Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| two pharmacodynamic models for assessing the efficacy of amoxicillin-clavulanate against experimental respiratory tract infections caused by strains of streptococcus pneumoniae. | two models of respiratory tract infection were used to investigate the pharmacodynamics of amoxicillin-clavulanate against streptococcus pneumoniae. eight strains of s. pneumoniae were used in a mouse model in which the animals were infected intranasally and were then treated with a range of doses and dose intervals. the time that the plasma amoxicillin concentration remained above the mic (t>mic) correlated well with bacterial killing, such that if t>mic was below 20% there was no effect on bac ... | 1999 | 9869561 |
| efficacy of high-dose amoxicillin-clavulanate against experimental respiratory tract infections caused by strains of streptococcus pneumoniae. | the purpose of the present investigation was to determine if the efficacy of amoxicillin-clavulanate against penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae could be improved by increasing the pediatric amoxicillin unit dose (90 versus 45 mg/kg of body weight/day) while maintaining the clavulanate unit dose at 6.4 mg/kg/day. a rat pneumonia model was used. in that model approximately 6 log10 cfu of one of four strains of s. pneumoniae (amoxicillin mics, 2 microg/ml [one strain], 4 microg/ml [two s ... | 1999 | 9869562 |
| characterization of dihydrofolate reductase genes from trimethoprim-susceptible and trimethoprim-resistant strains of enterococcus faecalis. | enterococci are usually susceptible in vitro to trimethoprim; however, high-level resistance (hlr) (mics, >1,024 microg/ml) has been reported. we studied enterococcus faecalis del, for which the trimethoprim mic was >1,024 microg/ml. no transfer of resistance was achieved by broth or filter matings. two different genes that conferred trimethoprim resistance when they were cloned in escherichia coli (mics, 128 and >1,024 microg/ml) were studied. one gene that coded for a polypeptide of 165 amino ... | 1999 | 9869579 |
| increase in quinolone resistance in a haemophilus influenzae strain isolated from a patient with recurrent respiratory infections treated with ofloxacin. | the increase in the level of quinolone resistance of haemophilus influenzae clinical isolates during ofloxacin therapy of a patient with recurrent respiratory infections was investigated. the first isolate (mic of ciprofloxacin of 2 microg/ml) and the second isolate (mic of 32 microg/ml) belonged to the same clone, as shown by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and the increase in the resistance level was associated with a substitution in ser-84 to arg in the parc protein. these results emphasize ... | 1999 | 9869583 |
| adhesin expression in matched nasopharyngeal and middle ear isolates of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae from children with acute otitis media. | the hmw1 and hmw2 proteins, hia, and hemagglutinating pili are important adherence factors in nontypeable haemophilus influenzae. to gain insight into the relative importance of these adhesins in nasopharyngeal colonization and localized respiratory tract disease, we assessed their expression in matched nasopharyngeal and middle ear isolates of nontypeable h. influenzae from 17 children with acute otitis media. in all patients, including 11 with bilateral disease, the matched isolates were isoge ... | 1999 | 9864255 |
| grepafloxacin: an overview of antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy and safety. | the treatment of respiratory tract infection is the most common reason for antibiotic prescribing. however, therapeutic options are diminishing as antibiotic resistance to penicillins and macrolides in key respiratory pathogens is increasing. as resistance increases, there are parallel rises in the number of treatment failures and the total cost of infection management. new generation broad-spectrum fluoroquinolones, such as grepafloxacin, have recently been recommended as a first-line treatment ... | 1999 | 15992094 |
| [a clinical study of bacterial infection in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. | to investigate the association of bacteriologic characteristics and bacterial infection in small airway disease. | 1999 | 11820948 |
| antimicrobial activities of cefditoren against respiratory pathogens isolated from children in japan. | there is an increasing spread and incidence of penicillin-resistant bacteria that are becoming less susceptible to commonly prescribed oral antimicrobials, including extended-spectrum cephalosporins. against this background, we undertook this study to determine the prevalence of penicillin resistance in streptococcus pneumoniae and the in-vitro activity of oral antimitrobials. between april 1996 and december 1997, in 245 children with respiratory tract infections (bronchitis in 61, pharyngitis i ... | 1999 | 11810485 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity and penetration rate into sputum of gatifloxacin, a novel 6-fluoro-8-methoxy quinolone, and its therapeutic efficacy in respiratory infections. | the in vitro antimicrobial activity of gatifloxacin against clinical isolates of pathogenic bacteria was evaluated. minimum inhibitory concentrations of gatifloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, tosufloxacin, sparfloxacin, and rifampicin against 20 strains each of methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, serratia marcescens, and pseudomonas aeruginosa, 18 strains of enterobacter cloacae, 15 strains each of ... | 1999 | 11810507 |
| comparative in vitro activity of carbapenem antibiotics against respiratory pathogens isolated in recent years. | we investigated the antibacterial activity of 12 antibiotics, including 4 carbapenems, against 200 strains of respiratory pathogens isolated in 1997, and compared the results with those obtained in 1993. the strains examined were 38 strains of methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mssa), 32 strains of methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa), 22 strains of penicillin-susceptible streptococcus pneumoniae (pssp), 10 strains of penicillin-resistant s. pneumoniae (prsp), 53 strains of pseudom ... | 1999 | 11810511 |
| diffusion of macrolide antibiotics through the outer membrane of moraxella catarrhalis. | we reported previously that the high susceptibility of moraxella catarrhalis to macrolide antibiotics and other hydrophobic antimicrobial agents was related to the hydrophobicity of the cell surface. electrophoretic analysis of lipopolysaccharide (lps) extracted from m. catarrhalis revealed a deep rough-type profile similar to that of an lps re type mutant of salmonella typhimurium, which also exhibits high susceptibility to macrolides. moreover, treatment of 32p-labeled cells of m. catarrhalis ... | 1999 | 11810516 |
| causative bacteria of respiratory tract infections in kuwait by quantitative culture of sputum. | to determine the bacterial etiology of lower respiratory tract infections in kuwait, we performed quantitative culture of sputum and measured the susceptibilities of the isolated bacteria against different antibiotics. a total of 140 sputum samples were collected for a period of 14 months for the study. single and multiple pathogens as a cause of infection were isolated from 55 and 15 samples, respectively. a total of 53.8% of streptococcus pneumoniae were penicillin-resistant and 52% and 57% of ... | 1999 | 11810521 |
