Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| culex pipiens as a potential vector for transmission of dirofilaria immitis and other unclassified filarioidea in southwest spain. | dirofilaria immitis is one of the most frequently detected mosquito-transmitted zoonotic filarioid nematode in mammals in europe, being canine dirofilariosis a major animal health problem, endemic in the mediterranean area. this study, focused on southwest spain, in order to bring new insights into (i) the epidemiology of dirofilaria spp., (ii) the species of culicid vectors possibly involved in their transmission and (iii) the genetic variability of those potential vectors. a total of 881 adult ... | 2016 | 27198797 |
| glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and galectin from dirofilaria immitis participate in heartworm disease endarteritis via plasminogen/plasmin system. | the interaction between parasitic protozoa and helminths, both in the blood and in tissues and the fibrinolytic system of their hosts is usually considered as a survival parasite mechanism since this system is the physiological route responsible for degrading fibrin clots. the broad-range proteolytic activity of plasmin, the final enzyme of the route, implies that its recruitment by these parasites is an important mechanism that mediates their invasion and establishment in the hosts. however, re ... | 2016 | 27198784 |
| first molecular identification of dirofilaria spp. (onchocercidae) in mosquitoes from serbia. | dirofilariosis is a common and widespread veterinary health issue in several european countries with notable zoonotic potential. the causative agents are dirofilaria immitis and dirofilaria repens nematoda species which are transmitted by different mosquito vectors. similar to other mosquito-borne infections, the knowledge about mosquito species involved in disease transmission is crucial for the complex understanding of local transmission cycles. since there is no available data on mosquito spe ... | 2016 | 27193348 |
| interaction of macrocyclic lactones with a dirofilaria immitis p-glycoprotein. | dirofilaria immitis, a filarial nematode, causes dirofilariasis or heartworm disease in dogs, cats and wild canids. effective prevention of the disease is mainly by the use of the macrocyclic lactone class of drugs as heartworm preventives, and no other class of drugs is effective for preventing infection. macrocyclic lactones have been used for prevention of heartworm infection for more than 26years. however, prevention has been compromised by the development of resistance in recent years. the ... | 2016 | 27172882 |
| detection of dirofilaria repens and dirofilaria immitis dna in mosquitoes from belarus. | during the last two decades, belarus faces an increase of human cases of dirofilaria (nematoda, spirurida, onchocercidae) infections. however, comprehensive analyses explaining this development and the identification of mosquito vector species are missing. here, we present results using temperature data from belarus and show that the annual number of human dirofilaria cases is significantly correlated with the yearly average temperatures (spearman's rho = 0.49, p < 0.05) and the average sum of p ... | 2016 | 27169723 |
| abc-b transporter genes in dirofilaria immitis. | dirofilaria immitis is a filarial nematode causing infection and heartworm disease in dogs and other canids, cats, and occasionally in humans. prevention with macrocyclic lactones (ml) is recommended during the mosquito transmission season. recently, ml resistance has been reported. abc-b transporter genes are thought to be involved in the mechanism of ml resistance in other nematodes. this study aimed to identify all the abc-b transporter genes in d. immitis using as a reference the ndi.2.2 d. ... | 2016 | 27164440 |
| vector-borne infections in tornado-displaced and owner-relinquished dogs in oklahoma, usa. | to determine the prevalence of infection with vector-borne agents in a cross-section of dogs from oklahoma, where canine vector-borne diseases are common, blood samples were evaluated through serology and molecular analysis. antibodies reactive to ehrlichia spp., rickettsia rickettsii, r. montanensis, and "r. amblyommii" were detected in 10.5% (11/105), 74.3% (78/105), 58.1% (61/105), and 55.2% (58/105) of dogs, respectively. presence of spotted fever group rickettsia spp. dna was identified in ... | 2016 | 27119261 |
| influence of parasitism in dogs on their serum levels of persistent organochlorine compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. | persistent organochlorine pollutants (pops) are toxic chemicals, which accumulate in humans and animals, as only few species have the capability of eliminating them. however, some authors have pointed to the possibility that certain species of invertebrates (i.e. nematodes) could metabolize this type of compounds. as certain species of nematodes act as parasites of vertebrates, this research was designed to explore the influence of some of the most common parasites of the dogs in their serum lev ... | 2016 | 27096633 |
| man's best friend: how humans can develop dirofilaria immitis infections. | canine heartworm, dirofilaria immitis, is a nematode parasite that infects dogs by way of mosquito bite. rarely, humans play accidental hosts to this parasite and are not a suitable environment for the nematode to live. as the parasite dies in the pulmonary vessels it embolizes the vessels causing infarction and eventual nodule formation in the lungs. in the right clinical context, a nodule can be considered malignant prompting invasive tissue sampling. we describe a case of a 48-year-old man wh ... | 2016 | 27077028 |
| occult dirofilariosis in dogs of north eastern region in india. | the north eastern region in india is endemic for canine heartworm disease but in clinics accurate diagnosis is some times difficult. the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of occult infections for heartworm disease in canine in two geographical regions of north eastern india. | 2016 | 27047976 |
| a rare case of human pulmonary dirofilariasis with a growing pulmonary nodule after migrating infiltration shadows, mimicking primary lung carcinoma. | pulmonary dirofilariasis is a rare pulmonary parasitic infection by the nematode dirofilaria immitis. it is characterized by an asymptomatic pulmonary nodule usually seen on chest x-ray. the differential diagnosis of pulmonary dirofilariasis includes other pulmonary diseases, primary lung carcinoma and metastatic lung tumor. | 2016 | 27015012 |
| association between positive canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis) antigen results and presence of acanthocheilonema odendhali microfilaria in california sea lions (zalophus californianus). | this study establishes a relationship between positive canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis) test results frequently observed in california sea lions (zalophus californianus) and infection with the filarid nematode acanthocheilonema odendhali. four commercially available canine heartworm antigen tests were evaluated for cross-reaction with a. odendhali in california sea lions. sera were tested from fifteen california sea lions with a. odendhali-associated microfilaremia, confirmed by blood smea ... | 2016 | 27010261 |
