Publications

bacterial diversity in a nonsaline alkaline environment: heterotrophic aerobic populations.	heterotrophic populations were isolated and characterized from an alkaline groundwater environment generated by active serpentinization, which results in a ca(oh)2-enriched, extremely diluted groundwater with ph 11.4. one hundred eighty-five strains were isolated in different media at different ph values during two sampling periods. to assess the degree of diversity present in the environment and to select representative strains for further characterization of the populations, we screened the is ...	2004	15574939
rhodococcus pyridinovorans mw3, a bacterium producing a nitrile hydratase.	rhodococcus pyridinovorans mw3 was isolated from an arable land of manioc from the congo for its ability to transform acrylonitrile to acrylamide. this strain contains a cobalt nitrile hydratase (nhase) showing high sequence homology with nhases so far described. the specific nhase activity was 97 u mg(-1) dry wt. nhase production by r. pyridinovorans mw3 was urea and co-dependent. the nhase was active for acrylamide up to 60% (w/v) indicating its potential for acrylamide production.	2004	15604767
enzymatic hydrolysis of cyanohydrins with recombinant nitrile hydratase and amidase from rhodococcus erythropolis.	nitrile hydratase and amidase from rhodococcus erythropolis cimb11540 were both cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. crude cell free extracts were used for the hydrolysis of different aromatic cyanohydrins. nitrile hydratase expression was increased up to 5-fold by redesign of the expression cassette. the recombinant enzymes were successfully used for the conversion of several cyanohydrins to the corresponding alpha-hydroxy amides and acids while retaining enantiopurity.	2004	15604819
isolation and characterization of rhodococcus sp. strains tmp2 and t12 that degrade 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane (pristane) at moderately low temperatures.	branched alkanes including 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane (pristane) are more resistant to biological degradation than straight-chain alkanes especially under low-temperature conditions, such as 10 degrees c. two bacterial strains, tmp2 and t12, that are capable of degrading pristane at 10 degrees c were isolated and characterized. both strains grew optimally at 30 degrees c and were identified as rhodococcus sp. based on the 16s rrna gene sequences. strain t12 degraded comparable amounts of p ...	2004	15607231
crystal structure of the terminal oxygenase component of biphenyl dioxygenase derived from rhodococcus sp. strain rha1.	biphenyl dioxygenase is the enzyme that catalyzes the stereospecific dioxygenation of the aromatic ring. this enzyme has attracted the attention of researchers due to its ability to oxidize polychlorinated biphenyls, which is one of the serious environmental contaminants. we determined the crystal structure of the terminal oxygenase component of the biphenyl dioxygenase (bpha1a2) derived from rhodococcus strain sp. rha1 in substrate-free and complex forms. these crystal structures revealed that ...	2004	15342255
degradation of estrogens by rhodococcus zopfii and rhodococcus equi isolates from activated sludge in wastewater treatment plants.	we have isolated four strains of rhodococcus which specifically degrade estrogens by using enrichment culture of activated sludge from wastewater treatment plants. strain y 50158, identified as rhodococcus zopfii, completely and rapidly degraded 100 mg of 17beta-estradiol, estrone, estriol, and ethinyl estradiol/liter, as demonstrated by thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. strains y 50155, y 50156, and y 50157, identified as rhodococcus equi, showed degra ...	2004	15345411
isolation and characterization of a rolling-circle-type plasmid from rhodococcus erythropolis and application of the plasmid to multiple-recombinant-protein expression.	we isolated, sequenced, and characterized the cryptic plasmid pre8424 from rhodococcus erythropolis dsm8424. plasmid pre8424 is a 5,987-bp circular plasmid; it carries six open reading frames and also contains cis-acting elements, specifically a single-stranded origin and a double-stranded origin, which are characteristic of rolling-circle-replication plasmids. experiments with pre8424 derivatives carrying a mutated single-stranded origin sequence showed that single-stranded dna intermediates ac ...	2004	15345444
nucleotide sequence of a portion of the camphor-degrading gene cluster from rhodococcus sp. ncimb 9784.	rhodococcus sp. ncimb 9784 is a camphor-degrading gram-positive organism originally isolated from activated sewage sludge. a 5.4kbp portion of a proposed camphor degradation gene cluster from this organism was cloned and its nucleotide sequence determined. four open reading frames (orfs) were identified encoding proteins possibly involved in camphor metabolism; sequence alignment of the translation products suggested that the orfs encode for a ferredoxin reductase, acyl-coa ligase, epimerase and ...	2004	15346763
a linear megaplasmid, p1cp, carrying the genes for chlorocatechol catabolism of rhodococcus opacus 1cp.	the gram-positive actinobacterium rhodococcus opacus 1cp is able to utilize several (chloro)aromatic compounds as sole carbon sources, and gene clusters for various catabolic enzymes and pathways have previously been identified. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis indicates the occurrence of a 740 kb megaplasmid, designated p1cp. linear topology and the presence of covalently bound proteins were shown by the unchanged electrophoretic mobility after s1 nuclease treatment and by the immobility of the ...	2004	15347765
molecular cloning and identification of a novel oxygenase gene specifically induced during the growth of rhodococcus sp. strain t104 on limonene.	rhodococcus sp. strain t104 is able to utilize both limonene and biphenyl as growth substrates. furthermore, t104 possesses separate pathways for the degradation of limonene and biphenyl. previously, we found that a gene(s) involved in limonene degradation was also related to indigo-producing ability. to further corroborate this observation, we have cloned and sequenced a 8,842-bp genomic dna region with four open reading frames, including one for indole oxygenase, which converts indole to indig ...	2004	15357313
adaptation of rhodococcus erythropolis dcl14 to growth on n-alkanes, alcohols and terpenes.	rhodococcus erythropolis dcl14 has the ability to convert the terpene (-)-carveol to the valuable flavour compound (-)-carvone when growing on a wide range of carbon sources. to study the effect of carbon and energy sources such as alkanes, alkanols and terpenes on the biotechnological process, the cellular adaptation at the level of fatty acid composition of the membrane phospholipids and the (-)-carvone production were examined. all tested carbon sources caused a dose-dependent increase in the ...	2004	15856218
aldoxime dehydratase co-existing with nitrile hydratase and amidase in the iron-type nitrile hydratase-producer rhodococcus sp. n-771.	we identified an aldoxime dehydratase (oxd) gene in the 5'-flanking region of the nitrile hydratase-amidase gene cluster in the photoreactive iron-type nitrile hydratase-producer, rhodococcus sp. n-771. the enzyme showed 96.3%, 77.6%, and 30.4% identities with the oxds of rhodococcus globerulus a-4, pseudomonas chlororaphis b23, and bacillus sp. oxb-1, respectively. the enzyme was expressed in escherichia coli under the control of the lac- or t7 promoters in its intact and his6-tagged forms, pur ...	2004	16233624