| role of nasopharyngeal bacterial flora in the evaluation of recurrent middle ear infections in children. | objective: to study the nasopharyngeal colonization in otitis-prone children before and after adenoidectomy. methods: the study population consisted of 35 children between 11 months and 4 years of age, undergoing adenoidectomy and tube placement for recurrent acute otitis media. all these children were otitis prone (op). during general anesthesia, bacteriologic samples were obtained from the nasopharynx and the middle ear fluid, if present. during the follow-up visit, a new nasopharyngeal cultur ... | 1999 | 11851704 |
| the in vitro activity of moxifloxacin against haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis explored using a pharmacodynamic model. | objective: to assess the antibacterial action of moxifloxacin on haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis using an in vitro pharmacodynamic model of infection. methods: serum concentrations in humans associated with doses of 400 mg once a day for 48 h were simulated and the antibacterial effect measured by the log change in viable count at intervals through the simulation compared to time zero and also the area under the bacterial kill curve (aubkc). wild-type strains of h. influenzae an ... | 1999 | 11856249 |
| in vitro activity of quinupristin/dalfopristin against selected bacterial pathogens isolated in italy. | objective: to evaluate the activity of quinupristin/dalfopristin, a new injectable streptogramin, against 732 clinical strains recently isolated in italy. methods: susceptibility tests were performed according to nccls-guided mic methodology. pathogens included in the evaluation included 108 staphylococcus aureus isolates, 124 coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates, 158 streptococcus pyogenes isolates, 30 streptococcus agalactiae isolates, 30 b-hemolytic streptococcal isolates, 18 streptococ ... | 1999 | 11856292 |
| bacteremic moraxella catarrhalis pneumonia in a patient with immunoglobulin deficiency. | a-75-year old woman with agammaglobulinemia developed moraxella catarrhalis bacteremic pneumonia. m. catarrhalis pneumonia is rarely associated with bacteremia, and neutrophils have been reported as a significant factor in the host defense system against this bacteria. this case suggests that immunoglobulin also plays a key role in the host defense system against m. catarrhalis. | 2000 | 11810533 |
| bacteremic moraxella catarrhalis pneumonia. | 2000 | 11810536 | |
| moraxella catarrhalis meningitis: a case report. | 2000 | 11775241 | |
| mastoiditis: a disease often overlooked by pediatricians. | although mastoiditis can be a life threatening disease, clinicians often overlook it because it is uncommon. we reviewed the presentation and management of all children younger than 15 years of age with the discharge diagnosis of mastoiditis in our hospital from january 1994 through december 1999. nineteen patients that fulfilled the case definition were included. the most common clinical presentation in this series was fever. more specific findings, such as otorrhea, postauricular pain, swellin ... | 2000 | 11269368 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of propolis dry extract. | in this study the antibacterial and antifungal properties of propolis, a natural product of bees, have been investigated against different pathogens. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (mbcs) were determined according to nccls standards on 320 strains including staphylococcus aureus, group a beta-hemolytic streptococci, streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, ... | 2000 | 11128558 |
| moraxella catarrhalis pneumonia during hiv disease. | to assess the role of moraxella catarrhalis complications in the setting of hiv disease, and to evaluate their occurrence and outcome according to several epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory parameters, the clinical records of 2123 consecutive hiv-infected patients hospitalized in a 9-year period were retrospectively reviewed, and 4 cases of community-acquired m. catarrhalis pneumonia were identified. three adult patients had a diagnosis of aids and severe concurrent immunodeficiency (with ... | 2000 | 11128560 |
| resistance in respiratory tract pathogens: an international study 1997-1998. | multiple antibiotic resistance threatens current treatment for community-acquired pneumonia (cap). this paper presents a summary of resistance data for streptococcus pneumoniae (6,223 isolates), haemophilus influenzae (4,016) and moraxella catarrhalis (1,263) collected from 153 centers throughout japan, china, uk, germany, spain, france, italy, brazil and usa. antiobiotics tested were: beta-lactams (penicillin, ampicillin, co-amoxiclav, cefuroxime, and ceftriaxone), macrolides (azithromycin and ... | 2000 | 11131955 |
| polyp and fibrous adhesion formation in acute otitis media caused by non-typeable or type b haemophilus influenzae or moraxella catarrhalis. | among a variety of other histopathologic changes, polyps and fibrous adhesions are readily formed in the middle ear mucosa during experimental acute otitis media (aom) caused by streptococcus pneumoniae. quantitative studies on experimental aom caused by other bacteria have shown that some of these histopathologic changes, such as adaptive bone modeling and increase in goblet cell density, differ according to the type of bacteria. this investigation surveys polyp and fibrous adhesion formation i ... | 2000 | 11132712 |
| adaptive bone modeling and remodeling in acute otitis media caused by non-typeable or type b haemophilus influenzae or moraxella catarrhalis. | experimental studies have shown that acute otitis media caused by streptococcus pneumoniae alters modeling dynamics in bone tissue structures surrounding the middle ear cavity. initial resorption of bone is followed by formative activity, seen as massive osteoneogenesis. however, neither resorptive nor formative activity occurs in the otic capsule, supporting the existence of a perilymphatic zone of specialized bone. this study investigates adaptive bone modeling in acute otitis media caused by ... | 2000 | 11132713 |
| macrolide and fluoroquinolone (levofloxacin) resistances among streptococcus pneumoniae strains: significant trends from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (north america, 1997-1999). | 2000 | 11185065 | |
| [nasopharyngeal bacterial flora and secretory otitis in adults]. | the aa. have realized a prospective study of the links between the bacterial flora of the nasopharynx and the secretory otitis media in grown-up people. for achieving this purpose nasopharyngeal smears of rhinopharyngeal samples belonging to 85 otitic patients and other 85 healthy adults were cultivated. statistical analysis showed that the otitis cases presented with 63.6% of microorganisms potentially pathogenic, being the 17.6% the percentage among healthy individuals (p < 0.001). microorgani ... | 2000 | 11200552 |
| antibiotic-sensitivity of moraxella catarrhalis isolated from clinical materials in 1997-1998. | moraxella catarrhalis (m. catarrhalis) may normally be found in the upper respiratory tract. this bacterium, however, may cause infections such as acute otitis media, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, bronchitis chronica, pneumonia, endocarditis, septicaemia and meningitis. haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and m. catarrhalis were the main causative agents responsible for respiratory tract infections. the major resistance problems associated with these species are those which cause resis ... | 2000 | 11208326 |
