Publications

inhibition of pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase from trichomonas vaginalis by pyruvate and its analogues. comparison with the pyruvate decarboxylase component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.	pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase and the pyruvate dehydrogenase multi-enzyme complex both catalyse the coa-dependent oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate but differ in size, subunit composition and mechanism. comparison of the pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase from the protozoon trichomonas vaginalis and the pyruvate dehydrogenase component of the escherichia coli pyruvate dehydrogenase complex shows that both are inactivated by incubation with pyruvate under aerobic conditions in the absenc ...	1990	2188649
genital infections in women attending a genito-urinary clinic in harare, zimbabwe.	one hundred women attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic in harare were examined for presenting features and genital infections. the most common presenting symptoms were of discharge, lower abdominal pain and dysuria, and on examination signs of discharge, inflammation, haemorrhage or ulcers/erosions were noticeable in all women. fourteen women had genital warts. pathogens were detected in 95% of patients. gonococcal infection occurred in 19 women, with 60% of the strains isolated bein ...	1990	2196216
cdna sequence analysis of a 29-kda cysteine-rich surface antigen of pathogenic entamoeba histolytica.	a gamma gt11 cdna library was constructed from poly(u)-sepharose-selected entamoeba histolytica trophozoite rna in order to clone and identify surface antigens. the library was screened with rabbit polyclonal anti-e. histolytica serum. a 700-base-pair cdna insert was isolated and the nucleotide sequence was determined. the deduced amino acid sequence of the cdna revealed a cysteine-rich protein. dna hybridizations showed that the gene was specific to e. histolytica since the cdna probe reacted w ...	1990	2201027
treatment of sexually transmitted vaginosis/vaginitis.	although much has been learned about sexually transmissible forms of vaginitis/vaginosis during the past decade, therapeutic options for these disorders remain limited. a single 2-g oral dose of metronidazole still remains highly effective against most trichomonas vaginalis infections. mildly resistant infections can usually be cured with metronidazole oral doses of 2 g daily for 3-7 days. when highly resistant infections occur, toxic levels of metronidazole may be needed for the drug to cure th ...	1990	2201078
glucokinase and fructokinase of trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus.	trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus contain glucokinase and not a hexokinase of broad hexose specificity. tritrichomonas foetus also contains a specific fructokinase which could be resolved from glucokinase by anion exchange chromatography. native t. vaginalis glucokinase had a mr of 76,000, and sds-pag electrophoresis showed two equally stained bands corresponding to mr 40,000 and 38,000. glucose and atp were by far the best substrates for both trichomonad glucokinases, with km valu ...	1990	2213652
[bound amino acids in local strains of trichomonas vaginalis].	amino acid composition of water-soluble and water-insoluble proteins of 8 strains of tr. vaginalis is studied. 17 amino acids are found in both protein hydrolyzates. despite the complete coincidence of their qualitative compositions there are reliable differences in the quantitative contents of some amino acids. differences in the contents of main amino acids of water-soluble proteins of different strains reflect the belonging of the latter to different sero-groups. no reliable differences in th ...	1990	2216532
prevalence of gonorrhoea, syphilis and trichomoniasis in prostitutes in burkina faso.	prevalence of syphilis, gonorrhoea and trichomoniasis among 127 prostitutes in ougadougou, burkina faso, was investigated. 22% were positive of syphilis, 20% for intracellular gram negative diplococci, and 17% for trichomonas vaginalis infection. demographic data revealed that the prostitutes were a young group, with 69% between 15 and 25 years old. 14% of the women were from burkina faso; the majority (73%) were of ghanaian origin. our data highlight alarming rates of stds in prostitutes workin ...	1990	2226226
reduced lymphocyte responses to mitogens in natural and experimental trichomoniasis.	proliferative responses to mitogens were determined by using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from women with active trichomoniasis, with serological evidence of past infection with trichomonas vaginalis, and with no evidence of current or past infection. even after the human immunodeficiency virus antibody status of the patients was taken into account, cells from women with active trichomoniasis showed reduced responses to phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin a, pokeweed mitogen, and bacterial li ...	1990	2228226
antioxidant enzymes in trichomonas vaginalis.	the activities of artificial donor peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase in clinical isolates of t. vaginalis were studied. none of the tested strains exhibited activity of the three enzymes. inclusion of catalase in diamond-tym solid medium did not support growth under aerobic conditions. the correlation between the absence of these enzymes and the growth conditions of the organism is discussed.	1990	2230334
association of production of cell-detaching factor with the clinical presentation of trichomonas vaginalis.	recent work has shown that trichomonas vaginalis produces a cell-detaching factor (cdf) that causes detachment of monolayer cells in vitro. to study the role of cdf as a pathogenic marker of disease, we studied the production of cdf in 12 clinical isolates of t. vaginalis. these isolates were also utilized in the mouse subcutaneous assay of honigberg, which is the standard for pathogenicity of t. vaginalis. the isolates were divided into three groups based on clinical presentation (asymptomatic ...	1990	2254417
growth of trichomonas vaginalis in a serum-free mccoy cell culture system.	axenic cultures of trichomonas vaginalis normally require serum for proliferation, yet serum-containing medium may interfere with the detection of t. vaginalis-secreted virulence factors. trichomonas vaginalis can, however, grow in coculture with a mccoy cell monolayer in both the presence and absence of serum. for 6 t. vaginalis isolates examined, growth in this serum-free system shows lower peak concentrations of t. vaginalis and longer doubling times than those apparent in a serum-containing ...	1990	2254829
