Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| development and laboratory evaluation of a lateral flow device (lfd) for the serodiagnosis of theileria annulata infection. | several dna-based and serological tests have been established for the detection of theileria annulata infection, including polymerase chain reaction, reverse line blot and loop-mediated isothermal amplification, indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and competitive elisa. in this study, we have applied knowledge from the development and application of a recombinant protein-based indirect elisa and competitive elisa to establish a rapid test for point-of-care diagnosis of t. annulat ... | 2010 | 20680339 |
| molecular survey and genetic characterization of tick-borne pathogens in dogs in metropolitan recife (north-eastern brazil). | to identify dna of the main tick-borne pathogens in dogs from recife (brazil), polymerase chain reactions were carried out on blood samples of dogs treated at the veterinary hospital of the universidade federal rural de pernambuco from march 2007 to june 2008. the detection of dna was performed using specific primers. amplicons were analyzed through electrophoresis and sequencing. a phylogenetic tree was constructed using the upgma method, revealing that the sequences were closely related to tho ... | 2010 | 20680344 |
| first case of human granulocytic anaplasmosis from slovakia. | in order to evaluate the potential risks of human granulocytic anaplasmosis in slovakia, blood and serum samples of hunters and foresters from the northern parth of slovakia were tested. we present the first case of hga from slovakia confirmed by nested pcr amplification of the 16s rrna gene fragment of a. phagocytophilum. | 2010 | 20684497 |
| detection and prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum and rickettsia helvetica in ixodes ricinus ticks in seven study areas in sweden. | abstract: | 2010 | 20684755 |
| detecting and differentiating theileria sergenti and theileria sinensis in cattle and yaks by pcr based on major piroplasm surface protein (mpsp). | theileria sergenti and theileria sinensis are closely related members of benign theileria species found in cattle and yaks in china. they are morphologically indistinguishable. a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) targeting major piroplasm surface protein of t. sergenti and t. sinensis was developed in this study. the newly developed oligonucleotide primer set was able to specifically amplify the dna of t. sinensis and in conjunction with primers for t. sergenti and these two species could be detec ... | 2010 | 20685208 |
| seasonal prevalence of serum antibodies to whole cell and recombinant antigens of borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma phagocytophilum in white-tailed deer in connecticut. | whole-blood samples were obtained from 214 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) representing 44 sites in connecticut (usa) during 1992, 1993, 1996, 1999, and 2000 through 2006. sera were analyzed for total antibodies to whole-cell or recombinant antigens of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and anaplasma phagocytophilum, the respective causative agents of lyme borreliosis and human granulocytic anaplasmosis. deer sera contained antibodies to both bacteria during different seasons and thro ... | 2010 | 20688684 |
| experimental infection in lambs with a red deer (cervus elaphus) isolate of anaplasma phagocytophilum. | anaplasma phagocytophilum transmitted by ixodes spp. ticks is the causative agent of tick-borne fever (tbf) in domestic ruminants. tbf is widespread along the coast of southern norway and may cause a severe problem for the sheep industry. red deer (cervus elaphus) are important hosts for ticks and have been found to be infected naturally with a. phagocytophilum. however, it is unclear whether red deer could serve as reservoir hosts for a. phagocytophilum infections in sheep. we infected lambs ex ... | 2010 | 20688686 |
| the dusky-footed woodrat (neotoma fuscipes) is susceptible to infection by anaplasma phagocytophilum originating from woodrats, horses, and dogs. | the dusky-footed woodrat (neotoma fuscipes) is the putative reservoir for anaplasma phagocytophilum in the western united states based on high prevalence of a. phagocytophilum genetic material detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), high antibody prevalence, and infestation with the vector tick ixodes pacificus. following inoculation of nine wild-caught woodrats with woodrat-, canine-, or equine-origin a. phagocytophilum, all became pcr-positive and seroconverted. however, when pcr-positive ... | 2010 | 20688687 |
| effectiveness of rapid diagnostic tests to assess pathogens of fishers (martes pennanti) and gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus). | wildlife managers often need to assess the current health status of wildlife communities before implementation of management actions involving surveillance, reintroductions, or translocations. we estimated the sensitivity and specificity of a commercially available domestic canine rapid diagnostic antigen test for canine parvovirus and a rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies toward anaplasma phagocytophilum on populations of fishers (martes pennanti) and sympatr ... | 2010 | 20688707 |
| pyrosequencing and characterization of immune response genes from the american dog tick, dermacentor variabilis (l.). | ticks continue to be a threat to animal and human health, and new and novel control strategies are needed for ticks and tick-borne pathogens. the characterization of the tick-pathogen interface and the tick immune response to microbial infections is fundamental toward the formulation of new control strategies for ticks and the pathogens they transmit. our overall hypothesis for this research is that the tick immune system manages the maintenance of pathogens. therefore, discovery of tick immune ... | 2010 | 20698900 |
| application of highly sensitive saturation labeling to the analysis of differential protein expression in infected ticks from limited samples. | abstract: | 2010 | 20704695 |
| detection of anaplasma bovis dna in the peripheral blood of domestic dogs in japan. | the prevalence of ehrlichia and anaplasma in 1,427 dogs from 32 japanese prefectures was evaluated by pcr and dna nucleotide sequencing. pcr screening demonstrated that 18 dogs (1.3%) were positive for anaplasmataceae. sequence analysis revealed that 14 of the amplicons were most closely related to wolbachia spp., symbionts of dirofilaria immitis, whereas three were identified as anaplasma bovis. the remaining amplicon could not be sequenced. almost the entire sequence of 16s rrna (1,452 bp) fro ... | 2010 | 20859003 |
| established and emerging pathogens in ixodes ricinus ticks collected from birds on a conservation island in the baltic sea. | tick-borne pathogens such as lyme borreliosis spirochaetes, anaplasma phagocytophilum, rickettsia spp. and babesia spp. cause a great variety of diseases in animals and humans. although their importance with respect to emerging human diseases is increasing, many issues about their ecology are still unclear. in spring 2007, 191 ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) ticks were collected from 99 birds of 11 species on a bird conservation island in the baltic sea in order to test them for borrelia spp., ... | 2010 | 20868431 |
