in this communication, we examine the role of b lymphocytes in antifilarial immunity, using brugia pahangi infections in the murine peritoneal cavity as a model. we find that b lymphocytes are required fo ... | 2003 | 12595454 |
| microfilaria in lung--diagnosis by fnac. | 2003 | 15022941 | |
| prevalence of bancroftian filariasis on the thai-myanmar border. | to achieve the goal of eliminating lymphatic filariasis by the year 2020, close monitoring systems and effective control strategies need to be implemented and the real disease burden needs to be assessed. bancroftian filariasis is endemic at the thai-myanmar border. however, there are only limited data on the prevalence of this disease in thailand available. we employed microscopic examination, together with elisa kits to detect w. bancrofti-specific og4c3 circulating antigen and specific anti-f ... | 2003 | 15032402 |
| filarial "dance" in breast mass. | 2003 | 14500251 | |
| report on active surveillance for adverse events following the use of drug co-administrations in the global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. | 2003 | 14518107 | |
| spatial variation of anopheles-transmitted wuchereria bancrofti and plasmodium falciparum infection densities in papua new guinea. | the spatial variation of wuchereria bancrofti and plasmodium falciparum infection densities was measured in a rural area of papua new guinea where they share anopheline vectors. the spatial correlation of w. bancrofti was found to reduce by half over an estimated distance of 1.7 km, much smaller than the 50 km grid used by the world health organization rapid mapping method. for p. falciparum, negligible spatial correlation was found. after mass treatment with anti-filarial drugs, there was negli ... | 2003 | 14525619 |
| ocular filariasis due to wuchereria bancrofti presenting as panuveitis: a case report. | to report a case of ocular filariasis due to wuchereria bancrofti manifesting as panuveitis. | 2003 | 14533034 |
| ascorbic acid is a requirement for the morphogenesis of the human filarial parasite brugia malayi. | the nematode parasites wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi, and b. timori cause a disease in humans known as lymphatic filariasis, which afflicts approximately 120 million people worldwide. the parasites enter the human host from the mosquito either as l3 or as infective larvae and subsequently differentiate through 2 molts. in this article, we show that b. malayi depends on an exogenous source of vitamin c to complete the l3 to l4 molt, a critical morphogenic step in its life cycle. brugia mala ... | 2003 | 14533709 |
| culex pipiens pipiens: characterization of immune peptides and the influence of immune activation on development of wuchereria bancrofti. | stimulating or augmenting the innate immune response of insect vectors has been shown to impede or disrupt the development and transmission of eukaryotic pathogens; however, the majority of such studies have utilized model systems and not natural parasite-vector systems. the culex pipiens complex of mosquitoes functions as a primary urban vector of wuchereria bancrofti, a causative agent of lymphatic filariasis. to test the effects of immune activation on this vector-parasite interaction, culex ... | 2003 | 14550895 |
| polymorphisms of innate immunity genes and susceptibility to lymphatic filariasis. | we examined 906 residents of an area of papua new guinea where bancroftian filariasis is endemic for genetic polymorphisms in three innate immunity genes suspected of contributing to susceptibility to infection and lymphatic pathology. active infection was confirmed by the presence of blood-borne microfilariae and circulating filarial antigen in plasma. disease was ascertained by physical examination for the presence of overt lymphedema (severe swelling of an arm or leg) or hydrocele. there was ... | 2003 | 14551607 |
| prospects for elimination of bancroftian filariasis by mass drug treatment in pondicherry, india: a simulation study. | lymfasim, a microsimulation model for transmission and control of lymphatic filariasis, was used to simulate the effects of mass treatment, in order to estimate the number of treatment rounds necessary to achieve elimination. simulations were performed for a community that represented pondicherry, india, and that had an average precontrol microfilariae (mf) prevalence of 8.5%. when ivermectin was used, 8 yearly treatment rounds with 65% population coverage gave a 99% probability of elimination. ... | 2003 | 14593597 |
