Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| the effect of cigarette smoke on adherence of respiratory pathogens to buccal epithelial cells. | smoking is associated with an increased risk of respiratory tract infection in adults. in children, exposure to cigarette smoke is a risk factor for respiratory tract infection and bacterial meningitis: active smoking and passive exposure to cigarette smoke is also associated with carriage of some potentially pathogenic species of bacteria in both adults and children. the aims of the study were to determine the effect of active smoking on: (1) bacterial binding to epithelial cells; (2) expressio ... | 1999 | 10030544 |
| nested duplex pcr to detect bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis and its application in diagnosis of pertussis in nonmetropolitan southeast queensland, australia. | a duplex pcr to detect bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis was developed with the insertion sequences is481 (b. pertussis) and is1001 (b. parapertussis) and evaluated with specimens from 520 consecutive patients presenting with possible pertussis. no culture-positive-pcr-negative results occurred, giving the method a sensitivity of 100%. for b. pertussis, 58 of 520 patients (11.2%) were positive by pcr compared to 17 of 520 patients positive (3.3%) by culture. for b. parapertussis, ... | 1999 | 9986820 |
| application of pbp1a pcr in identification of penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae. | a seminested pcr assay, based on the amplification of the pneumococcal pbp1a gene, was developed for the detection of penicillin resistance in clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae. the assay was able to differentiate between intermediate (mics = 0.25 to 0.5 microgram/ml) and higher-level (mics = >/=1 microgram/ml) resistance. two species-specific primers, 1a-1 and 1a-2, which amplified a 1,043-bp region of the pbp1a penicillin-binding region, were used for pneumococcal detection. two re ... | 1999 | 9986824 |
| comparison of randomly amplified polymorphic dna analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for typing of moraxella catarrhalis strains. | randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) for the analysis of 13 moraxella catarrhalis isolates, 11 successive strains isolated from sputa of five children and 2 isolates obtained the same day from twins, were compared. rapd and pfge both yielded nine types from the 13 isolates, showing a chronic colonization with one strain in three patients and a successive colonization with different strains in two patients. the promising results obtained with rapd ... | 1999 | 9889241 |
| binding and utilization of human transferrin by prevotella nigrescens. | to survive and multiply within their hosts, pathogens must possess efficient iron-scavenging mechanisms. in the present study, we investigate the capacity of prevotella nigrescens and prevotella intermedia to use various sources of iron for growth and characterize the transferrin-binding activity of p. nigrescens. iron-saturated human transferrin and lactoferrin, but not ferric chloride and the iron-free form of transferrin, could be used as sources of iron by p. nigrescens and p. intermedia. ne ... | 1999 | 9916061 |
| rapid identification of nine microorganisms causing acute respiratory tract infections by single-tube multiplex reverse transcription-pcr: feasibility study. | acute respiratory tract infections (aris) are leading causes of morbidity and, in developing countries, mortality in children. a multiplex reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) assay was developed to allow in one test the detection of nine different microorganisms (enterovirus, influenza a and b viruses, respiratory syncytial virus [rsv], parainfluenzaviruses type 1 and type 3, adenovirus, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and chlamydia pneumoniae) that do not usually colonize the respiratory tracts of humans ... | 1999 | 9854054 |
| in vitro activity of quinupristin/dalfopristin against selected bacterial pathogens isolated in italy. | objective: to evaluate the activity of quinupristin/dalfopristin, a new injectable streptogramin, against 732 clinical strains recently isolated in italy. methods: susceptibility tests were performed according to nccls-guided mic methodology. pathogens included in the evaluation included 108 staphylococcus aureus isolates, 124 coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates, 158 streptococcus pyogenes isolates, 30 streptococcus agalactiae isolates, 30 b-hemolytic streptococcal isolates, 18 streptococ ... | 1999 | 11856292 |
| antimicrobial activities of cefditoren against respiratory pathogens isolated from children in japan. | there is an increasing spread and incidence of penicillin-resistant bacteria that are becoming less susceptible to commonly prescribed oral antimicrobials, including extended-spectrum cephalosporins. against this background, we undertook this study to determine the prevalence of penicillin resistance in streptococcus pneumoniae and the in-vitro activity of oral antimitrobials. between april 1996 and december 1997, in 245 children with respiratory tract infections (bronchitis in 61, pharyngitis i ... | 1999 | 11810485 |
