Publications

a modular approach to a library of semi-synthetic fucosylated chondroitin sulfate polysaccharides with different sulfation and fucosylation patterns.	fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (fcs)-a glycosaminoglycan (gag) found in sea cucumbers-has recently attracted much attention owing to its biological properties. in particular, a low molecular mass fcs polysaccharide has very recently been suggested as a strong candidate for the development of an antithrombotic drug that would be safer and more effective than heparin. to avoid the use of animal sourced drugs, here we present the chemical transformation of a microbial sourced unsulfated chondroiti ...	2016	27797117
can adverse effects of acidity and aluminum toxicity be alleviated by appropriate rootstock selection in cucumber?	low-ph and aluminum (al) stresses are the major constraints that limit crop yield in acidic soils. grafting vegetable elite cultivars onto appropriate rootstocks may represent an effective tool to improve crop tolerance to acidity and al toxicity. two greenhouse hydroponic experiments were performed to evaluate growth, yield, biomass production, chlorophyll index, electrolyte leakage, mineral composition, and assimilate partitioning in plant tissues of cucumber plants (cucumis sativus l. "ekron" ...	2016	27621740
identification of a stable major-effect qtl (parth 2.1) controlling parthenocarpy in cucumber and associated candidate gene analysis via whole genome re-sequencing.	parthenocarpy is an important trait for yield and quality in many plants. but due to its complex interactions with genetic and physiological factors, it has not been adequately understood and applied to breeding and production. finding novel and effective quantitative trait loci (qtls) is a critical step towards understanding its genetic mechanism. cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) is a typical parthenocarpic plant but the qtls controlling parthenocarpy in cucumber were not mapped on chromosomes, an ...	2016	27553196
quantitative proteomic profiling of early and late responses to salicylic acid in cucumber leaves.	salicylic acid (sa) is an important phytohormone that plays vital regulatory roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. however, studies on the molecular mechanism of sa, especially during the early sa responses, are lagging behind. in this study, we initiated a comprehensive isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (itraq)-based proteomic analysis to explore the early and late sa-responsive proteins in leaves of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) seedlings. upon sa applicat ...	2016	27551830
csap3: a cucumber homolog to arabidopsis apetala3 with novel characteristics.	in our previous efforts to understand the regulatory mechanisms of cucumber unisexual flower development, we observed a stamen-specific down-regulation of the ethylene receptor csetr1 in stage 6 female flowers of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). this down-regulation is correlated with the primordial anther-specific dna damage that characterizes inappropriate stamen development in cucumber female flowers. to understand how csetr1 is down regulated in the stamen, we characterized a cucumber mads box ...	2016	27540391
acetylated triterpene glycosides and their biological activity from holothuroidea reported in the past six decades.	sea cucumbers have been valued for many centuries as a tonic and functional food, dietary delicacies and important ingredients of traditional medicine in many asian countries. an assortment of bioactive compounds has been described in sea cucumbers. the most important and abundant secondary metabolites from sea cucumbers are triterpene glycosides (saponins). due to the wide range of their potential biological activities, these natural compounds have gained attention and this has led to their eme ...	2016	27527190
ecotoxicological assessment of glyphosate-based herbicides: effects on different organisms.	glyphosate-based herbicides are the most commonly used worldwide because they are effective and relatively nontoxic to nontarget species. unlimited and uncontrolled use of such pesticides can have serious consequences for human health and ecological balance. the present study evaluated the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of 2 glyphosate-based formulations, roundup original (roundup) and glyphosate akb 480 (akb), on different organisms: cucumber (cucumis sativus), lettuce (lactuca sativa), and to ...	2016	27517480
antithrombotic activities of fucosylated chondroitin sulfates and their depolymerized fragments from two sea cucumbers.	fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (fcs), a glycosaminoglycan extracted from the body wall of sea cucumber, is a promising antithrombotic agent. the chemical structures of fcsc isolated from sea cucumber cucumaria frondosa and its depolymerized fragment (dfcsc) were characterized for the first time. additionally, anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. the results demonstrated that dfcsc exhibited better antithrombotic-hemorrhagic ratio than native fcsc on t ...	2016	27516281
binding of transition metals to monosilicic acid in aqueous and xylem (cucumis sativus l.) solutions: a low-t electron paramagnetic resonance study.	the supplementation of monosilicic acid [si(oh)4] to the root growing medium is known to protect plants from toxic levels of iron (fe), copper (cu) and manganese (mn), but also to mitigate deficiency of fe and mn. however, the physicochemical bases of these alleviating mechanisms are not fully understood. here we applied low-t electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spectroscopy to examine the formation of complexes of si(oh)4 with mn(2+), fe(3+), and cu(2+) in water and in xylem sap of cucumber ( ...	2016	27502949
comparative proteomics of cucurbit phloem indicates both unique and shared sets of proteins.	cucurbits are well-studied models for phloem biology but unusually possess both fascicular phloem (fp) within vascular bundles and additional extrafascicular phloem (efp). although the functional differences between the two systems are not yet clear, sugar analysis and limited protein profiling have established that fp and efp have divergent compositions. here we report a detailed comparative proteomics study of fp and efp in two cucurbits, pumpkin and cucumber. we re-examined the sites of exuda ...	2016	27472661
proteomic and physiological analyses reveal putrescine responses in roots of cucumber stressed by nacl.	soil salinity is a major environmental constraint that threatens agricultural productivity. different strategies have been developed to improve crop salt tolerance, among which the effects of polyamines have been well-reported. to gain a better understanding of the cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) responses to nacl and unravel the underlying mechanism of exogenous putrescine (put) alleviating salt-induced damage, comparative proteomic analysis was conducted on cucumber roots treated with nacl, and/ ...	2016	27471514
qtl mapping by slaf-seq and expression analysis of candidate genes for aphid resistance in cucumber.	cucumber, a very important vegetable crop worldwide, is easily damaged by pests. aphid is one of the most serious cucumber pests and frequently cause severe damage to commercially produced crops. understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying pest resistance is important for aphid-resistant cucumber varieties breeding. in this study, two parental cucumber lines, jy30 (aphid susceptible) and ep6392 (aphid resistant), and pools of resistant and susceptible (n = 50 each) plants from 1000 f2 indivi ...	2016	27462331