characterization of trichomonas vaginalis haemolysis.	the haemolytic activity of live trichomonas vaginalis organisms was investigated. optimal haemolysis of human erythrocytes was observed at a parasite to erythrocyte ratio of 1:5 during a 2 h incubation period. no haemolytic activity was detected in concentrated culture supernatants after overnight growth of trichomonads or when parasites were separated from erythrocytes by a 3 microns filter, suggesting a contact-dependent mechanism for haemolysis. the haemolytic activity was temperature-depende ...	1990	2263411
sexually transmitted diseases in rape victims.	from 1 january 1986 to 1 september 1989 124 women presented to the ambrose king centre (the department of genitourinary medicine of the london hospital) alleging rape. sexually transmitted diseases were found in 36 (29%) women (excluding candidosis and bacterial vaginosis). the commonest organisms detected were neisseria gonorrhoeae and trichomonas vaginalis, each being present in 15 patients. eleven women had genital warts. chlamydia trachomatis was isolated in six patients, two had herpes simp ...	1990	2265841
dot-immunobinding assay with monoclonal antibody for detection of trichomonas vaginalis in clinical specimens.	a rapid and specific dot-enzyme immunoassay (diba) using monoclonal antibody was introduced for detection of trichomonas vaginalis antigen in vaginal and urethral materials. the results of diba were compared with culture findings of the parasite in 245 female patients. taking culture as the reference method, diba had a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 93%. the predictive value of a positive test was 98% and that of a negative test 77%. the efficacy of wet mount, culture and diba were comp ...	1990	2265844
[detection of igg and igm antibodies with elisa technique in human trichomoniasis].	the direct wet mount examination of vaginal secretion, widely applied for the diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis infection in woman patients, is rapid and economical, however, the sensitivity of this technique is not so high. in this study enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was employed for the detection of serum anti-t. vaginalis igg and igm antibodies from 30 vaginal trichomoniasis patients and 30 non-infected healthy persons. the results were as follows: 1. serum elisa-igg value was 0. ...	1990	2271497
[cytotoxicity of resident and lymphokine-activated mouse peritoneal macrophage against trichomonas vaginalis].	this study was aimed to observe the direct and lymphokine-activated cell mediated cytotoxic effects against trichomonas vaginalis by mouse peritoneal macrophages. cytotoxicity was measured as release of 3h-thymidine from prelabeled protozoa, and tested in u-bottom microtiter plates. a 0.1 ml suspension of labeled protozoa (2 x 10(5)/ml) was placed in each well, followed by 0.1 ml of a suspension containing increasing numbers of peritoneal cells. after a 24 hr incubation at 37 degrees c, 0.1 ml o ...	1990	2271505
[a method for the long-term preservation of trichomonas vaginalis strains].		1990	2278206
[the antitrichomonal activity of the sodium salts of anthranilic acid].		1990	2278315
characteristics of trichomonas vaginalis isolates from women with and without colpitis macularis.	colpitis macularis, the most specific clinical sign for diagnosis of trichomoniasis, was detected by colposcopy in 52 of 118 infected women. patients with colpitis macularis had a mean (+/- sd) of 18 +/- 20 trichomonas vaginalis organisms/field (x 400 magnification) compared with 7 +/- 17 in patients with colpitis macularis (p less than .003). to compare possible virulence markers in isolates from women with and without colpitis macularis, isolates were analyzed for hemolytic activity, abscess p ...	1990	2299210
transvaginal-peritoneal migration of trichomonas vaginalis as a cause of ascites. a report of two cases.	genital tract colonization with trichomonas vaginalis usually results in vaginitis without systemic manifestations. there are only four recorded cases of trichomonas recovered from pelvic organs or peritoneal fluid. this report describes two additional women in whom motile flagellate organisms were recovered from abdominopelvic ascites. we hypothesize that an ascending trichomonal infection may have played an etiologic role in the development of their acute disease.	1990	2304041
a prospective study of genital infections in a family-planning clinic. 1. microbiological findings and their association with vaginal symptoms.	a prospective study of genital infection was conducted in four inner-city family-planning clinics. fifteen per cent of routine attenders had symptoms and signs of vaginal infection and many more women attended primarily because of symptoms. among the women with both signs and symptoms, 70% had positive laboratory findings, trichomonas vaginalis, candida albicans and bacterial vaginosis being equally prevalent. measurement of vaginal ph in the clinic was the single most useful clinical finding fo ...	1990	2307184
the specificity of trichomonad cysteine proteinases analysed using fluorogenic substrates and specific inhibitors.	the multiple cysteine proteinases of trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus, both those retained intracellularly and those released, were separated using gelatin-sds-page, and their activity towards a range of 15 fluorogenic peptidyl aminomethylcoumarins determined together with their relative sensitivity to inhibitors. three types of enzyme were apparent in t. vaginalis: (i) an 86-kda enzyme active only on z-arg-arg-nhmec; (ii) a 54-kda proteinase which was most active on z-phe-arg-nhm ...	1990	2320056
[the effect of nitrofuran and asymmetrically substituted urea on trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus in vitro and in vivo].	antitrichomonal activity of selected nitrofuran derivatives and asymmetrically substituted ureas was investigated in vitro and in vivo and compared with the activity of the effective therapeutic agent tinidazole. in experimental infection with trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus in mice, some substituted urea derivatives exhibited an antiparasitic effect slightly lower than that of tinidazole. the substance n1-(3-nitrophenyl)-n3-(2-pyrimidinyl)urea proved to be the most effective of ...	1990	2322865
fatty acid and sterol metabolism of cultured trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus.	trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus grown in a fetal calf serum-based culture medium, contained as major lipids (i.e., greater than 10% of total) cholesterol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. t. vaginalis also contained sphingomyelin and t. foetus glycophosphosphingolipids. the culture medium contained (greater than 10%) cholesterol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin and lysophosphatidylcholine. the fatty acyl groups of these major lipids o ...	1990	2325705