| treatment of co-infection with bancroftian filariasis and onchocerciasis: a safety and efficacy study of albendazole with ivermectin compared to treatment of single infection with bancroftian filariasis. | background: in order to use a combination of ivermectin and albendazole for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis, it is important to assess the potential risk of increased adverse events in individuals infected with both lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis. we compared the safety and efficacy of albendazole (400 mg) in combination with ivermectin (150 micrograms/kg), for the treatment of co-infections of wuchereria bancrofti and onchocerca volvulus with single infection of w. bancrofti. m ... | 2003 | 14613509 |
| the prevalences of wuchereria bancrofti antigenaemia in communities given six rounds of treatment with diethylcarbamazine, ivermectin or placebo tablets. | the ict filariasis card test was used to determine the prevalences of wuchereria bancrofti antigenaemia among villagers in india. prior to the tests, those living in the 15 study villages had been treated six times, in six rounds of mass treatment (with 54%-75% coverage) spread over 6 years, with single doses of diethylcarbamazine (five villages), ivermectin (five villages) or placebo (five villages). the corresponding overall prevalences (and ranges) of filarial antigenaemia were 20.2% (13.7%-2 ... | 2003 | 14613632 |
| parasite antigenaemia and igg4 antibodies to a filarial protease in an endemic human population in india. | levels of circulating filarial antigen (og4c3) and igg4 antibodies to a filarial protease were determined in subjects of wuchereria bancrofti exposed sera from orissa, india. in addition to all individuals with antigenaemia (microfilaraemia), igg4 antibodies were also detected in some individuals without antigenaemia. a 2-year longitudinal follow-up indicated that igg4 seropositivity in asymptomatic amicrofilaraemics could be a risk factor for acquiring infection (antigenaemia). | 2003 | 14627443 |
| clinical characteristics of post-treatment reactions to ivermectin/albendazole for wuchereria bancrofti in a region co-endemic for mansonella perstans. | post-treatment reactions to single-dose ivermectin (200 microg/kg) and albendazole (400 mg) were studied in a filarial endemic region of mali. the prevalence of wuchereria bancrofti in this region was 48.3% (69 of 143), and coinfection with mansonella perstans was common (30 of 40, 75%). microfilarial levels of m. perstans correlated positively with age (p = 0.006) and with w. bancrofti microfilarial levels (p = 0.006). forty individuals (28 infected and 12 uninfected) were treated, with mild po ... | 2003 | 14628953 |
| the impact of six rounds of single-dose mass administration of diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin on the transmission of wuchereria bancrofti by culex quinquefasciatus and its implications for lymphatic filariasis elimination programmes. | lymphatic filariasis (lf) is targeted for global elimination. transmission interruption through repeated annual single-dose mass administration of anti-filarial drugs is the mainstay of the lf elimination strategy. this study examined the ability of six rounds of mass administration of diethylcarbamazine (dec) or ivermectin (ivm) to interrupt transmission of wuchereria bancrofti by culex quinquefasciatus, the predominant parasite and vector species, respectively. after six rounds of mass drug ad ... | 2003 | 14641843 |
| [the occurrence and distribution of lymphatic filariasis in greater metropolitan recife: the case of an endemic area in jaboatão dos guararapes, pernambuco, brazil]. | this article analyzes the results of an epidemiological survey on the occurrence and distribution of lymphatic filariasis in cavaleiro, a district in the city of jaboatão dos guararapes in greater metropolitan recife, pernambuco state, brazil. the district was divided into 12 areas, and a cross-sectional technique was used to examine 9,520 individuals, of whom 2.2% were found to be infected. there were positive cases in 11 of the areas. the prevalence rate ranged from 0% to 5.15%. the majority ( ... | 2003 | 14666231 |
| diethylcarbamazine induces loss of microfilarial sheath of wuchereria bancrofti. | light microscopy analyses of microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti treated with dec revealed a striking loss of the microfilarial sheath. however, no effect was observed on microfilariae of litomosoides chagasfilhoi treated with dec. for quantitative analyses microfilariae of w. bancrofti were processed for sem. controls, which have not received dec, had 29.8% of exsheathed microfilariae. conversely, the number of exsheathed microfilariae increased as increased dec concentrations: 5 microg/ml (7 ... | 2003 | 14680924 |