characteristics of rhodococcus pyridinovorans pyj-1 for the biodegradation of benzene, toluene, m-xylene (btx), and their mixtures.	the degradation rates of benzene, toluene, and m-xylene (btx) by rhodococcus pyridinovorans pyj-1, were highest at 30, 50, and 25 mg/l, respectively. the degradation rate was highest for toluene (0.106 mg/mg-protein x h) followed by benzene and m-xylene at the optimum ph and temperature of 7 and 32 degrees c, respectively. for btx mixtures, toluene was the preferred substrate, but degradation of each btx was competitively inhibited by other btx compounds. the degradation rate of each component o ...	2004	16233656
constitutive synthesis, purification, and characterization of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase from the aniline-assimilating bacterium rhodococcus sp. an-22.	a catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (cd) was found, which was synthesized constitutively in the aniline-assimilating bacterium rhodococcus sp. an-22 grown on a medium without aniline, as well as on aniline medium. the bacterium synthesized cd in its cells grown on all the 21 non-aromatic substrates examined, including four natural media such as meat and yeast extracts, one sugar, six organic acids, and 10 amino acids as carbon, energy, and nitrogen sources. when the bacterium was incubated on a medium wi ...	2004	16233669
bacteremia due to rhodococcus equi--a case report.	rhodococcus equi (r. equi) primarily causes zoonotic infections affecting grazing animals and is an unusual cause of infection in immunocompetent human beings. we report a case of bacteremia due to r. equi a rare isolate in a child suffering from protein energy malnutrition	2004	16295396
enantioselective hydrolysis of butyl 2-ethylhexanoate by a strain of nocardia corynebacteroides.	the results of a screen for microbial esterases that have enantioselective activity for the hydrolysis of butyl 2-ethylhexanoate are described. the preliminary screen determined that a nocardioform bacterial strain, nrrl 21057, exhibited significant activity in preferentially hydrolyzing the s enantiomer of butyl 2-ethylhexanoate. molecular systematics methods identified nrrl 21057 as a strain of nocardia corynebacteroides. a survey of phylogenetically related species in the genera gordonia, rho ...	2004	15297919
the lysr-type transcriptional regulator virr is required for expression of the virulence gene vapa of rhodococcus equi atcc 33701.	the virulence of the intracellular pathogen rhodococcus equi in foals is dependent on the presence of an 81-kb virulence plasmid encoding the virulence protein vapa. expression of this protein is induced by exposure to oxidative stress, high temperatures, and low phs, which reflect the conditions encountered by r. equi when it enters the host environment. the aim of this study was to determine whether the lysr-type transcriptional regulator virr, which is encoded by the virulence plasmid, is req ...	2004	15317761
retrospective comparison of azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin for the treatment of foals with rhodococcus equi pneumonia.	the objective of this retrospective study was to compare the efficacy of azithromycin-rifampin, clarithromycin-rifampin, and erythromycin-rifampin for the treatment of pneumonia caused by rhodococcus equi in foals. eighty-one foals with naturally acquired pneumonia caused by r. equi were included in the study. information on age, sex, breed, physical examination findings, laboratory testing, and thoracic radiography was abstracted from each medical record. foals were divided in 3 groups based on ...	2004	15320600
thermostable flavin reductase that couples with dibenzothiophene monooxygenase, from thermophilic bacillus sp. dsm411: purification, characterization, and gene cloning.	flavin reductase is essential for the oxygenases involved in microbial dibenzothiophene (dbt) desulfurization. an enzyme of the thermophilic strain, bacillus sp. dsm411, was selected to couple with dbt monooxygenase (dszc) from rhodococcus erythropolis d-1. the flavin reductase was purified to homogeneity from bacillus sp. dsm411, and the native enzyme was a monomer of m(r) 16 kda. although the best substrates were flavin mononucleotide and nadh, the enzyme also used other flavin compounds and a ...	2004	15322355
haemolytic rhodococcus equi isolated from a swine lymph node with granulomatous lesions.	rhodococcus equi is generally thought to be non-haemolytic although some earlier investigations reported minor haemolytic activity. a case of a haemolytic r. equi isolate from a swine lymph node with granulomatous lesions is described. this is a new contribution to knowledge of the cultural properties of r. equi.	2004	15330986
bacterial communities and enzyme activities of pahs polluted soils.	three soils (i.e. a belgian soil, b-bt, a german soil, g, and an italian agricultural soil, i-bt) with different properties and hydrocarbon-pollution history with regard to their potential to degrade phenanthrene were investigated. a chemical and microbiological evaluation of soils was done using measurements of routine chemical properties, bacterial counts and several enzyme activities. the three soils showed different levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), being their contamination ...	2004	15331267
crystallization and preliminary x-ray analyses of desulfurization enzyme dszb and its c27s mutant complexed with biphenyl-2-sulfinic acid.	dszb is a hydrolase involved in the biodegradation of dibenzothiophene in the soil bacterium rhodococcus sp. igts8. dszb catalyzes the hydrolysis of 2'-hydroxybiphenyl-2-sulfinic acid to sulfite and biphenyl-2-ol. dszb and dszb c27s mutant complexed with biphenyl-2-sulfinic acid were crystallized and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analyses were conducted. the crystals of dszb were found to belong to the orthorhombic p2(1)2(1)2(1) space group, with unit-cell parameters a = 36.7, b = 82.6, c = ...	2004	15333940
the n-terminal coiled coil of the rhodococcus erythropolis arc aaa atpase is neither necessary for oligomerization nor nucleotide hydrolysis.	deletion mutants of the rhodococcus erythropolis arc aaa atpase were generated and characterized by biochemical analysis and electron microscopy. based on sequence comparisons the arc protein was divided into three consecutive regions, the n-terminal coiled coil, the central arc-specific inter domain and the c-terminal aaa domain. when the arc aaa domain was expressed separately it formed aggregates of undefined structure. however, when the aaa domain was expressed in conjunction with the precee ...	2004	15037247
high-throughput measurement of the enantiomeric excess of chiral alcohols by using two enzymes.		2004	15038041
nramp1 deletion does not confer susceptibility to rhodococcus equi infection in mice.	rhodococcus equi is an intracellular bacterium that causes pneumonia in immunocompromised people and foals. the nramp1 gene influences susceptibility to a variety of intracellular bacteria (including mycobacterial species), but not to mycobacterium tuberculosis. in this study, we demonstrate that mice functionally deleted of the nramp1 gene were not more susceptible to infection with virulent r. equi (atcc 33701) than wild-type mice. susceptibility of mice to infection with the intracellular bac ...	2004	15045472