the role and prevalence of gardnerella vaginalis in anaerobic vaginosis.	310 cases of anaerobic vaginosis and 80 asymptomatic females were studied for the detection of various organisms from their genital specimens. the main complaint of the symptomatic cases was vaginal discharge. neisseria gonorrhoeae, candida albicans, trichomonas vaginalis. bacteroides species, anaerobic cocci and gardnerella vaginalis were detected. the frequency of detection of all except c. albicans was less in pregnant than non-pregnant women. however, the prevalence of anaerobes and g. vagin ...	1990	2332249
in vitro study on generation time (g) of trichomonas vaginalis.	31 strains of t. vaginalis were isolated from female patients attending venereal diseases clinic, middlesex hospital, london. cloned organisms were studied in vitro for generation time (g). according to generation time t. vaginalis strains were divided into three different groups: slow, medium and fast grow.	1990	2332655
microbiological patterns of four new imidazole derivatives.	the authors present an in vitro experimental study concerning the microbiological properties of four imidazole derivatives, with a piperazine group between two benzene rings. seventy strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, 30 of yeasts, 14 of filamentous fungi and 10 strains of trichomonas vaginalis were tested. the new compounds revealed a good inhibitory activity against gram-positive bacteria, yeasts and dermatophytes. these results compare well with those obtained with the other ...	1990	2332783
growth of trichomonas vaginalis in commercial culture media.	there are only two commercially available, ready-to-use culture media which are approved by the food and drug administration for clinical diagnosis of vaginal trichomoniasis: kupferberg's sts and diamond's medium (modified). diamond's medium (klaas modification), recommended by the centers for disease control for the isolation of trichomonas vaginalis, was compared in vitro to kupferberg's (sts) medium. growth studies using six fresh clinical isolates, all from different patients, showed that wh ...	1990	2351739
specific erythrocyte binding is an additional nutrient acquisition system for trichomonas vaginalis.	specific receptor-mediated binding by trichomonas vaginalis of human erythrocytes was demonstrated. the ability of live parasites to internalize erythrocytes was also documented. in vitro growth assays during lipid-free and iron-limiting conditions that do not support the survival of t. vaginalis organisms showed that purified erythrocyte lipids and hemoglobin were each able to provide lipids and/or hemoglobin iron for trichomonal growth and multiplication. parasites bound hemoglobin in a highly ...	1990	2351937
difference in effect of dog seminal fluid and human seminal fluid and semen on in vitro survival of trichomonas vaginalis.	the authors examined the ability of dog seminal fluid to serve as an animal model in order to study survival of trichomonas vaginalis in human urogenital secretions. two strains were used: svi-1, a recent isolate from a male patient, and atcc 30001, a strain that has been cultured for many years. the authors incubated the t. vaginalis strains in dog seminal fluid, human seminal fluid, and human semen, at 37 degrees c for 6, 12, and 24 hrs. for both strains, survival in dog seminal fluid was much ...	1990	2360129
[further observation on the ultrastructural characteristics of trichomonas vaginalis].	in longitudinal sections, t. vaginalis visualized by tem was round or ovoid with an ovoid nucleus situated close to the anterior one-third of the body. there was an independent and well-developed golgi complex dorsal to the nucleus and parabasal filaments. the anterior end of the cell had a blepharoplast complex which consisted of three parts, i.e., periflagellar canal, c-shaped structure of the pelta in the wall of periflagellar canal and five blepharoplasts. four anterior flagella and one post ...	1990	2364506
[the detection of trichomonas vaginalis in the rectum of patients with urogenital trichomoniasis].	inoculations of scrapings of the rectal mucosa from 53 women with various urogenital diseases and urogenital trichomoniasis yielded trichomonas growth in johnson-trassel's medium in 8 cases. vaginal and rectal cultures of 6 patients were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. vaginal trichomonas were detected in rectal and vaginal cultures of 6 patients. intestinal trichomonas were identified in rectal isolates from 5 patients.	1990	2368486
properties of trichomonas vaginalis grown under chemostat controlled growth conditions.	trichomonas vaginalis isolates nyh 286 and ir 78 were grown in continuous flow culture conditions in a complex trypticase-yeast extract-maltose medium supplemented with heat-inactivated horse serum. parasites could be stably maintained in the chemostat at high densities ranging from 1 x 10(6) to 1 x 10(7) organisms ml-1. growth densities, acid production, and profiles of total versus secreted trichomonad proteins were characterised at different rates of growth and ph. growth rate influenced the ...	1990	2370063
semen characteristics of asymptomatic males affected by trichomonas vaginalis.	trichomonas vaginalis is a sexually transmitted anaerobic parasite which causes vaginitis and cervicitis. the present study was carried out to determine the incidence of trichomonas infection in semen samples of asymptomatic men and also to understand the changes of semen characteristics in the infected individuals before treatment and after treatment with metronidazole (flagyl, 400 mg x 3x a day for 10 days). the semen obtained from 1131 men was examined for different characteristics and tricho ...	1990	2380623
rapid eradication of trichomonads by single-dosed nimorazole.	previous in vitro studies demonstrated the rapidity of trichomonacidal action of nimorazole (naxogin 500) which was twice that of metronidazole and many times that of tinidazole. since rapid eradication of parasites can lead to a significant decrease in transmission rate, and hence, a lower prevalence of this sexually transmitted disease, a pilot study was designed to investigate the in vivo speed of action of nimorazole. twenty females with positive wet smears for trichomonas vaginalis were tre ...	1990	2380642
persistent vaginitis caused by metronidazole-resistant trichomonas.	persistent trichomonal vaginitis is usually considered the result of either patient noncompliance with therapy or reinfection. drug-resistant trichomoniasis may also cause continued infection despite repeated courses of conventional metronidazole therapy. we report two cases of exceptionally persistent and prolonged infection despite repetitive and varied treatments, including parenteral metronidazole. an unconventional approach combining oral and topical therapy resulted in clinical and microbi ...	1990	2381638