| retrospective study on the distribution of dirofilaria immitis in dogs in hungary. | europe has experienced the spreading of vector-borne helminths including heartworms (dirofilaria immitis) from the mediterranean countries towards the northern ones in the past decades. recently, the establishment of d. immitis was confirmed in hungary on the basis of period prevalence studies involving dogs, red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and golden jackals (canis aureus). the aim of our retrospective study was to describe the spatial distribution of the parasite and the time course of spreading of ... | 2016 | 26995726 |
| morphological and molecular detection of canine dirofilarial species of veterinary and medical importance in morogoro municipality, tanzania. | a descriptive cross-sectional survey of dirofilaria infections in dogs was carried out from january to march 2015 in morogoro municipality, tanzania. one hundred and fifty two blood samples were collected from healthy dogs aged more than 6 months living in different areas of morogoro, and analyzed by modified knott's technique for circulating microfilariae. microfilaraemic samples were further analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and pcr products were sequenced for molecular identificatio ... | 2016 | 26995713 |
| a homemade snare: an alternative method for mechanical removal of dirofilaria immitis in dogs. | canine dirofilariosis is a life-threatening parasitic disease that is increasingly reported worldwide. once diagnosed the main treatment goals are to improve the animal's clinical condition and to eliminate all life stages of the parasite with minimal posttreatment side effects. this can be achieved through mechanical, surgical, or chemotherapeutical approaches. currently, manual extraction is the preferred method to remove adult heartworms due to its diminished invasiveness, reduced damage to t ... | 2016 | 26981316 |
| toxoplasma gondii, dirofilaria immitis, feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), and feline leukemia virus (felv) infections in stray and pet cats (felis catus) in northwest china: co-infections and risk factors. | this study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii, dirofilaria immitis, feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), and feline leukemia virus (felv) infections among stray and pet cats in lanzhou, northwest china, and to identify the influence of age, gender, and regions on seropositivity. t. gondii antibodies were examined in cat sera by the modified agglutination test (mat). the circulating antigens of d. immitis and felv and specific antibodies to fiv were examined using kits ... | 2016 | 26362646 |
| forecasting united states heartworm dirofilaria immitis prevalence in dogs. | this paper forecasts next year's canine heartworm prevalence in the united states from 16 climate, geographic and societal factors. the forecast's construction and an assessment of its performance are described. | 2016 | 27724981 |
| high insecticides resistance in culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae) from tehran, capital of iran. | during recent years transmission of dirofilaria immitis (dog heart worm) by culex pipiens and west nile virus have been reported from iran. the present study was preformed for evaluating the susceptibility status of cx. pipiens collected from capital city of tehran, iran. | 2016 | 28032100 |
| finding wolbachia in filarial larvae and culicidae mosquitoes in upper egypt governorate. | wolbachia is an obligatory intracellular endosymbiotic bacterium, present in over 20% of all insects altering insect reproductive capabilities and in a wide range of filarial worms which is essential for worm survival and reproduction. in egypt, no available data were found about wolbachia searching for it in either mosquitoes or filarial worms. thus, we aimed to identify the possible concurrent presence of wolbachia within different mosquitoes and filarial parasites, in assiut governorate, egyp ... | 2016 | 27417080 |
| circulation of dirofilaria repens and dirofilaria immitis in moldova. | over the last two decades, a significant spread of dirofilariasis has been observed in eastern and central europe. however, data on the circulation of dirofilaria spp. in moldova were absent although direct neighbor states reported high incidence rates of human dirofilariasis. | 2016 | 27912786 |
| efficacy of four commercially available heartworm preventive products against the jyd-34 laboratory strain of dirofilaria immitis. | heartworm disease in dogs can be severe and life threatening. resistance to available heartworm preventives was considered among potential causes of increased reports of failed heartworm prevention in dogs. the objective of the present study was to compare the efficacy of four commercially available heartworm disease preventives against the jyd-34 strain of d. immitis. | 2016 | 27044379 |
| protection of dogs against canine heartworm infection 28 days after four monthly treatments with advantage multi® for dogs. | monthly heartworm preventives are designed to protect dogs by killing heartworms acquired the month prior to their administration, and after treatment with most products, the drug levels rapidly dissipate to very low levels. work with advantage multi® for dogs (imidacloprid + moxidectin) topical solution showed protection against hookworm infection throughout the month after administration of several monthly doses suggesting that similar protection might occur with heartworms. this study assesse ... | 2016 | 26746229 |
| serological and molecular detection of dirofilaria species in stray dogs and investigation of wolbachia dna by pcr in turkey. | dirofilaria immitis and dirofilaria repens are the most common species of filarial nematodes described in the dogs. a single-step multiplex pcr was applied to detect and differentiate simultaneously and unequivocally d. immitis and d. repens on dna extracted from canine peripheral blood and besides to detect the seroprevalance of d. immitis by elisa in elazig province, turkey. a pcr detection of the wolbachia, which plays an important role in d. immitis biology and contributes to the inflammator ... | 2016 | 28032096 |
| canine vector-borne pathogens in semi-domesticated dogs residing in northern cambodia. | in southeast asia, the canine vector-borne pathogens babesia spp., ehrlichia canis, anaplasma platys, hepatozoon canis, haemotropic mycoplasmas and dirofilaria immitis cause significant morbidity and mortality in dogs. moreover, dogs have also been implicated as natural reservoirs for rickettsia felis, the agent of flea-borne spotted fever, increasingly implicated as a cause of undifferentiated fever in humans in southeast asia. the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and div ... | 2016 | 27161452 |
| mosquito-borne heartworm dirofilaria immitis in dogs from australia. | heartworm (dirofilaria immitis) in dogs is considered endemic in australia, but the clinical heartworm disease caused by the heartworm is rare and prevalence is low. the mainstream prevention of the heartworm is based on macrocyclic lactone (ml) administration. the aim of this study was to confirm endemism of the heartworm under current australian conditions using a cohort of recent microfilaria-positive dogs which were on variable heartworm prevention. | 2016 | 27717406 |
| role of golden jackals (canis aureus) as natural reservoirs of dirofilaria spp. in romania. | dirofilaria immitis and dirofilaria repens are mosquito-transmitted zoonotic nematodes, causing heartworm disease and skin lesions, respectively, in carnivores. in europe, the domestic dog is apparently the main definitive host, but patent infections occur also in other species of carnivores. the rapid spread of the golden jackals (canis aureus) throughout europe opens a question of involvement of this species in the sylvatic cycle of pathogens in the colonised territories, including dirofilaria ... | 2016 | 27121617 |