| impact of long-term ivermectin (mectizan) on wuchereria bancrofti and mansonella perstans infections in burkina faso: strategic and policy implications. | parasitological and clinical surveys were used to determine the long-term impact of ivermectin on the prevalence of wuchereria bancrofti and mansonella perstans filarial infections, when the drug was given under community-directed-treatment strategies for onchocerciasis control. the study was undertaken in 11 communities in south-western burkina faso. six of the villages investigated had been treated with ivermectin at least once a year for five of 6 years, with a mean coverage of approximately ... | 2003 | 14754495 |
| microfilarial periodicity of wuchereria bancrofti in vanuatu. | a study on the relationship between the microfilarial periodicity of wuchereria bancrofti and vector biting activity was carried out in penama province, vanuatu from february to april 1999, to enable the design of a more efficient strategy to control filariasis transmission. the microfilarial periodicities of 22 w. bancrofti antigen-positive volunteers were studied. microfilariae (mf) were counted every hour for 24 h for 6 volunteers and every hour for 12 h (from 18:00 to 06:00) for 16 volunteer ... | 2003 | 15307409 |
| pathogenesis of filarial hydrocele: risk associated with intrascrotal nodules caused by death of adult wuchereria bancrofti. | although testicular hydrocele is the most common clinical manifestation of bancroftian filariasis, its pathogenesis is poorly understood, as is its relationship to inflammatory scrotal nodules following death of adult wuchereria bancrofti. between 1994 and 1998, we prospectively determined the incidence and clinical evolution of nodule-associated acute hydrocele in men attending 2 outpatient clinics in recife, brazil who were infected with w. bancrofti, had living adult worms detectable by ultra ... | 2003 | 15307427 |
| comparative assessment of an og4c3 elisa and an ict filariasis test: a study of myanmar migrants in thailand. | detection of circulating filarial antigen has now emerged as an alternative method for the diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis. we compared two antigen detection assays, an og4c3 elisa and an ict (immunochromatography) filariasis test, for the diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti infections in migrant myanmar workers in tak province, western thailand. a total of 337 myanmars participated in this study. the microfilarial rate was 3.3%. the og4c3 elisa could detect 19.1% of bancroftian filariasis whi ... | 2003 | 15198343 |
| age-dependent prevalence of asymptomatic amicrofilaraemic individuals in a wuchereria bancrofti-endemic region of india. | the age-related prevalence of asymptomatic amicrofilaraemics, apparently uninfected individuals, was determined in a wuchereria bancrofti-endemic region of orissa, india during 2001. the prevalence of these uninfected individuals was highest in the younger age groups (aged < or = 15 years), decreased rapidly in those aged > 15 to 40 years, and then stabilized in those aged > 40 years. | 2003 | 15228245 |
| treatment of microfilaraemics with dec and its effect on vector infection and infectivity in tribal and non-tribal areas of bankura district, west bengal, india. | single course dec treatment (6 mg/kg body weight/day for 12 days) was administered to 66 tribal and 442 non-tribal microfilaria (mf) carriers detected through a filariasis survey in bankura district, west bengal, india. all the mf carriers remained amicrofilaraemic on 22nd, 180th and 365th post-treatment day. as a result of dec treatment to the mf carriers, vector (culex quinquefasciatus) infection rate in tribal study areas reduced from 2.06% to 1.07%. infectivity rate was "nil" both before and ... | 2003 | 15239303 |
| presence of wolbachia endosymbionts in microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti (spirurida: onchocercidae) from different geographical regions in india. | in view of the recent discovery of rickettsial endosymbionts, wolbachia in lymphatic filarial parasites, wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi and subsequently of their vital role in the survival and development of the latter, antibiotics such as tetracycline are being suggested for the treatment of lymphatic filariasis, by way of eliminating the endosymbiont. but, it is essential to assess their presence in parasites from areas endemic for lymphatic filariasis before such a new control tool is ... | 2003 | 15049082 |