in vivo effect of 2,4-dinitro-phenyl-substituted sugar hydrazones and phenylosazone against trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus.	antitrichomonal activity of selected 2,4-dinitro-phenylhydrazones and phenylosazones of sugars was investigated in vitro and in vivo and compared with the activity of tinidazole, an effective therapeutic agent. in experimental infections with trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus in mice glycolaldehyde-2,4-dinitro-phenylhydrazone acetate and 2,3-diacetylglycerolaldehyde-2,4-dinitro-phenylhydrazone exhibited an antiparasitic effect slightly inferior to that of tinidazole. structure-acti ...	1990	2381964
histopathology of endocervical infection caused by chlamydia trachomatis, herpes simplex virus, trichomonas vaginalis, and neisseria gonorrhoeae.	we determined the histologic correlates of clinically identified mucopurulent cervicitis, culture-proven cervical infection with chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, herpes simplex virus (hsv), and vaginal infection with trichomonas vaginalis by examining cervical biopsies from 83 women. clinical mucopurulent cervicitis and culture-documented infection with one or more of these pathogens correlated histologically with intraepithelial neutrophils, reactive endocervical cells, edema, lumi ...	1990	2387574
trichomycin a, a heptaene macrolide: isolation and characterization.		1990	2387783
oestrogen binding by and effect of oestrogen on trichomonads and bacteria.	it has been shown previously that trichomonas vaginalis, a common protozoan pathogen of the female genito-urinary tract, has binding sites for oestrogen and that its growth, adherence and chemotaxis are altered after exposure to physiological concentrations of oestrogens. two other species of trichomonad showed no physiological response to oestrogens but did have high affinity oestrogen binding with low binding capacity. to determine whether oestrogen binding sites occur in other pathogenic micr ...	1990	2391707
the limited value of symptoms and signs in the diagnosis of vaginal infections.	the etiology of vaginitis can be difficult to prove. to determine the relationship between clinical criteria (symptoms and signs) and three causes of vaginitis, we prospectively evaluated 22 criteria in 123 unselected symptomatic patients. diagnoses of candida albicans and trichomonas vaginalis infection were based on culture. bacterial vaginosis was defined by the presence of 3 of 4 clinical criteria. only 49% of our patients received diagnoses, and itching was the only symptom more frequently ...	1990	2393324
povidone-iodine in the treatment of metronidazole-resistant trichomonas vaginalis.		1990	2400364
[the detection of the surface antigens of trichomonas vaginalis by using the scanning electron microscope].	the method for the detection of surface antigens, based on antibody aggregation phenomenon, was used in scanning microscopy of t. vaginalis. after trichomonas treatment with immune blood serum diluted 1:5000--1:10,000 aggregates were detected, consisting of subunits 30-80 nm in diameter, localized on the protozoal cilia, projections, and, less frequently, body. analysis of the results following the material treatment with colloid gold-conjugated anti-igg permits a conclusion that the detected ag ...	1990	2402936
analysis of the proteinases of representative trichomonas vaginalis isolates.	isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) with acrylamide copolymerized with gelatin (substrate-sds-page) were combined to evaluate the proteinases of both long-term-grown and fresh isolates of trichomonas vaginalis. this two-dimensional substrate-sds-page resolved as many as 23 distinct proteinase activities in several isolates, and proteinases had relative molecular masses between 23 and 110 kilodaltons (kda). isoelectric points (pi) of prote ...	1990	2403530
viruses of the protozoa.		1991	1741616
vaginal and cervical abnormalities associated with trichomonal infection.	cytological changes were studied among 393 women, reporting to samir health centre, khartoum (sudan), using papanicolaou staining. vaginal trichomoniasis was confirmed by wet-mounts and cultural methods. non-specific inflammatory changes were prominent (17.4%). in 33.5% of parasitised patients, the cervix was found healthy. cancer of the cervix was not detected in patients investigated.	1991	1752225
detection of variable dna repeats in diverse eukaryotic microorganisms by a single set of polymerase chain reaction primers.	we cloned and sequenced a variable dna repeat from trichomonas vaginalis, a flagellated protozoan parasite. targeting of this repeat in the polymerase chain reaction resulted in complex and intense product patterns for a wide variety of eukaryotic microorganisms, including the pathogenic protozoan parasites t. vaginalis, giardia lamblia, leishmania donovani, three species of trypanosoma, and four species of acanthamoeba; the nonpathogenic protozoans, paramecium tetraurelia and tetrahymena thermo ...	1991	1757544
the vagina of women infected with trichomonas vaginalis has numerous proteinases and antibody to trichomonad proteinases.	patients with trichomoniasis have serum antibody to numerous t. vaginalis cysteine proteinases, indicating that the proteinases are expressed in vivo. it was important, therefore, to examine for the presence of soluble trichomonad proteinases and/or antibody to the proteinases in the vagina of infected women.	1991	1774051
effect of beta-estradiol on production of the cell-detaching factor of trichomonas vaginalis.	despite over 40 years of study, the pathogenetic mechanisms of trichomonas vaginalis are just starting to be elucidated. we have recently reported that t. vaginalis produces a virulence factor, cell-detaching factor (cdf), that likely causes the cell sloughing seen in clinical disease. this 200-kda glycoprotein is acid and heat labile and correlates with clinical symptoms. we applied a mccoy cell culture system to study the effects of various concentrations of beta-estradiol (10(-6) to 10(-10) m ...	1991	1774306
emergency cervical cerclage.	to assess the efficacy of emergency cervical cerclage.	1991	1777455
a cytopathic effect of trichomonas vaginalis probably mediated by a mannose/n-acetyl-glucosamine binding lectin.	the pathogenic effect of a highly pathogenic strain of trichomonas vaginalis on mccoy cell monolayers was investigated. specific inhibition of the cytopathic effect by monosaccharides, such as n-acetyl-glucosamine (glcnac) and mannose (man), was observed. our preliminary results suggest that the pathogenicity of t. vaginalis depends on a lectin specifically sensitive to glcnac and to a lesser extent to man. although n-acetyl-mannosamine was found to be the most efficient inhibitor, this effect s ...	1991	1787036
[microbial assessment of patients with vaginitis, vaginal discharge and urine cultures].	in 150 patients with the complaint of vaginitis, direct light microscopical examination of vaginal discharge specimens and the cultures of vaginal discharge and urine have been studied. according to the results of vaginal discharge cultures, the most frequent microorganism yielded was e. coli, the following candida species and staphylococcus aureus being the second and the third respectively. meanwhile, in light microscopical examination, in 5 patients trichomonas vaginalis was seen, while candi ...	1991	1795655