| dirofilaria infections in dogs in different areas of greece. | the nematodes dirofilaria immitis and d. repens are enzootic in greece. in the light of evidence of dirofilariosis spreading to new areas around the world, the aim of the present study was to update and enrich the current knowledge on the prevalence of dirofilaria infections in dogs in greece, to assess the risk factors of heartworm infection, and to initiate the drawing of the epizootiological map of canine dirofilariosis, investigating dirofilaria infections in five locations along the north-s ... | 2016 | 27646111 |
| filarioids infecting dogs in northeastern brazil. | species of filarial nematodes belonging to the genera dirofilaria and acanthocheilonema are recognised as common parasites of dogs throughout the world. recently, other filarioids featured by the presence of dermal microfilariae (e.g., onchocerca lupi and cercopithifilaria spp.) have been recognised in europe. in brazil, reports of filarioids in dogs are limited to dirofilaria immitis, acanthocheilonema reconditum and cercopithifilaria bainae. to investigate the distribution of filarial infectio ... | 2016 | 27514878 |
| vector-borne pathogens in dogs and red foxes from the federal state of brandenburg, germany. | dirofilaria repens is endemic in eastern and southern european regions but was recently found in germany in dogs, mosquitoes and one human patient. since some of the positive dog and mosquito samples were collected in brandenburg, it was aimed to systematically assess the prevalence of d. repens and other canine vector-borne pathogens in brandenburg. dog owners also received a questionnaire and were asked to provide more information about the dogs including travel history. in total, 1023 dog blo ... | 2016 | 27270389 |
| molecular detection of leishmania infantum, filariae and wolbachia spp. in dogs from southern portugal. | leishmaniosis caused by the protozoan leishmania infantum and dirofilariosis caused by the nematodes dirofilaria immitis or dirofilaria repens are vector-borne zoonoses widely present in the mediterranean basin. in addition, some studies reported that the endosymbiont wolbachia spp. play a role in the biology and pathogenesis of filarial parasites. the aim of this work was to evaluate the frequency of mono- and co-infections by l. infantum, filariae and wolbachia spp. and their association with ... | 2016 | 27160085 |
| canine filarial infections in liguria, north-west italy. | this paper reports the findings of a study on the presence of various species of filarial nematodes in dogs in liguria, north-west italy, a region traditionally considered free from the disease. between 2009 and 2012 blood samples were taken from 365 dogs in rural areas in liguria. the blood samples were then submitted to knott's test, histochemical staining, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for dirofilaria immitis antigens. overall, 35 of the 365 ... | 2016 | 25758206 |
| molecular evidence of spotted fever group rickettsiae and anaplasmataceae from ticks and stray dogs in bangladesh. | emerging tick-borne diseases (tbds) are important foci for human and animal health worldwide. however, these diseases are sometimes over looked, especially in countries with limited resources to perform molecular-based surveys. the aim of this study was to detect and characterize spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae and anaplasmataceae in bangladesh, which are important tick-borne pathogens for humans and animals worldwide. a total of 50 canine blood samples, 15 ticks collected from dogs, and 1 ... | 2016 | 26573516 |
| prevalence of vector-borne pathogens in dogs from haiti. | canine vector-borne pathogens are common on some caribbean islands, but survey data in haiti are lacking. to determine the prevalence of selected vector-borne pathogens in dogs from haiti, we tested blood samples collected from 210 owned dogs, 28 (13.3%) of which were infested with rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks at the time of blood collection. no other tick species were identified on these dogs. a commercially available elisa identified antibodies to ehrlichia spp. in 69 (32.9%), antibodies to ... | 2016 | 27270383 |
| vector-borne diseases in stray dogs in peninsular malaysia and molecular detection of anaplasma and ehrlichia spp. from rhipicephalus sanguineus (acari: ixodidae) ticks. | little data are available on the prevalence and transmission of vector-borne diseases in stray dogs in peninsular malaysia. this study was designed to determine the occurrence of vector-borne pathogens in malaysian stray dogs using serological and molecular approaches. in total, 48 dog blood samples were subjected to serological analysis using snap 4dx kit (idexx laboratories, westbrook, me). the presence of ehrlichia and anaplasma dna in the dog blood samples and rhipicephalus sanguineus (latre ... | 2016 | 26494821 |
| parasites and vector-borne pathogens in client-owned dogs in albania. blood pathogens and seroprevalences of parasitic and other infectious agents. | knowledge on the epidemiology of parasitic and vector-borne infections is still very limited for albania, a country located in the balkan peninsula in southeast europe. recent publications indicated prevalence rates of up to 52% for vector-borne infections in less-cared dogs in albania. to provide data on the epidemiological situation in dogs under veterinary care, a total of 602 client-owned dogs presented to four small animal clinics between march 2010 and april 2011 in tirana, albania, were s ... | 2016 | 26453093 |
| red fox (vulpes vulpes) as a potential reservoir host of cardiorespiratory parasites in bosnia and herzegovina. | red fox (vulpes vulpes) is considered as reservoir of different cardiorespiratory parasites of veterinary and medical importance. since data on cardiorespiratory parasites in foxes in bosnia and herzegovina are still lacking, the aims of the present study were to (i) investigate the prevalence and geographical distribution of these parasites, (ii) determine genetic diversity of detected parasite species, and (iii) to estimate the role of foxes in the transmission cycle to companion animals and h ... | 2016 | 27198779 |
| infectious diseases in dogs rescued during dogfighting investigations. | dogs used for dogfighting often receive minimal preventive health care, and the potential for spread of infectious diseases is high. the purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of infectious diseases in dogs rescued from fighting operations to guide medical protocols for their immediate and long-term care. a total of 269 pit bull-type dogs were seized in a multi-state investigation. fleas were present on most dogs, but few ticks were observed. testing performed at intake included pa ... | 2016 | 27056107 |
| genetic and immunological evidences of borrelia burgdorferi in dog in thailand. | lyme disease is a tick-borne zoonotic disease caused by spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. it is transmitted from animals to humans by the bite of infected ticks of the genus ixodes. although lyme disease has been reported in china and japan, the disease has never been reported in thailand. blood samples and ticks were collected from 402 dogs from 7 and 3 animal clinics in chiang mai and phuket provinces, thailand, respectively. blood samples were tested for antibodies against b. burgdorferi, anap ... | 2016 | 27086427 |