integrative analyses of nontargeted volatile profiling and transcriptome data provide molecular insight into voc diversity in cucumber plants (cucumis sativus).	plant volatile organic compounds, which are generated in a tissue-specific manner, play important ecological roles in the interactions between plants and their environments, including the well-known functions of attracting pollinators and protecting plants from herbivores/fungi attacks. however, to date, there have not been reports of holistic volatile profiling of the various tissues of a single plant species, even for the model plant species. in this study, we qualitatively and quantitatively ...	2016	27457123
simultaneous determination of eight neonicotinoid insecticide residues and two primary metabolites in cucumbers and soil by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry coupled with quechers.	a new, rapid, sensitive, precise and validated high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (hplc-ms/ms) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of eight neonicotinoid insecticides with their two primary metabolites in cucumbers and soil based on quechers as a pretreatment procedure. in quechers procedure, cucumber samples were extracted with acetonitrile and cleaned using (c18 sorbent material), while soil samples were extracted with a mixture of ac ...	2016	27447929
structures and biogenesis of fallaxosides d₄, d₅, d₆ and d₇, trisulfated non-holostane triterpene glycosides from the sea cucumber cucumaria fallax.	four new trisulfated triterpene glycosides, fallaxosides d₄ (1), d₅ (2), d₆ (3) and d₇ (4) have been isolated from the sea cucumber cucumaria fallax (cucumariidae, dendrochirotida). the structures of the glycosides have been elucidated by 2d nmr spectroscopy and hresims. all the glycosides have the lanostane aglycones of a rare non-holostane type with 7(8)-, 8(9)- or 9(11)-double bonds, one or two hydroxyl groups occupying unusual positions in the polycyclic nucleus and shortened or normal side ...	2016	27447601
validation of a method for the determination of 120 pesticide residues in apples and cucumbers by lc-ms/ms.	most countries have clearly defined regulations governing the use of pesticides in agricultural activity. the application of pesticides in agriculture usually leads to a residual amount of these pesticides on food products such as fruit and vegetables. the presence of pesticide residues on these foods destined for human consumption may pose food safety risks to consumers. to protect consumers, national authorities have established maximum limits for pesticide residues in foods. these limits can ...	2016	27443204
alkaline stress and iron deficiency regulate iron uptake and riboflavin synthesis gene expression differently in root and leaf tissue: implications for iron deficiency chlorosis.	iron (fe) is an essential mineral that has low solubility in alkaline soils, where its deficiency results in chlorosis. whether low fe supply and alkaline ph stress are equivalent is unclear, as they have not been treated as separate variables in molecular physiological studies. additionally, molecular responses to these stresses have not been studied in leaf and root tissues simultaneously. we tested how plants with the strategy i fe uptake system respond to fe deficiency at mildly acidic and a ...	2016	27605716
effects of industrial wastewater on growth and biomass production in commonly grown vegetables.	in developing countries like pakistan, irrigation of crops with industrial and municipal wastewater is a common practice. however, the impact of wastewater irrigation on vegetables growth has rarely been studied. therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of industrial wastewater on the germination and seedling growth of some commonly grown vegetables in pakistan. wastewater samples were collected from two different industries (marble industry and match alam factory) at h ...	2016	27149970
genome wide characterization of simple sequence repeats in watermelon genome and their application in comparative mapping and genetic diversity analysis.	microsatellite markers are one of the most informative and versatile dna-based markers used in plant genetic research, but their development has traditionally been difficult and costly. the whole genome sequencing with next-generation sequencing (ngs) technologies provides large amounts of sequence data to develop numerous microsatellite markers at whole genome scale. ssr markers have great advantage in cross-species comparisons and allow investigation of karyotype and genome evolution through h ...	2016	27495254
genome-wide identification of two-component system genes in cucurbitaceae crops and expression profiling analyses in cucumber.	cucumber and watermelon, which belong to cucurbitaceae family, are economically important cultivated crops worldwide. however, these crops are vulnerable to various adverse environments. two-component system (tcs), consisting of histidine kinases (hks), phosphotransfers (hps), and response regulator proteins (rrs), plays important roles in various plant developmental processes and signaling transduction in responses to a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses. no systematic investigation has ...	2016	27446129
proteomics and metabolomics analyses reveal the cucurbit sieve tube system as a complex metabolic space.	the plant vascular system, and specifically the phloem, plays a pivotal role in allocation of fixed carbon to developing sink organs. although the processes involved in loading and unloading of sugars and amino acids are well characterized, little information is available regarding the nature of other metabolites in the sieve tube system (sts) at specific sites along the pathway. here, we elucidate spatial features of metabolite composition mapped with phloem enzymes along the cucurbit sts. phlo ...	2016	27155400
pharmacological safety evaluation of a traditional herbal medicine "zereshk-e-saghir" and assessment of its hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic damage in rats.	"zereshk-e-saghir" (zes), one of the traditional herbal medicines in old manuscripts of persian hakims, has been used for the treatment of liver disorders. this current study is aimed to evaluate zes effects on animal model to investigate its safety and hepatoprotective activity.	2016	27426508
first report of the carolina spiral nematode, scutellonema brachyurus, from soil of a garden in crete, greece.	members of the genus scutellonema can cause substantial crop losses to ornamental and cultivated plants directly by feeding ectoparasitically on plant roots (bridge et al., 2005; coyne et al., 2006). in may 2015, a soil sample from a house garden from heraklion city in crete, greece, was sent for diagnosis of plant-parasitic nematodes. in this place, there had been cactus (opuntia sp.) plants (probably imported), which were uprooted 3 to 4 years earlier. after that, the area was cropped with cuc ...	2016	27168646
determination of pesticides residues in cucumbers grown in greenhouse and the effect of some procedures on their residues.	the objective of this study was to determine the residual concentrations of ethion and imidacloprid in cucumbers grown in greenhouse. the effect of some simple processing procedures on both ethion and imidacloprid residues were also studied.	2016	28032066