| [pneumonia and influenza]. | pneumonia is more frequent in the elderly and results in higher mortality. primary viral pneumonia is not so common but important in severe cases. chest x-ray shows grand-glass appearance or linear shadow in pure viral pneumonia cases. that is sometimes specific and clearly different from consolidation or infiltration with bacterial pneumonia. we can try to decrease pneumonia and influenza mortality, if we prevent influenza infections by vaccination and treat by anti-influenza drugs. secondary b ... | 2000 | 11225313 |
| nasopharyngeal carriage and antibacterial susceptibility of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis in estonian children. | 2000 | 11284928 | |
| bacteriologic efficacies of oral azithromycin and oral cefaclor in treatment of acute otitis media in infants and young children. | a prospective, open-label, randomized study was conducted in order to determine the bacteriologic efficacies of cefaclor and azithromycin in acute otitis media (aom). tympanocentesis was performed on entry into the study and 3 to 4 days after initiation of treatment. bacteriologic failure after 3 to 4 days of treatment with both drugs occurred in a high proportion of culture-positive patients, especially in those in whom aom was caused by haemophilus influenzae (16 of 33 [53%] of those treated w ... | 2000 | 10602721 |
| a p5 peptide that is homologous to peptide 10 of oprf from pseudomonas aeruginosa enhances clearance of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae from acutely infected rat lung in the absence of detectable peptide-specific antibody. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is an opportunistic pathogen associated with otitis media and the exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. this study reports the vaccine potential of three peptides representing conserved regions of the nthi p5 outer membrane protein which have been fused to a promiscuous measles virus f protein t-cell eptitope (mvf). the peptides correspond to a region in surface loop one (mvf/l1a), the central region of loop four (mvf/l4), and a c-terminal region homologou ... | 2000 | 10603411 |
| antigenic and sequence diversity in gonococcal transferrin-binding protein a. | neisseria gonorrhoeae is a gram-negative pathogen that is capable of satisfying its iron requirement with human iron-binding proteins such as transferrin and lactoferrin. transferrin-iron utilization involves specific binding of human transferrin at the cell surface to what is believed to be a complex of two iron-regulated, transferrin-binding proteins, tbpa and tbpb. the genes encoding these proteins have been cloned and sequenced from a number of pathogenic, gram-negative bacteria. in the curr ... | 2000 | 10899879 |
| in vitro study of the post-antibiotic effect and the bactericidal activity of cefditoren and ten other oral antimicrobial agents against upper and lower respiratory tract pathogens. | the in vitro post-antibiotic effect (pae) and batericidal activity of cefditoren was compared to that of cefixime, cefuroxime, loracarbef, cefaclor, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, clarithromycin, azithromycin, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin against atcc culture strains and clinical respiratory isolates. a pae > 1 h was observed for cefditoren and generally for the macrolides against streptococcus pneumoniae, beta-lactamase-negative moraxella catarrhalis, and streptococcus pyogenes, where ... | 2000 | 10904192 |
| benchmarking the in vitro activity of moxifloxacin against recent isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, and haemophilus influenzae. a european multi-centre study. | to benchmark the activity of moxifloxacin, a european study comprising 900 streptococcus pneumoniae, 1051 haemophilus influenzae, and 226 moraxella catarrhalis referred from 30 institutions during 1998 is described. for s. pneumoniae, moxifloxacin and trovafloxacin mic(90) and modal mics values were 0.12 microg/ml and independent of susceptibility to other drug classes, geography, or site of infection. mic(90)/modal mics were, respectively, 0.25/0.12 microg/ml for grepafloxacin, 0.25/0.25 microg ... | 2000 | 10904194 |
| the role of bacterial infections in asthma. | in summary, bacterial organisms are clinically relevant contributors to asthma exacerbations, and have received much less attention than viruses in this process. streptococcus pneumoniae, hemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis have been linked to asthma exacerbations, particularly when sinusitis is present. treatment therefore should be directed toward these organisms if a bacterial cause is suspected. the atypical bacteria--specifically, c. pneumoniae and m. pneumoniae--deserve specia ... | 2000 | 10907590 |
| middle ear secretory capacity after acute otitis media caused by streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, non-typeable or type b haemophilus influenzae. a comparative analysis based on goblet cell density. | to investigate whether the type of bacteria is correlated with an increase in goblet cell density during and after acute otitis media, we inoculated the middle ear of 25 rats with either streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, non-typeable or type b haemophilus influenzae. mucosal goblet cell density was determined by a whole-mount method on days 4, 8, 16, 60 and 180 post-inoculation. the goblet cell density was increased on all days of sacrifice, employing either bacteria, except m. ca ... | 2000 | 10908976 |
| rapid automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing of streptococcus pneumoniae by use of the biomerieux vitek 2. | the vitek 2 is a new automated instrument for rapid organism identification and susceptibility testing. it has the capability of performing rapid susceptibility testing of streptococcus pneumoniae with specially configured cards that contain enriched growth medium and antimicrobial agents relevant for this organism. the present study compared the results of testing of a group of 53 challenge strains of pneumococci with known resistance properties and a collection of clinical isolates examined in ... | 2000 | 10921932 |
| detection of complement-mediated antibody-dependent bactericidal activity in a fluorescence-based serum bactericidal assay for group b neisseria meningitidis. | serum bactericidal assays (sbas) for group b meningococci are considered the methods of choice for the evaluation of functional antimeningococcal antibodies. many investigators regard sbas as time- and labor-intensive. variations in sba protocols among different laboratories make interpretation of results difficult. here we describe a fluorescence-based serum bactericidal assay (fsba) and compare the results obtained with the fsba to the results obtained with a more conventional sba. the results ... | 2000 | 10921943 |
| [susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with lower respiratory infectious diseases to antibiotics (1998)]. | the bacteria isolated from the patients with lower respiratory tract infections were collected by institutions located throughout japan, since 1981. ikemoto et al. have been investigating susceptibilities of these isolates to various antibacterial agents and antibiotics, and analyzed some characteristics of the patients and isolates from them each year. results obtained from these investigations are discussed. in these 18 institutions around the entire japan, 532 strains of presumably etiologica ... | 2000 | 10923284 |