| development of recombinant bgp12 based enzyme linked immunosorbent assays for serodiagnosis of babesia gibsoni infection in dogs. | indirect elisa and dot-elisa using recombinant bgp12 (rbgp12) were developed for the diagnosis of babesia gibsoni infected dogs. the complete open reading frame of bgp12 gene (378bp) was cloned in pet-32a(+) expression vector and expressed in escherichia coli as a soluble thioredoxin (trx) fusion protein. the purified rbgp12 was used for production of anti-rbgp12 rabbit serum, which recognized a native 12-kda protein in b. gibsoni infected erythrocyte by western blot analysis. to evaluate the po ... | 2016 | 26827835 |
| pyrosequencing using sl and 5s rrna as molecular markers for identifying zoonotic filarial nematodes in blood samples and mosquitoes. | lymphatic filariasis is principally caused by wuchereria bancrofti, and brugia malayi. the other two filarial nematode species, brugia pahangi and dirofilaria immitis, possibly cause human zoonotic diseases. | 2016 | 27008279 |
| age and sex distribution of dirofilaria immitis among dogs in meshkin-shahr, northwest iran and molecular analysis of the isolates based on cox1 gene. | dirofilaria immitis is an important filarial nematode in dogs. in this study, age and sex distribution of this zoonotic nematode among dogs were investigated in northwest of iran in meshkin-shahr city. molecular characteristics of the isolates, based on cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene were compared to the isolates from other areas of the world.blood samples were collected from 91 dogs which were selected by simple classified accidental sampling. thin and thick blood smear examinations w ... | 2016 | 28144425 |
| first report of toxoplasma gondii, dirofilaria immitis, and chlamydia felis infection in stray and companion cats in northeastern and eastern china. | feline vector-borne diseases have increasingly become a focus of interest in recent years. toxoplasma gondii, dirofilaria immitis, and chlamydia felis are common pathogens of cats that can affect humans among different countries all over the world. however, information about prevalence of t. gondii and c. felis is available in china, but information about coinfection of t. gondii, d. immitis, and c. felis in cats is limited. thus, this study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of these path ... | 2016 | 27463689 |
| organometallic derivatization of the nematocidal drug monepantel leads to promising antiparasitic drug candidates. | the discovery of novel drugs against animal parasites is in high demand due to drug-resistance problems encountered around the world. herein, the synthesis and characterization of 27 organic and organometallic derivatives of the recently launched nematocidal drug monepantel (zolvix(®) ) are described. the compounds were isolated as racemates and were characterized by (1) h, (13) c, and (19) f nmr spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and ir spectroscopy, and their purity was verified by microanalysis ... | 2016 | 27706843 |
| geographic distribution of canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis) infection in stray dogs of eastern romania. | a survey was conducted in the eastern part of romania to assess the prevalence and geographical distribution of dirofilaria immitis in dogs. plasma samples were collected from 458 stray dogs hosted in shelters in 8 counties and tested serologically for the presence of heartworm. in addition, 45 blood samples from dogs of a shelter in galati city were examined by the modified knott and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) techniques. the immmunological assay showed a heartworm infection prev ... | 2016 | 27903061 |
| dirofilaria immitis exhibits sex- and stage-specific differences in excretory/secretory mirna and protein profiles. | the canine heartworm dirofilaria immitis releases excretory/secretory molecules into its host and in culture. we report analyses of the types, amounts and stage-dependence of micrornas and proteins found in d. immitis culture media recovered after incubating 800,000 microfilariae for 6days, 500l3 and 500l4 for 7days, as well as 40 adult females and 40 adult males for 48h, all separately. in addition, the presence of exosome-like particles was established by nanoparticle tracking analysis. our re ... | 2016 | 27890076 |
| countrywide serological evaluation of canine prevalence for anaplasma spp., borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato), dirofilaria immitis and ehrlichia canis in mexico. | canine vector-borne diseases (cvbd) have become a major concern for canine and human public health. the aim of the study described here is to add epidemiological data regarding four pathogens responsible for cvbd, namely anaplasmosis, borreliosis, dirofilariosis and ehrlichiosis in a national survey conducted in mexico. | 2016 | 27474020 |
| exposure to vector-borne pathogens in candidate blood donor and free-roaming dogs of northeast italy. | many vector-borne pathogens including viruses, bacteria, protozoa and nematodes occur in northeast italy, representing a potential threat to animal and human populations. little information is available on the circulation of the above vector-borne pathogens in dogs. this work aims to (i) assess exposure to and circulation of pathogens transmitted to dogs in northeast italy by ticks, sandflies, and mosquitoes, and (ii) drive blood donor screening at the newly established canine blood bank of the ... | 2016 | 27357128 |
| seroprevalence of vector-borne pathogens and molecular detection of borrelia afzelii in military dogs from portugal. | canine vector-borne diseases (cvbds) are increasingly being reported worldwide and represent a serious threat to both animal and public health. military dogs may constitute a risk group for the agents causing these diseases, as they frequently work outdoors in different areas and are thus exposed to vector arthropods. in order to assess the risk of exposure of this type of dogs, a serological and molecular survey was conducted in military working dogs in portugal. one hundred apparently healthy ... | 2016 | 27160284 |
| intradural dirofilariasis in a dog with chronic cervical pain. | a 7 yr old female spayed yorkshire terrier was referred to the author's institute for a 5 mo history of recurrent cervical spinal pain. neurologic examination did not reveal any deficits. hematologic and serum analyses were within normal limits. thoracic radiographs that incorporated the cervical spine did not show structural abnormalities. magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine demonstrated a contrast enhancing, intradural extramedullary lesion at the level of the c2 vertebra. hemilam ... | 2017 | 27841685 |
| ocular dirofilariasis by dirofilaria immitis in a child in iran: a case report and review of the literature. | this report describes a rare case of ophthalmic dirofilariasis in a 2-year-old boy with redness, irritation, pain and foreign body sensation in the right eye. slit lamp examination demonstrated a thread-like whitish nematode in the anterior chamber of the right eye that twisted around itself. the nematode worm (35mm long and 150-200μm width) was removed surgically. the presence of the smooth cuticular surface without longitudinal ridges and the vulva showed that it could be a female diroflaria i ... | 2017 | 27815230 |
