Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| pcr enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of leishmaniasis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. | a pcr enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) involving the use of bone marrow aspirates (bma) and blood samples (bs) for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients was developed with primers selected from the sequence of the small-subunit rrna gene and compared with direct examination and in vitro cultivation. the pcr was optimized for routine diagnosis: processing of samples with lysis of erythrocytes without isolation of leukocytes, enzyma ... | 1996 | 8784604 |
| synthetic peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. | synthetic peptides, derived from the amino acid sequence of a leishmania donovani clone, were used to develop an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detecting antibodies against l. donovani. for this purpose, five peptides were conjugated to a protein carrier, human serum albumin (hsa), by using a heterobifunctional reagent, epsilon-maleimidocaproic acid n-hydroxysuccinimide ester, to obtain a well-defined product. the sensitivity and the specificity of the peptide-specific elisa were ... | 1996 | 8788994 |
| structure and function of the natural-resistance-associated macrophage protein (nramp1), a candidate protein for infectious and autoimmune disease susceptibility. | the ability of macrophages to become activated is central to antimicrobial immunity. microbial stimuli can elicit a cascade of gene-inductive events mediating inflammation, elimination of the invading organism and induction of t-cell memory against reinvasion. nramp1, a gene originally identified as ity/lsh/bcg for its role in controlling salmonella typhimurium, leishmania donovani and mycobacterium bovis infections in mice, regulates this cascade. here we examine how the structure of the nramp1 ... | 1996 | 8796889 |
| induction of macrophage antiprotozoal activity by monocyte chemotactic and activating factor. | to determine if monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (mcaf) induces intracellular antimicrobial activity, human monocyte-derived macrophages were treated with mcaf and challenged with toxoplasma gondii and leishmania donovani. pretreatment with mcaf induced macrophages to inhibit protozoal replication by approximately 50%. these findings suggest a potential host defense role for mcaf in the inflammatory response to intracellular pathogens. | 1996 | 8804977 |
| sinefungin and taxol effects on cell cycle and cytoskeleton of leishmania donovani promastigotes. | sinefungin is an antibiotic possessing a strong anti-leishmanial activity. among the most important effects of this molecule on leishmania donovani promastigotes are morphological modifications and a very rapid and effective inhibition of dna synthesis. these cells contain a single dna-rich mitochondrion whose division cycle is coordinated with the nuclear division cycle. we have developed a flow-cytometric procedure based upon mithramycin as fluorochrome that can perform quantitative cell cycle ... | 1996 | 8806432 |
| evidence of a laminin binding protein on the surface of leishmania donovani. | both the promastigote and amastigote forms of the intracellular parasite, leishmania donovani bind the basement membrane glycoprotein laminin with high affinity (kd = 3.56 x 10(-9) m and 3.98 x 10(-9) m respectively) with approximately 9000 and approximately 800 sites per cell. bound laminin was identified by direct autoradiography and the binding protein through analysis of the parasite extract by sds-page and immunoblotting. a major component of 67 kda was detected. the same protein was obtain ... | 1996 | 8806598 |
| synergism of il-2-stimulated splenocytes and pentostam enhances the killing of leishmania donovani in vitro. | control of infections by the obligate intramacrophage protozoan parasite leishmania donovani is traditionally done with pentavalent antimonial drugs. it was of interest to determine if immunotherapy with il-2-stimulated splenocytes would enhance drug action in an in vitro model system. it is confirmed that nontoxic doses of pentostam decrease infection in a dose-dependent manner in vitro in terms of both the number of amastigotes/100 macrophages and the % of infected macrophages; the curative ef ... | 1996 | 8808645 |
| medium-range restriction maps of five chromosomes of leishmania infantum and localization of size-variable regions. | the chromosomes of the human protozoan parasite leishmania exhibit striking size polymorphisms among different strains. to define the structural basis for these variations, we have constructed full-length restriction maps of five chromosomes of 370 to 490 kb in leishmania infantum clone lem1317. rare-cutting sites for the enzymes asei, drai, xbai, sspi, spei, and sfii were mapped by partial and complete digestion of either gel-purified chromosomes or total dna. sixty-eight anonymous dna probes w ... | 1996 | 8812485 |
| identification and overexpression of the a2 amastigote-specific protein in leishmania donovani. | leishmania protozoa must adapt rapidly to widely different environments and thus exist as promastigotes in their sandfly host and as amastigotes in their mammalian host. promastigote differentiation into amastigotes is accompanied by both morphological and biological changes. the molecular mechanisms regulating the differentiation and survival of the different life cycle stages are poorly understood. we have therefore undertaken to identify and characterize amastigote-specific genes and their co ... | 1996 | 8813679 |
| structure-function analysis of leishmania lipophosphoglycan. distinct domains that mediate binding and inhibition of endothelial cell function. | we have shown that leishmania lipophosphoglycan (lpg) inhibits il-1 beta gene expression in human monocytes. here, we show that lpg can bind in a time-dependent manner and suppress endothelial cell activation, possibly via specific lpg domains. endotoxin (10 ng/ml, 4 h) consistently caused endothelium to increase monocyte adhesion (approximately 20-fold). lpg pretreatment (2 microm, 2 h) completely blocked endotoxin-mediated monocyte adhesion. lpg did not grossly suppress endothelial functions b ... | 1996 | 8816410 |
| characterization of murine lung interstitial macrophages in comparison with alveolar macrophages in vitro. | the present study was performed to characterize the immunologic potential of interstitial macrophages (int) in comparison with alveolar macrophages (al). the data showed that al, compared with int, have a more efficient phagocytic potential. in addition, they have a strong microbicidal activity and secrete large amounts of reactive oxygen radicals, nitric oxides, tnf, and ifn on appropriate stimulation. they also exert strong tumoricidal and parasiticidal activities. in contrast, int are more ef ... | 1996 | 8816420 |