| in vitro activity of quinupristin/dalfopristin against gram-positive bacteria haemophilus influenzae and branhamella catarrhalis in taiwan. | over the past decade, resistance of gram-positive cocci to common antibiotics has steadily increased. new antibacterial agents that are active against multidrug-resistant pathogens are urgently needed for the treatment of these pathogens. we conducted an in vitro study on the activity of quinupristin/dalfopristin and other antibiotics against common clinical isolates of the gram-positive cocci, haemophilus influenzae and branhamella catarrhalis. | 2000 | 10925532 |
| antimicrobial resistance of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilius influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis isolated in hawaii. | 2000 | 10926447 | |
| mm1, a temperate bacteriophage of the type 23f spanish/usa multiresistant epidemic clone of streptococcus pneumoniae: structural analysis of the site-specific integration system. | we have characterized a temperate phage (mm1) from a clinical isolate of the multiply antibiotic-resistant spanish/american 23f streptococcus pneumoniae clone (spain(23f)-1 strain). the 40-kb double-stranded genome of mm1 has been isolated as a dna-protein complex. the use of mm1 dna as a probe revealed that the phage genome is integrated in the host chromosome. the host and phage attachment sites, attb and attp, respectively, have been determined. nucleotide sequencing of the attachment sites i ... | 2000 | 10933687 |
| the aspiration-irrigation maneuver. | to compare cultures obtained from the aspiration-irrigation maneuver (aim) with other reports and compare diagnostic and therapeutic value after aim versus the proetz maneuver and needle aspiration-irrigation. | 2000 | 10942125 |
| allelic diversity of the two transferrin binding protein b gene isotypes among a collection of neisseria meningitidis strains representative of serogroup b disease: implication for the composition of a recombinant tbpb-based vaccine. | the distribution of the two isotypes of tbpb in a collection of 108 serogroup b meningococcal strains belonging to the four major clonal groups associated with epidemic and hyperendemic disease (the et-37 complex, the et-5 complex, lineage iii, and cluster a4) was determined. isotype i strains (with a 1.8-kb tbpb gene) was less represented than isotype ii strains (19.4 versus 80.6%). isotype i was restricted to the et-37 complex strains, while isotype ii was found in all four clonal complexes. t ... | 2000 | 10948108 |
| enhancement of clearance of bacteria from murine lungs by immunization with detoxified lipooligosaccharide from moraxella catarrhalis conjugated to proteins. | moraxella catarrhalis strain 25238 detoxified lipooligosaccharide (dlos)-protein conjugates induced a significant rise of bactericidal anti-los antibodies in animals. this study reports the effect of active or passive immunization with the conjugates or their antiserum on pulmonary clearance of m. catarrhalis in an aerosol challenge mouse model. mice were injected subcutaneously with dlos-tetanus toxoid (dlos-tt), dlos-high-molecular-weight proteins (dlos-hmp) from nontypeable haemophilus influe ... | 2000 | 10948114 |
| lipooligosaccharide p(k) (galalpha1-4galbeta1-4glc) epitope of moraxella catarrhalis is a factor in resistance to bactericidal activity mediated by normal human serum. | moraxella catarrhalis is a respiratory pathogen responsible for acute bacterial otitis media in children and exacerbation of chronic bronchitis in adults. m. catarrhalis strains are frequently resistant to the bactericidal activity of normal human serum. in order to determine if the lipooligosaccharide (los) of m. catarrhalis has a role in serum resistance, the udp-glucose-4-epimerase (gale) gene was identified, cloned, and sequenced and a deletion/insertion mutation was introduced into m. catar ... | 2000 | 10948153 |
| identification of the conjugative mef gene in clinical acinetobacter junii and neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates. | the mef gene, originally described for gram-positive organisms and coding for an efflux pump, has been identified in clinical isolates of acinetobacter junii and neisseria gonorrhoeae. these strains could transfer the mef gene at frequencies ranging from 10(-6) to 10(-9) into one or more of the following recipients: gram-negative moraxella catarrhalis, neisseria perflava/sicca and neisseria mucosa and gram-positive enterococcus faecalis. three streptococcus pneumoniae strains could transfer the ... | 2000 | 10952602 |
| analysis of ciprofloxacin activity against streptococcus pneumoniae after 10 years of use in the united states. | as the most commonly used fluoroquinolone in the united states since 1987, ciprofloxacin has exerted the greatest selective pressure on s. pneumoniae and provides a valuable marker to evaluate the actual and potential emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance in this species. analysis of susceptibility results obtained with 5,640 strains collected from throughout the united states showed that only 16 (0.3%) of the isolates demonstrated mics of > or =4 microg/ml. the prevalence of this phenotype wa ... | 2000 | 10952606 |
| a comparison of a five-day regimen of cefdinir with a seven-day regimen of loracarbef for the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | to compare the efficacy and safety of five-day cefdinir treatment with seven-day loracarbef treatment in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, 586 patients were enrolled in a multicentre, randomised, double-blind trial. patients received either five days of treatment with cefdinir (n = 291) at 300 mg twice daily or seven days of treatment with loracarbef (n = 295) at 400 mg twice daily. microbiological assessments were done on sputum specimens obtained at admission and at the ... | 2000 | 10954955 |
| [activities of antimicrobial agents against 5,180 clinical isolates obtained from 26 medical institutions during 1998 in japan. levofloxacin--surveillance group]. | the surveillance study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial activity of fluoroquinolones (ofloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, tosufloxacin) and other 20 antimicrobial agents against 5,180 clinical isolates obtained from 26 medical institutions during 1998 in japan. the resistance to fluoroquinolones was remarkable in enterococci, methicillin-resistant staphylococci and pseudomonas aeruginosa from uti. however, many of the common pathogens such as streptococcus pneumoniae including pe ... | 2000 | 10955236 |
| obstructive airway disease caused by moraxella catarrhalis after renal transplantation. | we report a case of severe acute obstructive airway disease 2 months after renal transplantation in a 16-year-old patient with biedl-bardet syndrome who was transplanted for end-stage renal failure secondary to cystic kidney disease. symptoms of severe obstructive airway disease developed 2 months after transplantation under immunosuppression with prednisone, azathioprine, and tacrolimus. the patient did not develop signs of infection; progressive shortness of breath remained the only symptom fo ... | 2000 | 10955911 |