in vitro effects of berberine sulphate on the growth and structure of entamoeba histolytica, giardia lamblia and trichomonas vaginalis.	the plant alkaloid, berberine sulphate, inhibited the growth of entamoeba histolytica, giardia lamblia and trichomonas vaginalis in bi-s-33 medium, and induced morphological changes in the parasites. exposure of e. histolytica to berberine caused a clumping of chromatin in the nucleus, and the formation of autophagic vacuoles and aggregates of small vacuoles in the cytoplasm. in berberine-treated g. lamblia, an irregularly-shaped vacuole appeared in the cytoplasm and gradually enlarged during cu ...	1991	1796883
[age and sex distribution of sexually transmitted diseases in valladolid. a study of 5076 cases].	the age and sex distribution of 5,076 cases of s.t.d. dealt with between 1982 and 1988 at the dermatological dispensary of the territorial social welfare service in valladolid are studied. the maximum frequency of s.t.d. (24.1% of cases) corresponded to the age group between 21 and 25 years, which was also the period for maximum prevalence of neisseria gonorrhoeae (26.3%), gardnerella vaginalis (30.7%), candida albicans (27.4%) and acuminata condyloma (33.4%). syphilis (19.9%), chlamydia trachom ...	1991	1801185
studies on the incidence of trichomonas vaginalis amongst pregnant women in jos area of plateau state, nigeria.	an investigation was carried out on the incidence of trichomonas vaginalis amongst pregnant women in jos area of plateau state, nigeria. the pregnant women were made up of 250 women from jos metropolis and 250 women from jos rural area. jos metropolis women were found to have 37.6% rate of infection while jos rural women were found to have 24.8% rate of infection. the ph range of the infected women was found to lie between 6-8. their vaginal discharges were found to be frothy and greenish-yellow ...	1991	1803952
enhanced antiparasitic activity of lipophilic tetracyclines: role of uptake.	it was previously noted that the inhibitory activities of lipophilic tetracyclines against the growth of giardia lamblia in vitro were up to 40-fold greater than those of nonlipophilic tetracyclines (50% inhibitory concentration [ic50] = 1.8 to 71 micrograms/ml) (t. d. edlind, antimicrob. agents chemother. 33:2144-2145, 1989). we have now extended this observation to trichomonas vaginalis (ic50 = 2.9 to 200 micrograms/ml), entaoeba histolytica (ic50 = 3.8 to 36 micrograms/ml), and leishmania maj ...	1991	1803991
[cytotoxicity of lymphokine activated peritoneal macrophages against trichomonas vaginalis].	trichomonas vaginalis is a parasitic flagellate in the urogenital tract of human. innate cytotoxicity of macrophages against t. vaginalis has been recognized, but any report on the cytotoxicity of lymphokine-activated macrophages to t. vaginalis is not yet available. the present study aimed to elucidate the lymphokine-activated cell mediated cytotoxic effect against t. vaginalis by mouse peritoneal macrophages. cytotoxicity was measured by counting the release of 3h-thymidine from prelabeled pro ...	1991	1804302
[aminomethyl derivatives of (benzisothiazolin-3-one-2-yl)acetic acid amides and 2-(1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one-2-yl)propionic acid amides].	in the search for pharmacological active new derivatives of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-on amides of (3-oxo-1,2-benzisothiazolin-2-yl)acetic acid and 3-(3-oxo-1,2-benzisothiazolin-2-yl)propionic acid were obtained. in the reaction of these amides with formaldehyde and various second aryl amines the title compounds are formed. morpholinmethylamide of (3-oxo-1,2-benzisothiazolin-2-yl)acetic acid showed activity against trichomonas vaginalis. in the reaction of ethyl esters of (3-oxo-1,2-benzisothiazoli ...	1991	1811228
microbiological study of vaginal discharge associated with the use of cut 200.	a microbiological study of the vaginal discharge was conducted on 75 women attending family planning outdoors. in 24 out of 25 symptomatic cut 200 users suffering from non-specific vaginitis, gardnerella vaginalis was isolated from 19 cases (79%). the difference in the recovery rate of gardnerella vaginalis was highly significant between symptomatic cut 200 users and non-users (p less than 0.001) and that between symptomatic and asymptomatic cut 200 users (p less than 0.05). but the difference b ...	1991	1815012
synthesis and study of antiprotozoal activity of some 5-nitrothiophene aldimines.	this paper reports on the synthesis and the antiparasitical activity of some 5-nitrothiophene aldimines variously substituted on aniline nucleus. the influence of substituents on the activity of the prepared compounds is discussed.	1991	1815581
a comparison of wet mount, culture and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of trichomoniasis in women.	one thousand women in the child bearing age group, attending the obstetrics and gynaecology outpatient department, were investigated for the presence of trichomonas vaginalis in their vaginal discharges. t. vaginalis was isolated in 68 patients (6.8%) by wet mount and/or culture. 55 cases (80.9%) were detected by wet mount examination and 67 (98.5%) by culture in tps-i medium. significant levels of antitrichomonal iga antibody in the vaginal secretions by micro-elisa technique were detected in 3 ...	1991	1816659
[virulence of trichomonas vaginalis strains in relation to clinical forms of trichomonas vaginitis].	estimation of virulence of t. vaginalis strains injected subcutaneously to mice was done. t. vaginalis strains were obtained from the urogenital tracts of patients with different clinical forms of trichomoniasis. the virulence of t. vaginalis strains measured by infiltration size was found to depend upon a clinical form of trichomoniasis . it was moreover shown that the cutaneous infiltration size is proportional to a dose of trichomonas administered subcutaneously. histopathological analysis of ...	1991	1822038
[usefulness of polysaccharide and glycoprotein fractions of trichomonas vaginalis in the serodiagnosis of trichomonas infections].	it has been shown that glycoprotein and polysaccharide fractions obtained from t. vaginalis cells can be employed as antigens in serodiagnosis of trichomoniasis. this refers especially to the polysaccharide fraction because of its easy availability, solubility in aqueous solutions, high diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. it has been stated that the diagnostic value of polysaccharide antigen of t. vaginalis, in occult trichomoniasis in men particularly, is higher than the effect of the secre ...	1991	1822039