hydrocarbon spills on antarctic soils: effects and management.	antarctic exploration and research have led to some significant although localized impacts on the environment. human impacts occur around current or past scientific research stations, typically located on ice-free areas that are predominantly soils. fuel spills, the most common occurrence, have the potential to cause the greatest environmental impact in the antarctic through accumulation of aliphatic and aromatic compounds. effective management of hydrocarbon spills is dependent on understanding ...	2004	15046325
metabolic pathway engineering to enhance aerobic degradation of chlorinated ethenes and to reduce their toxicity by cloning a novel glutathione s-transferase, an evolved toluene o-monooxygenase, and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase.	aerobic, co-metabolic bioremediation of trichloroethylene (tce), cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (cis-dce) and other chlorinated ethenes with monooxygenase-expressing microorganisms is limited by the toxic epoxides produced as intermediates. a recombinant escherichia coli strain less sensitive to the toxic effects of cis-dce, tce and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (trans-dce) degradation has been created by engineering a novel pathway consisting of eight genes including a dna-shuffled toluene ortho-monooxy ...	2004	15049922
a novel system for expressing recombinant proteins over a wide temperature range from 4 to 35 degrees c.	escherichia coli cells are the most commonly used host cells for large-scale production of recombinant proteins, but some proteins are difficult to express in e. coli. therefore, we tested the nocardioform actinomycete rhodococcus erythropolis, which grows at temperatures ranging from 4 to 35 degrees c, as an expression host cell. we constructed inducible expression vectors, where the expression of the target genes could be controlled with the antibiotic thiostrepton. using these expression vect ...	2004	15052633
rhodococcus aetherivorans sp. nov., a new species that contains methyl t-butyl ether-degrading actinomycetes.	the taxonomic positions of two actinomycetes, strains bc663 and 10bc312t, provisionally assigned to the genus rhodococcus were determined using a combination of genotypic and phenotypic properties. the organisms have phenotypic properties typical of members of the genus rhodococcus and were assigned to the 16s rrna subgroup which contains rhodococcus rhodochrous and closely related species. the two strains, which have many phenotypic features in common, belong to the same genomic species albeit ...	2004	15053322
crystal structure of 4-chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase from the chlorophenol-utilizing gram-positive rhodococcus opacus 1cp.	the crystal structure of the 4-chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase from the gram-positive bacterium rhodococcus opacus (erythropolis) 1cp, a fe(iii) ion-containing enzyme involved in the aerobic biodegradation of chloroaromatic compounds, has been solved by multiple wavelength anomalous dispersion using the weak anomalous signal of the two catalytic irons (1 fe/257 amino acids) and refined at a 2.5 a resolution (r(free) 28.7%; r factor 21.4%). the analysis of the structure and its comparison with the ...	2004	15060064
indene bioconversion by a toluene inducible dioxygenase of rhodococcus sp. i24.	rhodococcus sp. i24 can oxygenate indene via at least three independent enzyme activities: (i) a naphthalene inducible monooxygenase (ii) a naphthalene inducible dioxygenase, and (iii) a toluene inducible dioxygenase (tid). pulsed field gel analysis revealed that the i24 strain harbors two megaplasmids of approximately 340 and approximately 50 kb. rhodococcus sp. ky1, a derivative of the i24 strain, lacks the approximately 340 kb element as well as the tid activity. southern blotting and sequenc ...	2004	15069586
diagnostic contribution of thoracic ultrasonography in 17 foals with rhodococcus equi pneumonia.	the aim of this retrospective study was to determine the clinical usefulness of thoracic ultrasonography compared to thoracic radiography in evaluation of rhodococcus equi pneumonia. criteria for patient inclusion in this study were: (1) isolation of r. equi from transtracheal aspirate, (2) radiographic evaluation of the pulmonary parenchyma, and (3) sonographic evaluation of the pulmonary parenchyma. seventeen foals met this criteria and their medical records were reviewed. pyogranulomatous pne ...	2004	15072151
pb264, a small, mobilizable, temperature sensitive plasmid from rhodococcus.	gram-positive bacteria of the genus rhodococcus have shown an extraordinary capacity for metabolizing recalcitrant organic compounds. one hindrance to the full exploitation of rhodococcus is the dearth of genetic tools available for strain manipulation. to address this issue, we sought to develop a plasmid-based system for genetic manipulation of a variety of rhodococcus strains.	2004	15084226
biodegradation of seven polychlorinated biphenyls by a newly isolated aerobic bacterium (rhodococcus sp. r04).	an aerobic bacterial strain, designated r04, belonging to the genus rhodococcus has been isolated and characerized by 16s rdna analysis. the capability of this strain to degrade seven different polychlorinated biphenyls (cbs), 500 ppm 3-cb, 3,4-cb, 4,4'-cb, 2,4,6-cb, 2,4',5-cb, 2,3,4,5-cb and 3,4,3',4'-cb in liquid medium, was evaluated. after 5 days of incubation, the concentration of chloride increased to 0.35 mm in cultures containing 3-cb and r04, whereas in cultures with 3,4-cb, 2,3,4,5-cb ...	2004	15365854
hyper-inducible expression system for streptomycetes.	streptomycetes produce useful enzymes and a wide variety of secondary metabolites with potent biological activities (e.g., antibiotics, immunosuppressors, pesticides, etc.). despite their importance in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical fields, there have been no reports for practical expression systems in streptomycetes. here, we developed a "p(nita)-nitr" system for regulatory gene expression in streptomycetes based on the expression mechanism of rhodococcus rhodochrous j1 nitrilase, which is ...	2004	15377796
solvent toxicity in organic-aqueous systems analysed by multivariate analysis.	the effect of several solvents present in a biphasic reaction system on cells of rhodococcus erythropolis dcl14, xanthobacter py2, arthrobacter simplex and mycobacterium sp. nrrl b-3805 was evaluated. these four strains have been widely exploited, from bioremediation to the production of fine chemicals, in two-phase reaction media. the solvents tested were ethyl butyrate, n-hexane, cyclohexane, iso-octane, n-dodecane, dmso, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and fluorinert fc-70. the cell population wa ...	2004	15378340
can whole genome analysis refine the taxonomy of the genus rhodococcus?	the current systematics of the genus rhodococcus is unclear, partly because many members were originally included before the application of a polyphasic taxonomic approach, central to which is the acquisition of 16s rrna sequence data. this has resulted in the reclassification and description of many new species. hence, the literature is replete with new species names that have not been brought together in an organized and easily interpreted form. this taxonomic confusion has been compounded by ...	2004	15449609