| aplastic anaemia following varicella infection with coexistent microfilaremia of wuchereria bancrofti--a case report. | filariasis is a common public health problem in various regions of indian subcontinent. there are many reports describing detection of microfilaria in different organ systems. there are limited number of reports available describing the presence of microfilaria in bone marrow. here we report a young patient who developed aplastic anaemia following varicella infection. peripheral blood and bone marrow showed many microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti. there are no reports describing this unique c ... | 2003 | 15025373 |
| [prevalence of bancroftian filariasis in seven villages of the bonassama health district in the wouri estuary, littoral province of cameroon]. | lymphatic filariasis is one of the 6 diseases targeted for global eradication by the world health organization. in 2000 cameroon was selected for inclusion in the eradication program. as a prerequisite for the program, epidemiological mapping was undertaken to determine the prevalence of wuchereria bancrofti in 7 villages located in the mangrove area of the wouri estuary littoral province of cameroon. informed consent was obtained from each participant or from parents of minors. night blood spec ... | 2003 | 15077419 |
| wuchereria bancrofti antigenemia clearance among myanmar migrants after biannual mass treatments with diethylcarbamazine, 300 mg oral-dose filadec tablet, in southern thailand. | using qualitative ict filariasis and quantitative og4c3 elisa, we assessed a long-term macrofilaricidal effect of two-year biannual mass treatments with a 300 mg oral-dose filadec tablet, a reformulation of 6 mg/kg diethylcarbamazine (dec), on clearance of the wuchereria bancrofti adult worm circulating filarial antigens (cfa) in myanmar migrants, at risk of emergence of imported bancroftian filariasis in southern thailand. of the 34 antigenemic myanmar index cases of varying initial cfa levels, ... | 2003 | 15115084 |
| dance of live adult filarial worms is a reliable sign of scrotal filarial infection. | to determine the value of the filarial dance sign as a diagnostic sign of scrotal filarial infection and to recognize unsuspected scrotal filariasis by this sign. | 2003 | 12901402 |
| characterization of antibody responses to wolbachia surface protein in humans with lymphatic filariasis. | symbiotic wolbachia organisms of filarial nematodes have received much attention as possible chemotherapy targets and disease-causing organisms. in order to further investigate the association between anti-wolbachia immune responses and chronic filarial disease in humans, antibody responses to wolbachia surface protein (wsp) were assayed in serum samples collected from 232 individuals living in leogane, haiti, an area where wuchereria bancrofti infection is endemic, and from 67 north americans w ... | 2003 | 12933853 |
| influence of maternal filariasis on childhood infection and immunity to wuchereria bancrofti in kenya. | to determine whether maternal filariasis influences the risk of infection by and immunity to wuchereria bancrofti in children, we performed a cross-sectional study in an area of kenya where filariasis is endemic. residents of 211 households were enrolled; 376 parents and 938 of their offspring between the ages of 2 and 17 years were examined for filarial infection status as determined by blood-borne microfilariae and filarial antigenemia. children of infected mothers had a three- to fourfold inc ... | 2003 | 12933869 |
| bancroftian filariasis in nepal: a survey for circulating antigenemia of wuchereria bancrofti and urinary igg4 antibody in two rural areas of nepal. | serum and urine samples were randomly collected from residents in two rural areas at different altitudes in nepal, and were examined for wuchereria bancrofti antigens and antibodies (igg4) to filarial antigens, respectively. in judigaun, located at 900 m in altitude, 25.2% of 238 serum samples were positive for antigen, and 50.8% of 244 urine samples were positive for antibody. the level of igg4 antibodies was higher among antigen positive individuals than among the antigen negatives. in kotyang ... | 2003 | 12943971 |
| detection of codon for amino acid 200 in isotype 1 beta-tubulin gene of wuchereria bancrofti isolates, implicated in resistance to benzimidazoles in other nematodes. | albendazole, anthelmintic benzimidazole (bz) is being co-administered with an antifilarial drug, diethylcarbamazine (dec), in lymphatic filariasis (lf) elimination programmes. but this drug is known to result in the faster development of drug resistance and hence it is necessary to monitor drug sensitivity among populations of wuchereria bancrofti. in vitro toxicity assays to detect drug sensitivity are not available for this parasite and hence alternative techniques such as pcr assays need to b ... | 2003 | 12943980 |