| pathogens and symbionts in ticks: a survey on tick species distribution and presence of tick-transmitted micro-organisms in sardinia, italy. | a total of 1485 adult ticks were collected from mammalian hosts in south-eastern sardinia, italy, during the years 2007-2008. ticks were identified and tested by pcr analysis for presence of rickettsia species of the spotted fever group, ehrlichia canis, anaplasma phagocytophilum, coxiella burnetii, bartonella species and leishmania species. among all tick species examined (rhipicephalus sanguineus, rhipicephalus turanicus, rhipicephalus bursa, rhipicephalus pusillus, hyalomma marginatum margina ... | 2010 | 20884769 |
| comparison of iatrogenic transmission of anaplasma marginale in holstein steers via needle and needle-free injection techniques. | to compare iatrogenic transmission of anaplasma marginale during sham vaccination between needle and needle-free injection techniques. | 2010 | 20919904 |
| evaluation of peptide- and recombinant protein-based assays for detection of anti-ehrlichia ewingii antibodies in experimentally and naturally infected dogs. [corrected] | to evaluate microtiter-plate format elisas constructed by use of different diagnostic targets derived from the ehrlichia ewingii p28 outer membrane protein for detection of e ewingii antibodies in experimentally and naturally infected dogs. | 2010 | 20919906 |
| neutrophilic inclusions in a hunter. | 2010 | 20925504 | |
| microbiology. interacting parasites. | 2010 | 20929765 | |
| species interactions in a parasite community drive infection risk in a wildlife population. | most hosts, including humans, are simultaneously or sequentially infected with several parasites. a key question is whether patterns of coinfection arise because infection by one parasite species affects susceptibility to others or because of inherent differences between hosts. we used time-series data from individual hosts in natural populations to analyze patterns of infection risk for a microparasite community, detecting large positive and negative effects of other infections. patterns remain ... | 2010 | 20929776 |
| serologic evidence of equine granulocytic anaplasmosis in horses from central west brazil. | ehrlichiosis is a zoonotic disease caused by gram-negative and intracellular obligatory bacterial organisms. equine granulocytic anaplasmosis - ega (formerly equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis, ege) is a seasonal disease, normally self-limited in horses. there are few reports in brazil about this ehrlichial agent, as well as its natural vectors. nowadays, veterinarians are considering the suspicion of ega in horses with suggestive symptoms of ehrlichiosis and which do not respond to piroplasmosis ... | 2010 | 20943015 |
| real time polymerase chain reaction to diagnose anaplasma marginale in cattle and deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus leucogaster) of the brazilian pantanal. | epizootiological study of anaplasma marginale in regions that contain various reservoir hosts, co-existence of rickettsia pathogens, and common vectors is a complicated task. to achieve diagnosis of this rickettsia in cattle and campeiro deer of brazilian pantanal, a comparison was made between a real time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) with intercalating sybr green fluorochrome and primers based on msp5 gene of a. marginale; a conventional pcr (c-pcr); and parasitological examination using ... | 2010 | 20943025 |
| survey on blood-sucking lice (phthiraptera: anoplura) of ruminants and pigs with molecular detection of anaplasma and rickettsia spp. | lice may serve as biological or mechanical vectors for various infectious agents. to investigate louse infestation of ruminants and pigs, and pathogens potentially transmitted by them, anopluran lice (n=1182) were collected in hungary, and evaluated for the presence of anaplasma, rickettsia and haemotropic mycoplasma dna. on cattle the following species were found: linognathus vituli (57%), haematopinus eurysternus (38%) and solenopotes capillatus (5%). l. vituli had a lower mean individual coun ... | 2010 | 20943320 |
| anaplasma marginale infection with persistent high-load bacteremia induces a dysfunctional memory cd4+ t lymphocyte response but sustained high igg titers. | control of blood-borne infections is dependent on antigen-specific effector and memory t cells and high-affinity igg responses. in chronic infections characterized by a high antigen load, it has been shown that antigen-specific t and b cells are vulnerable to downregulation and apoptosis. anaplasma marginale is a persistent infection of cattle characterized by acute and chronic high-load bacteremia. we previously showed that cd4(+) t cells primed by immunization with an a. marginale outer membra ... | 2010 | 20943884 |
| loop analysis for pathogens: niche partitioning in the transmission graph for pathogens of the north american tick ixodes scapularis. | in population biology, loop analysis is a method of decomposing a life cycle graph into life history pathways so as to compare the relative contributions of pathways to the population growth rate across species and populations. we apply loop analysis to the transmission graph of five pathogens known to infect the black-legged tick, ixodes scapularis. in this context loops represent repeating chains of transmission that could maintain the pathogen. they hence represent completions of the life cyc ... | 2010 | 20950628 |
| characterization of pathogen-specific expression of host immune response genes in anaplasma and mycobacterium species infected ruminants. | anaplasma and mycobacterium species are among the most prevalent bacterial pathogens in european red deer (cervus elaphus) in south-central spain and are known to modify gene expression in ruminants. in this study, we used microarray hybridization and real-time rt-pcr analyses to characterize global gene expression profiles in red deer in response to anaplasma ovis and a. ovis/mycobacterium bovis/mycobacterium avium sub. paratuberculosis (map) infections, compare the expression of immune respons ... | 2010 | 20952064 |
| [watch out for the diagnosis of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga) in fever of unknown origin]. | 2010 | 20979778 | |
| an update on bovine anaplasmosis (anaplasma marginale) in canada. | 2010 | 21037882 | |
| seroprevalence of anaplasma marginale in 2 iowa feedlots and its association with morbidity, mortality, production parameters, and carcass traits. | a prospective cohort observational study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence of anaplasma marginale in iowa feedlots and its association with morbidity, mortality, and treatment costs. blood samples were taken from 659 calves from 31 consigners at processing and classified as seropositive to a. marginale using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (celisa) with a 30% cutoff. health and production parameters were modeled by a. marginale serostatus with mixed model regression ... | 2010 | 21037886 |