genetic characterization of the dibenzofuran-degrading actinobacteria carrying the dbfa1a2 gene homologues isolated from activated sludge.	thirteen dibenzofuran (df)-utilizing bacteria carrying the df terminal dioxygenase genes homologous to those of terrabacter sp. strain dbf63 (dbfa1a2) were newly isolated from activated sludge samples. the amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis and the hybridization analyses showed that these strains were grouped into five genetically different types of bacteria. the sequence analyses of the 16s rrna genes and the dbfa1a2 homologues from these five selected isolates revealed that the isola ...	2004	15451113
mycobacterium sp., rhodococcus erythropolis, and pseudomonas putida behavior in the presence of organic solvents.	this work aimed at studying the behavior and tolerance of mycobacterium sp. nrrl b-3805, rhodococcus erythropolis dcl14 and pseudomonas putida s12 cells in the presence of various concentrations of water miscible (ethanol, butanol, and dimethylformamide, up to 50% v/v) and water immiscible solvents (dodecane, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and toluene, up to 5% v/v). when incubated in the presence of these solvents, the cells were found to have lower tolerance to butanol and toluene than to the rem ...	2004	15452888
genetic organization of the dhla gene encoding 1,2-dichloroethane dechlorinase from xanthobacter flavus ue15.	xanthobacter flavus strain ue15 was isolated in wastewater obtained from the ulsan industrial complex, korea. this strain functions as a 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-dca) degrader, via a mechanism of hydrolytic dechlorination, under aerobic conditions. the ue15 strain was also capable of dechlorinating other chloroaliphatics, such as 2-chloroacetic acid and 2-chloropropionic acid. the dhla gene encoding 1,2-dca dechlorinase was cloned from the genomic dna of the ue15 strain, and its nucleotide sequen ...	2004	15459646
metabolism of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole by rhodococcus rhodochrous.	2-mercaptobenzothiazole, which is mainly used in the rubber industry as a vulcanization accelerator, is very toxic and is considered to be recalcitrant. we show here for the first time that it can be biotransformed and partially mineralized by a pure-culture bacterial strain of rhodococcus rhodochrous. three metabolites, among four detected, were identified.	2004	15466583
stabilization of oil-water emulsions by hydrophobic bacteria.	formation of oil-water emulsions during bacterial growth on hydrocarbons is often attributed to biosurfactants. here we report the ability of certain intact bacterial cells to stabilize oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions without changing the interfacial tension, by inhibition of droplet coalescence as observed in emulsion stabilization by solid particles like silica.	2004	15466587
[variation in the composition of rhodococcus rodochrous gnp-ohp-38r cell membrane fatty acids in response to temperature and salinity].	the members of the genus rhodococcus are frequent and abundant inhabitants of polluted areas with hydrocarbons and they resist the salinity present in the central patagonia. this genus has good capacity to eliminate pollution produced by hydrocarbons that constitutes the biggest pollutant agent in the region. the present work studies the answer in the composition of its fatty acids under the combined action of the temperature and saline concentration of an isolated stump of a landfarming system. ...	2004	15470863
use of heterotrophic co2 assimilation as a measure of metabolic activity in planktonic and sessile bacteria.	we have examined whether assimilation of co2 can be used as a measure of metabolic activity in planktonic and sessile heterotrophic bacteria. co2 assimilation by environmental samples and pure cultures of heterotrophic bacteria was studied using 14co2 and 13co2 as tracers. heterotrophic growth on complex organic substrates resulted in assimilation of co2 into cell biomass by activated sludge, drinking water biofilm, and pure cultures of escherichia coli atcc 25922, es. coli atcc 13706, rhodococc ...	2004	15488281
effect of gas velocity and influent concentration on biofiltration of gasoline off-gas from soil vapor extraction.	this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of gas inlet concentration and velocity on the biofiltration of gasoline vapor. gasoline vapor was treated using a compost biofilter operated in an upflow mode for about 3 months. the inlet concentration of gasoline total petroleum hydrocarbon (tph) ranged from about 300 to 7000 mgm(-3) and gas was injected at velocities of 6 and 15 mh(-1) (empty bed residence time (ebrt)=10 and 4 min, respectively). the maximum elimination capacities of tph at 6 ...	2004	15488935
the effect of mutation on rhodococcus equi virulence plasmid gene expression and mouse virulence.	an 81 kb virulence plasmid containing a pathogenicity island (pi) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals but its specific function in virulence and regulation of plasmid-encoded virulence genes is unclear. using a lacz selection marker developed for r. equi in this study, in combination with an apramycin resistance gene, an efficient two-stage homologous recombination targeted gene mutation procedure was used to mutate three virulence plasmid genes, a lys ...	2004	15504593
other bacteria and hiv disease.	hiv-infected individuals are predisposed to infection with bacteria, in particular streptococcus pneumoniae and non-typhi salmonella. other bacteria also complicate hiv disease, either because they are inherently pathogenic--staphylococcus aureus, enterobacteraciae, bacterial agents of enteritis--or they take advantage of advanced immunosuppression--rhodococcus spp, nocardia spp. an understanding of the role of bacteria is essential to the care of hiv-infected patients.	2004	15510943
rhodococcus equi pneumonia in a renal transplant patient: a case report and review of literature.	immunocompromised patients are susceptible to many pathogens, including those that are predominantly problems in veterinary medicine. we report a case of a 42-yr-old white male who presented 19 months post-cadaveric renal transplant (for iga nephropathy) with a 5 d history of nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping and diarrhea. admission chest x-ray revealed a suspicious mass lesion in the left lower lobe. computed tomography (ct) guided biopsy of the lesion showed a large zone of cd68 +ve histioc ...	2004	15516256
functional characterization of a catabolic plasmid from polychlorinated- biphenyl-degrading rhodococcus sp. strain rha1.	rhodococcus sp. strain rha1, a potent polychlorinated-biphenyl (pcb)-degrading strain, contains three linear plasmids ranging in size from 330 to 1,100 kb. as part of a genome sequencing project, we report here the complete sequence and characterization of the smallest and least-well-characterized of the rha1 plasmids, prhl3. the plasmid is an actinomycete invertron, containing large terminal inverted repeats with a tightly associated protein and a predicted open reading frame (orf) that is simi ...	2004	15516593
polymorphisms in equine immune response genes and their associations with infections.	polymorphic markers identified in the horse genes encoding the interleukin 12 p40 subunit, interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase were identified and tested, along with additional markers, for associations with two important horse infections: rhodococcus equi and lawsonia intracellularis. eight immune response-related and 14 microsatellite loci covering 12 out of 31 equine autosomes were used for the association analysis. markers located on horse ...	2004	15520887