| diffusion of macrolide antibiotics through the outer membrane of moraxella catarrhalis. | we reported previously that the high susceptibility of moraxella catarrhalis to macrolide antibiotics and other hydrophobic antimicrobial agents was related to the hydrophobicity of the cell surface. electrophoretic analysis of lipopolysaccharide (lps) extracted from m. catarrhalis revealed a deep rough-type profile similar to that of an lps re type mutant of salmonella typhimurium, which also exhibits high susceptibility to macrolides. moreover, treatment of 32p-labeled cells of m. catarrhalis ... | 1999 | 11810516 |
| causative bacteria of respiratory tract infections in kuwait by quantitative culture of sputum. | to determine the bacterial etiology of lower respiratory tract infections in kuwait, we performed quantitative culture of sputum and measured the susceptibilities of the isolated bacteria against different antibiotics. a total of 140 sputum samples were collected for a period of 14 months for the study. single and multiple pathogens as a cause of infection were isolated from 55 and 15 samples, respectively. a total of 53.8% of streptococcus pneumoniae were penicillin-resistant and 52% and 57% of ... | 1999 | 11810521 |
| role of nasopharyngeal bacterial flora in the evaluation of recurrent middle ear infections in children. | objective: to study the nasopharyngeal colonization in otitis-prone children before and after adenoidectomy. methods: the study population consisted of 35 children between 11 months and 4 years of age, undergoing adenoidectomy and tube placement for recurrent acute otitis media. all these children were otitis prone (op). during general anesthesia, bacteriologic samples were obtained from the nasopharynx and the middle ear fluid, if present. during the follow-up visit, a new nasopharyngeal cultur ... | 1999 | 11851704 |
| the in vitro activity of moxifloxacin against haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis explored using a pharmacodynamic model. | objective: to assess the antibacterial action of moxifloxacin on haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis using an in vitro pharmacodynamic model of infection. methods: serum concentrations in humans associated with doses of 400 mg once a day for 48 h were simulated and the antibacterial effect measured by the log change in viable count at intervals through the simulation compared to time zero and also the area under the bacterial kill curve (aubkc). wild-type strains of h. influenzae an ... | 1999 | 11856249 |
| [a clinical study of bacterial infection in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. | to investigate the association of bacteriologic characteristics and bacterial infection in small airway disease. | 1999 | 11820948 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity and penetration rate into sputum of gatifloxacin, a novel 6-fluoro-8-methoxy quinolone, and its therapeutic efficacy in respiratory infections. | the in vitro antimicrobial activity of gatifloxacin against clinical isolates of pathogenic bacteria was evaluated. minimum inhibitory concentrations of gatifloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, tosufloxacin, sparfloxacin, and rifampicin against 20 strains each of methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, serratia marcescens, and pseudomonas aeruginosa, 18 strains of enterobacter cloacae, 15 strains each of ... | 1999 | 11810507 |
| comparative in vitro activity of carbapenem antibiotics against respiratory pathogens isolated in recent years. | we investigated the antibacterial activity of 12 antibiotics, including 4 carbapenems, against 200 strains of respiratory pathogens isolated in 1997, and compared the results with those obtained in 1993. the strains examined were 38 strains of methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mssa), 32 strains of methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa), 22 strains of penicillin-susceptible streptococcus pneumoniae (pssp), 10 strains of penicillin-resistant s. pneumoniae (prsp), 53 strains of pseudom ... | 1999 | 11810511 |
| nasopharyngeal carriage and antibacterial susceptibility of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis in estonian children. | 2000 | 11284928 | |
| bacteremic moraxella catarrhalis pneumonia in a patient with immunoglobulin deficiency. | a-75-year old woman with agammaglobulinemia developed moraxella catarrhalis bacteremic pneumonia. m. catarrhalis pneumonia is rarely associated with bacteremia, and neutrophils have been reported as a significant factor in the host defense system against this bacteria. this case suggests that immunoglobulin also plays a key role in the host defense system against m. catarrhalis. | 2000 | 11810533 |
| bacteremic moraxella catarrhalis pneumonia. | 2000 | 11810536 | |
| vaccines for moraxella catarrhalis. | vaccine development for moraxella catarrhalis is in the antigen identification stage. m. catarrhalis does not appear to synthesize secreted antigens such as exotoxins, nor does it appear to possess a carbohydrate capsule. modified forms of these antigens are usually good vaccine components. there is some interest in whole bacterial cells and membrane fractions, but the search has largely focused on purified outer surface antigens. all of the present antigens have been selected based on the respo ... | 2000 | 11163472 |