| antileishmanial effect of a potent s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase inhibitor: cgp 40215a. | cgp 40215a, specific s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (adometdc) inhibitor was found to inhibit the growth of leishmania donovani promastigotes (strain ur6) in a dose-dependent manner with an ic50 of 18 microm. the growth inhibition was reversed with 100 microm of spermidine and spermine. the growth inhibition in vitro by this inhibitor was accompanied by a significant decrease in adometdc activity and spermidine levels. cgp 40215a was more potent than other adometdc inhibitors, berenil or met ... | 1996 | 8817649 |
| leishmania donovani attachment stimulates pkc-mediated oxidative events in bone marrow-derived macrophages. | we investigated activation signaling events in bone marrow-derived macrophages after infection with leishmania donovani, an intracellular parasite of macrophages. leishmania donovani infection caused a general suppression of activation parameters like o2- and no production. however, conditions which allow parasite attachment and prevent entry resulted in triggering of o2- and no production and stimulation of o2 consumption. optimal no and o2- production occurred when bone marrow-derived macropha ... | 1996 | 8822807 |
| [visceral leishmaniasis refractory to treatment: the efficacy of amphotericin b]. | 1996 | 8830578 | |
| the roles of phlebotomus martini and p.celiae (diptera: phlebotominae) as vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in the aba roba focus, southern ethiopia. | during field studies (december 1988 to april 1990) to determine the vectors of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) in the aba roba (segen valley) focus of southern ethiopia, a total of 40,770 sandflies (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) were collected and identified as six species of phlebotomus and seventeen sergentomyia spp. nine of these species were anthropophilic (four phlebotomus and five sergentomyia spp.), the dominant being phlebotomus (synphlebotomus) martini, p.(s.)celiae and sergen ... | 1996 | 8834743 |
| visceral leishmaniasis misdiagnosed as malignant lymphoma. | visceral leishmaniasis is a chronic infectious disease caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus leishmania, characterized by intermittent fever, monocytosis, hepatosplenomegaly and hypergammaglobulinemia. this morbid condition is rather difficult to diagnose correctly, especially at its early stage, because it is rarely encountered in japan. recently we treated a case of visceral leishmaniasis in which the patient was misdiagnosed as malignant lymphoma, and went through splenectomy and steroi ... | 1996 | 8835605 |
| isolation of lipophosphoglycans from leishmania donovani amastigotes. | leishmania donovani donovani amastigotes, isolated from spleens of infected hamsters or axenically cultured, and promastigotes were comparatively examined for the expression of lipophosphoglycans (lpg). parasites were metabolically labeled with [32p]-phosphate, [3h]galactose, or [3h]mannose. radiolabeled material was extracted with water/ethanol/diethylether/pyridine/nh40h and purified further by gel filtration and hydrophobic column chromatographies. these radiolabeled compounds were identified ... | 1996 | 8837732 |
| [protracted fever, splenomegaly and pancytopenia in a 19-year-old man]. | 1996 | 8846979 | |
| activity of oral atovaquone alone and in combination with antimony in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | balb/c mice with established visceral infection caused by the intracellular protozoan leishmania donovani were treated with oral atovaquone for 7 days. treatment with 100 mg/kg of body weight per day was optimal and halted parasite replication in the liver. in mice treated with atovaquone, the effect of a suboptimal dose of pentavalent antimony was converted from partially leishmanistatic to leishmanicidal. these results demonstrate the in vivo antileishmanial effect of atovaquone and suggest a ... | 1996 | 8851575 |
| activity and mode of action of acridine compounds against leishmania donovani. | in the present work, we have assayed both the in vitro and in vivo action of two acridine compounds against leishmania donovani. as part of this effort, we have studied the possible action mechanism of these compounds at the ultrastructural and biochemical levels and in relation to the synthesis of macromolecules. the two acridinones inhibit the in vitro growth of the promastigote forms of l. donovani at the highest concentration assayed (100 micrograms/ml). the in vivo results indicate that bot ... | 1996 | 8851593 |
| drug delivery system: targeting of pentamidines to specific sites using sugar grafted liposomes. | different sugar-grafted liposomes were prepared and tested against experimental leishmaniasis in vivo using the classical drug pentamidine isethionate and its methoxy derivative. both the drugs, when encapsulated in sugar-grafted liposomes were found to be more potent in comparison to normal liposome-encapsulated drug or to the free drug. moreover, the mannose-grafted liposomes were adjudged to be the best in lowering of spleen parasite load in comparison with those bearing glucose or galactose. ... | 1996 | 8858467 |
| crystallization of the purine salvage enzyme adenine phosphoribosyltransferase. | adenine phosphoribosyltransferase from the protozoan parasite leishmania donovani has been crystallized in the presence of the substrate mg(2+)-alpha-d-5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (prpp) or the product adenosine-5-monophosphate, as well as in the absence of ligand. these crystals belong to the space group p6(1)22 or its enantiomorph p6(5)22, with unit cell dimensions of a = b = 64.0 a, c = 240.5 a, alpha = beta = 90 degrees, and gamma = 120 degrees. the crystals diffract to 1.9 a. | 1996 | 8865346 |
| leishmania infantum: infection of macrophages in vitro with promastigotes. | leishmania infantum promastigotes in axenic culture exhibit limited infectivity for mouse peritoneal macrophages (m phi) in vitro using standard culture conditions (37 degrees c; 95% air/5% co2) compared to leishmania donovani promastigotes which induce notable infections. the infectivity of logarithmic (log) and stationary (stat) phase promastigotes of l. infantum was enhanced by the addition of fresh homologous serum, but no amastigotes were observed after 4 days. prolonged infections, includi ... | 1996 | 8875306 |
| transbilayer inhibition of protein kinase c by the lipophosphoglycan from leishmania donovani. | lipophosphoglycan (lpg), the predominant molecule on the surface of the parasite leishmania donovani, has previously been shown to be a potent inhibitor of protein kinase c (pkc) isolated from rat brain. the mechanism by which lpg inhibits pkc was further investigated in this study. lpg was found to inhibit the pkc alpha-catalyzed phosphorylation of histone in assays using large unilamellar vesicles composed of 1-palmitoyl, 2-oleoyl phosphatidylserine and 1-palmitoyl, 2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholin ... | 1996 | 8876188 |