| filariasis elimination in egypt: impact of low microfilaraemics as sources of infection for mosquitoes. | the elimination strategy for lymphatic filariasis aims at reducing blood microfilaraemia to levels at which vector transmission cannot be sustained. we aimed to determine whether patients with pre-treatment low or ultra-low microfilaria (mf) counts could be a reservoir of infection after mass drug administration (mda) with a combined regimen. laboratory-reared mosquitoes were fed on 30 volunteers after 2 rounds of mda. microfilaria uptake, infectivity rates and number of wuchereria bancrofti l3 ... | 2003 | 15748083 |
| chemotherapy for lymphatic filariasis: progress but not perfection. | currently, only three drugs are used to control and treat the mosquito-borne parasitic disease lymphatic filariasis: diethylcarbamazine, ivermectin (mectizan) and albendazole (zentel). all interrupt transmission by eliminating microfilaria, the parasite stage that is responsible for transmission between hosts, but do not reliably kill the adult worms that are responsible for much of the pathology seen in the disease. there is an urgent need to develop drugs that will reliably kill adult worms an ... | 2003 | 15482154 |
| microscopic haematuria as an occult filarial infection in bhubaneshwar an endemic area for bancroftian filariasis. | sera samples of 7 microscopic haematuria cases collected before and after treatment with diethylcarbamazine citrate, (dec), 9 microfilaraemic cases and 19 endemic normal individuals were analysed for filarial antigen and igg antibody levels. filarial antigen was detected in 5 of the 7 microscopic haematuria cases, of which 3 turned negative for antigen after treatment with dec. while none of the 7 haematuria cases were positive for filarial igg antibodies, before the dec treatment, all of them t ... | 2003 | 23105372 |
| evaluation of crude antigen of dirofilaria immitis third-stage larva for detection of antibody against wuchereria bancrofti infection by indirect elisa. | dirofilaria immitis is an important heart worm in dogs. an immunodiagnostic test is frequently applied to use an alternative antigen from other parasites. a crude antigen from infective third stage larva (l3) of d. immitis was employed in detecting the antibody to bancroftian filariasis in humans by indirect elisa. it was shown that 25 cases of bancroftian filariasis (76%) at a cut-off value of 0.230, were positive. cross-reactivity was tested using available sera of other helminthic infections. ... | 2003 | 19230575 |
| reliable and frequent detection of adult wuchereria bancrofti in ghanaian women by ultrasonography. | detection of adult wuchereria bancrofti by ultrasonography of the scrotal region in men is a suitable diagnostic tool for lymphatic filariasis, whereas there are only a few case reports of adult filariae observed by ultrasonography in women. we examined 35 microfilaraemic women ultrasonographically in sites of the body suspected as locations for worm nests. in 15 women the 'filaria dance sign' (fds) was detected in various locations, some being novel, such as adult worms within lymphatic vessels ... | 2004 | 15482404 |
| assessment of disease and infection of lymphatic filariasis in northeastern cambodia. | we assessed the filariasis disease burden in four northeastern provinces of cambodia by using and validating a key-informant questionnaire, consisting of four questions, with pictures of patients with leg elephantiasis and hydrocoele. the questionnaire was distributed and collected through the school, health and administrative systems. validation surveys included clinical examination, a card test for w. bancrofti (ict filariasis card test, amrad) and night blood finger prick examination of patie ... | 2004 | 15482405 |
| tropical pulmonary eosinophilia: a case series in a setting of nonendemicity. | tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (tpe) is a rare but serious manifestation of infection with the lymphatic filarial parasites wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi. although endemicity is limited to the tropical and subtropical regions of africa, south america, and asia, immigration and travel practices have led to the diagnosis of tpe in areas of nonendemicity. | 2004 | 15486834 |
| factors associated with participation in a campaign of mass treatment against lymphatic filariasis, in leogane, haiti. | in october 2000, to interrupt transmission of wuchereria bancrofti, an intense health-education campaign followed by a mass drug administration (mda) with diethylcarbamazine and albendazole was undertaken in leogane, haiti. three months after the mda, which was the first in the study area, a knowledge-attitude-practice (kap) survey, with a cluster-sample design and probability sampling, was undertaken, to determine the existing knowledge of the local residents, their attitudes toward the mda, an ... | 2004 | 15509424 |