| a review of bovine anaplasmosis. | bovine anaplasmosis, caused by anaplasma marginale, is an infectious but non-contagious disease. it is spread through tick bites or by the mechanical transfer of fresh blood from infected to susceptible cattle from biting flies or by blood-contaminated fomites including needles, ear tagging, dehorning and castration equipment. transplacental transmission of a. marginale may contribute to the epidemiology of bovine anaplasmosis in some regions. bovine anaplasmosis occurs in tropical and subtropic ... | 2010 | 21040509 |
| clinical presentation of 26 anaplasma phagocytophilum-seropositive dogs residing in an endemic area. | anaplasma (a.) phagocytophilum, the etiological agent of canine granulocytic anaplasmosis, is capable of inciting moderate to severe clinical disease in a variety of mammals and is endemic in the upper midwest. the purpose of this study was fourfold: to describe the range of clinical signs in dogs seropositive to a. phagocytophilum; to examine the prevalence of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (imha) in this population; to evaluate whether specific clinical signs were associated with coexposure ... | 2010 | 21041333 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum in ticks in slovenia. | abstract: ticks act as vectors of many pathogens of domestic animals and humans. anaplasma phagocytophilum in europe is transmitted by the ixodid tick vector ixodes ricinus. a. phagocytophilum causes a disease with diverse clinical signs in various hosts. a great genetic diversity of the groesl operon of a. phagocytophilum has been found in ticks elsewhere. in slovenia, the variety of the groesl operon was conducted only on deer samples. in this study, the prevalence of infected ticks was estima ... | 2010 | 21050436 |
| stability and tick transmission phenotype of gfp-transformed anaplasma marginale through a complete in vivo infection cycle. | we tested the stability and tick transmission phenotype of transformed anaplasma marginale through a complete in vivo infection cycle. similar to the wild type, the gfp-transformed a. marginale strain established infection in cattle, a natural reservoir host, and persisted in immune competent animals. the tick infection rates for the transformed a. marginale and the wild type were the same. however, there were significantly lower levels of the transformed a. marginale than of the wild type in th ... | 2010 | 21057014 |
| coexistence of emerging bacterial pathogens in ixodes ricinus ticks in serbia. | the list of tick-borne pathogens is long, varied and includes viruses, bacteria, protozoa and nematodes. as all of these agents can exist in ticks, their co-infections have been previously reported. we studied co-infections of emerging bacterial pathogens (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, anaplasma phagocytophilum and francisella tularensis) in ixodes ricinus ticks in serbia. using pcr technique, we detected species-specific sequences, rrf-rrl rdna intergenic spacer for b. burgdorferi s.l., p44/ ... | 2010 | 21073144 |
| haemoparasite prevalence and theileria parva strain diversity in cape buffalo (syncerus caffer) in uganda. | cape buffalo (syncerus caffer) are considered to be an important reservoir for various tick-borne haemoparasites of veterinary importance. in this study we have compared the haemoparasite carrier prevalence in buffalo from four geographically isolated national parks in uganda [lake mburo national park (lmnp), queen elizabeth national park (qenp), murchison falls national park (mfnp) and kidepo valley national park (kvnp)]. differences were seen in haemoparasite prevalence in buffalo from the fou ... | 2010 | 21074945 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in a domestic cat in finland: case report. | anaplasmosis is a vectorborne disease caused by the gram-negative bacterium anaplasma phagocytophilum. this species displays positive tropism to granulocytes and can cause illness in several mammalian species, including cats, dogs, and humans. it is considered as an emerging disease in europe. the clinical signs are nonspecific and include fever, lethargy, and inappetence. the most typical hematologic abnormality is thrombocytopenia. a tentative diagnosis can be made by detecting intracytoplasmi ... | 2010 | 21078141 |
| the occurrence of spotted fever rickettsioses and other tick-borne infections in forest workers in poland. | abstract the presence of antibodies to rickettsia conorii, r. helvetica, r. felis, r. slovaca, r. sibirica, and r. massiliae in sera of 129 forest workers from northeastern and southern poland was assayed by indirect immunofluorescence. previous environmental studies revealed presence of spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae in ticks collected from these areas. additionally, the workers were examinated for the presence of antibodies specific to other tick-borne bacteria: anaplasma phagocytophilu ... | 2010 | 21083370 |
| [diseases and pathogenic agents transmitted by ticks in switzerland]. | among the 20 tick species described in switzerland, ixodes ricinus, the most frequent one, is implicated in the transmission of pathogenic agents. lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) are the major tick-borne diseases transmitted to human. presently 5 borrelia species, belonging to the group borrelia burgdorferi, are recognized as human pathogens. the risks of infection depend on the stage of the vector, the multiple hosts, the pathogenic agent, as well as human behavior in nature. ... | 2010 | 21089555 |
| fatal bovine anaplasmosis in a herd with new genotypes of anaplasma marginale, anaplasma ovis and concurrent haemoplasmosis. | haematological and molecular analysis of blood samples was carried out during an outbreak of bovine anaplasmosis in hungary. acute disease was observed in five animals, two of which died. anaplasma-carrier state was diagnosed in 69 (92%) of cattle. further evaluation of 24 blood samples revealed concurrent infections with mycoplasma wenyonii and 'candidatusm. haemobos' in 22 and 21 animals, respectively. in addition, two cows were identified with rickettsaemia. regarding molecular investigation ... | 2010 | 21094505 |
| epidemiological analysis of tick-borne diseases in zambia. | tick-borne diseases are a constraint to livestock production in many developing countries as they cause high morbidity and mortality, which results in decreased production of meat, milk and other livestock by-products. the most important tick-borne diseases of livestock in sub-saharan africa are east coast fever (caused by theileria parva), babesiosis (caused by babesia bigemina and b. bovis), anaplasmosis (caused by anaplasma marginale) and heartwater (caused by ehrlichia ruminantium). despite ... | 2010 | 21106294 |