| blood, bone marrow and splenic lymphocyte subset profiles in indian visceral leishmaniasis. | we examined the lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood, bone marrow and spleen of 11 patients with acute visceral leishmaniasis (vl) and 9 with chronic vl before and after 8 weeks of antileishmanial therapy. on admission, the cd4 cell count was depressed in the peripheral blood of acute and chronic vl cases as compared to the value in 10 normal control subjects. in contrast, cd4 cell counts were higher in the bone marrow in acute and chronic cases, and in splenic aspirates of chronic cases only, ... | 1996 | 8882198 |
| leishmania donovani possess a nadph-dependent alkylglycerol cleavage enzyme. | leishmania parasites possess an abundance of ether-linked hydrocarbons as components of phospholipids and glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors of glycoproteins and polysaccharides, including important surface molecules such as lipophosphoglycan (lpg) and glycosylinositolphospholipids (gipls). cleavage of the ether bond is an important feature in the turnover pathway of alkylglycerols. in mammals, ether lipid cleavage activity requires a pteridine cofactor (h4 biopterin), suggesting the potential ... | 1996 | 8886025 |
| immunology of murine leishmaniasis. | 1996 | 8889322 | |
| diagnosis of leishmaniasis. | 1996 | 8889324 | |
| relative resistance of promastigotes of a virulent and an avirulent strain of leishmania donovani to hydrogen peroxide. | sensitivity of promastigotes of leishmania donovani (dd-8, virulent: ur-6 avirulent strain) to hydrogen peroxide has been studied in vitro conditions. there was a dose-dependent toxic effect of h2o2 on both strains. the promastigotes of dd-8 strain, however, were more resistant compared to ur-6 strain. the cell response was not affected by the forms of h2o2 stress, for instance, single-dose exposure with reagent h2o2 or equivalent amount generated over a period of 1 h. dd-8 promastigotes removed ... | 1996 | 8891670 |
| conservation of low-copy gene loci in old world leishmanias identifies mechanisms of parasite evolution and diagnostic markers. | genome plasticity has been hypothesized to be a driving force behind parasite speciation. we have evaluated divergence in single and low-copy genes in terms of locus organization, chromosomal localization and gene expression in leishmania infantum, l. major, l. tropica and three widely divergent geographic isolates of l. donovani. seventeen genes of low to moderate copy number (1-4 copies/haploid genome) were analyzed to identify restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) providing herita ... | 1996 | 8892303 |
| isolation and characterization of leishmania donovani calreticulin gene and its conservation of the rna binding activity. | calreticulin has been implicated in multiple cell functions. recently, we have shown that both human and simian calreticulin are rna binding proteins and that their binding activity is due to phosphorylation. to demonstrate that the rna binding property of calreticulin is an intrinsic part of this multi-functional molecule and is evolutionarily conserved, we isolated and characterized the calreticulin gene from the unicellular parasite, leishmania donovani. amino acid sequence homology between h ... | 1996 | 8892305 |
| molecular characterization of the kinetoplastid membrane protein-11 from african trypanosomes. | the kinetoplastid membrane protein-11 molecule was purified from trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and an internal peptide sequence was obtained. this sequence information was used with cosmid library screening and polymerase chain reaction amplifications of both genomic dna and cdna to obtain the entire dna sequence of the encoding gene and the corresponding translated amino acid sequence of 92 residues. the sequence showed 18% divergence from the corresponding molecule of the related kinetoplasti ... | 1996 | 8892307 |
| digestive leishmaniasis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a light and electron microscopic study of two cases. | an increased incidence of visceral leishmaniasis in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is observed in areas in which both infectious diseases are endemic. intensive worldwide traveling has also resulted recently in an increasing number of leishmanial and hiv coinfections in nonendemic areas. we describe the clinical, light microscopic, and ultrastructural features of two cases of imported, hiv-related, visceral leishmaniasis involving the alimentary tract, including th ... | 1996 | 8902832 |
| leishmania donovani: metabolite mapping of promastigotes using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. | proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used for studying the intracellular metabolite profile of promastigotes of leishmania donovani. the major intracellular metabolites observed in the promastigotes were acetate, alanine, succinate, glycine, alpha-glycerophosphorylcholine, acetoacetate, arginine and ethanol. a comparative study of the intracellular metabolite profile of promastigotes of different strains of l. donovani showed that, all the major intracellular metabolites were prese ... | 1996 | 8905621 |
| the outcome of the parasitic process initiated by leishmania infantum in laboratory mice: a tissue-dependent pattern controlled by the lsh and mhc loci. | human visceral leishmaniasis is mainly due to intracellular protozoan parasites of the leishmania donovani complex, i.e., l. donovani and l. infantum (or l. chagasi). a mouse model has been established to monitor 1) the parasitic process initiated by l. infantum in three tissues they invade, and 2) parameters of the acquired immune response they trigger. mice congenic at the lsh locus and mice of inbred strains differing at the mhc locus have been inoculated by the i.v. route with l. infantum. t ... | 1996 | 8906832 |
| antileishmanial activity of rac-1-dodecyl-2-octanamido-2-deoxy-glycerophosphocholine, a new dialkylglycerophosphocholine, in vitro. | 1996 | 8915134 | |
| pentavalent antimony-mannan conjugate therapy of experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | pentavalent antimony-mannan (sb[v]-mannan) was 10-fold more potent than sodium stibogluconate in a murine model of visceral leishmaniasis. liver antimony concentrations were six-fold higher after sb[v]-mannan therapy compared with a dose of sodium stibogluconate that was equipotent in reducing liver parasite burdens. murine toxicity of sb[v]-mannan was variable, with a 50% lethal dose (ld50) for one preparation that was well above the concentration that killed 90% of the parasites, and for anoth ... | 1996 | 8916804 |
| an m(r) 145,000 low-density lipoprotein (ldl)-binding protein is conserved throughout the kinetoplastida order. | in view of the importance of the low-density lipoprotein (ldl)-receptor in trypanosoma brucei, we have examined whether other bloodstream trypanosomes of medical and veterinary importance (t.b. rhodesiense, t. equiperdum, t. vivax, t. congolense), but also related parasites developing in mammalian (leishmania donovani) and non-mammalian hosts (crithidia luciliae and phytomonas sp. isolated from euphorbia), would possess an ldl-receptor of their own. (1) all these parasites specifically accumulat ... | 1996 | 8919994 |