| pulmonary artery dissection causing haemothorax in a cat: potential role of dirofilaria immitis infection and literature review. | a 7-year-old male castrated domestic short-haired cat suddenly died. gross examination revealed severe right-sided haemothorax with blood clots, four adult filarial nematodes in the blood clots and the caudal vena cava and haemorrhage dissecting into the tunica media of the right pulmonary artery. histopathological investigation showed fibrosis of the tunica intima and disorganization/fragmentation of the elastic fibres accompanied by fibrous tissue deposition in the tunica media of both branche ... | 2017 | 27780697 |
| the heartworm (dirofilaria immitis) seems to be able to metabolize organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls: a case-control study in dogs. | it has been described that the co-existence of parasite infection and chemical exposure has various effects on the accumulation of persistent organochlorine pollutants (pops) in the host. certain parasites are not only able to accumulate pops but also seem to have the ability to metabolize certain compounds. we have designed a case-control study aimed to disclose the role of dirofilaria immitis in the bioavailability of pops in dogs trying to know whether these parasites store or metabolize the ... | 2017 | 27751690 |
| feline dirofilariosis due to dirofilaria immitis in meshkin shahr district, northwestern iran. | dirofilaria immitis is a common nematode of the cardiovascular system, which infects carnivores all over the world. the infection is prevalent in dogs, but in cats and human is rare. dirofilariosis is transmitted by mosquitoes. cats are accidental hosts and are naturally resistant to the infection, compared to the dogs. mild infection can cause severe illness in cats and may lead to death, so it is clinically important to diagnose the disease. | 2017 | 28096864 |
| in vitro canine platelet aggregation caused by dirofilaria immitis extract. | platelet function hyper-activity has been reported in dirofilaria immitis (heartworm, hw)-infected dogs. although the mechanism of increased platelet hyper-activity has not yet been elucidated, it is suggested to be mediated by unknown factors, which may be related to adult hw components. this study aims to determine whether adult male hw whole body extract induces canine platelet aggregation in vitro. the results indicate that hw extract caused an aggregation of canine platelets in a concentrat ... | 2017 | 28049921 |
| subcutaneous dirofilariasis: a masquerade of a palisaded granulomatous dermatitis. | dirofilaria species are roundworms responsible for "heartworm" in canines. on occasion, humans are an accidental host, resulting in pulmonary (dirofilaria immitis) or extrapulmonary (dirofilaria repens) manifestations. of the extrapulmonary sites of involvement, subcutaneous involvement is particularly common. we report a case of a 49-year-old female who presented with an erythematous nodule on her shin, which closely resembled necrobiosis lipoidica on histopathologic examination. on closer exam ... | 2017 | 28000235 |
| seroprevalence of heartworm infection, risk factors for seropositivity, and frequency of prescribing heartworm preventives for cats in the united states and canada. | objective to determine the seroprevalence of heartworm infection, risk factors for seropositivity, and frequency of prescribing heartworm preventives for cats. design prospective cross-sectional study. animals 34,975 cats from 1,353 veterinary clinics (n = 26,707) and 125 animal shelters (8,268) in the united states and canada. procedures blood samples were collected from all cats and tested with a point-of-care elisa for dirofilaria immitis antigen, felv antigen, and fiv antibody. results were ... | 2017 | 28358636 |
| more bark than bite: comparative studies are needed to determine the importance of canine zoonoses in aboriginal communities. a critical review of published research. | the objective of this review was to identify and critique over forty years of peer-reviewed literature concerned with the transmission of canine zoonoses to aboriginal people and determine the zoonotic organisms documented in dogs in australian aboriginal communities. a systematic literature search of public health, medical and veterinary databases identified 19 articles suitable for critical appraisal. thirteen articles documented the occurrence of recognized zoonotic organisms in dogs in abori ... | 2017 | 28342271 |
| pulmonary hypertension in dogs with heartworm before and after the adulticide protocol recommended by the american heartworm society. | pulmonary hypertension (ph) is a frequent and severe phenomenon in heartworm disease (dirofilaria immitis). there is a lack of studies assessing the evolution of the proliferative endarteritis and ph caused by d. immitis after the death of the parasites, so this study evaluated the influence that the elimination of the worms exerts over the pulmonary pressure and therefore evolution of the endarteritis, through the evaluation of the right pulmonary artery distensibility (rpad) index and other ec ... | 2017 | 28288761 |
| dirofilaria immitis in pinnipeds and a new host record. | dirofilaria immitis is a mosquito-borne pathogen that is spreading worldwide, and the associated infection (i.e. dirofilariosis) is becoming a threat to animals and humans living in endemic areas. little is known about the occurrence and risk of infection of d. immitis in pinnipeds. here we report dirofilariosis by d. immitis in several pinniped species kept in captivity in portugal. | 2017 | 28288690 |
| dirofilaria immitis and d. repens show circadian co-periodicity in naturally co-infected dogs. | dirofilaria immitis and dirofilaria repens are mosquito-borne zoonotic filarioids typically infecting dogs, causing a potentially fatal cardiopulmonary disease and dermatological conditions, respectively. the females are larviparous, releasing the larvae (microfilariae) into the bloodstream, which further develop in mosquito vectors. however, microfilaremia greatly fluctuates during a 24-h period. as the sampling time can greatly influence the accuracy of diagnosis, the aim of the present study ... | 2017 | 28245837 |
| evaluation of pulmonary hypertension and clinical status in dogs with heartworm by right pulmonary artery distensibility index and other echocardiographic parameters. | pulmonary hypertension (ph) is a frequent and severe phenomenon in heartworm disease caused by dirofilaria immitis, mainly caused by intimal proliferation of the arteries and pulmonary thromboembolisms. transthoracic echocardiography is the method of choice for diagnosing ph in dogs although the diagnosis is often based on indirect and subjective parameters. the right pulmonary artery distensibility index (rpad index) is a method that has been recently validated to estimate the presence and seve ... | 2017 | 28241783 |
| clinical and pathological effects of dirofilaria repens and dirofilaria immitis in a dog with a natural co-infection. | canine dirofilarioses are mosquito-borne zoonotic diseases with a continuous expansion of their geographical distribution, as a consequence of different climatic and ecological factors. dirofilaria immitis, the aetiological agent of heartworm disease, has gained a major veterinary interest, mainly due to its severe clinical implication. in the last decades, d. repens, despite of being regarded as a less pathogenic species, regained attention due to its recognized zoonotic potential. romania has ... | 2017 | 28232044 |