glycosides from edible sea cucumbers stimulate macrophages via purinergic receptors.	since ancient times, edible sea cucumbers have been considered a jewel of the seabed and used in asian folk medicine for stimulation of resistance against different diseases. however, the power of this sea food has not been established on a molecular level. a particular group of triterpene glycosides was found to be characteristic metabolites of the animals, responsible for this biological action. using one of them, cucumarioside a2-2 (ca2-2) from the edible cucumaria japonica species as an exam ...	2016	28004778
melatonin increases the chilling tolerance of chloroplast in cucumber seedlings by regulating photosynthetic electron flux and the ascorbate-glutathione cycle.	the aim of the study was to monitor the effects of exogenous melatonin on cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) chloroplasts and explore the mechanisms through which it mitigates chilling stress. under chilling stress, chloroplast structure was seriously damaged as a result of over-accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ros), as evidenced by the high levels of superoxide anion (o2-) and hydrogen peroxide (h2o2). however, pretreatment with 200 μm melatonin effectively mitigated this by suppressing the ...	2016	27999581
sublittoral and bathyal sea cucumbers (echinodermata: holothuroidea) from the northern mozambique channel with description of six new species.	the 2009 expedition with the research vessel miriky sampled the sublittoral and bathyal waters of the northern mozambique channel. this exploration campaign resulted in a small, but very diverse collection of holothuroids comprising 174 specimens representing 31 species, 18 genera, 10 families and 5 orders. of these species, many were hitherto unknown for madagascar or even for the indian ocean, and six, bathyplotes aymeric sp. nov., holothuria (cystipus) yann sp. nov., holothuria (stauropora) b ...	2016	27988651
genetic analysis and qtl mapping of fruit peduncle length in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).	mechanized harvesting of cucumbers offers significant advantages compared to manual labor as both shortages and costs of labor increase. however the efficient use of machines depends on breeding plants with longer peduncles, but the genetic and molecular basis of fruit peduncle development in cucumber is not well understood. in this study, f2 populations were developed from a cross between two inbred lines, 1101 with a long peduncle and 1694 with a short peduncle. these were grown at two field s ...	2016	27936210
multiple factors affect socioeconomics and wellbeing of artisanal sea cucumber fishers.	small-scale fisheries are important to livelihoods and subsistence seafood consumption of millions of fishers. sea cucumbers are fished worldwide for export to asia, yet few studies have assessed factors affecting socioeconomics and wellbeing among fishers. we interviewed 476 men and women sea cucumber fishers at multiple villages within multiple locations in fiji, kiribati, tonga and new caledonia using structured questionnaires. low rates of subsistence consumption confirmed a primary role of ...	2016	27930649
elimination of diazinon insecticide from cucumber surface by atmospheric pressure air-dielectric barrier discharge plasma.	the food industry is in a constant search for new technologies to improve the commercial sterilization process of agricultural commodities. plasma treatment may offer a novel and efficient method for pesticide removal from agricultural product surfaces. to study the proposed technique of plasma food treatment, the degradation behavior of diazinon insecticide by air-dielectric barrier discharge (dbd) plasma was investigated. the authors studied the effect of different plasma powers and treatment ...	2016	27923272
cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) nitric oxide synthase associated gene1 (csnoa1) plays a role in chilling stress.	nitric oxide (no) is a gaseous signaling molecule in plants, transducing information as a result of exposure to low temperatures. however, the underlying molecular mechanism linking no with chilling stress is not well understood. here, we functionally characterized the cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) nitric oxide synthase-associated gene, nitric oxide associated 1 (csnoa1). expression analysis of csnoa1, using quantitative real-time pcr, in situ hybridization, and a promoter::β-glucuronidase (gus) ...	2016	27891134
differential expression of cucumber rna-dependent rna polymerase 1 genes during antiviral defence and resistance.	rna-dependent rna polymerase 1 (rdr1) plays a crucial role in plant defence against viruses. in this study, it was observed that cucumber, cucumis sativus, uniquely encodes a small gene family of four rdr1 genes. the cucumber rdr1 genes (csrdr1a, csrdr1b and duplicated csrdr1c1/c2) shared 55%-60% homology in their encoded amino acid sequences. in healthy cucumber plants, rdr1a and rdr1b transcripts were expressed at higher levels than transcripts of rdr1c1/c2, which were barely detectable. the e ...	2016	27879040
saponin-enriched sea cucumber extracts exhibit an antiobesity effect through inhibition of pancreatic lipase activity and upregulation of lxr-β signaling.	sea cucumbers have been consumed as tonic, food, and nutrition supplements for many years.	2016	26440226
a major quantitative trait locus conferring subgynoecy in cucumber.	a major qtl conditioning high degree of femaleness in cucumber was identified by marker analysis and next generation sequencing. cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) is a model species for sex determination studies, and its yield is associated with the degree of femaleness. subgynoecy represents a sex form with a high degree of femaleness for which the genetic basis remains elusive. in this study, genetic analysis in the f2 and bc1 populations developed from a cross between subgynoecious s-2-98 and mon ...	2016	26433829
cucumis sativus secretes 4'-ketoriboflavin under iron-deficient conditions.	a new compound in cucumber, cucumis sativus, nutrient solution that appears under iron-deficient conditions, but not under ordinary culture conditions, has been revealed by hplc analysis. the chemical structure of this compound was identified using lc-ms and nmr techniques as that of 4'-ketoriboflavin. this is the first report to show that 4'-ketoriboflavin can be found in metabolites from organisms.	2016	26523955
identification and mapping of tril, a homeodomain-leucine zipper gene involved in multicellular trichome initiation in cucumis sativus.	using map-based cloning of tril gene, we identified a homeodomain-leucine zipper gene involved in the initiation of multicellular trichomes (including the spines of fruit) in cucumber.	2016	26518574
production of bioherbicide by phoma sp. in a stirred-tank bioreactor.	the objective of this work was to produce an herbicide by submerged fermentation in a stirred-tank bioreactor and to assess the potential herbicidal in pre-emergence, post-emergence, and in a detached leaves of cucumis sativus var species. wisconsin (cucumber) and sorghum bicolor (sorghum) species. fermentations were carried out in a stirred-tank bioreactor with useful volume of 3l. stirring rate (40, 50, and 60 rpm) and aeration (1, 2 and 3 vvm) were the variables studied for bioherbicide produ ...	2016	28330302
first report of the nutritional profile and antioxidant potential of holothuria arguinensis, a new resource for aquaculture in europe.	this work reports for the first time the nutritional profile and antioxidant potential of the edible sea cucumber holothuria arguinensis from the north-eastern atlantic. h. arguinensis has high levels of protein, with the amino acids profile dominated by alanine, glycine and proline and low lysine/arginine ratios. its carbohydrate and energetic contents are also low as well as the total lipid levels, although its lipid profile is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa), especially arachidonic ...	2016	26551335