| comparative in vitro activity of older and newer fluoroquinolones against respiratory tract pathogens. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of older (ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin) and newer (moxifloxacin, grepafloxacin, sparfloxacin and levofloxacin) fluoroquinolones. minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) were determined, according to the nccls guidelines, against the following respiratory tract pathogens: penicillin-susceptible and -resistant streptococcus pneumoniae, beta-lactamase-positive and beta-lactamase-negative haemophilus influenzae and beta-lactamase-posit ... | 2000 | 10965095 |
| in vitro comparative dynamics of modified-release clarithromycin and of azithromycin. | antibacterial kinetics of modified-release clarithromycin (cla) and azithromycin (azi) against respiratory tract pathogens were compared in relation to their pharmacokinetic profile. the study was carried out in three strains of streptococcus pneumoniae, group a beta-hemolytic streptococcus pyogenes, moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae, respectively, exposed to concentration gradients of cla and azi simulating human serum pharmacokinetics after administration of 500 mg p.o. in a sin ... | 2000 | 10965100 |
| development of a rapid pcr assay specific for staphylococcus saprophyticus and application to direct detection from urine samples. | staphylococcus saprophyticus is one of the most frequently encountered microorganisms associated with acute urinary tract infections (utis) in young, sexually active female outpatients. conventional identification methods based on biochemical characteristics can efficiently identify s. saprophyticus, but the rapidities of these methods need to be improved. rapid and direct identification of this bacterium from urine samples would be useful to improve time required for the diagnosis of s. saproph ... | 2000 | 10970371 |
| emerging resistance problems among respiratory tract pathogens. | the number-1 indication for antibiotic prescriptions in the united states is a respiratory tract infection. the changing spectrum of pathogens and emerging bacterial resistance are changing the way these infections are managed. the epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia has changed significantly in the past 20 years, with increased diversity of pathogens and mortality. emerging resistance in respiratory tract pathogens, particularly to beta-lactams, is an increasing concern. of the importa ... | 2000 | 10977480 |
| in vitro activity of newer fluoroquinolones for respiratory tract infections and emerging patterns of antimicrobial resistance: data from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program. | in 1997, an international surveillance program, sentry antimicrobial surveillance program, was initiated with the aim of tracking the emergence of antimicrobial resistance worldwide. results from reference antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacterial pathogens (from bloodstream, inpatient and outpatient lower respiratory tract, urinary tract, and skin and soft-tissue infections) were included in an extensive database used to define antimicrobial resistance patterns throughout the world. on ... | 2000 | 10984323 |
| impact of antimicrobial therapy on nasopharyngeal carriage of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and branhamella catarrhalis in children with respiratory tract infections. | we conducted a multicenter prospective study to document changes in nasopharyngeal carriage of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and branhamella catarrhalis during antibiotic therapy. a cohort of 629 children with respiratory tract infections underwent nasopharyngeal sampling before and after antibiotic treatment. susceptibility testing, serotyping, arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis were used to compare pretreatment and posttreatme ... | 2000 | 10987708 |
| benchmarking the in vitro activities of moxifloxacin and comparator agents against recent respiratory isolates from 377 medical centers throughout the united states. | to benchmark the activity of moxifloxacin (a newer fluoroquinolone), a u.s. study comprising 16,141 contemporary isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae (5,640), haemophilus influenzae (6,583), and moraxella catarrhalis (3,648) referred from 377 institutions during 1998 is described. for s. pneumoniae the modal mic and mic at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited (mic(90)) for moxifloxacin were 0.12 and 0.25 microg/ml, respectively, independent of susceptibility to other drug classes, geography, ... | 2000 | 10991838 |
| epidemiological survey of amoxicillin-clavulanate resistance and corresponding molecular mechanisms in escherichia coli isolates in france: new genetic features of bla(tem) genes. | amoxicillin-clavulanate resistance (mic >16 microg/ml) and the corresponding molecular mechanisms were prospectively studied in escherichia coli over a 3-year period (1996 to 1998) in 14 french hospitals. the overall frequency of resistant e. coli isolates remained stable at about 5% over this period. the highest frequency of resistant isolates (10 to 15%) was observed, independently of the year, among e. coli isolated from lower respiratory tract samples, and the isolation rate of resistant str ... | 2000 | 10991849 |
| in vitro selection of resistance to clinafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and trovafloxacin in streptococcus pneumoniae. | ability of daily sequential subcultures in subinhibitory concentrations of clinafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and trovafloxacin to select resistant mutants was studied in 10 pneumococci (ciprofloxacin mics, 1 to 4 microg/ml, and clinafloxacin and trovafloxacin mics, 0.06 to 0.125 microg/ml [n = 9]; ciprofloxacin, clinafloxacin, and trovafloxacin mics, 32, 0.5, and 2 microg/ml, respectively [n = 1]). subculturing was done 50 times, or until mics increased fourfold or more. mutants for which mics were ... | 2000 | 10991854 |
| in vitro activities of the ketolides telithromycin (hmr 3647) and hmr 3004 compared to those of clarithromycin against slowly growing mycobacteria at phs 6.8 and 7.4. | the in vitro activities of hmr 3647 (telithromycin) and hmr 3004, two novel semisynthetic ketolides, were investigated and compared with that of the reference macrolide drug, clarithromycin, against 34 strains of slowly growing mycobacteria at phs 6.8 and 7.4, as determined radiometrically. the mics at ph 7.4 were about 1 to 2 dilutions lower than those observed at ph 6.8. in terms of the highest to the lowest activity, the three antibiotics could be classified as follows: clarithromycin > hmr 3 ... | 2000 | 10991870 |
| association between airway bacterial load and markers of airway inflammation in patients with stable chronic bronchitis. | viable bacteria are often isolated from airway secretions in clinically stable patients with chronic bronchitis. we hypothesized that the number of organisms and bacterial species might be important modulators of airway inflammation. | 2000 | 10996579 |
| the evolving threat of antibiotic resistance in europe: new data from the alexander project. | the alexander project was established in 1992 to examine the antimicrobial susceptibility of community-acquired lower respiratory tract bacterial pathogens to a range of compounds. since then it has expanded both geographically and in the number of antimicrobial agents tested. within europe, the most recent data have confirmed that the prevalence of penicillin resistance among isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae is high in france and spain, with both intermediate (mic 0.12-1 mg/l) and resistant ... | 2000 | 10997593 |