| in vitro activity and biochemical effectiveness of new organometallic complexes of osmium(iii) against leishmania donovani and trypanosoma cruzi. | in the present paper, the in vitro activities of 10 osmium(iii) complexes with [osiii(l)] degrees structure against promastigote forms of leishmania donovani and epimastigote forms of trypanosoma cruzi haven been assayed. the complexes osiii-2,4dinitroimidazole dithiocarbamate, osiii-4-nitroimidazole dithiocarbamate, osiii-benznidazole dithiocarbamate and osiii-2-amino-6-br-benzothiazole dithiocarbamate induced high percentages of growth inhibition in the parasites. the four compounds showed mod ... | 1996 | 8931894 |
| an in vivo analysis of cytokine production during leishmania donovani infection in scid mice. | leishmania donovani, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis, fails to induce nk cell activation in scid mice. in order to further our understanding of the host response to l. donovani, we analysed cytokine mrna accumulation and tnf alpha protein synthesis in the liver of scid and balb/c mice infected with this parasite. scid mice infected with l. donovani exhibited very little proinflammatory response, as measured by cytokine mrna accumulation and tnf alpha protein expression, supporting ... | 1996 | 8932769 |
| creation of homozygous mutants of leishmania donovani with single targeting constructs. | homozygous null mutants of the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hgprt) and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (aprt) loci were created in leishmania donovani in which both alleles were eliminated using only a single targeting construct. functional heterozygotes were first generated by homologous recombination after transfection with vectors containing 5'- and 3'-flanking regions of either the hgprt or the aprt gene circumscribing drug resistance markers. homozygous null mutants wer ... | 1996 | 8940067 |
| serodiagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis: assessment of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a peptide sequence from gene b protein. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using a 28 amino acid sequence of the repetitive element of gene b protein (gbp) from leishmania major was developed for serodiagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl). the assay was compared to elisas using crude amastigote and promastigote antigens from l. donovani and the major surface glycoprotein (gp63) from either l. donovani or l. major as a solid-phase ligand. the sensitivity of the assays was tested in 33 patients suffering from cl caused by l ... | 1996 | 8940979 |
| antigenic components of partially purified antigens of leishmania donovani infantum recognized by sera from dogs with asymptomatic or active visceral leishmaniasis. | the antigenic components of a semipurified fraction of leishmania donovani infantum were determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blot analysis using 14 serum samples from dogs with symptomatic visceral leishmaniasis and 11 serum samples from apparently healthy dogs collected in an area endemic for canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl). it was found that these antigens were composed of many polypeptides, among which seven components recognized by symptoma ... | 1996 | 8940982 |
| hepatic extracellular matrix in balb/c mice infected with leishmania donovani. | the development of the extracellular matrix (ecm) in the liver of the balb/c mouse infected with leishmania donovani was observed by histology, immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy at 1, 2, 4, 8, 14 and 20 weeks after infection. collagen iii and proteoglycan were detected in granulomas and in the portal spaces from 4 to 20 weeks after infection. laminin was not detected in granulomas but was observed in the basement membrane of new small blood vessels in the granulation tissue around the ... | 1996 | 8943737 |
| enhancement of leishmanicidal activity of human macrophages against leishmania major and leishmania donovani infection using recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor. | the in vitro effect of recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (rh-gmcsf) on the leishmanicidal activity and superoxide anion productivity of macrophages derived from human blood monocytes (mos) were investigated. mos treated with 25, 125, or 250 u/ml of rh-gmcsf for 72 h prior to infection with leishmania parasites, manifested significant dose-dependent increase in its leishmanicidal activities against leishmania major and leishmania donovani parasites. the percentage ... | 1996 | 8946701 |
| effect of leishmania donovani antigens on superoxide anion generation by mice polymorph in vitro. | the present study was planned to study the effect of priming of balb/c mice peritoneal polymorphs (pmnls) by viable, heat killed and formaline fixed promastigotes of l. donovani and soluble extract of proteins of l. donovani promastigotes on their capacity to produce toxic oxygen radicals (tor). tor production was measured by superoxide dismutase (sod), inhibitable cytochrome c reduction and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction tests. no significant stimulation or inhibition in sod inhibitable cytoch ... | 1996 | 8952177 |
| [detection of leishmania in bone marrow using an automatic hemoculture system]. | 1996 | 8962897 | |
| delivery of human interferon-gamma via gene transfer in vitro: prolonged expression and induction of macrophage antimicrobial activity. | daily parenteral administration of exogenous interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) induces or accelerates recovery in experimental and human infections. to develop an alternative delivery system, a replication-defective recombinant adenovirus expressing human ifn-gamma was constructed. the complete coding region of ifn-gamma was amplified by rt-pcr and inserted into an adenovirus cloning vector under the control of a human cytomegalovirus promoter. recombinant adenovirus containing the ifn-gamma minigene ... | 1996 | 8974003 |
| immunobiology of visceral leishmaniasis. | 1996 | 8625552 | |
| animal reservoirs of leishmaniasis in marigat, baringo district, kenya. | a total of 1128 rodents belonging to seven genera were examined for leishmanial parasites over a period of sixteen months. parasites were isolated from 36 (12.5%) tatera robusta, 3 (0.5%) arvicanthis niloticus, and 2 (0.8%) mastomys natalensis. all isolates were characterised by isoenzyme analysis using nine enzymes. the enzymes examined were: malate dehydrogenase (mdh), phosphoglucomutase (pgm), glucose phosphate isomerase (gpi), isocitrate dehydrogenase (icd), nucleoside hydrolase (nh), glucos ... | 1996 | 8625862 |
| rk39: a cloned antigen of leishmania chagasi that predicts active visceral leishmaniasis. | the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (vl), a serious and often fatal parasitic disease caused by members of the leishmania donovani complex, remains problematic. current methods rely on clinical criteria, parasite identification in aspirate material, and serology. the latter methods use crude antigen preparations lacking in specificity. a previously described cloned antigen, rk39, of leishmania specific for all members of the l. donovani complex (l. chagasi, l. donovani, l. infantum) was very ... | 1996 | 8627048 |