| duplex doppler sonographic assessment of the effects of diethylcarbamazine and albendazole therapy on adult filarial worms and adjacent host tissues in bancroftian filariasis. | we used duplex doppler sonography to assess effects of diethylcarbamazine and albendazole therapy (dec/alb) on adult wuchereria bancrofti in vivo. the study was performed in clinically normal egyptian adults with blood microfilaria counts > 80/ml. motile adult worms were observed before treatment in dilated scrotal lymphatic vessels in 28 of 36 men (78%) and over the proximal extremities in 5 of 22 women (23%). most worm nests were inactivated in the months following treatment (90% at 12 months) ... | 2004 | 15516645 |
| the man with "milk-shake" urine. | 2004 | 15519638 | |
| is povidone iodine an alternative to silver nitrate for renal pelvic instillation sclerotherapy in chyluria? | to compare the efficacy and toxicity of 1% silver nitrate, 0.2% povidone iodine and 50% dextrose in renal pelvic instillation sclerotherapy (rpis) for chyluria. | 2004 | 15541132 |
| observations on false positive reactions in the rapid now filariasis card test. | the now filariasis card test is a useful tool for rapid field diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti infection, based on detection of specific circulating filarial antigen (cfa) in the patients' blood. concern has been raised that a high proportion of infection negative individuals develop false positive reactions in these tests when the test cards are left for a prolonged period before being examined. we carried out a survey in an endemic tanzanian village to investigate this phenomenon. individuals ... | 2004 | 15548316 |
| meta-analysis of age-prevalence patterns in lymphatic filariasis: no decline in microfilaraemia prevalence in older age groups as predicted by models with acquired immunity. | the role of acquired immunity in lymphatic filariasis is uncertain. assuming that immunity against new infections develops gradually with accumulated experience of infection, models predict a decline in prevalence after teenage or early adulthood. a strong indication for acquired immunity was found in longitudinal data from pondicherry, india, where mf prevalence was highest around the age of 20 and declined thereafter. we reviewed published studies from india and subsaharan africa to investigat ... | 2004 | 15552405 |
| exogenous nucleosides are required for the morphogenesis of the human filarial parasite brugia malayi. | the nematode parasites wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi, and b. timori cause a human disease known as lymphatic filariasis, which afflicts approximately 120 million people worldwide. the parasites enter the human host from the mosquito as l3 or infective larvae and subsequently differentiate through 2 molts. in this communication, i report that b. malayi and b. pahangi depend on an exogenous source of at least 1 purine and 1 pyrimidine nucleoside to complete the l3 to l4 molt. the requirement ... | 2004 | 15562627 |
| [an unusual testicular torsion in a teenager]. | 2004 | 15567961 | |
| geographic distribution of lymphatic filariasis in haiti. | although lymphatic filariasis is known to have been endemic in haiti since at least the mid 1700s, a national filariasis survey has never been conducted. as a first step in the national program to eliminate filariasis, we collected blood in january-april 2001 from 50-250 school children (6-11 years old) in all 133 communes of the country using an adaptation of the lot quality assurance sampling method. of 22,365 children tested, 901 (4.0%) were positive for circulating wuchereria bancrofti antig ... | 2004 | 15569791 |
| bancroftian filariasis: spatial patterns, environmental correlates and landscape predictors of disease risk. | lymphatic filariasis has been identified as the second leading cause of permanent and long-term disability. this article is an attempt to discuss the disease spatial context in light of current interest in gis and satellite remote sensing. field validation of outputs obtained through the application of these technologies in the nile delta, egypt is also summarized. | 2004 | 15287173 |
| a baseline study of rural bancroftian filariasis in southern india. | night mass blood surveys were carried out for parasitological evidence of bancroftian filariasis in 45 rural areas belonging to 9 national filaria control program (nfcp) zones of east godavari and west godavari districts of andhra pradesh, india during the period 1998 to 2001. mf prevalence range between 2.9 to 10.2%, and mf intensities in 20 mm3 blood samples ranged from 1-281. the present study explains the trend of microfilaria dynamics in the rural population, where mass drug delivery has be ... | 2004 | 15689070 |