[utilization of h2o2 as the oxygen source by bacteria of the genera pseudomonas and rhodococcus].	the growth of bacteria of the genera pseudomonas and rhodococcus in the presence of hydrogen peroxide as the sole source of oxygen was studied. the toxic effect of h2o2 in the concentration range of 100-200 microg/ml was shown to extend the lag phase by 2 to 3 days. apart from the peroxide toxicity, the bacterial growth was inhibited by the toxic effect of dissolved oxygen in concentrations over 100 microg o2/ml; in the presence of a liquid hydrocarbon phase, this effect was alleviated. under de ...	2004	15521171
in vitro antimicrobial activity of gatifloxacin compared with other quinolones against clinical isolates from cancer patients.	owing to the predominance of gram-positive pathogens in neutropenic cancer patients, newer generation quinolones with an expanded gram-positive spectrum and enhanced potency, may have a role to play for prophylaxis and/or empiric therapy in such patients. the in vitro activity of gatifloxacin was compared with that of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and trovafloxacin against 848 recent clinical isolates from cancer patients. against gram-positive organisms, gatifloxacin was the most active agent tes ...	2004	15523180
foal igg and opsonizing anti-rhodococcus equi antibodies after immunization of pregnant mares with a protective vapa candidate vaccine.	the aim of this study was to evaluate serum igg antibody levels and opsonizing activity in foals from pregnant mares immunized with either proteins from an r. equi strain containing virulence-associated protein a (vapa), an immunodominant surface-expressed lipoprotein encoded by a virulence plasmid crucial for virulence in foals, or a whole killed virulent r. equi preparation. forty-eight pregnant mares were distributed into three groups, i.e. 24 immunized with r. equi vapa protein antigen assoc ...	2004	15530741
novel beta-carotene ketolases from non-photosynthetic bacteria for canthaxanthin synthesis.	we reported previously that the rhodococcus erythropolis strain an12 synthesizes the monocyclic carotenoids 4-keto gamma-carotene and gamma-carotene. we also identified a novel lycopene beta-monocyclase in this strain. here we report the identification of the rest of the carotenoid synthesis genes in an12. two of these showed apparent homology to putative phytoene dehydrogenases. analysis of rhodococcus knockout mutants suggested that one of them ( crti) encodes a phytoene dehydrogenase, whereas ...	2004	15538629
[production of surfactants by rhodococcus erythropolis strain ek-1, grown on hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates].	the ability of rhodococcus erythropolis strain ek-1 to produce surfactants when grown on hydrophilic (ethanol and glucose) and hydrophobic (liquid paraffins and hexadecane) substrates was studied. the strain was found to produce surfactants with emulsifying and surface-active properties. the production of surfactants depended on the composition of the nutritive medium, nature and concentration of the sources of carbon and nitrogen, and duration of cultivation. chemically, surfactants produced by ...	2004	15553786
[lysozyme of the mollusk unio pictorum and the sensitivity of alkanotrophic rhodococci to its effect].	a preparation of lysozyme from a freshwater bivalve, unio pictorum, has been isolated by sorption to chitin, and its physicochemical properties have been studied. an assessment of the sensitivity of 48 strains of rhodococci, belonging to the species rhodococcus rubber, r. luteus, and r. erythropolis (specialized collection of alkanotrophic microorganisms of the institute of ecology and genetics of microorganisms, ural division of the russian academy of sciences), which were isolated from diverse ...	2004	15553788
[characterization of bacteria of the genera mycobacterium, rhodococcus and nocardia isolated from environmental objects in the republic of daghestan].	the bacteriological study of specimens taken from environmental objects, biomaterials from animals and sputa from tuberculosis patients revealed the ubiquity of mycobacterium, nocardia and rhodococci obtained from different kinds of environment in the republic of daghestan. in the identification 83.6% out of the isolated atypical mycobacterium cultures were classified with ranion groups ii and iv. among nocardia, the most widespread organisms were n. asteroides (62.7%) and among rhodococci, r. e ...	2004	15554326
rhodococcus equi-infected macrophages are recognized and killed by cd8+ t lymphocytes in a major histocompatibility complex class i-unrestricted fashion.	the goal of this research was to examine the role of cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) in the control of rhodococcus equi and specifically to determine if r. equi-specific cd8+ ctl occurred in the blood of immune horses. equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with antigen-presenting cells either infected with r. equi or exposed to soluble r. equi antigen lysed r. equi-infected target cells. lysis was decreased to background by depletion of either cd2+ or cd3+ cells, indicating that the ...	2004	15557631
bacterial diversity of a soil sample from schirmacher oasis, antarctica.	the bacterial diversity of a soil sample collected in the vicinity of lake zub, schirmacher oasis, antarctica, was determined both by establishing pure colonies of culturable bacteria and by cloning the total 16s rdna of the soil and establishing the phylogeny of the clones. analysis of the 16s rrna gene clones indicated that the bacteria belonged to the classes alpha-proteobacteria, beta-proteobacteria, gamma-proteobacteria, gemmatimonas, bacteriodetes, actinobacteria, chloroflexi and chlamydia ...	2004	15559969
members of the genera paenibacillus and rhodococcus harbor genes homologous to enterococcal glycopeptide resistance genes vana and vanb.	genes homologous to enterococcal glycopeptide resistance genes vana and vanb were found in glycopeptide-resistant paenibacillus and rhodococcus strains from soil. the putative d-ala:d-lac ligase genes in paenibacillus thiaminolyticus pt-2b1 and paenibacillus apiarius pa-b2b were closely related to vana (92 and 87%) and flanked by genes homologous to vanh and vanx in vana operons.	2004	15561881
degradation of 5-nitroguaiacol by soil bacteria of the genus rhodococcus.	two bacterial strains were isolated from forest soil by selective enrichment of the mineral medium containing 4-nitropyrocatechol as the sole carbon and energy source. both strains could utilize 4-nitropyrocatechol and 5-nitroguaiacol. degradation of 5-nitroguaiacol and stoichiometric release of nitrites was measured during its degradation both in growing culture and for resting cells. both strains were unable to degrade other nitroaromatic compounds such as 4-nitroguaiacol, 2-nitrophenol, 3-nit ...	2004	15702555
multiplicity of 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase genes in the gram-positive polychlorinated biphenyl degrading bacterium rhodococcus rhodochrous k37.	rhodococcus rhodochrous k37, a gram-positive bacterium grown under alkaline conditions, was isolated for its ability to metabolize pcbs. analysis revealed that it has eight genes encoding extradiol dioxygenase, which has 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase activity, and these genes were designated bphc1 to bphc8. according to the classification of extradiol dioxygenases [eltis, l. d., and bolin, j. t., j. bacteriol., 178, 5930-5937 (1996)], bphc3 and bphc6 belong to the type ii enzyme group. t ...	2004	15118304