| isolation of moraxella catarrhalis in patients at king khalid university hospital, riyadh. | a retrospective study was carried out to assess the clinical significance of moraxella catarrhalis (m. catarrhalis) isolated from 32 specimens received from patients seen during a 2 year period. | 2000 | 11376364 |
| macrolide and fluoroquinolone (levofloxacin) resistances among streptococcus pneumoniae strains: significant trends from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (north america, 1997-1999). | 2000 | 11185065 | |
| antibiotic-sensitivity of moraxella catarrhalis isolated from clinical materials in 1997-1998. | moraxella catarrhalis (m. catarrhalis) may normally be found in the upper respiratory tract. this bacterium, however, may cause infections such as acute otitis media, sinusitis, conjunctivitis, bronchitis chronica, pneumonia, endocarditis, septicaemia and meningitis. haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and m. catarrhalis were the main causative agents responsible for respiratory tract infections. the major resistance problems associated with these species are those which cause resis ... | 2000 | 11208326 |
| [pneumonia and influenza]. | pneumonia is more frequent in the elderly and results in higher mortality. primary viral pneumonia is not so common but important in severe cases. chest x-ray shows grand-glass appearance or linear shadow in pure viral pneumonia cases. that is sometimes specific and clearly different from consolidation or infiltration with bacterial pneumonia. we can try to decrease pneumonia and influenza mortality, if we prevent influenza infections by vaccination and treat by anti-influenza drugs. secondary b ... | 2000 | 11225313 |
| a review of antimicrobial resistance in canada. | antimicrobial resistance is a global concern. over the past 10 years, considerable efforts and resources have been expended to detect, monitor, and understand at the basic level the many different facets of emerging and increasing resistance. this review summarizes our current understanding of bacterial antimicrobial resistance issues in canada with particular emphasis given to the enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus, neisseria meningitidis, haemophilu ... | 2000 | 11068672 |
| moraxella catarrhalis meningitis: a case report. | 2000 | 11775241 | |
| bacteriologic efficacies of oral azithromycin and oral cefaclor in treatment of acute otitis media in infants and young children. | a prospective, open-label, randomized study was conducted in order to determine the bacteriologic efficacies of cefaclor and azithromycin in acute otitis media (aom). tympanocentesis was performed on entry into the study and 3 to 4 days after initiation of treatment. bacteriologic failure after 3 to 4 days of treatment with both drugs occurred in a high proportion of culture-positive patients, especially in those in whom aom was caused by haemophilus influenzae (16 of 33 [53%] of those treated w ... | 2000 | 10602721 |
| a p5 peptide that is homologous to peptide 10 of oprf from pseudomonas aeruginosa enhances clearance of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae from acutely infected rat lung in the absence of detectable peptide-specific antibody. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is an opportunistic pathogen associated with otitis media and the exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. this study reports the vaccine potential of three peptides representing conserved regions of the nthi p5 outer membrane protein which have been fused to a promiscuous measles virus f protein t-cell eptitope (mvf). the peptides correspond to a region in surface loop one (mvf/l1a), the central region of loop four (mvf/l4), and a c-terminal region homologou ... | 2000 | 10603411 |
| immune response to an 18-kilodalton outer membrane antigen identifies lipoprotein 20 as a helicobacter pylori vaccine candidate. | experiments were performed using the standardized murine model of helicobacter pylori infection to determine the immunogenicity of h. pylori outer membrane vesicles in immune protection. these vesicles, which are naturally shed from the surface of the bacterium, induce a protective response when administered intragastrically to mice in the presence of cholera holotoxin, despite the absence of the urease enzyme and associated hsp54 chaperonin. immunoblotting identified a specific serum immunoglob ... | 2000 | 10816482 |
| identification of a human lactoferrin-binding protein in gardnerella vaginalis. | previous studies have shown that gardnerella vaginalis can utilize iron-loaded human lactoferrin as a sole source of iron. in this study, g. vaginalis cells were shown to bind digoxigenin (dig)-labeled human lactoferrin in a dot blot assay. using the dig-labeled human lactoferrin, a 120-kda human lactoferrin-binding protein was detected by western blot analysis of g. vaginalis proteins. the lactoferrin-binding activity of this protein was found to be heat stable. competition studies indicated th ... | 2000 | 10816496 |