| development of dirofilaria immitis and dirofilaria repens in aedes japonicus and aedes geniculatus. | the mosquito-borne filarial nematodes dirofilaria immitis and dirofilaria repens primarily affect dogs but also cats, causing heartworm disease or subcutaneous dirofilariosis, respectively, and both may also cause zoonotic diseases in humans. several mosquito species have been reported as competent vectors for these nematodes, but no data are available for the invasive mosquito species aedes japonicus (theobald, 1901). the objective of this study was to describe the development of both d. immiti ... | 2017 | 28219407 |
| molecular survey of dirofilaria immitis and dirofilaria repens by new real-time taqman(®) pcr assay in dogs and mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) in corsica (france). | dirofilaria immitis and d. repens are filarioid nematodes of animals and humans, transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes. domestic and wild canids are a major natural host and reservoir for these parasites. in this study, we designed a duplex real-time pcr protocol targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (coi) gene, detecting both d. immitis and d. repens using two primer pairs and two dirofilaria-specific hydrolysable probes. the sensitivity and specificity of the prim ... | 2017 | 28215858 |
| serological detection of antibodies to anaplasma spp., borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and ehrlichia canis and of dirofilaria immitis antigen in dogs from costa rica. | in a study in costa rica 314 serum samples from dogs throughout all seven provinces were tested using a commercial kit for the detection of circulating antibodies against anaplasma spp., borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and ehrlichia canis, and of circulating antigen of dirofilaria immitis. a total of 6.4% (20/314) and 38.2% (120/314) were positive for anaplasma spp. (an) and e. canis (ec) antibodies. overall, 8.0% (25/314) were positive for d. immitis (di) antigen. one single dog reacted positiv ... | 2017 | 28288773 |
| searching for lyme borreliosis in australia: results of a canine sentinel study. | lyme borreliosis is a common tick-borne disease of the northern hemisphere that is caused by bacterial spirochaetes of the borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) (bbsl) complex. to date, there has been no convincing evidence for locally-acquired lyme borreliosis on the australian continent and there is currently a national debate concerning the nature and distributions of zoonotic tick-transmitted infectious disease in australia. in studies conducted in europe and the united states, dogs have been us ... | 2017 | 28285585 |
| serological and molecular prevalence of canine vector-borne diseases (cvbds) in korea. | previous surveys in dogs from korea indicated that dogs are exposed to a variety of vector- borne pathogens, but perception for a nation-wide canine vector-borne disease (cvbd) occurrence has been missing. we report here results of both serological and molecular prevalence studies for major cvbds of dogs from all over the south korean peninsula except for jeju island. | 2017 | 28298245 |
| risk factors for human heartworm infections (dirofilariasis) in the south. | human pulmonary dirofilariasis (hpd) is caused by the transmission of infective third stage larvae of the canine heartworm, dirofilaria immitis, during blood-feeding by several species of infected mosquitoes. since humans are incidental hosts and cannot support the parasite's life cycle, infective larvae die after migrating to the pulmonary vascular bed, where an initial subclinical inflammatory reaction is typically followed by a single pulmonary granuloma. the resulting nodular granuloma is de ... | 2017 | 25978057 |
| the occurrence of the filarial nematode dirofilaria repens in canine hosts from maio island, cape verde. | the prevalence of canine dirofilaria infection in maio island (cape verde) was analysed by serology, morphological and molecular identification of the parasite species. blood and sera were collected from 150 dogs and 80 cats aged over 6 months from various localities of the island. dna was extracted from blood and samples were screened by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using microfilaria-specific primers. no dirofilaria immitis was found in dogs while d. repens microfilariae were found in 5.3% ... | 2017 | 26830465 |
| an appraisal of canine and human cases reveals an endemic status of dirofilariosis in parts of serbia. | dirofilaria immitis and d. repens are mosquito-borne nematodes that primarily infect canids, and can also cause mild to serious superficial or visceral infection in humans. in the present survey, peripheral blood from 150 asymptomatic dogs from serbia were examined using the modified knott's technique. dirofilaria immitis, identified based on morphological and morphometric characteristics, was prevalent in dogs not receiving preventative treatment (in 44% and 60% of pound and pet dogs, respectiv ... | 2017 | 27539018 |
| dirofilaria immitis exposure status in client-owned cats with or without lower airway/lung-associated signs: case-control study in a canine heartworm-endemic area. | objectives heartworm-associated respiratory disease (hard) is a recently recognised pathological manifestation in cats caused by dirofilaria immitis exposure. this study aimed to estimate the percentage of cats at risk of developing hard in a heartworm-endemic area (taipei, taiwan), and to test the correlation of heartworm exposure and the presence of lower airway/lung clinical signs (la/l signs). methods this was a prospective case-control study. the study design called for the enrolment of at ... | 2017 | 26620647 |
| survey of canine tick-borne diseases in lábrea, brazilian amazon: 'accidental' findings of dirofilaria immitis infection. | blood samples were collected from 99 domestic dogs from the urban and rural areas of the lábrea municipality, state of amazonas, brazil. canine serum samples were tested by immunofluorescence assay against rickettsia spp., which revealed that only 3.0% (1/33) and 7.6% (5/66) of the dogs from urban and rural areas, respectively, reacted positively to at least one rickettsia species. dna was extracted from canine blood and tested by a battery of pcr assays targeting protozoa of the genera babesia ... | 2017 | 25517525 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors associated with ehrlichia canis, anaplasma spp., borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, and d. immitis in hunting dogs from southern italy. | canine vector-borne diseases (cvbds) are caused by a range of pathogens transmitted to dogs by arthropods. the present study investigates ehrlichia canis, anaplasma spp., borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, and dirofilaria immitis seroprevalences in hunting dogs from southern italy. dogs (no. 1335) were tested using a commercial in-clinic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. odds ratios (ors) were calculated by logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors. overall, 138/1335 dogs (10.3%) ... | 2017 | 28776227 |
| canine infection with borrelia burgdorferi, dirofilaria immitis, anaplasma spp. and ehrlichia spp. in canada, 2013-2014. | canine test results generated by veterinarians throughout canada from 2013-2014 were evaluated to assess the geographical distribution of canine infection with borrelia burgdorferi, dirofilaria immitis, ehrlichia spp., and anaplasma spp. | 2017 | 28526093 |