| comparative in vitro potency of gemifloxacin against european respiratory tract pathogens isolated in the alexander project. | european isolates collected in 1998 for the alexander project were tested for their susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and a novel fluoroquinolone, gemifloxacin, which has a spectrum of activity including common and atypical respiratory pathogens. mic90s of gemifloxacin for streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis were 0.03, 0.06 and 0.015 mg/l, respectively. on the basis of mic90s, gemifloxacin was the most potent antimicrobial tested against s. pneumon ... | 2000 | 10997594 |
| synthesis and antibacterial activities of novel c(3)-aminopyrimidinyl substituted cephalosporins including against respiratory tract pathogens. | the variety of cephalosporins 1 and 2 which possessed c(3)-aminopyrimidinyl substituents were prepared and evaluated for their antibacterial activities. they exhibited excellent in vitro activities especially against respiratory tract pathogens such as penicillin resistant streptococcus pneumonia. moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenza. | 2000 | 10999485 |
| identifying vaccine antigens and assessing delivery systems for the prevention of bacterial infections. | bacterial infections in the respiratory tract and middle ear continue to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality despite the availability of antibiotic therapies. to assist development of vaccines for preventing these infections, animal models have been established in rodents. these models have been used effectively to evaluate different vaccination strategies. our studies have found that for respiratory tract infections caused by streptococcus pneumoniae, nontypeable haemophilus influenzae ... | 2000 | 11000464 |
| recurrent and persistent otitis media. | recurrent acute otitis media occurs during the first several years of life in approximately 20 to 30% of the pediatric population. a clinical challenge closely related to recurrent otitis media is persistent otitis media, manifested by persistence during antimicrobial therapy of symptoms and signs of middle ear infection (treatment failure) and/or relapse of acute otitis media within 1 month of completion of antibiotic therapy. recurrent and persistent otitis media infections are early childhood ... | 2000 | 11001126 |
| judicious use of antibiotics for common pediatric respiratory infections. | background: antibiotic resistance among common respiratory infection-producing bacteria such as streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis has become a major global public health problem. the use of antibiotics, whether or not medically justified for a particular illness, contributes to the development of resistant bacteria. to help to contain the proliferation of drug-resistant bacteria, members of the cdc and the american academy of pediatrics (aap) recently pub ... | 2000 | 11001130 |
| molecular surveillance of european quinolone-resistant clinical isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter spp. using automated ribotyping. | nosocomial isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter spp. exhibit high rates of resistance to antibiotics and are often multidrug resistant. in a previous study (d. milatovic, a. fluit, s. brisse, j. verhoef, and f. j. schmitz, antimicrob. agents chemother. 44:1102-1107, 2000), isolates of these species that were resistant to sitafloxacin, a new advanced-generation fluoroquinolone with a high potency and a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, were found in high proportion in 23 e ... | 2000 | 11015376 |
| isolation of moraxella canis from an ulcerated metastatic lymph node. | moraxella canis was isolated in large numbers from an ulcerated supraclavicular lymph node of a terminal patient, who died a few days later. although the patient presented with septic symptoms and with a heavy growth of gram-negative diplococci in the lymph node, blood cultures remained negative. m. canis is an upper-airway commensal from dogs and cats and is considered nonpathogenic for humans, although this is the third reported human isolate of this species. | 2000 | 11015424 |
| limiting the spread of resistant pneumococci: biological and epidemiologic evidence for the effectiveness of alternative interventions. | streptococcus pneumoniae infections are a leading cause of respiratory illness in young children, the elderly, and persons with chronic medical conditions. the emergence of multidrug-resistant pneumococci has compromised the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy for pneumococcal infections. as antibiotic-resistant strains increase in prevalence, there is a need for interventions that minimize the spread of resistant pneumococci. in this review we provide a framework for understanding the spread of ... | 2000 | 11023959 |
| the osmolyte xylitol reduces the salt concentration of airway surface liquid and may enhance bacterial killing. | the thin layer of airway surface liquid (asl) contains antimicrobial substances that kill the small numbers of bacteria that are constantly being deposited in the lungs. an increase in asl salt concentration inhibits the activity of airway antimicrobial factors and may partially explain the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis (cf). we tested the hypothesis that an osmolyte with a low transepithelial permeability may lower the asl salt concentration, thereby enhancing innate immunity. we found that t ... | 2000 | 11027360 |
| the haemophilus influenzae hia adhesin is an autotransporter protein that remains uncleaved at the c terminus and fully cell associated. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae is a gram-negative commensal organism that is commonly associated with localized respiratory tract disease. the pathogenesis of disease begins with colonization of the nasopharynx, a process that likely depends on bacterial adherence to respiratory epithelial cells. hia is the major adhesin expressed by a subset of nontypeable h. influenzae strains and promotes efficient adherence to a variety of human epithelial cell lines. based on previous work, hia is trans ... | 2000 | 11029419 |
| clinical presentation, processes and outcomes of care for patients with pneumococcal pneumonia. | to describe the presentation, resolution of symptoms, processes of care, and outcomes of pneumococcal pneumonia, and to compare features of the bacteremic and nonbacteremic forms of this illness. | 2000 | 11029678 |
| antigenic structure of outer membrane protein e of moraxella catarrhalis and construction and characterization of mutants. | outer membrane protein e (omp e) is a 50-kda protein of moraxella catarrhalis which possesses several characteristics indicating that the protein will be an effective vaccine antigen. to study the antigenic structure of omp e, eight monoclonal antibodies were developed and characterized. three of the antibodies recognized epitopes which are present on the bacterial surface. fusion peptides corresponding to overlapping regions of omp e were constructed, and immunoblot assays were performed to loc ... | 2000 | 11035732 |