| an ompa-like protein from acinetobacter spp. stimulates gastrin and interleukin-8 promoters. | bacterial overgrowth in the stomach may occur under conditions of diminished or absent acid secretion. under these conditions, secretion of the hormone gastrin is elevated. alternatively, bacterial factors may directly stimulate gastrin. consistent with this hypothesis, we found that mice colonized for 2 months with a mixed bacterial culture of opportunistic pathogens showed an increase in serum gastrin. to examine regulation of gene expression by bacterial proteins, stable transformants of ags ... | 2000 | 10816525 |
| morphological changes and lysis induced by beta-lactams associated with the characteristic profiles of affinities of penicillin-binding proteins in actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. | actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, which was formerly classified in the genus haemophilus, is a pathogen causing swine pleuropneumonia. we found that aspoxicillin showed strong activity and that meropenem had better lytic activity against this pathogen. in the present study, we for the first time identified penicillin-binding proteins (pbps) of a. pleuropneumoniae in order to elucidate the relationship between the antibacterial and lytic activities of beta-lactam antibiotics and affinities of the ... | 2000 | 10817702 |
| pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of nasopharyngeal flora in children attending a day care center. | to investigate how bacterial pathogens spread from child to child in a day care center, we monitored six children, two boys and four girls, born between august 1995 and november 1997, attending a day care center and analyzed nasopharyngeal samples from them using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). we obtained nasopharyngeal cultures from all of the affected children and almost all of the unaffected children between september 1998 and march 1999 after some children presented simultaneously ... | 2000 | 10655357 |
| the alexander project 1996-1997: latest susceptibility data from this international study of bacterial pathogens from community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. | the alexander project was established in 1992 to examine antimicrobial susceptibilities of bacterial isolates from community-acquired infections of the lower respiratory tract. testing of a range of compounds was undertaken in a central laboratory. from 1992 to 1995, isolates were collected from geographically separated areas in countries in the european union and various states in the usa. in 1996, the study was extended to include centres in mexico, brazil, saudi arabia, south africa, hong kon ... | 2000 | 10660501 |
| activities of taurolidine in vitro and in experimental enterococcal endocarditis. | in vitro, the antimicrobial agent taurolidine inhibited virtually all of the bacteria tested, including vancomycin-resistant enterococci, oxacillin-resistant staphylococci, and stenotrophomonas maltophilia, at concentrations between 250 and 2,000 microg/ml. taurolidine was not effective in experimental endocarditis. while it appears unlikely that this antimicrobial would be useful for systemic therapy, its bactericidal activity and the resistance rates found (<10(-9)) are favorable indicators fo ... | 2000 | 10817739 |
| immune response to surface protein a of streptococcus pneumoniae and to high-molecular-weight outer membrane protein a of moraxella catarrhalis in children with acute otitis media. | the immune response was evaluated in 11 children with streptococcus pneumoniae and in 9 children with moraxella catarrhalis otitis media. the age of the children had a range of 4-32 months. the mean igg, igm, and iga antibody responses to surface protein a (pspa) of s. pneumoniae in sera from children at the acute and convalescent stages were 4864 versus 5831 ng/ml, p<.05, 1075 versus 3752 ng/ml, p<.05, and 67 versus 93 ng/ml, nonsignificant (ns), respectively. the mean igg, igm, and iga antibod ... | 2000 | 10823798 |
| in vitro activity of gemifloxacin against a broad range of recent clinical isolates from the usa. | the antibacterial potencies of gemifloxacin (sb-265805) and 13 comparator compounds were determined by broth microdilution against a panel of 645 gram-positive and 995 gram-negative organisms collected from various usa sites. time-kill studies were performed and postantibiotic effect (pae) was determined for several organisms using trovafloxacin and ciprofloxacin as comparator compounds. based on mic(90)s, gemifloxacin was the most potent compound tested against gram-positive isolates: streptoco ... | 2000 | 10824027 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of gemifloxacin and comparator compounds against common respiratory pathogens. | this study investigated the in vitro potency of the novel quinolone agent gemifloxacin (sb-265805), in comparison with other quionolones, beta-lactams, macrolides and trimethoprim- sulphamethoxazole, against a panel of common respiratory pathogens. this panel comprised recent clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 347), haemophilus influenzae (n = 256) and moraxella catarrhalis (n = 184). overall, the quinolones were highly active against h. influenzae and were the most potent agents ... | 2000 | 10824028 |