the complete chloroplast genome sequence of wild cucumber (cucumis sativus var. hardwickii).	the complete chloroplast genome sequence of wild cucumber (cucumis sativus var. hardwickii) was generated by de novo assembly with low-coverage whole-genome sequence data. the 155 277 bp genome containing a pair of inverted repeats (irs) of 25 198 bp separated by a large single-copy region of 86 618 bp and a small single-copy region of 18 263 bp. the chloroplast genome contains 130 known genes, including 89 protein-coding genes, eight rrna genes (four kinds), and 37 trna genes (30 kinds). eighte ...	2016	26540481
phloem transcriptome signatures underpin the physiological differentiation of the pedicel, stalk and fruit of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).	cucumber is one of the most important vegetables grown worldwide due to its important economic and nutritional value. the cucumber fruit consists morphologically of the undesirable stalk and the tasty fruit; however, physiological differentiation of these two parts and the underlying molecular basis remain largely unknown. here we characterized the physiological differences among the pedicel, stalk and fruit, and compared the respective phloem transcriptomes using laser capture microdissection c ...	2016	26568324
next generation sequencing and omics in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) breeding directed research.	in the post-genomic era the availability of genomic tools and resources is leading us to novel generation methods in plant breeding, as they facilitate the study of the genotype and its relationship with the phenotype, in particular for complex traits. in this study we have mainly concentrated on the cucumis sativus and (but much less) cucurbitaceae family several important vegetable crops. there are many reports on research conducted in cucurbitaceae plant breeding programs on the ripening proc ...	2016	26566826
the complete chloroplast genome sequence of cucumis sativus var. hardwickii, the wild progenitor of cultivated cucumber.	the complete chloroplast genome sequence of wild cucumber (cucumis sativus var. hardwickii) was determined and characterized in this study. the genome is of 155 277 bp in length, containing a pair of inverted repeats regions (irs) of 25 198 bp, which are separated by a large single-copy region of 86 618 bp and a small single-copy region of 18 263 bp. the wild cucumber chloroplast genome has 130 known genes, including 85 protein-coding genes, 8 ribosomal rna genes, and 37 trna genes. among these ...	2016	26681521
glutathione-dependent induction of local and systemic defense against oxidative stress by exogenous melatonin in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).	melatonin is involved in defending against oxidative stress caused by various environmental stresses in plants. in this study, the roles of exogenous melatonin in regulating local and systemic defense against photooxidative stress in cucumber (cucumis sativus) and the involvement of redox signaling were examined. foliar or rhizospheric treatment with melatonin enhanced tolerance to photooxidative stress in both melatonin-treated leaves and untreated systemic leaves. increased melatonin levels ar ...	2016	26681257
toxicity to diaphania hyalinata, selectivity to non-target species and phytotoxicity of furanones and phthalide analogues.	despite being of great importance to crop protection, the disadvantages of intensive and inappropriate use of pesticides have stimulated the search for more selective and less harmful agrochemicals. thus, we have evaluated the effectiveness of 16 synthetic molecules (phthalides and precursors) to control the melonworm diaphania hyalinata, a key pest in cucurbit crops of economic importance in brazil. the selectivity to beneficial organisms solenopsis saevissima and tetragonisca angustula and the ...	2016	26679429
fine mapping of a dominantly inherited powdery mildew resistance major-effect qtl, pm1.1, in cucumber identifies a 41.1 kb region containing two tandemly arrayed cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase genes.	a dominantly inherited major-effect qtl for powdery mildew resistance in cucumber was fine mapped. two tandemly arrayed cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase genes were identified as the most possible candidates. powdery mildew (pm) is one of the most severe fungal diseases of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) and other cucurbit crops, but the molecular genetic mechanisms of powdery mildew resistance in cucurbits are still poorly understood. in this study, through marker-assisted backcrossing w ...	2016	26660669
mitigative effects of spermidine on photosynthesis and carbon-nitrogen balance of cucumber seedlings under ca(no3)2 stress.	ca(no3)2 stress is one of the most serious constraints to plants production and limits the plants growth and development. application of polyamines is a convenient and effective approach for enhancing plant salinity tolerance. the present investigation aimed to discover the photosynthetic carbon-nitrogen (c-n) mechanism underlying ca(no3)2 stress tolerance by spermidine (spd) of cucumber (cucumis sativus l. cv. jinyou no. 4). seedling growth and photosynthetic capacity [including net photosynthe ...	2016	26659857
effect of dimethyl phthalate (dmp) on germination, antioxidant system, and chloroplast ultrastructure in cucumis sativus l.	pollution of agricultural soils caused by widely employed plastic products, such as phthalic acid esters (paes), are becoming widespread in china, and they have become a threat to human health and the environment. however, little information is available on the influence of paes on vegetable crops. in this study, effects of different dimethyl phthalate (dmp) treatments (0, 30, 50, 100, and 200 mg l(-1)) on seed germination and growth of cucumber seedlings were investigated. although germination ...	2016	26631021
a unique approach to demonstrating that apical bud temperature specifically determines leaf initiation rate in the dicot cucumis sativus.	leaf initiation rate is largely determined by the apical bud temperature even when apical bud temperature largely deviates from the temperature of other plant organs. we have long known that the rate of leaf initiation (lir) is highly sensitive to temperature, but previous studies in dicots have not rigorously demonstrated that apical bud temperature controls lir independent of other plant organs temperature. many models assume that apical bud and leaf temperature are the same. in some environme ...	2016	26769623
heavy metal accumulation in tissues of two sea cucumbers, holothuria leucospilota and holothuria scabra in the northern part of qeshm island, persian gulf.	the concentrations of some heavy metals (cd, cu, zn andpb) were investigated in the sediments and the two species of sea cucumber (holothuria leucospilota and holothuria scabra) from northern part of qeshm island, persian gulf. the levels of cu, zn and pb in sediment varied significantly among sampling sites (p<0.05). the highest levels of zn and pb in h. leucospilota were recorded in body wall whereas the highest contents of zn and pb in h. scabra were measured in respiratory tree organ, respec ...	2016	26769107
phytotoxic effects and phytochemical fingerprinting of hydrodistilled oil, enriched fractions, and isolated compounds obtained from cryptocarya massoy (oken) kosterm. bark.	the hydrodistilled oil of cryptocarya massoy bark was characterized by gc-fid and gc/ms analyses, allowing the identification of unusual c10 massoia lactone (3, 56.2%), c12 massoia lactone (4, 16.5%), benzyl benzoate (1, 12.7%), c8 massoia lactone (3.4%), δ-decalactone (5, 1.5%), and benzyl salicylate (2, 1.8%) as main constituents. the phytotoxic activities of the oil, three enriched fractions (lactone-rich, ester-rich, and sesquiterpene-rich), and four constituents (compounds 1, 2, 5, and δ-do ...	2016	26765353