| evaluation of a single oral dose of diethylcarbamazine 300 mg as provocative test and simultaneous treatment in myanmar migrant workers with wuchereria bancrofti infection in thailand. | we assessed the efficiency of oral diethylcarbamazine (dec) 300 mg as a provocative test on blood examination 30 minutes after administration, while gauging the overall infection rate in myanmar migrant workers with wuchereria bancrofti infection who enrolled for work permits in thailand in 2002, using circulating filarial antigens (cfa) assays, the now ict filariasis card test and the og4c3 elisa as reference. overall infection rates of 0.3% (95% ci=0-0.7%), 4.2% (95% ci=1.8-6.5%) and 5.9% (95% ... | 2004 | 15689072 |
| the relative attractiveness of carbon dioxide and octenol in cdc- and evs-type light traps for sampling the mosquitoes aedes aegypti (l.), aedes polynesiensis marks, and culex quinquefasciatus say in moorea, french polynesia. | two dominant day-biting pests and vector species on the island of moorea in french polynesia are aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (l.) and aedes (stegomyia) polynesiensis marks, major vectors of dengue viruses and wuchereria bancrofti, respectively. their surveillance is hindered by a relative lack of attraction to light traps, necessitating the undesirable use of human bait collections with the inherent risks of pathogen transmission. the effectiveness of cdc- and evs-type light traps baited with olfa ... | 2004 | 15707289 |
| rapid detection of wuchereria bancrofti in mosquitoes by lightcycler polymerase chain reaction and melting curve analysis. | a lightcycler real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed to detect wuchereria bancrofti dna in blood-fed mosquitoes. the assay is based on fluorescence melting curve analysis of the pcr product generated from a family of repeated dna elements: the 182 bp sspi repeat, specific to the genus wuchereria. according to the melting temperature, w. bancrofti infected-mosquitoes were differentiated from brugia malayi-infected and non-infected mosquitoes as well as from genomic dna of d ... | 2004 | 15449180 |
| multisystem involvement of microfilaria in a hiv positive patient. | a 35-year-old hiv positive male presented with dyspnoea and chest pain was diagnosed having acute pericardial and pleural effusion. microfilaria was detected from blood as well as from the pericardial and pleural fluid and from urine. cd4 count was 123 cells microl. the patient was receiving treatment with antiretroviral therapy and cotrimoxazole for last 4 months. the patient had no opportunistic infection and no symptoms suggestive of filarial infection in the past. this is for the first time ... | 2004 | 15449660 |
| homologs of the brugia malayi diagnostic antigen bmr1 are present in other filarial parasites but induce different humoral immune responses. | background: the recombinant antigen bmr1 has been extensively employed in both elisa and immunochromatographic rapid dipstick (brugia rapid) formats for the specific and sensitive detection of igg4 antibodies against the lymphatic filarial parasites brugia malayi and brugia timori. in sera of individuals infected with wuchereria bancrofti the igg4 reactivity to bmr1 is variable, and cross-reactivity of sera from individuals infected with onchocerca volvulus or loa loa was observed only in single ... | 2004 | 15627400 |
| genetic determinism of parasitic circadian periodicity and subperiodicity in human lymphatic filariasis. | the larval parasites of the pantropical lymphatic filariasis exhibit two types of circadian behaviour. typically, they only appear in the human bloodstream at nighttime, synchronised with their mosquito vectors. in polynesia and parts of southeast asia, free of nocturnal vectors, they are found at all hours, and each population biorhythm differs. through a geometrical approach, we explain this circadian diversity by a single, dominant mutation: the clocks of individual parasites are set at midni ... | 2004 | 15656351 |
| bancroftian filariasis in 12 villages in kwale district, coast province, kenya - variation in clinical and parasitological patterns. | as part of a larger study on the effects of permethrin-impregnated bednets on the transmission of wuchereria bancrofti, subjects from 12 villages in the coastal province of kenya, south of mombasa, were investigated. the aims were to update the epidemiological data and elucidate the spatial distribution of w. bancrofti infection. samples of night blood from all the villagers aged i 1 year were checked for the parasite, and all the adult villagers (aged >/= 15 years) were clinically examined for ... | 2004 | 15667713 |