| activities of clinafloxacin, gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, and trovafloxacin against recent clinical isolates of levofloxacin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae. | the activities of two investigational fluoroquinolones and three fluoroquinolones that are currently marketed were determined for 182 clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae. the collection included 57 pneumococcal isolates resistant to levofloxacin (mic >/= 8 microg/ml) recovered from patients in north america and europe. all isolates were tested with clinafloxacin, gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, and trovafloxacin by the national committee for clinical laboratory standards brot ... | 2000 | 11036007 |
| in vitro activity of the new ketolide telithromycin compared with those of macrolides against streptococcus pyogenes: influences of resistance mechanisms and methodological factors. | one hundred and seven clinical isolates of streptococcus pyogenes, 80 susceptible to macrolides and 27 resistant to erythromycin a (mic >0.5 microgram/ml), were examined. the erythromycin a-lincomycin double-disk test assigned 7 resistant strains to the m-phenotype, 8 to the inducible macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin b resistance (imls(b)) phenotype, and 12 to the constitutive mls(b) resistance (cmls(b)) phenotype. mics of erythromycin a, clarithromycin, azithromycin, roxithromycin, and ... | 2000 | 11036012 |
| aci-1 from acidaminococcus fermentans: characterization of the first beta-lactamase in anaerobic cocci. | acidaminococcus fermentans belongs to the group of strictly anaerobic gram-negative cocci. all previously described acidaminococcus strains are susceptible to beta-lactam antibiotics. an a. fermentans strain (ryc-mr95) resistant to penicillin and expanded-spectrum cephalosporin (amoxicillin and cefotaxime mics, 64 microgram/ml) was isolated from a human perianal abscess. a fragment encoding a beta-lactamase from genomic dna was cloned in escherichia coli k-12 strain hb101, and the recombinant st ... | 2000 | 11036038 |
| antibiotic medication and bacterial resistance to antibiotics: a survey of children in a vietnamese community. | to investigate antibiotic use and antibiotic susceptibility of respiratory tract pathogens in children aged 1-5 years in bavi, vietnam. | 2000 | 11044266 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of respiratory pathogens--a global perspective. | antimicrobial resistance among respiratory tract pathogens poses a major challenge for the ongoing use of antimicrobial agents for treating infected patients. global antimicrobial susceptibility data has documented the existence of widespread resistance issues. streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis constitute the principal community-acquired respiratory tract bacterial pathogens. for h. influenzae, resistance to ampicillin varies from less than 5% in some eu ... | 2000 | 11052420 |
| evidence of bacterial infection in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | the frequency with which bacterial infection causes exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) may depend on the dominant pathology present; patients with chronic bronchitis are more susceptible to bacterial bronchial infections than those at the emphysema or asthma ends of the spectrum. however, impairment in respiratory function may be very important in governing the outcome of an exacerbation. placebo-controlled trials have provided conflicting evidence of the efficacy of a ... | 2000 | 11052421 |
| antibiotic therapy in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) comprises a spectrum of conditions including chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, and bronchiectasis. it has a prevalence in the united states of 5.1% to 5.4% in the middle-aged to elderly population, with a lower rate in nonsmoking individuals. moreover, copd is complicated by frequent and recurring acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (aecb). overall, copd represents the fourth leading cause of mortality in the united states and is the second ... | 2000 | 11052424 |
| treatment of acute otitis media with an antiadhesive oligosaccharide: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. | antiadhesive compounds are promising candidates for prevention or treatment of infections. we have investigated the efficacy of such an agent, 3'-sialyllacto-n-neotetraose (ne-1530), given intranasally for prophylaxis of acute otitis media and for effect on nasopharyngeal carriage of bacteria. | 2000 | 11052582 |
| in vitro activity of moxifloxacin(bay 12-8039) against respiratory tract pathogens from six latin-american countries. | the in vitro antibacterial activity of moxifloxacin (bay 12-8039) was evaluated against 636 isolates of respiratory tract pathogens. the isolates were collected from july 1997 to august 1998 in the frame of a multinational latin american study. e-test strips calibrated to read moxifloxacin mic ranges from 0.002 to 32 microg/ml were used in susceptibility testing. weekly quality control tests in each laboratory ensured reproducibility. laboratories from argentina, brazil, chile, colombia, mexico ... | 2000 | 11053902 |
| genetic diversity and clonal patterns among antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant streptococcus pneumoniae colonizing children: day care centers as autonomous epidemiological units. | characterization by antibiotype of the 1,096 streptococcus pneumoniae recovered from 2,111 nasopharyngeal samples of children attending 16 day care centers (dccs) in lisbon, portugal, and molecular typing of 413 drug-resistant pneumococci (drpn) and 89 fully drug-susceptible pneumococci (dspn) has allowed several conclusions. (i) there was an increase in the frequency of drpn colonizing children in dccs from 40% in 1996 to 45% in 1997 to 50% in 1998. (ii) drug resistance spread by cross-transmis ... | 2000 | 11060081 |
| gatifloxacin: a new fluoroquinolone. | gatifloxacin is a new 8-methoxy-fluoroquinoline antimicrobial agent. it has enhanced activity against gram-positive and atypical agents, while retaining broad-spectrum antigram-negative activity. for example, the mic(90) values for respiratory tract pathogens are < or = 0.5 microg/ml for organisms such as streptococcus pneumoniae (regardless of penicillin susceptibility), haemophilus influenzae (beta-lactamase positive or negative), moraxella catarrhalis (beta-lactamase positive or negative), le ... | 2000 | 11060784 |
| prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among respiratory tract isolates in latin america: results from sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (1997-98). | one thousand seventy-three bacterial isolates were collected from patients with community acquired respiratory tract infections (carti) in 11 latin american centers (7 countries) during 1997 and 1998. they were tested against numerous antimicrobial agents by the reference broth microdilution method as part of the ongoing multinational sentry antimicrobial surveillance program. among streptococcus pneumoniae (553 isolates), approximately 61% were susceptible to penicillin. there was a great varia ... | 2000 | 11063556 |
| a review of antimicrobial resistance in canada. | antimicrobial resistance is a global concern. over the past 10 years, considerable efforts and resources have been expended to detect, monitor, and understand at the basic level the many different facets of emerging and increasing resistance. this review summarizes our current understanding of bacterial antimicrobial resistance issues in canada with particular emphasis given to the enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus, neisseria meningitidis, haemophilu ... | 2000 | 11068672 |