sea cucumbers with an anti-inflammatory effect on endothelial cells and subcutaneous but not on epicardial adipose tissue.	epicardial adipose tissue (eat) from patients with coronary artery disease (cad) contains higher levels of inflammatory proteins and lower adiponectin levels than subcutaneous adipose tissue (sat), enhancing the progression of atherosclerosis. since products from sea cucumber have anti-inflammatory properties, we investigated its effect on eat, sat and endothelial cells.	2016	26738438
assessing biochar ecotoxicology for soil amendment by root phytotoxicity bioassays.	soil amendment with biochar has been proposed as effective in improving agricultural land fertility and carbon sequestration, although the characterisation and certification of biochar quality are still crucial for widespread acceptance for agronomic purposes. we describe here the effects of four biochars (conifer and poplar wood, grape marc, wheat straw) at increasing application rates (0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50% w/w) on both germination and root elongation of cucumis sativus l., lepidium sativu ...	2016	26884353
different cucumber csyuc genes regulate response to abiotic stresses and flower development.	the phytohormone auxin is essential for plant growth and development, and yucca (yuc) proteins catalyze a rate-limiting step for endogenous auxin biosynthesis. despite yuc family genes have been isolated from several species, systematic expression analyses of yucs in response to abiotic stress are lacking, and little is known about the function of yuc homologs in agricultural crops. cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) is a world cultivated vegetable crop with great economical and nutritional value. in ...	2016	26857463
a new glabrous gene (csgl3) identified in trichome development in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).	spines or trichomes on the fruit of cucumbers enhance their commercial value in china. in addition, glabrous mutants exhibit resistance to aphids and therefore their use by growers can reduce pesticide residues. previous studies have reported two glabrous mutant plants containing the genes, csgl1 and csgl2. in the present study, a new glabrous mutant, ncg157, was identified showing a gene interaction effect with csgl1 and csgl2. this mutant showed the glabrous character on stems, leaves, tendril ...	2016	26845560
proximate composition and nutritional quality of deep sea growth sea cucumbers (stichopus japonicus) from different origins.	deep sea growth sea cucumber (stichopus japonicus) (dsg-sc) is considered a most nutritious and luxurious seafood in asia. this study compared the proximate composition and nutritional quality of collagen, polysaccharides, amino acids (aas) and fatty acids (fas) in dsg-scs from different origins.	2016	26213246
atmospheric humidity influences oviposition rate of tetranychus urticae (acari: tetranychidae) through morphological responses of host cucumis sativus leaves.	we investigated the effects of morphology of host cucumber, cucumis sativus l., leaves acclimatized to different atmospheric humidity levels on oviposition by adult females of the twospotted spider mite, tetranychus urticae koch. cucumber seedlings were grown at a vapor pressure deficit (vpd) of 0.4, 1.9, or 3.0 kpa at 28°c (90%, 50%, or 20% relative humidity, respectively) in growth chambers until the second true leaves had expanded. adult females of t. urticae were released on the adaxial surf ...	2016	26511981
foliar applied nanoscale and microscale ceo2 and cuo alter cucumber (cucumis sativus) fruit quality.	there is lack of information about the effects of foliar applied nanoparticles on fruit quality. in this study, three week-old soil grown cucumber seedlings were foliar-exposed to nceo2, ncuo, and corresponding bulk counterparts at 50, 100, and 200mg/l. respective suspensions/solutions were sprayed to experimental units in a volume of 250ml. net photosynthesis rate (pn), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration rate (e) were measured 15days after treatment application and in 74day-old plants ...	2016	26351199
effects of washing, peeling, storage, and fermentation on residue contents of carbaryl and mancozeb in cucumbers grown in greenhouses.	cucumbers grown in two different greenhouses were exposed to mancozeb and carbaryl at different times. the effects of 10-day preharvest period, water and detergent washing, peeling, predetermined storage period at 4°c (refrigeration), and fermentation on the reduction of residue levels in the plant tissues were investigated. mancozeb and carbaryl residues in cucumbers were determined by gas chromatography-electron capture detection. results showed that residue levels in samples, which were colle ...	2016	25342670
youngsters trade bagels and butter for cucumbers and carrots.		2016	20194991
[fatty acid esters of sterol glucosides in the fruit of cucumis sativus l].		2016	5049694
nitrate protects cucumber plants against fusarium oxysporum by regulating citrate exudation.	fusarium wilt causes severe yield losses in cash crops. nitrogen plays a critical role in the management of plant disease; however, the regulating mechanism is poorly understood. using biochemical, physiological, bioinformatic and transcriptome approaches, we analyzed how nitrogen forms regulate the interactions between cucumber plants and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (foc). nitrate significantly suppressed fusarium wilt compared with ammonium in both pot and hydroponic experiments. few ...	2016	27481896
reducing environmental risk of excessively fertilized soils and improving cucumber growth by caragana microphylla-straw compost application in long-term continuous cropping systems.	continuous cropping is a common agricultural practice in the word. in china, farmers often apply excessive fertilizers to fields in an attempt to maintain yields in continuous cropping systems. however, this practice often results in high nutrient concentrations in soils, nutrient pollution in leaching water and more crop disease. here, we investigated 8 different soils from continuously cropped cucumbers in northern china that grouped into those with extremely high nutrient levels (ehnl) and th ...	2016	26657371
isoptericola cucumis sp. nov., isolated from the root tissue of cucumber (cucumis sativus).	a gram-stain-positive, aerobic organism, showing an irregular cell morphology, was isolated from the root tissue of cucumber (cucumis sativus) and investigated in detail for its taxonomic position. on the basis of the 16s rrna gene sequence analysis, strain ap-38t was shown to be most closely related to isoptericola variabilis (99.1 %) and isoptericola nanjingensis (98.9 %). the 16s rrna gene sequence similarity to all other species of the genus isoptericola was ≤98.5 %. dna-dna relatedness to i ...	2016	27045419
the entry of cucumber mosaic virus into cucumber xylem is facilitated by co-infection with zucchini yellow mosaic virus.	we investigated the synergistic effects of co-infection by zucchini yellow mosaic virus (zymv) and cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) on viral distribution in the vascular tissues of cucumber. immunohistochemical observations indicated that zymv was present in both the phloem and xylem tissues. zymv-rna was detected in both the xylem wash and guttation fluid of zymv-inoculated cucumber. steam treatment at a stem internode indicated that zymv enters the xylem vessels and moves through them but does not ...	2016	27400992