degradation pathways of cyclic alkanes in rhodococcus sp. ndkk48.	the degradation pathways for cyclic alkanes (c-alkanes) in rhodococcus sp. ndkk48 were investigated. strain ndkk48 used dodecylcyclohexane as a sole carbon and energy source, and five metabolites in the dodecylcyclohexane degradation pathway were detected by gas-chromatography/mass spectra. the metabolites were identified as cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, cyclohexylacetic acid, 1-cyclohexene-1-acetic acid, 4-dodecylcyclohexanol, and 4-dodecylcyclohexanone. the strain degrades dodecylcyclohexane via ...	2004	15118847
the immunogenicity of rhodococcus equi groel2-based vaccines in a murine model.	rhodococcus equi is a significant intracellular bacterial pathogen in foals. however, at present there is no commercially available vaccine for the prevention of r. equi-induced disease in these animals. studies have shown that groel based vaccines can afford protection against some intracellular pathogens. in this study, the r. equi gene encoding the heat shock protein groel2 was cloned and sequenced, with a view to using it as a vaccine candidate. the promoter region of the gene contained two ...	2004	15127846
bacterial communities associated with flowering plants of the ni hyperaccumulator thlaspi goesingense.	thlaspi goesingense is able to hyperaccumulate extremely high concentrations of ni when grown in ultramafic soils. recently it has been shown that rhizosphere bacteria may increase the heavy metal concentrations in hyperaccumulator plants significantly, whereas the role of endophytes has not been investigated yet. in this study the rhizosphere and shoot-associated (endophytic) bacteria colonizing t. goesingense were characterized in detail by using both cultivation and cultivation-independent te ...	2004	15128517
nitrite elimination and hydrolytic ring cleavage in 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid) degradation.	two hydrogenation reactions in the initial steps of degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol produce the dihydride meisenheimer complex of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol. the npdh gene (contained in the npd gene cluster of the 2,4,6-trinitrophenol-degrading strain rhodococcus opacus hl pm-1) was shown here to encode a tautomerase, catalyzing a proton shift between the aci-nitro and the nitro forms of the dihydride meisenheimer complex of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol. an enzyme (which eliminated nitrite from the aci-ni ...	2004	15128543
relation between bacterial strain resistance to solvents and biodesulfurization activity in organic medium.	microorganisms used in biodesulfurization of petroleum products have to withstand high concentrations of hydrocarbons. the capacities of seven desulfurizing strains of rhodococcus to be active in the presence of solvents were evaluated. octanol and toluene (log p=2.9) were selected as toxic solvents. the effect of the solvents was determined by measuring either inhibition of growth or the decrease in respiratory activity of the cells. differences among strains in their resistance to solvent resp ...	2004	15133641
identification and differentiation of avirulent and virulent rhodococcus equi using selective media and colony blotting dna hybridization to determine their concentrations in the environment.	selective agar media have been used for many years to facilitate the isolation of rhodococcus equi from environmental and clinical samples. however, characterisation of r. equi still requires the use of immunochemical or polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis to differentiate between virulent and avirulent isolates. here, we describe a novel method to detect and differentiate between r. equi isolates using colony blotting and dna hybridization. radiolabelled pcr product derived from the r. equ ...	2004	15135520
structure of 6-oxo camphor hydrolase h122a mutant bound to its natural product, (2s,4s)-alpha-campholinic acid: mutant structure suggests an atypical mode of transition state binding for a crotonase homolog.	the crotonase homolog, 6-oxo camphor hydrolase (och), catalyzes the desymmetrization of bicyclic beta-diketones to optically active keto acids via an enzymatic retro-claisen reaction, resulting in the cleavage of a carbon-carbon bond. we have previously reported the structure of och (whittingham, j. l., turkenburg, j. p., verma, c. s., walsh, m. a., and grogan, g. (2003) j. biol. chem. 278, 1744-1750), which suggested the involvement of five residues, his-45, his-122, his-145, asp-154, and glu-2 ...	2004	15138275
heterologous gene expression in thermus thermophilus: beta-galactosidase, dibenzothiophene monooxygenase, pnb carboxy esterase, 2-aminobiphenyl-2,3-diol dioxygenase, and chloramphenicol acetyl transferase.	enzymes from thermophiles are preferred for industrial applications because they generally show improved tolerance to temperature, pressure, solvents, and ph as compared with enzymes from mesophiles. however, nearly all thermostable enzymes used in industrial applications or available commercially are produced as recombinant enzymes in mesophiles, typically escherichia coli. the development of high-temperature bioprocesses, particularly those involving cofactor-requiring enzymes and/or multi-ste ...	2004	15138843
rothia aeria sp. nov., rhodococcus baikonurensis sp. nov. and arthrobacter russicus sp. nov., isolated from air in the russian space laboratory mir.	four gram-positive bacteria, strains a1-17b(t), a1-22(t), a1-3(t) and a1-8, isolated from the air in the russian space laboratory mir, were subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. phylogenetic analysis of the bacteria based on their 16s rdna sequence showed that they belong to the genera rothia (a1-17b(t)), rhodococcus (a1-22(t)) and arthrobacter (a1-3(t) and a1-8). morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic and genomic characteristics supported the assignments of these strains to these gen ...	2004	15143031
biotransformation of geraniol by rhodococcus sp. strain gr3.	microbial degradation of geraniol, a natural monoterpene alcohol, was studied using a rhodococcus sp. strain gr3 isolated from soil. the bioconversion product was identified as geranic acid [(2 e )-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoic acid] and its structure was established by (1)h-nmr, fourier-transform ir spectrometry and gc-ms. the optimum temperature for this bioconversion was found to be 30 degrees c, and the reaction proceeds to a saturation with a time constant of 12.5 h. no appreciable degradati ...	2004	15154841
searching for nitrile hydratase using the consensus-degenerate hybrid oligonucleotide primers strategy.	consensus-degenerate oligonucleotide hybrid primers (codehop) were designed by using the www-implemented strategy, based on multiple alignments of nitrile hydratase (nhase) alpha subunit, available from embl database. these primers were successfully tested with known nhase-producing bacterial strains such as agrobacterium tumefaciens dsm 9674, rhodococcus erythropolis dsm 9675, r. erythropolis 9685 and r. erythropolis 11397 and also allowed amplification from organisms not previously referenced ...	2004	15162394
isolation and characterisation of mycobacterium avium and rhodococcus equi from granulomatous lesions of swine lymph nodes in slovenia.	granulomatous lesions in bovine and especially swine lymph nodes are still frequently observed during routine veterinary meat inspections even though mycobacterium bovis infections are no longer detected in domestic animals in slovenia. different lymph nodes of pigs (n = 260) were investigated using classical bacteriological and molecular methods. mycobacterium avium alone was isolated in 47.3% of pigs and in mixed infection with rhodococcus equi in 3.9% of pigs. r. equi alone was isolated in 27 ...	2004	15168745