| evolution of clinical, haematological and biochemical findings in young dogs naturally infected by vector-borne pathogens. | longitudinal studies evaluating the evolution of clinical, haematological, biochemical findings in young dogs exposed for the first time to multiple vector-borne pathogens have not been reported. with the objective of assessing the evolution of clinical, haematological and biochemical findings, these parameters were serially monitored in naturally infected dogs throughout a 1-year follow-up period. young dogs, infected by vector-borne pathogens based on cytology or polymerase chain reaction, wer ... | 2010 | 21106311 |
| anaplasmosis in dogs: the relation of haematological, biochemical and clinical alterations to antibody titre and pcr confirmed infection. | laboratory and clinical parameters of 149 dogs, exposed to anaplasma phagocytophilum (a. phagocytophilum), and 19 control dogs were evaluated and compared retrospectively. the aim of our study was to determine statistically significant differences of selected parameters between groups of patients, divided according to the immunofluorescence (ifa) titres, in attempt to improve current diagnostic and treatment criteria. exposure to a. phagocytophilum was confirmed by ifa and infection by pcr. base ... | 2010 | 21112165 |
| performance of a commercially available in-clinic elisa for the detection of antibodies against anaplasma phagocytophilum, ehrlichia canis, and borrelia burgdorferi and dirofilaria immitis antigen in dogs. | to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a commercially available in-clinic elisa for detection of heartworm infection and tick-borne diseases in dogs. | 2010 | 21117995 |
| analysis of membrane protein genes in a brazilian isolate of anaplasma marginale. | the sequencing of the complete genome of anaplasma marginale has enabled the identification of several genes that encode membrane proteins, thereby increasing the chances of identifying candidate immunogens. little is known regarding the genetic variability of genes that encode membrane proteins in a. marginale isolates. the aim of the present study was to determine the degree of conservation of the predicted amino acid sequences of omp1, omp4, omp5, omp7, omp8, omp10, omp14, omp15, sodb, opag1, ... | 2010 | 21120351 |
| first detection of spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks in serbia. | ticks can transmit multiple pathogenic bacteria responsible for diseases in animals and humans such as borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, anaplasma phagocytophilum, and spotted fever group rickettsia sp. the current study aimed to investigate the presence of rickettsiae in ticks collected from seven localities in serbia. one hundred thirty-one (131) questing ticks belonging to 5 tick species (dermacentor marginatus, dermacentor reticulatus, haemaphysalis punctata, haemaphysalis concinna, and ixode ... | 2010 | 21142961 |
| tick-borne blood parasites in nyala (tragelaphus angasii, gray 1849) from kwazulu-natal, south africa. | a total of 97 blood samples of nyala (tragelaphus angasii, gray 1849) from south africa were tested for the presence of tick-borne haemoparasites by means of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and reverse line blot (rlb) hybridization. the majority of blood samples contained several different haemoparasites, often in combination. prevalent haemoparasites were theileria sp. (kudu), t. buffeli, theileria sp. (sable), t. bicornis, ehrlichia sp. omatjenne, anaplasma marginale and a. bovis. this serves ... | 2010 | 21145660 |
| molecular detection of anaplasma phagocytophilum in cattle and ixodes persulcatus ticks. | the tick-borne pathogen, anaplasma phagocytophilum (a. phagocytophilum), the causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga), is increasingly becoming a public health concern as an aetiological agent for emerging infectious disease. we found a. phagocytophilum infection in a pooled sample of field-collected ixodes persulcatus (i. persulcatus) ticks from one district in hokkaido, japan. thus, to further investigate the prevalence in field-collected ticks, we used pcr assays targeting the ... | 2010 | 21146335 |
| questing ticks in suburban forest are infected by at least six tick-borne pathogens. | abstract the role of ixodes ricinus ticks in the transmission of pathogens of public health importance such as borrelia burgdorferi s.l. is widely recognized and is suspected in several emerging vector-borne pathogens in europe. here, we assess prevalence rates of several endemic and emerging zoonotic pathogens in tick populations in an area of high human population density in france, to contribute to a risk assessment for potential transmission to humans. pathogen prevalence rates were evaluate ... | 2010 | 21158500 |
| [sero-epidemiologic investigation on tick-borne diseases of humans and domestic animals in zhejiang province.] | objective: to investigate the seroprevalence of tick-borne diseases in humans and domestic animals from rural areas of zhejiang province. methods: anji county, jindong district and tiantai county were selected for samples collection according to their geographic locations and historical prevalence of tick-borne diseases. blood samples of humans and domestic animals were collected in the three sites. an indirect immuno-fluorescent antibody test was used to determine the presence of igg antibodies ... | 2010 | 21162818 |
| [a review on pathogenesis of human granulocytic anaplasma.] | 2010 | 21176701 | |
| distinct host species correlate with anaplasma phagocytophilum anka gene clusters. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is a gram-negative, tick-transmitted, obligate intracellular bacterium that elicits acute febrile diseases in humans and domestic animals. in contrast to the united states, human granulocytic anaplasmosis seems to be a rare disease in europe despite the initial recognition of a. phagocytophilum as the causative agent of tick-borne fever in european sheep and cattle. considerable strain variation has been suggested to occur within this species, because isolates from huma ... | 2010 | 21177886 |
| co-infection with borrelia species and other tick-borne pathogens in humans: two cases from poland. | co-infection with borrelia species and anaplasma phagocytophilum or babesia spp. was assessed in a retrospective study of tick-exposed individuals from southeastern poland. the co-infection rate of these pathogens was found to be rather low (borrelia spp./anaplasma phagocytophilum--4.2%, 1/24; borrelia spp./babesia spp.--4.2%, 1/24). however, due to the increased prevalence of borrelia spp. in ixodes ricinus ticks in poland and the recent emergence of new tick-borne infections, it is necessary t ... | 2010 | 21186774 |
| identification of anaplasma marginale outer membrane protein antigens conserved between a. marginale sensu stricto strains and the live a. marginale subsp. centrale vaccine. | live vaccination with anaplasma marginale subsp. centrale (synonym for anaplasma centrale) induces protection against severe disease upon challenge with a. marginale sensu stricto strains. despite over a century of field use, the targets of protective immunity remained unknown. using a broad proteomic approach, we identified the proteins in a challenge sensu stricto strain that were bound by the relevant antibody isotype induced by live vaccination with anaplasma marginale subsp. centrale. a cor ... | 2010 | 21189322 |