| leishmania promastigotes selectively inhibit interleukin 12 induction in bone marrow-derived macrophages from susceptible and resistant mice. | leishmania major promastigotes were found to avoid activation of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (bmm0) in vitro for production of cytokines that are typically induced during infection with other intracellular pathogens. coexposure of bmm0 to the parasite and other microbial stimuli resulted in complete inhibition of interleukin (il) 12 (p40) mrna induction and il-12 release. in contrast, mrna and protein levels for il-1(alpha), il-1(beta), tumor necrosis factor (tnf) alpha, and inducible ... | 1996 | 8627163 |
| il-2-stimulated splenocytes reduce infections by leishmania donovani in vivo. | the traditional treatment of infections produced by the obligate intramacrophage protozoan leishmania donovani involves the use of antimonial drugs. because these drugs may have toxic side effects (and are sometimes ineffective), the potential efficacy of alternative therapy with lymphokine-stimulated leucocytes was assessed. macrophage-depleted c57bl/6 splenocytes from mice inoculated 2 wk earlier with l. donovani were stimulated in vitro with the interleukin-2-containing supernatant of mla 144 ... | 1996 | 8627506 |
| dna polymerases from a parasitic protozoa leishmania donovani ur6: evidence of presence of a novel kind of dna polymerase. | dna polymerases of leishmania donovani have been isolated and purified. the cell extract has been chromatographed on a phosphocellulose column that separated into three peaks. the activity peak 1 was further purified to homogeneity. the dna polymerase is a 64 kda polypeptide, resistant to n-ethylmaleimide and aphidicolin. it requires mncl2 and a high concentration of kcl (0.5 m) for maximal activity. it has both 3' to 5' and 5' to 3' exonuclease activities that reside in the same polypeptide. | 1996 | 8630018 |
| structural organization, sequence, and expression of the chicken nramp1 gene encoding the natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1. | one of the most common causes of food poisoning in humans is salmonellosis, which is frequently caused by ingestion with salmonella-contaminated poultry products. several lines of evidence suggest that genetic factors control resistance and susceptibility of chickens to infection with salmonellae. in the mouse, innate resistance to infection with intracellular pathogens such as salmonella typhimurium, several species of mycobacteria, and leishmania donovani is controlled by the mouse chromosome ... | 1996 | 8634139 |
| reactivity of various leishmanial antigens in a direct agglutination test and their value in differentiating post-kala azar dermal leishmaniasis from leprosy and other skin conditions. | a direct agglutination test (dat) for the detection of post-kala azar dermal leishmaniasis (pkdl) was evaluated in conditions that simulate the disease clinically or immunologically. a reference strain of leishmania donovani (lem 1399), and antigen preparations from leishmania isolates from bangladeshi patients with post-kala azar dermal leishmaniasis or visceral leishmaniasis were used. a titre of at least 51,200 was obtained in tests of patients with pkdl with all three antigens, whereas a max ... | 1996 | 8642576 |
| c-reactive protein binds to a novel ligand on leishmania donovani and increases uptake into human macrophages. | c-reactive protein (crp) is a major acute phase protein of man, with serum concentrations increasing dramatically following stimulation of hepatocytes by inflammatory cytokines. however, the role of crp in inflammation and resistance to infection is still poorly understood. here, the specificity of crp binding to the surface of leishmania donovani, an obligate intracellular parasite of mononuclear phagocytes, is described. crp is shown to bind to promastigotes at the infectious metacyclic stage ... | 1996 | 8648114 |
| leishmaniasis in aids patients: results of leukocytoconcentration, a fast biological method of diagnosis. | leukocytoconcentration is an easy, fast and inexpensive technique for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis from peripheral blood. the technique involves concentration of blood parasites on a small surface of a microscope slide while the red blood cells are removed by lysis. the results, compared with those of other methods (examination of cultures of blood samples and bone marrow smears), were very good and accurate. all but one of our cases of leishmaniasis were patients with hiv co-infection. leukoc ... | 1996 | 8653821 |
| a simple method for maintaining, detecting and recovering virulent leishmania donovani in hamsters. | the ability of hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) to retain amastigotes of leishmania donovani at cutaneous sites was examined. following intradermal inoculation of l. donovani stationary phase culture promastigotes in fore and hind footpads, nasal area and belly skin, cultures of aspirates taken fortnightly from these sites showed that amastigotes can survive in the skin for up to 10 months without visceralizing. hairless cutaneous sites were better at retaining l. donovani amastigotes than the ha ... | 1996 | 8659325 |
| kinetics and stoichiometry of a proton/myo-inositol cotransporter. | voltage clamp recording was used to measure steady-state and presteady-state currents mediated by a myo-inositol transporter cloned from leishmania donovani and expressed in xenopus oocytes. application of myo-inositol resulted in inward currents, which did not require external sodium and which were increased by increasing the extracellular proton concentration and by membrane hyperpolarization. alkalinization of the extracellular space occurred concomitantly with myo-inositol influx. correlatio ... | 1996 | 8663013 |
| the developmental expression of leishmania donovani a2 amastigote-specific genes is post-transcriptionally mediated and involves elements located in the 3'-untranslated region. | leishmania donovani is a protozoan parasite that exists as a free-living promastigote in the sandfly insect vector and as an amastigote inside the mammalian host macrophage phagolysosome compartment. the l. donovani a2 genes have been described previously as developmentally expressed in amastigotes but can be induced experimentally in promastigotes by a combination of ph and temperature shifts, conditions that mimic the phagolysosomal compartment of the macrophage cell. considering the importanc ... | 1996 | 8663340 |
| (s)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine [(s)-hpmpa]: a purine analogue with trypanocidal activity in vitro and in vivo. | the unique features of purine salvage systems of pathogenic haemoflagellates render them selectively susceptible to the cytotoxic effects of purine analogues. a series of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates were evaluated for activity against pathogenic haemoflagellates in vitro. one of the phosphonylmethoxyalkylpurines, namely (s)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine [(s)-hpmpa], was active in vitro against bloodstream forms of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, t. b. gambiense, multidrug-re ... | 1996 | 8665394 |