microbial desaturation of bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) ether into a dichloro vinyl ether.		2004	15174174
hematologic and immunophenotypic factors associated with development of rhodococcus equi pneumonia of foals at equine breeding farms with endemic infection.	rhodococcus equi causes severe pyogranulomatous pneumonia in foals and in immunocompromised people. in mice, both cd4+ and cd8+ t lymphocytes contribute to host defense against r. equi, but cd4+ t lymphocytes are required for pulmonary clearance of the bacteria. in this prospective study of 208 foals at two equine breeding farms with endemic r. equi infections, we collected peripheral blood samples at 2 and 4 weeks of age and at the time of diagnosis of r. equi pneumonia. samples were analyzed f ...	2004	15182994
rhodococcus opacus expresses the xsc gene to utilize taurine as a carbon source or as a nitrogen source but not as a sulfur source.	the gram-positive bacteria rhodococcus opacus iso-5 and rhodococcus sp. rha1 utilized taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonate) as the sole source of carbon or of nitrogen or of sulfur for growth. different gene clusters and enzymes were active under these different metabolic situations. under carbon- or nitrogen-limited conditions three enzymes were induced, though to different levels: taurine-pyruvate aminotransferase (tpa), alanine dehydrogenase (ald) and sulfoacetaldehyde acetyltransferase (xsc). the ...	2004	15184572
cavitary pneumonia secondary to tsukamurella in an aids patient. first case and a review of the literature.	tsukamurella is a gram-positive, variable rod-shaped, weakly acid-alcohol-fast, non motile, aerobic bacterium that belongs to the genus rhodococcus. tsukamurella has been reported as a cause of infections in humans with immunosuppression and indwelling foreign bodies. it has also been isolated in one patient with aids (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) as a saprophytic organism. optimal management of infections secondary to this micro-organism is still uncertain due to the paucity of cases. th ...	2004	15194243
harnessing the catabolic diversity of rhodococci for environmental and biotechnological applications.	the field of rhodococcus cell engineering is rapidly advancing because of the availability of improved genetic tools and increased insights in their broad catabolic and biochemical diversity. rhodococci harbor large linear plasmids that may contribute to their catabolic diversity. in addition, multiple pathways and gene homologs are often present, thus further increasing rhodococcus catabolic versatility and efficiency. the recent development of effective genetic tools for rhodococcus, such as u ...	2004	15196492
a survey of indigenous microbial hydrocarbon degradation genes in soils from antarctica and brazil.	total community dna from 29 noncontaminated soils and soils impacted by petroleum hydrocarbons and chloro-organics from antarctica and brazil were screened for the presence of nine catabolic genes, encoding alkane monooxygenase or aromatic dioxygenases, from known bacterial biodegradation pathways. specific primers and probes targeting alkane monooxygenase genes were derived from pseudomonas putida atcc 29347 (pp alkb), rhodococcus sp. strain q15 (rh alkb1, rh alkb2), and acinetobacter sp. adp-1 ...	2004	15213740
biphenyl-inducible promoters in a polychlorinated biphenyl-degrading bacterium, rhodococcus sp. rha1.	five transcriptional promoters of biphenyl-degradation genes in rhodococcus sp. rha1 were characterized. we newly identified the etba4 promoter region, which was located adjacent upstream from a ferredoxin reductase gene, etba4 and a dihydrodiol dehydrogenase gene, bphb2. the etba4 promoter activity was determined in rha1 using a promoter probe vector with a luxab luciferase reporter gene, and was induced by a variety of aromatic compounds as well as the bpha1, ebda1, etba1, and etbd1 promoters. ...	2004	15215588
facile synthesis of arabinomannose penta- and decasaccharide fragments of the lipoarabinomannan of the equine pathogen, rhodococcus equi.	pentasaccharide repeating unit 20 of the lipoarabinomannan from the equine pathogen, rhodococcus equi, and its dimer 31, were synthesized. the pentasaccharide was obtained by assembling a benzoylated 2,6-branched mannosyl trisaccharide acceptor 13 with a free hydroxyl group at c-2' of the mannose residue attached to the core mannose residue by (1 --> 6)-linkage, followed by coupling with 2,3,5-tri-o-benzoyl-alpha-d-arabinofuranosyl-(1 --> 2)-3,4,6-tri-o-benzoyl-alpha-d-mannopyranosyl trichloroac ...	2004	15220086
identification and functional analysis of the genes encoding dibenzothiophene-desulfurizing enzymes from thermophilic bacteria.	thermophilic bacteria bacillus subtilis wu-s2b and mycobacterium phlei wu-f1 desulfurize dibenzothiophene (dbt) and alkylated dbts through specific cleavage of the carbon-sulfur bonds over a temperature range up to 52 degrees c. in order to identify and functionally analyze the dbt-desulfurization genes, the gene cluster containing bdsa, bdsb, and bdsc was cloned from b. subtilis wu-s2b. the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of bdsabc show homologies to those of the other known dbt-desulfuriza ...	2004	15221222
colonization, biofilm formation and biodegradation of polyethylene by a strain of rhodococcus ruber.	a two-step enrichment procedure led to the isolation of a strain of rhodococcus ruber (c208) that utilized polyethylene films as sole carbon source. in liquid culture, c208 formed a biofilm on the polyethylene surface and degraded up to 8% (gravimetrically) of the polyolefin within 30 days of incubation. the bacterial adhesion to hydrocarbon assay and the salt aggregation test both showed that the cell-surface hydrophobicity of c208 was higher than that of three other isolates which were obtaine ...	2004	15221232
rhodococcus equi.	rhodococcus equi is an important cause of subacute or chronic abscessating bronchopneumonia of foals up to 3-5 months of age. it shares the lipid-rich cell wall envelope characteristic of the mycolata, including mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as the ability of pathogenic members of this group to survive within macrophages. the possession of a large virulence plasmid in isolates recovered from pneumonic foals is crucial for virulence. the plasmid contains an 27 kb pathogenicity island (pi) t ...	2004	15236672
geomicrobiology of high-level nuclear waste-contaminated vadose sediments at the hanford site, washington state.	sediments from a high-level nuclear waste plume were collected as part of investigations to evaluate the potential fate and migration of contaminants in the subsurface. the plume originated from a leak that occurred in 1962 from a waste tank consisting of high concentrations of alkali, nitrate, aluminate, cr(vi), (137)cs, and (99)tc. investigations were initiated to determine the distribution of viable microorganisms in the vadose sediment samples, probe the phylogeny of cultivated and uncultiva ...	2004	15240306