| prevalence and geographic distribution of vector-borne pathogens in apparently healthy dogs in croatia. | vector-borne pathogens (vbps) are a group of globally extended and quickly spreading pathogens that are transmitted by various arthropod vectors. the aim of the present study was to investigate the seroprevalence against babesia canis, anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, leishmania infantum, dirofilaria immitis, and ehrlichia canis in dogs in croatia. we investigated 435 randomly selected apparently healthy dogs in 13 different locations of croatia for antibodies to b. ca ... | 2017 | 28448211 |
| detection of anaplasma spp. and ehrlichia spp. anibodies, and dirofilaria immitis antigens in dogs from seven locations of morocco. | in morocco no data has been published on canine exposure to anaplasma spp., borrrelia burgdorferi, and ehrlichia spp., and only one report is available on the occurrence of dirofilaria immitis in dogs. therefore, the aim of this study was to collect current data on the canine exposure to these vector-borne pathogens (vbps) in morocco. a total of 217 urban (n=57), rural (n=110) and military (n=50) dogs from seven moroccan locations were screened for anaplasma spp., b. burgdorferi and ehrlichia sp ... | 2017 | 28410950 |
| prevalence of selected infectious disease agents in stray cats in catalonia, spain. | the objective of the current study was to investigate the prevalence rates of the following infectious agents in 116 stray cats in the barcelona area of spain: anaplasma phagocytophilum, bartonella species, borrelia burgdorferi, chlamydia felis, dirofilaria immitis, ehrlichia species, feline calicivirus (fcv), feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1), feline leukaemia virus (felv), feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), haemoplasmas, mycoplasma species and rickettsia species. | 2017 | 28491415 |
| road killed carnivores illustrate the status of zoonotic helminthes in caspian sea littoral of iran. | carnivore carcasses on the roads can be regarded as study materials in parasitology and eco-epidemiology. stray carnivores such as dogs and cats are known to harbor so many different pathogens like zoonotic helminthes. the current investigation, apparent the status of the helminthic parasites found in road killed carnivores from different parts of guilan province north of iran. | 2017 | 28761483 |
| filarioid infections in wild carnivores: a multispecies survey in romania. | filarioids are vector-borne parasitic nematodes of vertebrates. in europe, eight species of filarioids, including zoonotic species, have been reported mainly in domestic dogs, and occasionally in wild carnivores. in romania, infections with dirofilaria spp. and acanthocheilonema reconditum are endemic in domestic dogs. despite the abundant populations of wild carnivores in the country, their role in the epidemiology of filarioid parasites remains largely unknown. the aim of the present study was ... | 2017 | 28705255 |
| vector-borne pathogens in stray dogs in northeastern turkey. | this experiment was carried out to attain prevalence and molecular characterization of pathogens causing canine vector-borne diseases (cvbds) including babesiosis, hepatozoonosis, leishmaniasis, filariosis (dirofilaria immitis, dirofilaria repens, and acanthocheilonema reconditum), ehrlichiosis (ehrlichia canis), and anaplasmosis (anaplasma platys) in stray dogs. the study material consisted of 133 asymptomatic female (n = 96) and male (n = 37) stray dogs (≤1 year old, n = 16 and 1-6 years old, ... | 2017 | 28632488 |
| new wide dynamic range assays for quantification of anti-leishmania igg2 and iga antibodies in canine serum. | the aims of this study were (1) to develop and validate time resolved-immunofluorometric assays for the detection of anti-leishmania igg2 and iga antibodies in canine serum and (2) to evaluate the ability of these assays to quantify different amounts of anti-leishmania antibodies in leishmania-seronegative and seropositive dogs, determined by a commercial elisa assay, and between different clinical stages according to leishvet guidelines. the analytical validation showed that the assays had a go ... | 2017 | 28669382 |
| screening of the 'open scaffolds' collection from compounds australia identifies a new chemical entity with anthelmintic activities against different developmental stages of the barber's pole worm and other parasitic nematodes. | the discovery and development of novel anthelmintic classes is essential to sustain the control of socioeconomically important parasitic worms of humans and animals. with the aim of offering novel, lead-like scaffolds for drug discovery, compounds australia released the 'open scaffolds' collection containing 33,999 compounds, with extensive information available on the physicochemical properties of these chemicals. in the present study, we screened 14,464 prioritised compounds from the 'open sca ... | 2017 | 28732272 |
| angiostrongylus vasorum infection in dogs from a cardiopulmonary dirofilariosis endemic area of northwestern italy: a case study and a retrospective data analysis. | in italy, angiostrongylus vasorum, an emergent parasite, is being diagnosed in dogs from areas considered free of infection so far. as clinical signs are multiple and common to other diseases, its diagnosis can be challenging. in particular, in areas where angiostrongylosis and dirofilariosis overlap, a misleading diagnosis of cardiopulmonary dirofilariosis might occur even on the basis of possible misleading outcomes from diagnostic kits. | 2017 | 28592295 |
| acute-phase response in babesia canis and dirofilaria immitis co-infections in dogs. | babesia canis and dirofilaria immitis are emerging and geographically overlapping vector-borne pathogens in dogs. infection with b. canis leads to acute-phase response (apr) that can be mild to severe and results in either non-complicated or complicated forms of the disease. the aim of this study was to determine whether acute b. canis infection is more severe in dogs with underlying asymptomatic d. immitis infection. dogs of both sexes, different ages and breeds, with naturally occurring mono-i ... | 2017 | 28802807 |
| exposure to vector-borne pathogens in privately owned dogs living in different socioeconomic settings in brazil. | this survey was conducted in four brazilian cities, from three federative units (pernambuco, minas gerais, and federal district), representing different socioeconomic settings, to determine the presence of antibodies to or antigens and dna of selected pathogens in privately owned dogs. from january to april 2015, blood and serum samples were collected and assayed using different tests. in particular, antibodies to anaplasma spp., borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, and ehrlichia spp., and antigens ... | 2017 | 28807290 |
| examining the role of macrolides and host immunity in combatting filarial parasites. | macrocyclic lactones (mls), specifically the avermectins and milbemycins, are known for their effectiveness against a broad spectrum of disease-causing nematodes and arthropods in humans and animals. in most nematodes, drugs in this class induce paralysis, resulting in starvation, impaired ability to remain associated with their anatomical environment, and death of all life stages. initially, this was also thought to be the ml mode of action against filarial nematodes, but researchers have not b ... | 2017 | 28410595 |