| [pcr detection of the causative agents of infections transmitted by ticks on the kamchatka peninsula]. | there has been recently a rise in referrals for ixodes tick bites in the spring and summer periods in the kamchatka territory. among the dominant tick species, there has been the taiga tick ixodes persulcatus habiting the extensive areas of the southern and central parts of the peninsula. examination of 84 i. persulcatus females collected from human beings and domestic animals in 2003 to 2007 detected dna of the pathogens of tick-borne borreliosis (b. burgdorferi sensu lato), rickettsiasis (r. t ... | 2010 | 21400710 |
| treatment and control of chlamydial and rickettsial infections in sheep and goats. | small ruminants are susceptible to several chlamydial and rickettsial infections. some of them, such as ehrlichia ruminantium, have a great impact on the sheep and goat industry while others, such as coxiella burnetii, are important zoonotic agents. this review focuses on measures of treatment and control for the following organisms: chlamydophila abortus (formerly chlamydia psittaci immunotype 1), coxiella burnetii, anaplasma ovis, anaplasma phagocytophilum, and ehrlichia ruminantium. | 2010 | 21215905 |
| epidemiology of bovine anaplasmosis in dairy herds from costa rica. | bovine anaplasmosis is endemic and occurs in almost all areas of livestock production of costa rica. the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of anaplasmosis in dairy farms of costa rica by the recombinant truncated msp-5 (rmsp-5) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). serum samples were obtained from 733 cattle from 20 commercial dairy herds of costa rica. the overall seroprevalence was 37.2% and herd seroprevalence ranged from 20.0 to 72.0%. the age-specif ... | 2010 | 21236580 |
| variability within the msp2 gene in populations of anaplasma phagocythopilum. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate intracellular bacterial parasite of verterbrate granulocytes. this bacterium is the aetiologic agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis. the msp2 gene encoding major surface protein 2 is unique for anaplasma and displays high antigenic variation. a fragment of the msp2 gene (334 bp) of a. phagocytophilum, amplified with dna isolated from ixodes ricinus, syringophilidae, capreolus capreolus and canis lupus familiaris, was used to determine polymorphisms of ... | 2010 | 21324269 |
| genetic diversity of anaplasma and ehrlichia in the asian part of russia. | totally, 2590 questing adult ixodes persulcatus ticks and 1458 small mammals from ural, siberia, and the far east as well as 53 haemaphysalis concinna, 136 haem. japonica, and 43 dermacentor silvarum ticks--exclusively adults--from the far east were examined for the presence of ehrlichia and anaplasma by nested pcr based on the 16s rrna gene. both anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia muris were found in i. persulcatus and small mammals from all the studied regions. myodes spp., microtus spp., ... | 2010 | 21771512 |
| the potential role of migratory birds in transmission cycles of babesia spp., anaplasma phagocytophilum, and rickettsia spp. | babesia spp., anaplasma phagocytophilum, and rickettsia spp. are potentially emerging tick-borne pathogens, whereas many issues about their ecology, e.g. reservoir host specificity, are still unclear. in spring 2007, we collected 191 feeding ixodes ricinus ticks from 99 birds of 11 different species on a german bird conservation island in the baltic sea. babesia spp. were detected in 4.7% (9/191), a. phagocytophilum was present in 2.6% (5/191), and rickettsia spp. were identified in 7.3% (14/191 ... | 2010 | 21771516 |
| detection of rickettsia spp. and anaplasma phagocytophilum in ixodes ricinus ticks in a region of middle germany (thuringia). | rickettsia spp. and anaplasma spp. are regarded as potentially emerging tick-borne pathogens, but so far data on prevalence rates in questing ticks and reports on human diseases in several parts of europe are rarely available. in this study, 430 nymphs and 570 adult ixodes (i.) ricinus ticks were collected from a frequently visited forest region of thuringia (zeitzgrund, near stadtroda) in 2006 (n=506) and 2007 (n=494). individual ticks were investigated for a part of the citrate synthase gene ( ... | 2010 | 21771511 |
| prevalence of bartonella species, rickettsia felis, haemoplasmas and the ehrlichia group in the blood of cats and fleas in eastern australia. | to define the prevalence of bartonella spp., rickettsia felis, mycoplasma haemofelis, 'candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum' (mhm) and 'candidatus mycoplasma turicensis' (mtc) in cats and their fleas in eastern australia. | 2010 | 20529020 |
| phylogenetics and population genetics of the louse fly, lipoptena mazamae, from arkansas, usa. | louse flies, also known as deer keds (lipoptena mazamae rondani), infest cervids such as white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus and vector pathogens such as anaplasma and bartonella schoenbuchensis to cattle and humans, respectively. the population genetic structure of 30 l. mazamae collected from white-tailed deer in four regions of arkansas, u.s.a., designated by county boundaries, was examined using dna sequences of a 259-bp region of the mitochondrial dna rrna 16s gene. of the 259 nucleot ... | 2010 | 20534010 |
| prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in ticks in sicily. | the prevalence of anaplasma, ehrlichia, rickettsia and babesia/theileria species was analysed in questing and feeding adult ticks in sicily. a total of 678 ticks were collected and analysed in this study. of these, 29 were questing ticks and 649 were collected from infested cattle, sheep, goats or dogs. tick species analysed included rhipicephalus bursa, r. turanicus, r. sanguineus, hyalomma lusitanicum, h. marginatum, dermacentor marginatus, ixodes ricinus, r. (boophilus) annulatus and haemaphy ... | 2010 | 20537102 |
| ehrlichia ewingii infection and exposure rates in dogs from the southcentral united states. | we used pcr and a novel serologic assay to determine infection and exposure rates to ehrlichia ewingii in dogs from an area of northeast oklahoma and northwest arkansas where amblyomma americanum ticks are abundant. of 143 dogs assayed, 13 (9.1%) harbored e. ewingii by pcr and 64 (44.8%) had antibodies to e. ewingii detected using a peptide-based microtiter plate elisa. dogs were more likely (p=0.001) to be positive by pcr if sampled in august (30.8%) but no association was found between seropos ... | 2010 | 20541322 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum in livestock and small rodents. | to identify the prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum in both wild rodents and domestic animals and to make clear the genetic characteristics of the agents from different animals in china, a total of 105 livestock and 159 small rodents were analyzed by real-time-pcr and sequence analysis. the prevalence rate was 6.7% (7/105) and 14.5% (23/159), respectively. the nucleotide sequences of 16s rrna (rrs) from the