| [antibacterial activities of piperacillin in several fresh clinical isolates]. | we investigated activity of piperacillin (pipc) in comparison with 8 antibacterial reference drugs against several fresh clinical strains isolated from patients with infectious diseases in the respiratory tract and after surgical interventions in 1999. the following results were obtained: 1. pipc had its mic90 of 0.12-6 micrograms/ml in gram-positive bacteria (methicillin susceptible staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus agalactiae, streptococcu ... | 2000 | 11070819 |
| acute otitis media: bacteriology and bacterial resistance in 205 pediatric patients. | acute otitis media (aom) is one of the most frequent diagnoses in children below the age of 2 years. treatment is usually based on information included in the literature concerning bacteriology. the purpose of this work was to define the most frequent germs in the etiology of aom within our community, in order to optimize therapeutics for this pathology. cultures in middle ear secretions obtained through tympanocentesis were performed to this end, ensuring careful sample taking and processing. t ... | 2000 | 11074112 |
| structure and sequence analysis of yersinia yada and moraxella uspas reveal a novel class of adhesins. | the non-fimbrial adhesins, yada of enteropathogenic yersinia species, and uspa1 and uspa2 of moraxella catarrhalis, are established pathogenicity factors. in electron micrographs, both surface proteins appear as distinct 'lollipop'-shaped structures forming a novel type of surface projection on the outer membranes. these structures, amino acid sequence analysis of these molecules and yada gene manipulation suggest a tripartite organization: an n-terminal oval head domain is followed by a putativ ... | 2000 | 11080146 |
| bacteriology in disease: failure of a micro-ecological balance? | both aerobic (mainly alpha-haemolytic streptococci) and anaerobic micro-organisms (like prevotella and peptostreptococcus species) are able to interfere with the growth of potential pathogens such as group a beta-haemolytic streptococci, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. the present paper reviews the application of this concept of interference with respect to the development of common acute ear-, nose- and throat infections. | 2000 | 11082778 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of lb 10827, a new oral cephalosporin, against respiratory pathogens. | the in vitro antibacterial activities of lb 10827, a new oral cephalosporin, against common respiratory tract pathogens were compared with those of six beta-lactams (cefdinir, cefuroxime, cefprozil, penicillin g, amoxicillin-clavulanate, and ampicillin), two quinolones (trovafloxacin and ciprofloxacin), and one macrolide (clarithromycin). the mic of lb 10827 at which 90% of the penicillin-resistant strains of streptococcus pneumoniae tested were inhibited was 0.5 microg/ml, and the drug was 4- t ... | 2000 | 11083626 |
| antibacterial spectrum of a novel des-fluoro(6) quinolone, bms-284756. | the in vitro spectrum of a novel des-fluoro(6) quinolone, bms-284756, was compared with those of five fluoroquinolones (trovafloxacin, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin). bms-284756 was among the most active and often was the most active quinolone against staphylococci (including methicillin-resistant strains), streptococci, pneumococci (including ciprofloxacin-nonsusceptible and penicillin-resistant strains), and enterococcus faecalis. bms-284756 inhibited approximately 6 ... | 2000 | 11083639 |
| quinupristin-dalfopristin resistance among gram-positive bacteria in taiwan. | to understand quinupristin-dalfopristin resistance among clinical isolates of gram-positive bacteria in taiwan, where this agent is not yet available for clinical use, we evaluated 1,287 nonduplicate isolates recovered from january 1996 to december 1999 for in vitro susceptibility to quinupristin-dalfopristin and other newer antimicrobial agents. all methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mssa) isolates were susceptible to quinupristin-dalfopristin. high rates of nonsusceptibility to qui ... | 2000 | 11083643 |
| identification of discrete domains within gonococcal transferrin-binding protein a that are necessary for ligand binding and iron uptake functions. | the availability of free iron in vivo is strictly limited, in part by the iron-binding protein transferrin. the pathogenic neisseria spp. can sequester iron from this protein, dependent upon two iron-repressible, transferrin-binding proteins (tbpa and tbpb). tbpa is a tonb-dependent, integral, outer membrane protein that may form a beta-barrel exposing multiple surface loops, some of which are likely to contain ligand-binding motifs. in this study we propose a topological model of gonococcal tbp ... | 2000 | 11083823 |
| antigenicity, expression, and molecular characterization of surface-located pullulanase of streptococcus pneumoniae. | a putative pullulanase-encoding gene from streptococcus pneumoniae was identified by screening a genomic expression library with human convalescent-phase serum. the 3,864-bp gene encoded a 143-kda protein. surface location and pullulanase activity of the protein, designated spua, was demonstrated. spua was present in all investigated pneumococcal isolates of different serotypes. the spua 5' end was highly conserved among clinical isolates except for a 75-bp region. the properties of spua reporte ... | 2000 | 11083842 |
| molecular characterization of the beta-lactamases from clinical isolates of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis obtained from 24 u.s. medical centers during 1994-1995 and 1997-1998. | the beta-lactamases from 403 moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis clinical isolates obtained during 1994-1995 and 1997-1998 u.s. multicenter surveillance studies were characterized by isoelectric focusing. the overall prevalences of the bro-1 and bro-2 enzymes among beta-lactamase-positive isolates were estimated to be 97.5 and 2.5%, respectively. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of ampicillin for all bro-2-producing isolates were </=1 microg/ml; however, numerous beta-lactamase-posit ... | 2000 | 10639381 |
| in vitro activity of abt-773, a new ketolide, against recent clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. | the in vitro activity of abt-773 was evaluated against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis isolates. abt-773 was the most active antimicrobial tested against s. pneumoniae. abt-773 and azithromycin were equivalent in activity against h. influenzae and m. catarrhalis and more active than either clarithromycin or erythromycin. | 2000 | 10639382 |
| prevalence of gyra, gyrb, parc, and pare mutations in clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae with decreased susceptibilities to different fluoroquinolones and originating from worldwide surveillance studies during the 1997-1998 respiratory season. | from 8,419 worldwide clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae obtained during 1997-1998, 69 isolates with reduced susceptibility or resistance to fluoroquinolones (fqs) were molecularly characterized. for the isolates in this prevalence study, only parc (ser-79-->tyr) and gyra (ser-81-->phe or tyr) mutations, especially in combination, were found to contribute significantly to resistance. these mutations influenced the fq mics to varying degrees, although the rank order of activity remains ... | 2000 | 10639387 |