development of broad virus resistance in non-transgenic cucumber using crispr/cas9 technology.	genome editing in plants has been boosted tremendously by the development of crispr/cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) technology. this powerful tool allows substantial improvement in plant traits in addition to those provided by classical breeding. here, we demonstrate the development of virus resistance in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) using cas9/subgenomic rna (sgrna) technology to disrupt the function of the recessive eif4e (eukaryotic translation initiation fac ...	2016	26808139
occurrence and dispersal of indicator bacteria on cucumbers grown horizontally or vertically on various mulch types.	no data exist on the impact of cultivation practices on food safety risks associated with cucumber. cucumbers are typically grown horizontally over a mulch cover, with fruit touching the ground, but this vining plant grows well in vertical systems. to assess whether production system affects bacterial dispersal onto plants, field trials were conducted over 2 years. cucumber cultivar 'marketmore 76' was grown horizontally on plastic, straw, or bare ground or vertically on trellises installed on b ...	2016	28221845
cucumber metallothionein-like 2 (csmtl2) exhibits metal-binding properties.	we identified a novel member of the metallothionein (mt) family, cucumis sativus metallothionein-like 2 (csmtl2), by screening a young cucumber fruit complementary dna (cdna) library. the csmtl2 encodes a putative 77-amino acid class ii mt protein that contains two cysteine (cys)-rich domains separated by a cys-free spacer region. we found that csmtl2 expression was regulated by metal stress and was specifically induced by cd(2+) treatment. we investigated the metal-binding characteristics of cs ...	2016	27916887
inactivation of salmonella on tainted foods: using blue light to disinfect cucumbers and processed meat products.	foodborne illness resulting from infectious organisms occurring in vegetables and processed meat is a serious health concern in the united states. improved and cost-effective techniques for disinfection are needed. visible light in the blue range (405 nm) was administered to processed meat that had been inoculated with escherichia coli. one application of light energy at doses of 10, 30, 60, and 100 j/cm(2) was applied, in vitro. in the case of vegetables contaminated with salmonella (cucumbers) ...	2016	27826438
ultraviolet-c light sanitization of english cucumber (cucumis sativus) packaged in polyethylene film.	food safety is becoming an increasing concern in the united states. this study investigated the effects of ultraviolet-c (uv-c) light as a postpackaging bactericidal treatment on the quality of english cucumber packaged in polyethylene (pe) film. escherichia coli k-12 was used as a surrogate microbe. the microbial growth and physical properties of packaged cucumbers were analyzed during a 28-d storage period at 5 °c. inoculating packaged cucumbers treated at 23 °c for 6 min with uv-c (560 mj/cm( ...	2016	27097058
orthology analysis and in vivo complementation studies to elucidate the role of dir1 during systemic acquired resistance in arabidopsis thaliana and cucumis sativus.	atdir1 (defective in induced resistance1) is an acidic lipid transfer protein essential for systemic acquired resistance (sar) in arabidopsis thaliana. upon sar induction, dir1 moves from locally infected to distant uninfected leaves to activate defense priming; however, a molecular function for dir1 has not been elucidated. bioinformatic analysis and in silico homology modeling identified putative atdir1 orthologs in crop species, revealing conserved protein motifs within and outside of dir1's ...	2016	27200039
long-term in vitro system for maintenance and amplification of root-knot nematodes in cucumis sativus roots.	root-knot nematodes (rkn) are polyphagous plant-parasitic roundworms that produce large crop losses, representing a relevant agricultural pest worldwide. after infection, they induce swollen root structures called galls containing giant cells (gcs) indispensable for nematode development. among efficient control methods are biotechnology-based strategies that require a deep knowledge of underlying molecular processes during the plant-nematode interaction. methods of achieving this knowledge inclu ...	2016	26941745
parasitic contamination of fresh vegetables sold at central markets in khartoum state, sudan.	fresh vegetables are considered as vital nutrients of a healthy diet as they supply the body with essential supplements. the consumption of raw vegetables is the main way for transmission of intestinal parasitic organisms. this study was aimed at detecting the parasitic contamination in fresh vegetables sold in two central open-aired markets in khartoum state, sudan.	2016	26968696
characterization of extracellular polymeric substances of bacillus amyloliquefaciens sqr9 induced by root exudates of cucumber.	bacillus amyloliquefaciens sqr9 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium (pgprs) that forms biofilm on the roots of plants and protects them from a variety of pathogens. in this study, we reported the effect of root exudates produced by cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) at different developmental stages on the biochemical composition of the biofilm matrix of sqr9. the results showed that the amino acids present in the root exudates of cucumber were responsible for triggering biofilm formation of s ...	2016	27254757
evaluation of the endophytic nature of bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain gyl4 and its efficacy in the control of anthracnose.	endophytic bacteria are viewed as a potential new source of biofungicides because they have beneficial characteristics as control agents for plant disease. this study was performed to examine the endophytic feature and disease control efficacy of bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain gyl4 and to identify the antifungal compounds produced by this strain.	2016	26518268
effects of potential probiotic bacillus cereus en25 on growth, immunity and disease resistance of juvenile sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus.	this study was conducted to determine effects of potential probiotic bacillus cereus en25 (isolated from mud of sea cucumber culturing water bodies) on growth, immunity and disease resistance against vibrio splendidus infection in juvenile sea cucumbers apostichopus japonicus. animals were respectively fed diets with b. cereus en25 at 0 (control), 10(5), 10(7) and 10(9) cfu/g for 30 days. results showed that dietary b. cereus en25 had no significant effects on growth, total coelomocytes counts a ...	2016	26723266
garlic, from remedy to stimulant: evaluation of antifungal potential reveals diversity in phytoalexin allicin content among garlic cultivars; allicin containing aqueous garlic extracts trigger antioxidants in cucumber.	garlic has the charisma of a potent remedy and holds its repute of a therapeutic panacea since the dawn of civilization. an integrated approach was adopted to evaluate the genetic diversity among chinese garlic cultivars for their antifungal potency as well as allicin content distribution and, furthermore; a bioassay was performed to study the bio-stimulation mechanism of aqueous garlic extracts (age) in the growth and physiology of cucumber (cucumis sativus). initially, 28 garlic cultivars were ...	2016	27610111