positive livestock and rodents were identical to each other. the phylogenetic analysi ... | 2010 | 20558015 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum aph_1387 is expressed throughout bacterial intracellular development and localizes to the pathogen-occupied vacuolar membrane. | obligate vacuolar pathogens produce proteins that localize to the host cell-derived membranes of the vacuoles in which they reside, yielding unique organelles that are optimally suited for pathogen survival. anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate vacuolar bacterium that infects neutrophils and causes the emerging and potentially fatal disease human granulocytic anaplasmosis. here we identified aph_1387 as the first a. phagocytophilum-derived protein that associates with the a. phagocytophilum- ... | 2010 | 20212090 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the genus anaplasma in southwestern china based on 16s rrna sequence. | to identify the species within the genus anaplasma circulating among ruminants in the southwest of china, we performed the phylogenetic analysis of the 16s rrna gene of two anaplasma isolates from cattle and seven from goats. the two sequences obtained from cattle strains belonged to the a. marginale cluster, whereas the other seven sequences from caprine strains formed two anaplasma spp. clusters, which diverged earlier than the clusters of a. marginale, a. centrale and a. ovis. these results i ... | 2010 | 20219219 |
| diagnostic accuracy of methods for detecting anaplasma marginale infection in lactating dairy cattle of puerto rico. | bovine anaplasmosis (ba) is a hemoparasitic disease of great importance in cattle within the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. control programs for ba require accurate diagnostic assays but validation can be challenging because the true disease status of all animals is frequently not known with certainty. the objective of this study was to estimate the accuracy of assays for detection of anaplasma marginale infection in lactating dairy cattle of puerto rico using bayesian methods wi ... | 2010 | 20224076 |
| prevalence and seasonality of tick-borne pathogens in questing ixodes ricinus ticks from luxembourg. | in europe, ixodid ticks are important arthropod vectors of human and animal pathogens, but comprehensive studies of the prevalence of all relevant pathogens in central europe are scarce. as a result of ecological changes, the incidences of tick-borne infections are expected to increase. in this study, 1,394 nymphal and adult ixodes ricinus ticks sampled monthly during the active season from 33 ecologically distinct collection sites throughout luxembourg were screened for all human tick-borne pat ... | 2010 | 20228110 |
| the immunization-induced antibody response to the anaplasma marginale major surface protein 2 and its association with protective immunity. | many vector-borne pathogens evade clearance via rapid variation in their immunogenic surface expressed proteins. this is exemplified by anaplasma marginale, a tick-borne bacterial pathogen that generates major surface protein 2 (msp2) variants to provide for immune escape and allow long-term pathogen persistence. in contrast to persistence following infection, immunization with a surface protein complex, which includes msp2, induces a response that prevents infection upon challenge. we hypothesi ... | 2010 | 20199762 |
| potential for tick-borne bartonelloses. | as worldwide vectors of human infectious diseases, ticks are considered to be second only to mosquitoes. each tick species has preferred environmental conditions and biotopes that determine its geographic distribution, the pathogens it vectors, and the areas that pose risk for tick-borne diseases. researchers have identified an increasing number of bacterial pathogens that are transmitted by ticks, including anaplasma, borrelia, ehrlichia, and rickettsia spp. recent reports involving humans and ... | 2010 | 20202411 |
| the increasing recognition of rickettsial pathogens in dogs and people. | dogs and people are exposed to and susceptible to infection by many of the same tick-borne bacterial pathogens in the order rickettsiales, including anaplasma phagocytophilum, ehrlichia canis, e. chaffeensis, e. ewingii, rickettsia rickettsii, r. conorii, and other spotted fever group rickettsiae. recent findings include descriptions of novel ehrlichia and rickettsia species, recognition of the occurrence and clinical significance of co-infection, and increasing awareness of rhipicephalus sangui ... | 2010 | 20207197 |
| an indirect elisa for detection of theileria sergenti antibodies in water buffalo using a recombinant major piroplasm surface protein. | in this study we investigated the prevalence and enzootic potential of theileria spp. in water buffalo in the hubei province in china. an indirect elisa based on a recombinant major piroplasma surface protein was developed. the complete orf of the 33-kda major piroplasma surface protein (p33) was obtained from theileria sergenti genomic dna by pcr, cloned into the pet-28(a) vector and expressed in e. coli as a his-fusion protein. then the recombinant p33 (rp33) was purified and used as the antig ... | 2010 | 20207484 |
| seroprevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and anaplasma phagocytophilum in danish horses. | borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and anaplasma phagocytophilum are able to infect horses. however, the extend to which danish horses are infected and seroconvert due to these two bacteria is unknown. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of b. burgdorferi sensu lato and a. phagocytophilum in danish horses. | 2010 | 20082693 |
| detection of anaplasma phagocytophilum in amblyomma flavomaculatum ticks (acari: ixodidae) collected from lizard varanus exanthematicus imported to poland. | adults and nymphs of amblyomma exornatum, a. flavomaculatum, a. latum, amblyomma spp. and hyalomma aegyptium, were collected from savannah monitors, royal python (africa, ghana) and marginated tortoises (europe, greece) imported to poland, in 2004-2007. altogether 345 ticks were examined by polymerase chain reaction for rickettsial agents. none of the tested ticks was positive for the glta gene of rickettsia spp. dna of 16s rrna gene from anaplasma phagocytophilum was amplified and sequenced fro ... | 2010 | 20084536 |
| surveys for disease agents in introduced elk in arkansas and kentucky. | surveys for disease agents were conducted in introduced free-ranging elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) in arkansas and kentucky. elk had been captured in colorado and nebraska and released in arkansas during 1981-1985. from 1997 through 2002 elk were captured in arizona, kansas, north dakota, new mexico, oregon, and utah and released in southeastern kentucky. specimens were collected from 170 hunter-killed elk in arkansas during 1998-2006, and 44 elk in kentucky during 2001-2004. significant findings ... | 2010 | 20090032 |