| the uspa1 protein and a second type of uspa2 protein mediate adherence of moraxella catarrhalis to human epithelial cells in vitro. | the uspa1 and uspa2 proteins of moraxella catarrhalis are structurally related, are exposed on the bacterial cell surface, and migrate as very high-molecular-weight complexes in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. previous analysis of uspa1 and uspa2 mutants of m. catarrhalis strain 035e indicated that uspa1 was involved in adherence of this organism to chang conjunctival epithelial cells in vitro and that expression of uspa2 was essential for resistance of this strain to ... | 2000 | 10671460 |
| complement-resistant moraxella catarrhalis forms a genetically distinct lineage within the species. | moraxella catarrhalis is a bacterial species that has been implicated in 15-20% of all cases of otitis media in the usa and the complement-resistant variant of m. catarrhalis has been considered particularly pathogenic. a collection of geographically diverse, complement-sensitive (n=28) and -resistant strains (n=47) of m. catarrhalis was assembled in order to analyse the bacterial population structure. all strains were identified as m. catarrhalis by conventional microbiological and biochemical ... | 2000 | 10689157 |
| [in vitro activity of faropenem against beta-lactamase producing clinical isolates]. | each 20 strains of beta-lactamase producing methicillin susceptible staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis, and bacteroides fragilis group were used as the test strains. drug susceptibility of these strains to faropenem (frpm), cefdinir, cefditoren, cefcapene, cefteram, cefaclor, and ampicillin was determined by an agar dilution method according to the nccls guideline m100-s9. beta-lactamase activity of the test ... | 2000 | 10834149 |
| long-term trends in susceptibility of moraxella catarrhalis: a population analysis. | a retrospective, population analysis of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns was performed on moraxella catarrhalis isolates recovered from a single medical centre to detect temporal trends and infer potential mechanisms of reduced susceptibility. the duration of this study, june 1984 to july 1994, encompassed the period during which the frequency of beta-lactamase production expanded from 30 to 96% in the population. mics of penicillin g, cefamandole, ceftriaxone, amoxycillin/clavulanate, imip ... | 2000 | 10660499 |
| clinical significance of resistant organisms in otitis media. | background: otitis media is an important health care problem of childhood. the bacteriology of otitis media comprises three main pathogens: streptococcus pneumoniae, nontypable haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. although the prevalence of resistant strains varies geographically and temporally, antimicrobial resistance is widespread and increasing. resistance to antibiotic drugs: among the risk factors for development of resistance in otitis media are antimicrobial use, young age, ... | 2000 | 10783039 |
| detection of legionella species in respiratory specimens using pcr with sequencing confirmation. | legionella spp. are a common cause of community-acquired respiratory tract infections and an occasional cause of nosocomial pneumonia. a pcr method for the detection of legionellae in respiratory samples was evaluated and was compared to culture. the procedure can be performed in 6 to 8 h with a commercially available dna extraction kit (qiagen, valencia, calif.) and by pcr with gel detection. pcr is performed with primers previously determined to amplify a 386-bp product within the 16s rrna gen ... | 2000 | 10790085 |
| antimicrobial effects of lidocaine in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. | the antimicrobial activity of lidocaine in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (bal(f)) was investigated. clinical respiratory isolates were added to bal(f) suspensions containing lidocaine and to normal saline. the growth of two of four isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae was significantly reduced in the presence of lidocaine-bal(f) compared with controls in saline. growth of moraxella catarrhalis isolates was reduced in normal saline when compared with bal(f) containing lidocaine. there was no effec ... | 2000 | 10660504 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of gatifloxacin against 873 clinical isolates from respiratory tract, urinary tract and surgical infections during 1997-1998 in japan. | the in vitro activity of gatifloxacin was determined for 873 isolates from various infections during 1997-1998 in japan. gatifloxacin was active against streptococci, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae and neisseria gonorrhoeae, with mic(90)s of </=0.39 mg/l. the activity was two- to 32-fold greater than that of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin against gram-positive bacteria, and comparable to that against gram-negative bacteria. gatifloxacin was ... | 2000 | 10797094 |