infectious clones of the crinivirus cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus are competent for plant systemic infection and vector transmission.	cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (ccyv), a recently identified bipartite crinivirus, causes economic losses in cucurbit plants. ccyv is naturally transmitted only by whitefly bemisia tabaci. here we constructed full-length cdna clones of ccyv (rna1 and rna2) fused to the t7 rna polymerase promoter and the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. ccyv replicated and accumulated efficiently in cucumis sativus protoplasts transfected with in vitro transcripts. without rna2, rna1 replicated efficientl ...	2016	26982585
chryseobacterium cucumeris sp. nov., an endophyte isolated from cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) root and emended description of chryseobacterium arthrosphaerae.	the gram-stain-negative, yellow-pigmented, rod-shaped bacterial strain gse06t, isolated from the surface-sterilized root of a cucumber plant grown in a field in gunsan, korea, was characterized by not only cultural and morphological features but also physiological, biochemical, and molecular analyses. phylogenetic analyses based on 16s rrna gene sequences revealed that strain gse06t was most related to species of the genus chryseobacterium. furthermore, strain gse06t exhibited the highest sequen ...	2016	27902284
marine organism sulfated polysaccharides exhibiting significant antimalarial activity and inhibition of red blood cell invasion by plasmodium.	the antimalarial activity of heparin, against which there are no resistances known, has not been therapeutically exploited due to its potent anticoagulating activity. here, we have explored the antiplasmodial capacity of heparin-like sulfated polysaccharides from the sea cucumbers ludwigothurea grisea and isostichopus badionotus, from the red alga botryocladia occidentalis, and from the marine sponge desmapsamma anchorata. in vitro experiments demonstrated for most compounds significant inhibiti ...	2016	27071342
the wd-repeat protein csttg1 regulates fruit wart formation through interaction with the homeodomain-leucine zipper i protein mict.	the cucumber (cucumis sativus) fruit is covered with bloom trichomes and warts (composed of spines and tubercules), which have an important impact on the commercial value of the crop. however, little is known about the regulatory mechanism underlying their formation. here, we reported that the cucumber wd-repeat homolog csttg1, which is localized in the nucleus and cytomembrane, plays an important role in the formation of cucumber fruit bloom trichomes and warts. functional characterization of c ...	2016	27208299
csnip2;1 is a plasma membrane transporter from cucumis sativus that facilitates urea uptake when expressed in saccharomyces cerevisiae and arabidopsis thaliana.	urea is an important source of nitrogen (n) for the growth and development of plants. it occurs naturally in soils, is the major n source in agricultural fertilizers and is an important n metabolite in plants. therefore, the identification and characterization of urea transporters in higher plants is important for the fundamental understanding of urea-based n nutrition in plants and for designing novel strategies for improving the n-use efficiency of urea based-fertilizers. progress in this area ...	2016	26858284
survival mechanism of escherichia coli o157:h7 against combined treatment with acetic acid and sodium chloride.	the combination of salt and acid is commonly used in the production of many foods, including pickles and fermented foods. however, in our previous studies, the addition of salt significantly reduced the inhibitory effect of acetic acid on escherichia coli o157:h7 in laboratory media and pickled cucumbers. therefore, this study was conducted to determine the mechanism by which salt confers resistance against acetic acid in e. coli o157:h7. the addition of high concentrations (up to 9% or 15% [w/v ...	2016	26742620
cytotoxic activity of holothuria leucospilota extract against leishmania infantum in vitro.	leishmaniasis is a tropical parasitic infection. the resistance and toxicity issues are the major complications and remain significant consequences related to the treatment of leishmaniasis with the recent and classical drugs. thus there is an immediate requirement to develop new compounds for the treatment of this protozoan disease. sea cucumbers or holothurians are potentially presented as the marine sources of antimicrobial and cytotoxic compounds. the aim of this study was investigation of i ...	2016	27022392
the infection of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) roots by meloidogyne incognita alters the expression of actin-depolymerizing factor (adf) genes, particularly in association with giant cell formation.	cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) is threatened by substantial yield losses due to the south root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita). however, understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the process of nematode infection is still limited. in this study, we found that m. incognita infection affected the structure of cells in cucumber roots and treatment of the cytoskeleton inhibitor (cytochalasin d) reduced root-knot nematode (rkn) parasitism. it is known that actin-depolymerizing factor ...	2016	27695469
efficacy of various application methods of fluensulfone for managing root-knot nematodes in vegetables.	fluensulfone is a new nematicide in the flouroalkenyl chemical group. a field experiment was conducted in 2012 and 2013 to evaluate the efficacy of various application methods of fluensulfone for control of meloidogyne spp. in cucumber (cucumis sativus). treatments of fluensulfone (3.0 kg a.i./ha) were applied either as preplant incorporation (ppi) or via different drip irrigation methods: drip without pulse irrigation (drip np), pulse irrigation 1 hr after treatment (drip +1p), and treatment at ...	2016	27418698
vermicomposting transforms allelopathic parthenium into a benign organic fertilizer.	vermicompost, which had been derived solely by the action of the epigeic earthworm eisenia fetida on parthenium (parthenium hysterophorus), was tested for its impact on the germination and early growth of green gram (vigna radiata), ladies finger (abelmoschus esculentus) and cucumber (cucumis sativus). seedlings were germinated and grown in soil amended with 0 (control), 0.75, 1.5, 2, 4, 8, 20 and 40% (by weight) parthenium vermicompost. even though parthenium is known to possess strong negative ...	2016	27233043
outbreak of salmonella oslo infections linked to persian cucumbers - united states, 2016.	in april 2016, pulsenet, the national molecular subtyping network for foodborne disease surveillance, detected a multistate cluster of salmonella enterica serotype oslo infections with an indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) pattern (xbai pfge pattern oslx01.0090).* this pfge pattern was new in the database; no previous infections or outbreaks have been identified. cdc, state and local health and agriculture departments and laboratories, and the food and drug administration ...	2016	28033312
draft genome sequence of chryseobacterium sp. strain gse06, a biocontrol endophytic bacterium isolated from cucumber (cucumis sativus).	chryseobacterium sp. strain gse06 is a biocontrol endophytic bacterium against the destructive soilborne oomycete phytophthora capsici, which causes phytophthora blight of pepper. here, we present its draft genome sequence, which contains genes related to biocontrol traits, such as colonization, antimicrobial activity, plant growth promotion, and abiotic or biotic stress adaptation.	2016	27313310