| visceral leishmaniasis and renal tuberculosis in a patient on maintenance haemodialysis. | 1996 | 8671866 | |
| disposition of antimony after the administration of n-methylglucamine antimoniate to dogs. | a study was carried out in dogs to define the pharmacokinetic profile of antimony and to define a better therapeutic protocol for the treatment of canine leishmaniasis. six healthy beagle dogs received 100 mg/kg of n-methylglucamine antimoniate containing 27.2 per cent of antimony intravenously, intramuscularly and subcutaneously. after intravenous administration the plasma concentration of antimony decreased rapidly and after 240 minutes it was lower than the ed50 values suggested for leishmani ... | 1996 | 8677619 |
| comparative study of infectivity caused by promastigotes of leishmania infantum mon-1, l. infantum mon-24 and l. donovani mon-18. | the mechanisms which permit leishmania to survive inside macrophages are not totally understood although it is known that prolonged culture in vitro results in loss of virulence. one of the cell surface molecules often implicated in virulence mechanisms is the glycoprotein of 63 kda (gp63). in this work we studied changes in infectivity of l. infantum promastigotes maintained in vitro by subcultures, correlated with the proteolytic activity of gp63. it was observed that l. infantum mon-1 promast ... | 1996 | 8682411 |
| protozoan infections in the male genital tract. | we reviewed the literature on protozoan infections in the male genital tract, with special reference to histopathological findings and their repercussions on different andrological functions. | 1996 | 8683676 |
| two conformationally vicinal thiols at the active site of leishmania donovani adenosine kinase. | inactivation of adenosine kinase (adk) from leishmania donovani correlates with the modification of two conformationally vicinal cysteine residues. in contrast, adk from hamster liver, despite being sensitive to monothiol-blocking reagents, was insensitive to dithiol modifiers. inactivation kinetics and substrate-protection studies along with double-modification experiments successively with n-ethylmaleimide in the presence of ado and sodium m-arsenite-2,3-dimercaptopropanol or diazenedicarboxyl ... | 1996 | 8687385 |
| a 7-month-old girl with fever and bleeding. | 1996 | 8602061 | |
| models of relapse of experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | to establish models for studying recurrence of visceral leishmaniasis, a growing problem in t cell-deficient patients, two approaches were investigated: treatment of euthymic balb/c mice with quiescent leishmania donovani infection with t cell-depleting or anti-cytokine antibodies and serial observation of acutely infected nude balb/c mice after an initial antileishmanial response induced by amphotericin b treatment. in chronically infected euthymic mice, maintenance of acquired immunity and pre ... | 1996 | 8603949 |
| microbicidal mechanisms of liver macrophages in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | to study the differential microbicidal potentials of liver macrophages, the oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent pathways in kupffer cells and immigrant macrophages of leishmania donovani-infected balb/c mice were investigated. hydrogen peroxide assay was performed using horse radish peroxidase-dependent oxidation of phenol red to quantitate the reactive oxygen species produced. to examine the oxygen-independent pathway, the enzymes n-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (nag) and beta-glucuronidase ( ... | 1996 | 8611190 |
| pentamidine uptake in leishmania donovani and leishmania amazonensis promastigotes and axenic amastigotes. | a transport system for pentamidine in leishmania donovani and leishmania amazonensis promastigotes and axenic amastigotes has been identified and characterized. pentamidine is not metabolized by these parasites. its uptake process is saturable, carrier-mediated and energy-dependent. this drug does not inhibit purine or pyrimidine uptake, whereas it inhibits uptake of several amino acids non-competitively and that of putrescine and spermidine competitively. the results suggest that pentamidine sh ... | 1996 | 8615840 |
| the genomic organization of the hsp83 gene locus is conserved in three leishmania species. | 1996 | 8617351 | |
| multiple host defense defects in failure of c57bl/6 ep/ep (pale ear) mice to resolve visceral leishmania donovani infection. | euthymic c57bl/l ep/ep (pale ear [pe]) mice halt the visceral replication of intracellular leishmania donovani but fail to properly resolve infection. a previous study identified an isolated defect in tissue granuloma formation in these mice; cd4+ and cd8+ cell number, gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) production, and macrophage antimicrobial activity in vitro were all intact. new in vivo results reported here suggest a considerably more complex immune defect, with evidence indicating (i) enhanced co ... | 1996 | 8557335 |
| modulation of host cell intracellular ca2+. | during the course of evolution, protozoan parasites have developed strategies to subvert the immune response of their host in order to multiply, reproduce and survive. one of these inherited strategies is their capacity to modulate the host cell transductional mechanisms in their favor. alteration of host cells ca(2-) homeostasis following interaction and/or invasion by protozoan parasites such as leishmania donovani, trypanosoma cruzi, plasmodium falciparum or entamoeba histolytica has been rep ... | 1996 | 15275223 |
| the role of ca2+ in the process of cell invasion by intracellular parasites. | in order to replicate, many parasites must invade host cells. changes in the intracellular ca(2+) concentration ([ca(2+)](i)) of different parasites and tissue culture cells during their interaction have been studied. an increase in cytosolic ca(2+) in trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes occurs after association of the parasites with host cells. ca(2+) mobilization in the host cells also takes place upon contact with t. cruzi trypomastigotes, leishmania donovani amastigotes or plasmodium falciparu ... | 1996 | 15275256 |
| vaccine efficacy of salmonella strains expressing glycoprotein 63 with different promoters. | the development of salmonella vaccine vectors has been hindered by both the requirement for multiple doses to induce immune responses and a lack of plasmid stability. direct comparisons of different promoter systems with the same antigen are necessary to address these important issues. we have previously described an aroa- arod- deletion mutant of salmonella typhimurium (gid101) which expresses the gene encoding the leishmania major promastigote surface glycoprotein gp63 (gid101). while this con ... | 1997 | 8975908 |