| activities and postantibiotic effects of gemifloxacin compared to those of 11 other agents against haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. | the activity of gemifloxacin against haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis was compared to those of 11 other agents. all quinolones were very active (mics, </=0.125 microgram/ml) against 248 quinolone-susceptible h. influenzae isolates (40.7% of which were beta-lactamase positive); cefixime (mics, </=0.125 microgram/ml) and amoxicillin-clavulanate (mics </=4.0 microgram/ml) were active, followed by cefuroxime (mics, </=16.0 microgram/ml); azithromycin mics were </=4.0 microg/ml. for n ... | 2000 | 10681330 |
| resistant bacteria in the adenoids: a preliminary report. | to determine the incidence of resistant bacteria in adenoid cultures from children with and without middle ear disease and rhinosinusitis symptoms. | 2000 | 10807330 |
| resistance surveillance of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis isolated in asia and europe, 1997-1998. | a multicentre, collaborative study was performed in asia and europe during the winter of 1997-1998 to determine the in vitro activity of selected antimicrobial agents against common respiratory pathogens. streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis isolates were collected from 48 sites in china, france, germany, italy, japan, spain and the uk and tested in a central laboratory in the usa. broth microdilution mics were determined for beta-lactams (penicillin, amoxyc ... | 2000 | 10747822 |
| moxifloxacin, a new antibiotic designed to treat community-acquired respiratory tract infections: a review of microbiologic and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic characteristics. | moxifloxacin (bay 12-8039) is a new 8-methoxy-fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent. the minimum inhibitory concentration for 90% of organisms (mic90) is less than 0.25 mg/l for commonly isolated community-acquired respiratory tract pathogens including penicillin-susceptible and -resistant streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus sp, and moraxella catarrhalis, and less than 1.0 mg/l for atypical pathogens such as mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, and legionella pneumophila. to date, emerge ... | 2000 | 10730681 |
| respiratory pathogens: assessing resistance patterns in europe and the potential role of grepafloxacin as treatment of patients with infections caused by these organisms. | although most respiratory tract infections (rti) are caused by viruses, various bacteria, particularly streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis, are common causes of community-acquired pneumonia, acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, otitis media and sinusitis. empirical antibiotic therapy of patients with rti must take account of the increasing prevalence of resistance among the predominant pathogens. europe-wide susceptibility surveillance studies have re ... | 2000 | 10719006 |
| differentiation of mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and nontuberculous mycobacterial liquid cultures by using peptide nucleic acid-fluorescence in situ hybridization probes. | a blinded comparison of peptide nucleic acid-fluorescence in situ hybridization (pna-fish) with routine identification methods was performed on 74 consecutively positive mycobacterial liquid cultures. all mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures (48 of 48) and 22 of 27 (81. 5%) nontuberculous cultures were correctly identified (including one mixed culture). five isolates yielded no reaction with either probe and were identified as mycobacterium xenopi, mycobacterium fortuitum, or mycobacterium flaves ... | 2000 | 10618138 |
| actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae iron transport: a set of exbbd genes is transcriptionally linked to the tbpb gene and required for utilization of transferrin-bound iron. | upon iron restriction, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae has been shown to express the transferrin-binding proteins tbpb and tbpa, both of which have been implied to be important virulence factors. in order to identify additional iron-regulated proteins, we cloned and analyzed the region upstream of the transferrin-binding protein genes in an a. pleuropneumoniae serotype 7 strain. we located immediately upstream of the tbpb gene two open reading frames which were 43% homologous to the neisserial e ... | 2000 | 10678921 |
| immune responses to specific antigens of streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis in the respiratory tract. | streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis are two common respiratory pathogens, colonizing as many as 54 and 72% of children, respectively, by 1 year of age. the immune responses to surface protein a of s. pneumoniae (pspa) and the high-molecular-weight outer membrane protein of m. catarrhalis (uspa) in the sera of various age groups in the general population and in the nasopharynges of 30 children monitored from birth through 1 year of age were evaluated. immunoglobulin g (igg) was the ... | 2000 | 10678976 |