detection of genes involved in biodegradation and biotransformation in microbial communities by using 50-mer oligonucleotide microarrays.	to effectively monitor biodegrading populations, a comprehensive 50-mer-based oligonucleotide microarray was developed based on most of the 2,402 known genes and pathways involved in biodegradation and metal resistance. this array contained 1,662 unique and group-specific probes with <85% similarity to their nontarget sequences. based on artificial probes, our results showed that under hybridization conditions of 50 degrees c and 50% formamide, the 50-mer microarray hybridization can differentia ...	2004	15240314
degradation of alkyl ethers, aralkyl ethers, and dibenzyl ether by rhodococcus sp. strain dee5151, isolated from diethyl ether-containing enrichment cultures.	twenty strains isolated from sewage sludge were found to degrade various ethers, including alkyl ethers, aralkyl ethers, and dibenzyl ether. in rhodococcus strain dee5151, induction of ether degradation needed substrates exhibiting at least one unsubstituted calpha-methylene moiety as the main structural prerequisite. the cleavage reaction observed with anisole, phenetole, and dibenzyl ether indicates that the initial oxidation occurs at such respective calpha positions. diethyl ether-induced st ...	2004	15240329
isolation of rhodococcus equi from the feces of indigenous animals and soil from the lower zambezi national park and lochinvar national park, zambia.	rhodococcus equi is an important pathogen in foals; however, its incidence in african indigenous animals is poorly understood. fecal samples (92 from nine indigenous species) and 43 soil samples were collected from two zambian national parks. the presence of r. equi was investigated and 533 isolates were tested for the presence of 15- to 17-kda antigens (vapa) and a 20-kda antigen (vapb) by immunoblotting and pcr. r. equi was isolated (10(2)-10(4) colony forming units/g) from 75% of fecal and 74 ...	2004	15240956
biocatalytic asymmetric rearrangement of a methylene-interrupted bis-epoxide: simultaneous control of four asymmetric centers through a biomimetic reaction cascade.	asymmetric enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of methylene-interrupted bis-epoxides 1 a and 1 b catalyzed by bacterial epoxide hydrolases furnished tetrahydrofuran derivatives 2 a and 2 b through a hydrolysis-rearrangement cascade. whereas racemic bis-oxiranes 1 b-d underwent kinetic resolution with moderate stereoselectivities to yield products with up to 92 % ee and 66 % de: meso-bis-oxirane cis,cis-1 a was transformed into (6r,7r,9s,10s)-2 a in 94 % ee and 89 % de at high conversion (85 %) by rhodoc ...	2004	15252793
construction and application of a bovine immune-endocrine cdna microarray.	a variety of commercial dna arrays specific for humans and rodents are widely available; however, microarrays containing well-characterized genes to study pathway-specific gene expression are not as accessible for domestic animals, such as cattle, sheep and pigs. therefore, a small-scale application-targeted bovine immune-endocrine cdna array was developed to evaluate genetic pathways involved in the immune-endocrine axis of cattle during periods of altered homeostasis provoked by physiological ...	2004	15261689
a novel p-nitrophenol degradation gene cluster from a gram-positive bacterium, rhodococcus opacus sao101.	p-nitrophenol (4-np) is recognized as an environmental contaminant; it is used primarily for manufacturing medicines and pesticides. to date, several 4-np-degrading bacteria have been isolated; however, the genetic information remains very limited. in this study, a novel 4-np degradation gene cluster from a gram-positive bacterium, rhodococcus opacus sao101, was identified and characterized. the deduced amino acid sequences of npcb, npca, and npcc showed identity with phenol 2-hydroxylase compon ...	2004	15262926
innate immune responses to rhodococcus equi.	we examined innate immune responses to the intracellular bacterium rhodococcus equi and show that infection of macrophages with intact bacteria induced the rapid translocation of nf-kappa b and the production of a variety of proinflammatory mediators, including tnf, il-12, and no. macrophages from mice deficient in myd88 failed to translocate nf-kappa b and produced virtually no cytokines in response to r. equi infection, implicating a tlr pathway. tlr4 was not involved in this response, because ...	2004	15265925
isolation and characterization of the rhodococcus opacus thiostrepton-inducible genes tipal and tipas: application for recombinant protein expression in rhodococcus.	we cloned the rhodococcus opacus (strain dsm 44193) tipa gene, which encodes two translation products, tipal and tipas. the gene products are homologous to the streptomyces spp. tipal and tipas proteins, respectively. the tipa promoter is highly active and tipas protein is predominantly accumulated in r. opacus cells when the inducer of transcription, thiostrepton, was presented in culture medium. we found that thiostrepton is also induced the expression of an endogenous tipa-family protein in r ...	2004	15268935
thermal equilibrium of two conformations in photosensitive nitrile hydratase probed by the ftir band of nitric oxide bound to the non-heme iron center.	nitrile hydratase (nhase) from rhodococcus n-771 is a novel enzyme that is inactive in the dark due to an enodogenous nitric oxide (no) molecule bound to the non-heme iron center, and is activated by its photodissociation. ftir spectra in the no stretching region of the dark-inactive nhase were recorded in the temperature range of 270-80 k. two no peaks were observed at 1854 and 1846 cm-1 at 270 k, and both frequencies upshifted as the temperature was lowered, retaining the peak separation of 8- ...	2004	15269247
[degradation of 2,4-dinitrophenol by free and immobilized cells of rhodococcus erythropolis hl pm-1].	degradation of 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-dnp) by the cells of rhodococcus erythropolis hl pm-1 was studied. the enzymes involved in 2,4-dnp degradation were inducible, and their resynthesis took place during the process. cell immobilization by embedding into agar gels decreased the degrader activity. maximum rates of 2,4-dnp degradation by free and immobilized cells were 10.0 and 5.4 nmol/min per mg cells, respectively. the concentration dependence of 2,4-dnp degradation was typical of substrate in ...	2004	15283333
[low-temperature microbial degradation of crude oil products differing in the extent of condensation].	out of the 30 strains capable of oil degradation at 4-6 degrees c, four were selected by the ability to degrade 40% of the oil substrate present in the growth medium: rhodococcus spp. ds-07 and ds-21 and pseudomonas spp. ds-09 and ds-22. we studied the activity of these strains as degraders of oil products of various condensation degrees (crude oil, masut, petroleum oils, benzene resins and ethanol-benzene resins) at 4-6 degrees c. the maximum degrees of degradation of masut and ethanol-benzene ...	2004	15283334
[intensification of microbial degradation of crude oil and oil products in the presence of perfluorodecalin].	the possibility of using perfluorinated organic compounds for growing microorganisms and degrading xenobiotics has been demonstrated for the first time with perfluorodecalin (pfd), a gas-transporting component of the blood substitute perftoran. in particular, this is promising for intensifying microbial degradation of oil and oil products and production of biodegrader biomass in synthetic mineral media. addition of pfd to a mineral medium with crude oil and masut increased 4.5-10.2 times maximum ...	2004	15283335
gene site saturation mutagenesis: a comprehensive mutagenesis approach.		2004	15289056
granulomatous interstitial nephritis of the allograft kidney associated with rhodococcal pulmonary infection.		2004	14736981