[metronidazole resistance test in vitro in strains of trichomonas vaginalis isolated from clinical material. 1. test conditions].	metronidazole-resistant clinical isolates of trichomonas vaginalis display an aerobic type of resistance detectable in vitro only if some oxygen is present. consequently, adjustment of the optimal concentration of o2 in assay system is of critical importance for dependable determination of minimal lethal concentration (mlc) of the drug. the authors demonstrated that decrease of oxygen content in assay media (from 191.2 nm to 49.5 nm o2.ml-1) resulted in increased susceptibility of the drug-resis ...	1991	1827366
[metronidazole resistance test in vitro in strains of trichomonas vaginalis isolated from clinical material. 2. proposal for a standard tests].	the purpose of this paper is to recommend a dependable susceptibility assays for detection of resistance to metronidazole in trichomonas vaginalis, suitable for routine use in clinical and public health care laboratories. two different assays, the microtitre plate test based on meingassner's technique and an alternative tube-assay, were scrutinized and compared using 10 metronidazole-resistant isolates from czechoslovakia, other european countries and usa and 10 drug-susceptible strains isolated ...	1991	1827367
three aspecific atpases in trichomonas vaginalis.	1. three aspecific atpases were found in the sedimentible fractions of trichomonas vaginalis. 2. one, with a ph optimum of 5.5, was equally activated by ca2+ or mg2+, moderately stable, preferred nucleotide diphosphates as substrates, and was inhibited by vanadate, oligomycin, nitrate and na+. 3. a second, with a ph optimum of 7.5, was activated by mg2+, preferred guanosine diphosphate as substrate, and was the least stable and most subject to inhibitors (vanadate, oligomycin, nem, nbd-cl, azide ...	1991	1838312
anti-trichomonad iga antibodies in trichomoniasis before and after treatment.	anti-trichomonad iga antibodies were estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in serum and vaginal secretions of 25 symptomatic and 25 asymptomatic trichomonas vaginalis positive patients before and after treatment and in 25 age-matched controls. significantly higher levels of antitrichomonad iga antibodies were found in t. vaginalis positive patients when compared to control subjects, especially in vaginal secretions. in addition, a significant decrease in these antibodies was obs ...	1991	1841864
[etiology of vulvovaginitis in childhood].	a prospective study on the causal microorganism of vulvovaginitis was done to 100 ambulatory patients seen at a pediatric gynecology unit of a metropolitan hospital at santiago, chile, from november 1988 throughout july 1989. samples of vaginal discharge were taken from each patient and studied for bacteria, fungi and trichomonas. search of pinworms was also done in 55 patients by the transparent adhesive tape test. it was possible to confirm the etiology of vulvovaginitis in 81 cases. bacteria ...	1991	1844941
interaction of tpa-treated trichomonads with fibronectin-coated substrata.		1991	1845239
cytomegalovirus infection in sexually active adolescents.	to determine whether cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection in teenage girls is related to sexual activity, 254 girls 12-18 years old (mean, 15.8) attending a contraceptive counseling clinic were studied. participants were screened for chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and trichomonas vaginalis, and serum antibody to cmv was determined. demographic and sexual history data were collected by interview. the mean number of lifetime sex partners was 2.2; 173 (68%) were seropositive. race, greate ...	1991	1847399
inorganic pyrophosphatase of trichomonas vaginalis.	trichomonas vaginalis homogenates were found to have an acid inorganic pyrophosphatase activity with a specific activity at ph 4.8 of about 7 nmol min-1 (mg protein)-1. this activity was localized predominantly in hydrolase containing particles, showed structure-bound latency and was tightly membrane-bound. the activity showed no magnesium dependence, a km of about 2 mm inorganic pyrophosphate, a ph optimum of 5.2 and was inhibited by fluoride at millimolar levels. no evidence was obtained for t ...	1991	1849232
the role of immunoglobulin and complement in enhancing the respiratory burst of neutrophils against trichomonas vaginalis.	human neutrophils, alone, did not kill trichomonas vaginalis. more than 90% of t. vaginalis (10(5)/ml) survived in the presence of 10% normal human serum (nhs) while 90% of these organisms were killed in the presence of a combination of neutrophils (10(6)/ml) and 10% nhs. mechanisms responsible for this serum-mediated neutrophil killing of t. vaginalis were demonstrated through a process of lucigenin-amplified neutrophil chemiluminescence. as evidenced by indirect immunofluorescence, nhs showed ...	1991	1852474
murine pathogenicity of trichomonas vaginalis & its susceptibility to metronidazole.	eight isolates of t. vaginalis obtained from clinical specimens were tested for their pathogenicity in the murine model using the subcutaneous route of inoculation. in general, all isolates produced localised purulent abscesses in the mice. on comparison with a reference strain, all but two isolates were found to be significantly more pathogenic for mice than the reference strain, while two were comparable in their pathogenicity. all eight isolates were sensitive in vivo to metronidazole. in six ...	1991	1855825
microbiological evaluation of female patients in std clinics.	a total of 215 women patients attending the std clinic were evaluated in an attempt to isolate the different microorganisms in sexually transmitted diseases (std). mycoplasmas (30.22%), candida species (20.00%), trichomonas vaginalis (wet mount study; 15.81%), beta haemolytic streptococci (13.48%), neisseria gonorrhoeae (9.30%), staphylococcus aureus (13.95%), inclusion bodies of chlamydia trachomatis (11.60%) and gram negative organisms (9.30%) were isolated from these patients. sera of all pat ...	1991	1855826
the regulation by iron of the synthesis of adhesins and cytoadherence levels in the protozoan trichomonas vaginalis.	levels of adherence of trichomonas vaginalis to epithelial cells was found to be modulated by iron. cytoadherence values were greater than or equal to twofold higher for trichomonads grown in a complex cultivation medium supplemented with iron. this increase in adherence levels was specifically mediated by iron; parasites cultured in a low-iron medium in the presence of salts other than iron were unresponsive to changes in adherence levels. expression of the higher adherence property, by parasit ...	1991	1856625
cryosurvival of trichomonas vaginalis during cryopreservation of human semen.	despite a 90% cryosurvival of trichomonas vaginalis in their growth medium trypticase yeast maltose (tym) with dmso, none of these parasites have previously been observed to survive during cryopreservation of infected human semen with glycerol (andrologia 18, 323 (1986)). this could have been due to the failure of the culture method used to detect low numbers of survivors. the prospects of possible transmission of t. vaginalis by artificial insemination with cryobanked (-196 degrees c) semen pro ...	1991	1864083