mir210 modulates respiratory burst in apostichopus japonicus coelomocytes via targeting toll-like receptor.	immune responses of species in echinodermata remains mysterious due to the lack of efforts made in the study of host defense mechanism in these species. more researches start focusing on this ancient immune system with the recognition the economic values of several species in this phylum, especially sea cucumbers. here, we reported a study in the innate immunity of a sea cucumber species (apostichopus japonicus) in response to infection of vibrio splendidus. a novel differential expressed mirna ...	2016	27545641
use of phages to control vibrio splendidus infection in the juvenile sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus.	in the present study, we isolated 3 bacteriophages with the ability to control vibrio splendidus, a bacterium known to cause disease in the juvenile sea cucumber. these bacteriophages were designated as vb_vsps_vs-abtnl-1 (pvs-1), vb_vsps_vs-abtnl-2 (pvs-2) and vb_vsps_vs-abtnl-3 (pvs-3). the ability of the 3 phages to inhibit the growth of v. splendidus vs-abtnl was tested in vitro using each of the 3 phages individually or in the form of a cocktail of all 3 phages in the proportion of 1:1:1. a ...	2016	27108378
protective effects of chicken egg yolk antibody (igy) against experimental vibrio splendidus infection in the sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus).	vibrio splendidus is one of the most harmful pathogens associated with skin ulceration syndrome in the sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus) due to its high virulence and frequency of appearance. the objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of chicken egg yolk antibody (igy) against v. splendidus infection in the sea cucumber. whole v. splendidus cells were used as an immunogen to immunize 20 white leghorn hens (25 weeks old). igy was produced from egg yolks obtained from these ...	2016	26592708
enantioselective separation of 4,8-dht and phytotoxicity of the enantiomers on various plant species.	as a candidate for bioherbicide, 4,8-dihydroxy-1-tetralone (4,8-dht) was isolated from caryospora callicarpa epicarp and its two enantiomers, s-(+)-isosclerone and r-(-)-regiolone, were separated by chiral high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) on a chiralcel od column with chiral stationary phase (csp)-coated cellulose-tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate). then, the phytotoxicity of 4,8-dht and its enantiomers toward the seeds germination and seedling growth of the five tested plant species ...	2016	27110760
novel platensimycin derivatives with herbicidal activity.	faced with the need to develop herbicides with different modes of action on account of weed resistance to existing herbicides, the sesquiterpene lactones can be the starting point in the search for new bioactive compounds. lumisantonin and five novel amides have been evaluated against two monocotyledons and three dicotyledons.	2016	25914183
effect of acute salinity stress on ion homeostasis, na(+)/k(+)-atpase and histological structure in sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus.	sea cucumbers (apostichopus japonicus) are an imperiled fauna exposed to a variety of environmental condition such as salinity and studies are urgently needed to assess their effects to guide aquaculture efforts. the effects of acute salinity stress on coelomic fluid osmotic pressure, ion concentrations, the activity of na(+)/k(+)-atpase in respiratory trees and the histological variations were measured to evaluate the salinity tolerance of sea cucumbers.	2016	27917349
gene structure, expression, and dna methylation characteristics of sea cucumber cyclin b gene during aestivation.	the sea cucumber, apostichopus japonicus, is a good model for studying environmentally-induced aestivation by a marine invertebrate. one of the central requirements of aestivation is the repression of energy-expensive cellular processes such as cell cycle progression. the present study identified the gene structure of the cell cycle regulator, cyclin b, and detected the expression levels of this gene over three stages of the annual aestivation-arousal cycle. furthermore, the dna methylation char ...	2016	27601256
structural characterization of fucosylated chondroitin sulfates from sea cucumbers apostichopus japonicus and actinopyga mauritiana.	two samples of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (fcs), aj and am, were isolated from holothurian species apostichopus japonicus and actinopyga mauritiana, respectively. purification of fcs was performed by ion exchange chromatography followed by gel filtration. structure of the biopolymers was elucidated using chemical and nmr spectroscopic methods. both polysaccharides were shown to contain a typical chondroitin core built up of repeating disaccharide units →3)-β-d-galnac-(1→4)-β-d-glca-(1→ and ...	2016	27561511
impact of water temperature on the growth and fatty acid profiles of juvenile sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus (selenka).	the present study determined the changes in the fatty acid (fa) profiles of juvenile sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus in response to the varied water temperature. sea cucumbers with similar size (4.02±0.11g) were cultured for 8 weeks at 14°c, 18°c, 22°c and 26°c, respectively. at the end of the experiment, the specific growth rate (sgr) and the profiles of fas in neutral lipids and phospholipids of the juvenile sea cucumbers cultured at different temperatures were determined. the sgrs of the ...	2016	27503728
long non-coding rnas (lncrnas) of sea cucumber: large-scale prediction, expression profiling, non-coding network construction, and lncrna-microrna-gene interaction analysis of lncrnas in apostichopus japonicus and holothuria glaberrima during lps challenge and radial organ complex regeneration.	long non-coding rna (lncrna) structurally resembles mrna but cannot be translated into protein. although the systematic identification and characterization of lncrnas have been increasingly reported in model species, information concerning non-model species is still lacking. here, we report the first systematic identification and characterization of lncrnas in two sea cucumber species: (1) apostichopus japonicus during lipopolysaccharide (lps) challenge and in heathy tissues and (2) holothuria g ...	2016	27392411
effects of acute and chronic heavy metal (cu, cd, and zn) exposure on sea cucumbers (apostichopus japonicus).	acute and chronic toxicity tests were conducted with sea cucumber (apostichopus japonicus) exposed to heavy metals. acute toxicity values (96 h lc50) were 2.697, 0.133, and 1.574 mg l(-1) for zn, cu, and cd, respectively, and were ranked in order of toxicity: cu > cd > zn. under chronic metal exposure the specific growth rates of sea cucumbers decreased with the increase of metal concentration for all the three metals. after acute metal exposure, the oxygen consumption rate (ocr) decreased. the ...	2016	27382568
understanding mechanism of sea cucumber apostichopus japonicus aestivation: insights from tmt-based proteomic study.	marine invertebrate aestivation is a unique strategy for summer survival in response to hot marine conditions. the sea cucumber, apostichopus japonicus, is an excellent model marine invertebrate for studies of environmentally-induced aestivation. in the present study, we used a tandem mass tag (tmt)-coupled lc-ms/ms approach to identify and quantify the global proteome expression profile over the aestivation-arousal cycle of a. japonicus. a total of 3920 proteins were identified from the intesti ...	2016	27376927