| microfilaruria by dirofilaria immitis in a dog: a rare clinical pathological finding. | a 6-year-old labrador with history of hyperpnea, respiratory distress, ascites and paraparesis, presented dirofilaria immitis microfilariae in the blood smear, cytology of the abdominal fluid and urine. the positive samples were confirmed by multiplex-pcr (coi gene) and sequencing, and presented 98% homology to d. immitis (genbank accession nos. kc107805.1, eu159111.1, eu163945.1, dq358815.1, and aj537512-1). based on the presented results and the physiopathology of the heartworm disease, molecu ... | 2017 | 28848282 |
| seasonality and circadian variation of microfilaremia in dogs experimentally infected with dirofilaria immitis. | periodicity, the cyclical rise and fall in microfilaria (mff) numbers in the peripheral blood over time, is observed in many filarial infections. it is correlated with the necessity for these larval stages to be ingested by the blood feeding vector before they can be transmitted to a new vertebrate host. microfilariae of the dog heartworm dirofilaria immitis have been described to show periodicity, but the circadian pattern does not seem to be consistent. most publications describe the lowest mf ... | 2017 | 28807299 |
| parasitological, serological and molecular study of dirofilaria immitis in domestic dogs, southeastern iran. | dirofilariasis is a serious and potentially deadly condition in dogs and one of the zoonotic filarial infections, which inadvertently affects the humans. the objectives of this study were to determine the seroprevalence and the molecular identity of dirofilariasis in kerman province, southeastern iran between jul and aug 2013. | 2017 | 28761487 |
| prevalence of heartworm in dogs and cats of madrid, spain. | dirofilaria immitis causes heartworm disease, a chronic and potentially fatal cardiopulmonary disease which mainly affects dogs and cats. it is present in most of spain, due to favourable climatic factors. madrid, located in the centre of the iberian peninsula, is the most highly populated city in the country. there is a lack of current data on canine heartworm and there are no published epidemiological data regarding feline heartworm in this region, therefore the aim of this study was to assess ... | 2017 | 28747221 |
| temporal pattern of circulating antigens and antibody responses in cats experimentally infected with dirofilaria immitis. | 2017 | 28717952 | |
| periodicity of dirofilaria immitis in longterm infections. | 2017 | 28717951 | |
| current status of canine dirofilariosis in an endemic area of western spain. | since dirofilariosis caused by dirofilaria immitis is a vector-borne disease, its distribution depends on environmental conditions as well as demographic factors and the management of pets by humans. in the province of salamanca (west-central spain) the disease has been known for many years, appearing in an area with extensive irrigated crops along the tormes river. because recent demographic changes have occurred in this area, the present study has been carried out with the aim of monitoring th ... | 2017 | 28669358 |
| assessment of parasitological findings in heartworm-infected beagles treated with advantage multi® for dogs (10% imidacloprid + 2.5% moxidectin) and doxycycline. | anecdotal reports support the position that the adulticidal heartworm treatment utilizing doxycycline and advantage multi®/advocate® for dogs (10% imidacloprid + 2.5% moxidectin) has successfully converted antigen-positive dogs to antigen-negative. to date, no controlled experimental studies have demonstrated the adulticidal efficacy of this treatment regimen. the aim of this study was to evaluate the parasitological and clinical efficacy of advantage multi® for dogs (imd + mox) and doxycycline ... | 2017 | 28526088 |
| heat pretreatment of canine samples to evaluate efficacy of imidacloprid + moxidectin and doxycycline in heartworm treatment. | considering the recent information on the increase of dirofilaria immitis antigen detection by rapid assays in canine blood samples after heat treatment, the proposal that immune complexes block d. immitis antigen detection and that macrocyclic lactone + doxycycline (alternative protocol) might lead to increased production of those immune complexes, resulting in the erroneous diagnosis of adult worm elimination, and that there is no recommended adulticide marketed in brazil, a study was performe ... | 2017 | 28526068 |
| molecular characterization of dirofilaria spp. circulating in portugal. | dirofilariosis is a potentially zoonotic parasitic disease, mainly transmitted by mosquito vectors in many parts of the world. data concerning the canine dirofilaria species currently circulating in portugal is scarce. thereby, a large-scale study was conducted to determine the dirofilaria spp. present in portugal, based on a molecular approach, and also to optimize a reliable and highly sensitive species-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay that could be used for the simultaneous dete ... | 2017 | 28526036 |
| first molecular detection of dirofilaria immitis (spirurida: onchocercidae) infection in dogs from northern algeria. | dirofilaria immitis and dirofilaria repens are mosquito-borne filarioid nematodes that affect dogs and other domestic and wild carnivores, causing heartworm disease and subcutaneous dirofilariosis, respectively. in algeria, the data about the epidemiology of these infections is largely unknown. the present study was designed to establish the occurrence of d. immitis and d. repens in dogs in algeria using molecular tools. in 2014 and 2015, a total of 209 dogs over one year of age of different bre ... | 2017 | 28504098 |
| polymorphism in abc transporter genes of dirofilaria immitis. | dirofilaria immitis, a filarial nematode, causes dirofilariasis in dogs, cats and occasionally in humans. prevention of the disease has been mainly by monthly use of the macrocyclic lactone (ml) endectocides during the mosquito transmission season. recently, ml resistance has been confirmed in d. immitis and therefore, there is a need to find new classes of anthelmintics. one of the mechanisms associated with ml resistance in nematodes has been the possible role of atp binding cassette (abc) tra ... | 2017 | 28494332 |
| intake procedures in colorado animal shelters. | the purpose of this study was to describe intake procedures in colorado animal shelters, compare infectious disease screening protocols in shelters taking in animals from out-of-state to shelters only accepting animals from colorado, and analyze perceived risk of diseases in colorado by responding shelter personnel. a questionnaire was designed and administered to shelter personnel across the state of colorado via the survey tool surveymonkey© (http://www.surveymonkey.com) or a mailed hard copy. ... | 2017 | 28475139 |
| multidetector computed tomographic pulmonary angiography in a cat with fatal heartworm disease. | a 17-month-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was referred for a computed tomographic (ct) study of the thorax due to respiratory distress. multidetector ct angiography showed a multifocal interstitial ground glass opacity, tortuous and blunted pulmonary arteries consistent with thromboembolism with perivascular lung infiltration and hypoventilation in multiple lung lobes. a blood antigen test was positive for dirofilaria immitis. the cat's clinical condition rapidly declined and the owner ... | 2017 | 28464566 |