| serum resistance in haemophilus ducreyi requires outer membrane protein dsra. | haemophilus ducreyi is resistant to killing by normal serum antibody and complement. we discovered an h. ducreyi outer membrane protein required for expression of serum resistance and termed it dsra (for "ducreyi serum resistance a"). the dsra locus was cloned, sequenced, and mutagenized. an isogenic mutant (fx517) of parent strain 35000 was constructed and characterized, and it was found to no longer express dsra. fx517 was at least 10-fold more serum susceptible than 35000. dsra was expressed ... | 2000 | 10678980 |
| in vitro activities of novel trans-3,5-disubstituted pyrrolidinylthio-1beta-methylcarbapenems with potent activities against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | the in vitro activities of the novel 1beta-methylcarbapenems j-111, 225, j-114,870, and j-114,871, which have a structurally unique side chain that consists of a trans-3,5-disubstituted 5-arylpyrrolidin-3-ylthio moiety at the c-2 position, were compared with those of reference antibiotics. among isolates of both methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (mrcons), 90% were inhibited by j-111,347 (prototype), j-111,225, j-114,870, ... | 2000 | 10681308 |
| activities of trovafloxacin, gatifloxacin, clinafloxacin, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin against penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae in an in vitro infection model. | we adapted an in vitro pharmacodynamic model of infection to incorporate infected fibrin clots. the bactericidal activities of various fluoroquinolones against two strains of penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae were studied over a 48-h period. bacteria were prepared in muller-hinton broth by using colonies from a 24-h tryptic soy agar plus 5% sheep blood plate and were added to a mixture of cryoprecipitate (80%) and thrombin (10%) to achieve approximately 10(6) cfu of organism per fibr ... | 2000 | 10681324 |
| bactericidal activity of a monocytic cell line (thp-1) against common respiratory tract bacterial pathogens is depressed after infection with respiratory syncytial virus. | non-typable haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are commonly isolated from patients during the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). earlier studies found that virus infection enhanced binding of bacterial respiratory pathogens to epithelial cells in vitro. the objective of the present study was to assess the effect of rsv infection of a human monocytic cell line on bactericidal activity and cytokine prod ... | 2000 | 10707942 |
| topical antibiotics on tracheostoma prevents exogenous colonization and infection of lower airways in children. | patients requiring long-term ventilation are at high risk of lower airway infections, generally of endogenous development. patients on long-term ventilation, in particular via a tracheostomy, may develop tracheobronchitis or pneumonia of exogenous pathogenesis, ie, caused by microorganisms not carried in the oropharynx. the frequency of exogenous colonization or infection has previously been reported to be as high as 33%. a prospective observational cohort study of 2 years was undertaken to eval ... | 2000 | 10669698 |
| problems related to determination of mics of oximino-type expanded-spectrum cephems for proteus vulgaris. | during in vitro susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of proteus vulgaris, we noted that the mics of several expanded-spectrum cephems were much higher in the broth microdilution method than in the agar dilution method (termed the mic gap phenomenon). here we investigated the mechanism of the mic gap phenomenon. cephems with the mic gap phenomenon were of the oximino type, such as cefotaxime, cefteram, and cefpodoxime, which serve as good substrates for inducible class a beta-lactamase (cu ... | 2000 | 10655366 |
| neisseria meningitidis expressing transferrin binding proteins of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae can utilize porcine transferrin for growth. | homologous recombination was used to generate a number of mutants of serogroup b neisseria meningitidis b16b6 with the following characteristics: (i) an inability to bind human or porcine transferrin because of loss of both transferrin binding proteins (tbp) a and b [strain b16b6(str(r))/tbpa(-)b(-)] and (ii) an ability to bind porcine transferrin but not human transferrin [strain b16b6(str(r))/tbpa(ap)b(ap)] due to replacement of the meningococcal tbp with the tbp of actinobacillus pleuropneumo ... | 2000 | 10639416 |
| epitope mapping of immunogenic and adhesive structures in repetitive domains of mycoplasma bovis variable surface lipoproteins. | the family of variable surface lipoproteins (vsps) of the bovine pathogen mycoplasma bovis includes some of the most immunogenic antigens of this microorganism. vsps were shown to undergo high-frequency phase and size variations and to possess extensive reiterated coding sequences extending from the n-terminal end to the c-terminal end of the vsp molecule. in the present study, mapping experiments were conducted to detect regions with immunogenicity and/or adhesion sites in repetitive domains of ... | 2000 | 10639433 |