| protective effect of neoglycoprotein-conjugated muramyl dipeptide against leishmania donovani infection: the role of cytokines. | active targeting of muramyl dipeptide (mdp) to macrophages was studied by conjugation with the neoglycoprotein, mannosyl human serum albumin (mannose-hsa) using visceral leishmaniasis as the model macrophage disease. conjugation did not decrease the affinity of the neoglycoprotein for macrophage mannose receptor. mannose-hsa-mdp was 50 times more efficient than free mdp in inhibiting the growth of leishmania donovani inside peritoneal macrophages. moreover, in a 60-day murine model of visceral l ... | 1997 | 9164956 |
| in vivo interference of paromomycin with mitochondrial activity of leishmania. | paromomycin is an aminocyclitol aminoglycoside antibiotic used for the treatment of leishmaniasis. in view of the central role of mitochondria in cellular energetics and metabolism, its effect on in vivo mitochondrial activities of leishmania donovani promastigotes-the parasite flagellate form-was investigated. the approach used flow cytometry, amperometric measure of o2 consumption, and, as a global estimate of mitochondrial dehydrogenases, thiazolyl blue reduction (mtt test); some in vitro con ... | 1997 | 9168810 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of the dna polymerase alpha gene of leishmania donovani: comparison with the human homologue. | the gene encoding the dna polymerase alpha catalytic subunit of the kinetoplastid parasite l. donovani has been isolated, sequenced and compared with other eukaryotic homologues. the coding region is 4020 bp in length and specifies an inferred protein sequence of 1339 amino acids (aa). there is a high level of variability between the human and l. donovani gene sequences, but functional substrate-binding residues identified in humans and yeast appear to also be conserved in this parasite. the dis ... | 1997 | 9168968 |
| adjuvanticity and protective immunity elicited by leishmania donovani antigens encapsulated in positively charged liposomes. | in the search for a leishmaniasis vaccine, extensive studies of cutaneous leishmaniasis have been carried out. investigations in this regard with the visceral form are limited. as an initial step in the identification of the protective molecules, leishmanial antigens extracted from the membranes of leishmania donovani promastigotes, alone or in association with liposomes, were evaluated for their immunogenicity and ability to elicit a protective immune response against challenge infection. intra ... | 1997 | 9169776 |
| endogenous interleukin-12 regulates acquired resistance in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | treatment with interleukin-12 (il-12) induces leishmanicidal activity in experimental leishmania donovani infection; therefore, balb/c mice were injected with anti-il-12 antibody to define the role of endogenous il-12 in acquired resistance in this disseminated intracellular infection. anti-il-12 administration started 1 day after infection and given for 4 weeks abolished control of visceral parasite replication and in parallel suppressed endogenous interferon-gamma production and tissue granulo ... | 1997 | 9180189 |
| circulating t helper 1 (th1) cell- and th2 cell-associated cytokines in indian patients with visceral leishmaniasis. | sera from 61 indian patients with visceral leishmaniasis caused by infection with leishmania donovani were tested for the presence of t helper 1 (th1) cell-(interferon-gamma [ifn-gamma]) and th2 cell-associated cytokines (interleukin-4 [il-4] and il-10). the ifn-gamma activity was detected in 53%. il-4 in 84%, and il-10 in 56% of patient samples. sera from 10 healthy indian controls showed detectable ifn-gamma in 90%. il-4 in 10%, and il-10 in 20%; corresponding percentages for sera from eight h ... | 1997 | 9180602 |
| a case report of visceral leishmaniasis in singapore. | visceral leishmaniasis (indian kala-azar) caused by infection due to the protozoan leishmania donovani is endemic in the indian subcontinent and adjoining regions. prolonged fever, hepatosplenomegaly, anaemia and pancytopenia, in the appropriate setting, are important clinical markers towards the diagnosis. diagnosis is established by blood film or bone marrow examination for leishman donovan (ld) bodies and/or culture. treatment with sodium stibogluconate, pentamidine isethionate or even amphot ... | 1997 | 9494684 |
| molecular cloning, characterization and overexpression of two distinct cysteine protease cdnas from leishmania donovani chagasi. | we have cloned and characterized two distinct cysteine protease cdnas from leishmania donovani chagasi. one of the cdnas, ldccy2, was isolated from a cdna library prepared from total promastigote rna while the other cdna, ldccys1, was isolated from a cdna library prepared from total amastigote rna. ldccys2 has an open reading frame of 471 amino acids and ldccys1 has an open reading frame of 447 amino acids. comparison of the predicted protein sequences of the two distinct cysteine proteases with ... | 1997 | 9497047 |
| [chronic enteropathy of unknown etiology in patients with aids. an analysis of 40 cases]. | data about the etiology of chronic enteropathy in aids patients are scarce and are very dependent upon the geographical area. the aim of this study was to detect microorganisms potentially associated with chronic enteropathy in aids patients with diarrhoea for more than one month, and initial negative routine stool bacterial cultures and examinations for ova and parasites. the degrees of associated intestinal malabsorption and immunodeficiency were also analysed. | 1997 | 9441179 |
| modulation of macrophage heat shock proteins (hsps) expression in response to intracellular infection by virulent and avirulent strains of leishmania donovani. | we have examined the differential expression of heat shock proteins of murine macrophage-like cell line j774 g8 following infection with leishmania donovani. in response to infection with virulent promastigotes, the up-regulation of hsp70 and 90 and a selective down-regulation of hsp60 was observed using monoclonal antibodies specific for host hsps. however, infection with avirulent strain failed to alter the expression of host hsps. the maximum alterations in hsps expression were noted at 18 h ... | 1997 | 9442922 |
| glycosidases in mucin-dwelling protozoans. | a range of protozoans were tested for the presence of glycosidases using p-nitrophenyl sugars as substrates. some of the organisms were mucin dwellers whereas others were blood borne parasites. it had been hypothesized that glycosidase production would be significantly higher in the mucin dwellers. the results obtained demonstrated that the urogenital protozoans tritrichomonas foetus and trichomonas vaginalis produced a vast range of glycosidases which included those required for mucin breakdown ... | 1997 | 9511996 |
| action of new organometallic complexes against leishmania donovani. | the action of 16 newly synthesized metal complexes having the general structure cis-pt-(ii)-xn-ln have been tested in vitro against the promastigote forms of leishmania donovani. the metal complexes at 24 h and maximum dosages inhibited growth from 0%, e.g. in cis-pt-nifurtimox, to 100%, e.g. in cis-pt-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluoroaniline)2br2 or cis-pt-pentamidine-i2. a study of the cytotoxicty of these latter complexes on the phagocytic cell line j-774 showed neither high cytotoxicity nor cytolysis. ... | 1997 | 9249204 |