[preparation of oxime, hydrazone and dichloroacetamide derivatives. researches of antiparasitic activity].	several oximes, hydrazones and dichloroacétamides were synthesized. the antiparasitic properties of these compounds were evaluated in vitro against two protozoaires entamoeba histolytica and trichomonas vaginalis.	1991	1867460
detection of antitrichomonal antibodies in sera and cervical secretions in trichomoniasis.	the at, ifat and elisa were used to detect circulating and cervical antitrichomonal antibodies, using living and dead whole parasite or soluble protein extract as antigens respectively, in 93 women with proven trichomoniasis and 25 healthy women as controls. the results revealed that the ifa test is the most sensitive one for detecting serum (92.5%) and cervical (87.1%) antibodies. circulating igm rather than igg appeared to be the antibody class involved in infected women, while cervical secret ...	1991	1875069
molecular probe for identification of trichomonas vaginalis dna.	trichomoniasis is one of the most widespread sexually transmitted diseases in the world. diagnosis can be achieved by several methods, such as direct microscopic observation of vaginal discharge, cell culture, and immunological techniques. a 2.3-kb trichomonas vaginalis dna fragment present in strains from diverse geographic areas was cloned and used as a probe to detect t. vaginalis dna in vaginal discharge by a dot blot hybridization technique. this probe was specific for t. vaginalis dna. it ...	1991	1890171
studies on the lethal effect of ultraviolet light on trichomonas vaginalis.	following cultivation in asami medium, centrifugation and resuspension in saline or in water from a medicinal spring, trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites were exposed to well-defined doses of ultraviolet (uv) light (254 nm). we used 24- and 48-h-old trichomonads at concentrations of 1 x 10(5) and 5 x 10(4) trophozoites/ml in a total volume of 20 ml for these studies. the apparatus for uv irradiation was especially constructed for batch experiments. after irradiation at doses ranging from 80 to 16 ...	1991	1891446
hydrogenosomal succinate thiokinase in tritrichomonas foetus and trichomonas vaginalis.	succinate thiokinase displays a diversity of nucleotide specificity and molecular size throughout nature. eukaryotes and gram-positive bacteria possess distinct 'small' (dimeric) thiokinase enzymes which are specific for adenine (adp) or guanine (gdp) nucleotides, whereas gram-negative bacteria contain a single 'large' (tetrameric) enzyme which utilizes both nucleotides. succinate thiokinase activities, both adp- and gdp-dependent, were shown to be hydrogenosomal in tritrichomonas foetus and tri ...	1991	1898409
gonorrhea in women prostitutes: clinical data and auxotypes, serovars, plasmid contents of ppng, and susceptibility profiles.	eighty-nine women prostitutes who underwent clinical and microbiologic examination were found to have gonococcal infection. the median age was 22; 92.1% were from urban areas. nearly all the women prostitutes refrained from barrier methods (92.1%) and had contact with several partners (91.0%). the most frequent clinical findings were leukorrhea (50.6%), cervicitis (20.2%), and pelvic inflammatory disease (pid) (18.0%). eighty-one women prostitutes (93.1%) had experienced a previous std, with chl ...	1991	1902990
proteinases in trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas mobilensis are not exclusively of cysteine type.	high molecular weight proteinases of trichomonas vaginalis (with apparent mr values 142 and greater than 220 kda) and tritrichomonas mobilensis (mr 67, 86, 104 and 120 kda), optimally active at ph8, were analysed in gelatin-containing polyacrylamide gels. all of these proteinases were resistant to serine-, aspartic- as well as cysteine proteinase inhibitors. both proteolytic bands in t. vaginalis and two proteinases in t. mobilensis (67 and 104 kda) were inhibited by edta and egta suggesting tha ...	1991	1903875
the prevalence of gardnerella vaginalis, trichomonas vaginalis and candida albicans in the cytology clinic at ibadan, nigeria.	in a study of 2224 adult women from the cytology clinic of the university college hospital, ibadan, nigeria, the prevalence of 'specific vaginal infection' (i.e. gardnerella vaginalis, trichomonas vaginalis and candida albicans) was 14.5%. for individual organisms, the rates were 9.76% for g. vaginalis, 2.52% for t. vaginalis and 2.20% for c. albicans. about half of the patients were asymptomatic while others were referred from other clinics with vaginal discharge, cervical erosion, post-coital ...	1991	1905467
clinical and microbiologic features of urethritis in men in toulouse, france.	on hundred twenty-six men who attended a hospital microbiology laboratory and 99 men who attended a private laboratory in toulouse, france, for symptoms of urethritis were examined during 1988, for evidence of urethral pathogens. the following incidences were found: neisseria gonorrhoeae: 24 (10.7%); chlamydia trachomatis: 58 (25.8%); ureaplasma urealyticum: 46 (20.4%); gardnerella vaginalis: 21 (9.3%); haemophilus parainfluenzae: 21 (9.3%); streptococcus agalactiae: 15 (6.7%); candida albicans: ...	1991	1907404
in vitro phagocytic interaction between trichomonas vaginalis isolates and bacteria.	the phagocytic activity of 12 trichomonas vaginalis isolates against both gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus atcc 25923, lactobacillus spp.) and gram-negative bacteria (enterobacter cloacae atcc 13047, 5 strains of escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa atcc 27853) was studied. results showed that all the isolates were able to ingest staphylococcus aureus to a variable degree, and almost all of them showed phagocytic activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa. furthermore, experiments ...	1991	1915384
microbiological, epidemiological and clinical correlates of vaginal colonisation by mobiluncus species.	the microbiological and epidemiological correlates of vaginal colonisation by mobiluncus species were examined among randomly selected women attending a sexually transmitted disease (std) clinic. women positive for trichomonas vaginalis were excluded. mobiluncus spp. were detected by gram stained vaginal smear in 21% of 633 std clinic patients, including 53% of those with and 4% of those without bacterial vaginosis (bv), as diagnosed by clinical criteria. gardnerella vaginalis and mycoplasma hom ...	1991	1916772
antibody in sera of patients infected with trichomonas vaginalis is to trichomonad proteinases.	a recent report demonstrated the immunogenic character of the cysteine proteinases of trichomonas vaginalis. it was of interest, therefore, to examine for the presence of serum anti-proteinase antibody among patients with trichomoniasis.	1991	1916796