| coinfection of western gray squirrel (sciurus griseus) and other sciurid rodents with borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and anaplasma phagocytophilum in california. | overlapping geographic distributions of tick-borne disease agents utilizing the same tick vectors are common, and coinfection of humans, domestic animals, wildlife, and ticks with both borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma phagocytophilum has been frequently reported. this study was undertaken in order to evaluate the prevalence of both b. burgdorferi sensu stricto (hereinafter referred to as b. burgdorferi) and a. phagocytophilum in several species of sciurid rodents from northern california, usa. ... | 2010 | 20090047 |
| evaluation of brain tissue or cerebrospinal fluid with broadly reactive polymerase chain reaction for ehrlichia, anaplasma, spotted fever group rickettsia, bartonella, and borrelia species in canine neurological diseases (109 cases). | vector-transmitted microorganisms in the genera ehrlichia, anaplasma, rickettsia, bartonella, and borrelia are commonly suspected in dogs with meningoencephalomyelitis (mem), but the prevalence of these pathogens in brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of dogs with mem is unknown. | 2010 | 20102497 |
| merozoite proteins from babesia sp. bq1 (lintan) as potential antigens for serodiagnosis by elisa. | babesia sp. bq1 (lintan) is a babesia isolated from sheep infested with haemaphysalis qinghaiensis in china, and is closely related to b. motasi based on the 18s rrna gene sequence. in the present study, an elisa was developed with merozoite antigens of babesia sp. bq1 (lintan) (bqma) purified from in vitro culture. when the positive threshold was chosen as 30% of the antibodies rate, evaluated with 198 negative sera, the specificity was 95.5%. except for babesia sp. tianzhu, there was no cross- ... | 2010 | 20109252 |
| molecular detection of babesia spp. and other haemoparasitic infections of cattle in maputo province, mozambique. | molecular detection of babesia species in apparently healthy cattle within an endemic region was carried out in order to determine the prevalence of carriers and the geographical distribution of babesia bigemina and babesia bovis in maputo province, mozambique. samples from 477 animals at 5 localities were analysed using 2 techniques, the semi-nested hot-start pcr and the reverse line blot (rlb) assay. with the semi-nested hot-start pcr, detection of b. bigemina ranged between 30% and 89%, and o ... | 2010 | 20128941 |
| canine and feline vector-borne diseases in italy: current situation and perspectives. | in italy, dogs and cats are at risk of becoming infected by different vector-borne pathogens, including protozoa, bacteria, and helminths. ticks, fleas, phlebotomine sand flies, and mosquitoes are recognized vectors of pathogens affecting cats and dogs, some of which (e.g., anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi, dipylidium caninum, leishmania infantum, dirofilaria immitis, and dirofilaria repens) are of zoonotic concern. recent studies have highlighted the potential of fleas as vectors ... | 2010 | 20145730 |
| subolesin expression in response to pathogen infection in ticks. | ticks (acari: ixodidae) are vectors of pathogens worldwide that cause diseases in humans and animals. ticks and pathogens have co-evolved molecular mechanisms that contribute to their mutual development and survival. subolesin was discovered as a tick protective antigen and was subsequently shown to be similar in structure and function to akirins, an evolutionarily conserved group of proteins in insects and vertebrates that controls nf-kb-dependent and independent expression of innate immune res ... | 2010 | 20170494 |
| in-vitro studies on the susceptibility of ovine strains of anaplasma phagocytophilum to antimicrobial agents and to immune serum. | five strains of anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of tick-borne fever of sheep and cattle and human granulocytic anaplasmosis, were tested in vitro for their susceptibility to nine antibiotics using the continuous tick cell line ise6. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) were evaluated by comparing the percentage of infection of giemsa-stained antibiotic-treated anaplasma phagocytophilum-infected cells with that of untreated controls after 6 days of culture. the minimum bacteric ... | 2010 | 20170925 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum ats-1 is imported into host cell mitochondria and interferes with apoptosis induction. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, infects human neutrophils and inhibits mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. bacterial factors involved in this process are unknown. in the present study, we screened a genomic dna library of a. phagocytophilum for effectors of the type iv secretion system by a bacterial two-hybrid system, using a. phagocytophilum vird4 as bait. a hypothetical protein was identified as a putative effector, hereby named anaplasmatranslo ... | 2010 | 20174550 |
| microchip electrophoretic separation for the fast diagnosis of anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in cattle. | we report a diagnostic method for anaplasma phagocytophilum (a. phagocytophilum) infection in cattle using a nested pcr and microchip electrophoresis (me). a. phagocytophilum causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis and granulocytic ehrlichiosis, which are emerging tick-borne zoonotic diseases. nested pcr was used to amplify genomic dna samples extracted from cattle blood. the amplified pcr products were analyzed under a sieving gel matrix of 0.7% poly(ethyleneoxide) (m(r)=8,000,000) in a conventi ... | 2010 | 20175090 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia chaffeensis type iv secretion and ank proteins. | the obligatory intracellular bacterial pathogens anaplasma and ehrlichia infect leukocytes by hijacking host-cell components and processes. the type iv secretion system is up-regulated during infection. among type iv secretion candidate substrates, an ankyrin repeat protein of anaplasma phagocytophilum, anka, is delivered into the host cytoplasm via a complex that includes vird4. anka is highly tyrosine phosphorylated and binds to the abl interactor 1, shp-1, and nuclear dna fragments. ehrlichia ... | 2010 | 20053580 |
| anaplasma marginale type iv secretion system proteins virb2, virb7, virb11, and vird4 are immunogenic components of a protective bacterial membrane vaccine. | anaplasma and related ehrlichia spp. are important tick-borne, gram-negative bacterial pathogens of livestock and humans that cause acute infection and disease and can persist. immunization of cattle with an anaplasma marginale fraction enriched in outer membranes (om) can provide complete protection against disease and persistent infection. serological responses of om vaccinees to the om proteome previously identified over 20 antigenic proteins, including three type iv secretion system (t4ss) p ... | 2010 | 20065028 |