| evanescent wave fibre optic sensor for detection of l. donovani specific antibodies in sera of kala azar patients. | an easy-to-use technique for detection of antibodies specific for the parasite l. donovani in human serum sample has been developed. the method is based on an evanescent wave generated from a tapered configuration of decladded optical fibre and does not require any volumetric measurement. tapered fibres are immobilized with the purified cell surface protein of l. donovani by covalent bonding. treated fibres are incubated with the patient serum for 10 min followed by incubation with goat anti hum ... | 1997 | 9253153 |
| visceral leishmaniasis with special reference to egypt (review and comment). | the leishmaniases comprise several diseases of wide diversity of manifestations caused by different species of the genus leishmania. they are grouped under three main headings: cutaneous leishmaniasis, visceral leishmaniasis and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. leishmania donovani complex which visceralize in man with a predilection for infecting cells in the viscera, particularly in the spleen and the main vectors are phlebotomus of the "major" group. these include l.d. donovani (asia, mainly india ... | 1997 | 9257976 |
| confirmation of clinical differentiation of three leishmania strains by computerized image analyser system. | three human strains of leishmania, one visceral and two cutaneous leishmaniasis were prepared from both culture and tissue of infected animals and subjected to analysis by computerised image analyser system. the results showed differences in the morphology and nucleic acid contents of the three strains. | 1997 | 9257994 |
| structure-activity relationships for the antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activities of 1'-substituted 9-anilinoacridines. | members of the class of 9-anilinoacridine topoisomerase ii inhibitors bearing lipophilic electron-donating 1'-anilino substituents are active against both the promastigote and amastigote forms of the parasite leishmania major. a series of analogues of the known 1'-nhhexyl lead compound were prepared and evaluated against l. major in macrophage culture to further develop structure-activity relationships (sar). toxicity toward mammalian cells was measured in a human leukemia cell line, and the rat ... | 1997 | 9258370 |
| role of an rna-binding protein in import of trna into leishmania mitochondria. | nuclear-encoded cytoplasmic trnas are imported into the mitochondria of kinetoplastid protozoa by an unknown mechanism. in a leishmania in organello system, atp-dependent import of a cloned, unspliced trnatyr(gua) transcript was demonstrated by protection from ribonuclease, whereas import of a trnagln(cug) transcript was much less efficient. specific binding of trnatyr to two mitochondrial surface proteins of 15 and 22 kilodaltons was observed. tubulin antisense-binding protein (tab), the 15-kil ... | 1997 | 9261154 |
| haemolytic activities of plant saponins and adjuvants. effect of periandra mediterranea saponin on the humoral response to the fml antigen of leishmania donovani. | an 87.7% (p < 0.01) and 84% (p < 0.001) of protection against visceral leishmaniasis was achieved in cb hamsters and balb/c mice, respectively, with saponin combined to the fucose-mannose ligand of leishmania donovani (fml). however, an undesirable haemolytic effect was described for several saponins. aiming to improve the formulation with fml/saponin, we comparatively analysed the haemolytic potential of recently characterized plant saponins and currently used adjuvants. the haemolytic activity ... | 1997 | 9261952 |
| [visceral leishmaniasis with an unusually long incubation time]. | a 25-year-old woman of yugoslavian origin came to germany two years before and did not leave germany since this time. she developed a phlebothrombosis during pregnancy which was treated surgically and with subsequent heparinisation. the pregnancy had to be terminated by section because of abnormal liver functions and increased blood pressure. these values returned to normal within two months. further tests again showed raised liver function tests (got 57 u/l, gpt 71 u/l) and antibodies against s ... | 1997 | 9264920 |
| isolation of a mouse cdna encoding msti1, a stress-inducible protein containing the tpr motif. | we report the isolation and sequencing of the complete 2079-bp cdna fragment encoding msti1, a murine stress-inducible protein. the predicted orf encodes a protein of 543 amino acids (aa) and mr 62,582. the predicted protein has significant homology to stress-inducible proteins from humans (ief ssp 3521), soybean (gmsti), yeast (sti1) and a parasite, leishmania donovani (lsip). all of these proteins contain 34-aa repeat motifs, termed tetratricopeptide repeats (tprs), that are proposed to be inv ... | 1997 | 9272871 |
| prevalence of anti-leishmania donovani antibody among brazilian blood donors and multiply transfused hemodialysis patients. | the prevalence of anti-leishmania donovani antibodies was investigated in 1,500 brazilian blood donors and multiply transfused hemodialysis patients. sera were tested using the fucose-mannose ligand (fml) elisa, which was shown to have 100% sensitivity and 96% specificity for kala-azar. among 1,194 volunteer blood donors, seroreactivity was 9%, increasing to 25% in a periurban kala-azar focus. however, higher positivity (37%) was found in multiply transfused hemodialysis patients from natal, whe ... | 1997 | 9288810 |
| hiv/leishmania co-infections in portugal: diagnosis and isoenzyme characterization of leishmania. | 1997 | 9290851 | |
| folic acid the essential supplement to brain heart infusion broth for cultivation and cloning of leishmania donovani promastigotes. | multiplication of virulent and avirulent leishmania donovani promastigotes was inhibited by brain heart infusion broth (bhi) (3.7%) supplemented with haemolysed or whole blood (2.5-10%) or heat-inactivated foetal bovine serum (hifbs) (10-20%). peptone, glutamine, tryptophan, purine bases, ribonucleosides, deoxyribonucleosides, b-vitamins and vitamin c were evaluated for the reversal of this growth inhibition. supplementation of bhi with folic acid further supplemented with haemolysed rabbit bloo ... | 1997 | 9300460 |
| antibody response against a leishmania donovani amastigote-stage-specific protein in patients with visceral leishmaniasis. | the antibody response against an amastigote-specific protein (a2) from leishmania donovani was investigated. sera from patients with trypanosomiasis and various forms of leishmaniasis were screened for anti-a2 antibodies. sera from patients infected only with l. donovani or leishmania mexicana specifically recognized the a2 recombinant protein. these results were consistent with karyotype analyses which revealed that the a2 gene is conserved in l. donovani and l. mexicana strains. the potential ... | 1997 | 9302200 |