[pre- and perinatal infections with sexually transmissible microorganisms].	the sexually transmissible pathogenic microorganisms, which are also capable of initiating pre- or perinatal infections, include neisseria gonorrhoeae, treponema pallidum, chlamydia trachomatis serovars d through k, group b streptococci, urogenital mycoplasmas, herpes simplex viruses types i and ii, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis b virus, human immunodeficiency viruses, human papillomaviruses, candida spp. and trichomonas vaginalis. with special emphasis on paediatric and neonatological aspects, bri ...	1991	1922115
trichomonas vaginalis hydrogenosomal proteins are synthesized on free polyribosomes and may undergo processing upon maturation.		1991	1922201
[synthesis and antiparasitic activity of various n-acetylacetates of nitrogen heterocycles].	the synthesis and the study of the antiparasitic activity of various heterocyclic n-ethylacetates derived from substituted derivatives of piperazine, benzimidazole and benzotriazole do not show antiparasitic property. a slight activity on entamoeba histolytica and trichomonas vaginalis is noted with the nitro derivatives of benzimidazole and benzotriazole.	1991	1929120
demographic and behavioral predictors of trichomonas vaginalis infection among pregnant women. the vaginal infections and prematurity study group.	there is little available information on the demographic and behavioral factors associated with trichomonas vaginalis in pregnant women. among 13,816 women from six urban clinic centers, the prevalence rate by culture at mid-pregnancy was 12.6%. women colonized with t vaginalis were significantly more likely to be black, cigarette smokers, unmarried, and less educated (all p less than .01). several behavioral factors associated with t vaginalis included greater numbers of sexual partners both li ...	1991	1945213
the effect of giardia lamblia trophozoites on lipolysis in vitro.	infection with giardia lamblia often causes only minor mucosal changes to the small intestine yet frank fat malabsorption may still occur. some evidence suggests abnormal pancreatic exocrine function in subjects with giardiasis although the mechanism and significance of this is unclear. studies were conducted in vitro to determine the effect of g. lamblia trophozoites or culture filtrates from the organism on lipolysis of triglyceride by porcine pancreatic lipase. live trophozoites significantly ...	1991	1945523
prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis in men at high risk for sexually transmitted diseases.	this study determined the prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis in young men who were at high risk for sexually transmitted diseases; compared different diagnostic tests for trichomonads; and compared sexual behavior of men with positive and negative trichomonas test results. men (85) aged 16-22 years inclusive, were recruited from a job-training program to participate in this study. urethral specimens were obtained after prostatic massage for the isolation of neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trac ...	1991	1948509
medical health care for viennese prostitutes.	in vienna, legalized prostitution is tightly controlled by the advisory board of the viennese public health service. registered prostitutes are routinely screened for all important stds, such as syphilis, hiv, gonorrhea, chlamydial- and yeast-infections, and trichomonas vaginalis. furthermore, cytological smears are obtained from the cervix and chest x-rays are performed at least once a year. in all pathological findings, an appropriate therapy is implemented. presenting data of 1989, out of the ...	1991	1948514
adjunctive clindamycin therapy for preterm labor: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.	a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerance of a course of clindamycin (administered for 3 days intravenously and 4 days orally) among hospitalized women with preterm labor at less than or equal to 34 weeks' gestation who were treated with tocolytics. one hundred three woman-perinate pairs were analyzed. univariate analysis demonstrated that pregnancies were continued longer in women treated with clindamycin than in women who ...	1991	1951545
purification and characterization of methionine gamma-lyase from trichomonas vaginalis.	methionine gamma-lyase (ec 4.4.1.11) was purified to homogeneity from the anaerobic protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis by a series of f.p.l.c. procedures. the enzyme catalyses alpha gamma- and alpha beta-elimination reactions of a number of derivatives of methionine and cysteine. it also catalyses gamma-replacement reactions of the thiomethyl group of methionine, homocysteine and ethionine to yield the corresponding s-substituted homocysteine derivative. the enzyme is pyridoxal 5'-phosphat ...	1991	1953661
the parasitic flagellates trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus produce indole and dimethyl disulphide: direct characterization by membrane inlet tandem mass spectrometry.	the use of a membrane inlet triple quadrupole mass spectrometer revealed indole as an end product in the growth medium of cultures of the cattle parasite tritrichomonas foetus and the human parasite trichomonas vaginalis: formation of indole is enhanced in the presence of added tryptophan. two different clinical isolates of trich. vaginalis also produce dimethyl disulphide. electron impact ionization yielded complex fragmentation mixtures, but the facility for analysis of daughter ions enabled u ...	1991	1955862
chemorepulsion of trichomonads by products of neutrophil oxidative metabolism.	to determine whether secreted neutrophil products affect the migration of motile microorganisms such as trichomonas vaginalis, stimulated human neutrophils and cell-free oxygen metabolites were used as stimuli in a multiwell filter chemotaxis assay using tritiated t. vaginalis. when stimulated neutrophils were present on the opposite side of the filter, migration of t. vaginalis into the filter was significantly diminished, and this reduction varied with the dose of neutrophil stimulus. the redu ...	1991	1984465
no detection of characteristic fungal protein elongation factor ef-3 in pneumocystis carinii.	the taxonomic status of pneumocystis carinii is uncertain, and p. carinii has been categorized both as a fungus and as a protozoan. recent comparisons of rna sequence homologies between p. carinii and several genera of fungi and protozoa suggest that p. carinii has closer affinities with the ascomycetes than with the protozoa. the translatory systems of the fungi, however, require three soluble protein factors for peptide chain elongation rather than the two necessary in other eukaryotic systems ...	1991	1995744