| rotational application of bioinsecticide with deltamethrin-an antilarval measure for the control of filarial vector, culex quinquefasciatus (culicidae: diptera). | a laboratory investigation was undertaken to study the cyclic usage of field recommended doses of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bti), bacillus sphaericus (bsp) and combination of bti and bsp (half the recommended dose of each) with deltamethrin 2.8 ec to attain better control of mosquito larvae. to understand the susceptibility status of the culex quinquefasciatus larvae in the field, early fourth instar field collected larvae were exposed to the above treatments of biopesticides and were ... | 2004 | 15907070 |
| a focus of lymphatic filariasis in a tea garden worker community of central assam. | a survey for lymphatic filariasis was conducted among tea garden workers of central assam. of the 656 night blood samples examined, 31 were found positive for wuchereria bancrofti parasite (microfilaria rate 4.7%). microfilaria rate was higher in male (7.3%) than females (2.1%). culex quinquefasciatus was incriminated as vector mosquito. | 2004 | 15907073 |
| microfilaria in cervical smear. | 2004 | 15763820 | |
| microfilaria in hydrocele fluid cytology. | filariasis, a parasitic infection endemic in parts of india, myanmar, islands of the south pacific, west and east africa and saudi arabia can be diagnosed from various types of cytopathological specimens. this case documents the detection of filarial infection from hydrocele fluid cytology in a 30-year-old myanmar migrant worker in malaysia. | 2004 | 16329565 |
| gravid adult filarial worm in fine needle breast aspirate masquerading as carcinoma. | 2004 | 16295411 | |
| microfilaria of wuchereria bancrofti in cervicovaginal smear. | 2004 | 16295412 | |
| tolerability and efficacy of single dose diethylcarbamazine (dec) alone or co-administration with ivermectin in the clearance of wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia in pondicherry, south india. | the tolerability and efficacy of single dose dec (12mg/kg body weight) or co-administration of dec (6mg/kg body weight) with ivermectin (200 or 400 mcg/kg of body weight) was studied in 60 asymptomatic w. bancrofti microfilariae (mf) carriers following a double blind randomized design. the drugs were tolerated well. the incidence of adverse reactions of dec (85.0%), dec + ivermectin 200mcg (95.0%) and dec + ivermectin 400mcg (100%) did not vary significantly (p>0.05). the mean score of adverse r ... | 2004 | 16506546 |
| comparison of an immunochromatographic card test with night blood smear examination for detection of wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria carriers. | at present, two diagnostic tests--og4c3 elisa and an immunochromatographic card test (ict)--are available to detect circulating filarial antigens of wuchereria bancrofti in serum/whole blood samples collected during the day. we aimed to assess the sensitivity of the new format card test 'now ict filariasis' in detecting microfilaria carriers of w. bancrofti in comparison with conventional microscopic techniques and og4c3 elisa. | 2004 | 15736550 |
| spatial clustering of filarial transmission before and after a mass drug administration in a setting of low infection prevalence. | background: in the global program for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis (lf) longitudinal assessment of the prevalence of microfilaremia and antigenemia is recommended to monitor the effect of mass treatment on transmission. additional monitoring tools such as entomologic and antibody methods may be useful in identifying residual foci of infection. in this study, we characterized serologic markers of infection and exposure spatially both before and after mass treatment, in an area of initi ... | 2004 | 15128461 |
| human toxocariasis: frequency of anti-toxocara antibodies in children and adolescents from an outpatient clinic for lymphatic filariasis in recife, northeast brazil. | in a transversal study on a sample of 386 children and adolescents from an outpatient clinic for filariasis in recife, northeast brazil, the frequency of anti-toxocara antibodies and its relation to age, gender, number of peripheral eosinophils, wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae and intestinal helminths was determined. the total anti-toxocara igg antibody frequency was 39.4%, by elisa technique. the difference in frequency between males (40.1%) and females (37.6%) was not statistically signific ... | 2004 | 15141276 |