| differential expression of genes in salivary glands of male rhipicephalus (boophilus)microplus in response to infection with anaplasma marginale. | bovine anaplasmosis, caused by the rickettsial tick-borne pathogen anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae), is vectored by rhipicephalus (boophilus)microplus in many tropical and subtropical regions of the world. a. marginale undergoes a complex developmental cycle in ticks which results in infection of salivary glands from where the pathogen is transmitted to cattle. in previous studies, we reported modification of gene expression in dermacentor variabilis and cultured ixodes scapu ... | 2010 | 20298599 |
| first described case of human granulocytic anaplasmosis in a patient in eastern austria. | a 64-year-old otherwise healthy patient presented with high fever, thrombocytopenia, elevated liver enzymes and an erythema on the belly. the patient remembered a tick bite four weeks ago when walking with his dog before the specific symptoms started. a meningococcal disease or hematological illness was excluded. the serological results for tick-borne diseases showed a high igg antibody titer for anaplasma phagocytophila. all symptoms and laboratory parameters normalized after one week of hospit ... | 2010 | 20300926 |
| association of pathogen strain-specific gene transcription and transmission efficiency phenotype of anaplasma marginale. | efficient transmission of pathogens by an arthropod vector is influenced by the ability of the pathogen to replicate and develop infectiousness within the arthropod host. while the basic life cycle of development within and transmission from the arthropod vector are known for many bacterial and protozoan pathogens, the determinants of transmission efficiency are largely unknown and represent a significant gap in our knowledge. the st. maries strain of anaplasma marginale is a high-transmission-e ... | 2010 | 20308303 |
| fucosylation enhances colonization of ticks by anaplasma phagocytophilum. | fucosylated structures participate in a wide range of pathological processes in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. the impact of fucose on microbial pathogenesis, however, has been less appreciated in arthropods of medical relevance. thus, we used the tick-borne bacterium anaplasma phagocytophilum- the agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis to understand these processes. here we show that a. phagocytophilum uses alpha1,3-fucose to colonize ticks. we demonstrate that a. phagocytophilum modulates the e ... | 2010 | 20331643 |
| the anaplasma phagocytophilum-occupied vacuole selectively recruits rab-gtpases that are predominantly associated with recycling endosomes. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate intracellular bacterium that infects neutrophils to reside within a host cell-derived vacuole. the a. phagocytophilum-occupied vacuole (apv) fails to mature along the endocytic pathway and is non-fusogenic with lysosomes. rab gtpases regulate membrane traffic. to better understand how the bacterium modulates the apv's selective fusogencity, we examined the intracellular localization of 20 green fluorescent protein (gfp) or red fluorescent protein (rfp)-ta ... | 2010 | 20345488 |
| the efficacy of three chlortetracycline regimens in the treatment of persistent anaplasma marginale infection. | chemosterilization is reported in cattle fed chlortetracycline hydrochloride (ctc) at dosages ranging from 1.1mg/kg for 120 days to 11 mg/kg for 30-60 days. the relationship between plasma ctc drug concentration and carrier clearance has not been described. chronic carrier status was established in 21 steers with a virginia isolate of anaplasma marginale and confirmed by celisa and an a. marginale-specific rt-pcr. four negative, splenectomized steers served as active disease transmission sentine ... | 2010 | 20346598 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia chaffeensis: subversive manipulators of host cells. | anaplasma spp. and ehrlichia spp. cause several emerging human infectious diseases. anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia chaffeensis are transmitted between mammals by blood-sucking ticks and replicate inside mammalian white blood cells and tick salivary-gland and midgut cells. adaptation to a life in eukaryotic cells and transmission between hosts has been assisted by the deletion of many genes that are present in the genomes of free-living bacteria (including genes required for the biosynth ... | 2010 | 20372158 |
| canine babesiosis in northern portugal and molecular characterization of vector-borne co-infections. | abstract: | 2010 | 20377861 |
| comparison of selected canine vector-borne diseases between urban animal shelter and rural hunting dogs in korea. | abstract: a serological survey for dirofilaria immitis, anaplasma phagocytophilum, ehrlichia canis, and borrelia burgdorferi infections in rural hunting and urban shelter dogs mainly from southwestern regions of the republic of korea (south korea) was conducted. from a total of 229 wild boar or pheasant hunting dogs, the number of serologically positive dogs for any of the four pathogens was 93 (40.6%). the highest prevalence observed was d. immitis (22.3%), followed by a. phagocytophilum (18.8% ... | 2010 | 20377869 |
| experimental infection and co-infection of dogs with anaplasma platys and ehrlichia canis: hematologic, serologic and molecular findings. | abstract: | 2010 | 20377870 |
| imported and travelling dogs as carriers of canine vector-borne pathogens in germany. | abstract: | 2010 | 20377872 |
| neutrophils exposed to a. phagocytophilum under shear stress fail to fully activate, polarize, and transmigrate across inflamed endothelium. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate intracellular bacterium that has evolved mechanisms to hijack polymorphonuclear neutrophil (pmn) receptors and signaling pathways to bind, infect, and multiply within the host cell. e-selectin is upregulated during inflammation and is a requisite endothelial receptor that supports pmn capture, rolling, and activation of integrin-mediated arrest. ligands expressed by pmn that mediate binding to endothelium via e-selectin include sialyl lewis x (sle(x))-exp ... | 2010 | 20392928 |
| variant -and individual dependent nature of persistent anaplasma phagocytophilum infection. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is the causative agent of tick-borne fever in ruminants and human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis (hga). the bacterium is able to survive for several months in immune-competent sheep by modifying important cellular and humoral defence mechanisms. little is known about how different strains of a. phagocytophilum propagate in their natural hosts during persistent infection. | 2010 | 20398321 |
| characterization of anaplasma phagocytophilum and a. ovis infection in a naturally infected sheep flock with poor health condition. | anaplasma species are transmitted by ticks and cause diseases in humans and animals. these pathogens infect sheep, an economically important domestic animal worldwide. the current study was designed to characterize in 200 animals the infection with anaplasma phagocytophilum and anaplasma ovis and the genetic diversity of a. ovis strains collected from a naturally infected sheep flock with poor health condition. sheep had 98% seroprevalence to anaplasma spp. antibodies. pcr results confirmed the ... | 2010 | 20405320 |