| expression and immunogenicity of hemagglutinin a from porphyromonas gingivalis in an avirulent salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium vaccine strain. | porphyromonas gingivalis is a major etiologic agent of periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease that ultimately results in the loss of the supporting tissues of the teeth. previous work has demonstrated the usefulness of avirulent salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium strains as antigen delivery systems for protective antigens of pathogens that colonize or cross mucosal surfaces. in this study, we constructed and characterized a recombinant s. enterica serovar typhimurium avirulent vaccin ... | 2000 | 10639440 |
| molecular characterization of the beta-lactamases from clinical isolates of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis obtained from 24 u.s. medical centers during 1994-1995 and 1997-1998. | the beta-lactamases from 403 moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis clinical isolates obtained during 1994-1995 and 1997-1998 u.s. multicenter surveillance studies were characterized by isoelectric focusing. the overall prevalences of the bro-1 and bro-2 enzymes among beta-lactamase-positive isolates were estimated to be 97.5 and 2.5%, respectively. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of ampicillin for all bro-2-producing isolates were </=1 microg/ml; however, numerous beta-lactamase-posit ... | 2000 | 10639381 |
| in vitro activity of abt-773, a new ketolide, against recent clinical isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. | the in vitro activity of abt-773 was evaluated against streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis isolates. abt-773 was the most active antimicrobial tested against s. pneumoniae. abt-773 and azithromycin were equivalent in activity against h. influenzae and m. catarrhalis and more active than either clarithromycin or erythromycin. | 2000 | 10639382 |
| clinically applicable multiplex pcr for four middle ear pathogens. | the multiplex pcr method for the detection of alloiococcus otitidis, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and streptococcus pneumoniae (p. h. hendolin, a. markkanen, j. ylikoski, and j. j. wahlfors, j. clin. microbiol. 35:2854-2858, 1997) in middle ear effusions (mees) was modified to be better suited for clinical use. to detect false-negative results, an internal amplification was added to the reaction, and to prevent carryover contamination, the dutp-uracil-n-glycosidase system was i ... | 2000 | 10618075 |
| species-specific pcr as a tool for the identification of burkholderia gladioli. | burkholderia gladioli colonizes the respiratory tracts of patients with cystic fibrosis and chronic granulomatous disease. however, due to the high degree of phenotypic similarity between this species and closely related species in the burkholderia cepacia complex, accurate identification is difficult. incorrect identification of these species may have serious repercussions for the management of patients with cystic fibrosis. to develop an accurate procedure for the identification of b. gladioli ... | 2000 | 10618102 |
| benchmarking the in vitro activity of moxifloxacin against recent isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, and haemophilus influenzae. a european multi-centre study. | to benchmark the activity of moxifloxacin, a european study comprising 900 streptococcus pneumoniae, 1051 haemophilus influenzae, and 226 moraxella catarrhalis referred from 30 institutions during 1998 is described. for s. pneumoniae, moxifloxacin and trovafloxacin mic(90) and modal mics values were 0.12 microg/ml and independent of susceptibility to other drug classes, geography, or site of infection. mic(90)/modal mics were, respectively, 0.25/0.12 microg/ml for grepafloxacin, 0.25/0.25 microg ... | 2000 | 10904194 |
| the role of bacterial infections in asthma. | in summary, bacterial organisms are clinically relevant contributors to asthma exacerbations, and have received much less attention than viruses in this process. streptococcus pneumoniae, hemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis have been linked to asthma exacerbations, particularly when sinusitis is present. treatment therefore should be directed toward these organisms if a bacterial cause is suspected. the atypical bacteria--specifically, c. pneumoniae and m. pneumoniae--deserve specia ... | 2000 | 10907590 |
| middle ear secretory capacity after acute otitis media caused by streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, non-typeable or type b haemophilus influenzae. a comparative analysis based on goblet cell density. | to investigate whether the type of bacteria is correlated with an increase in goblet cell density during and after acute otitis media, we inoculated the middle ear of 25 rats with either streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, non-typeable or type b haemophilus influenzae. mucosal goblet cell density was determined by a whole-mount method on days 4, 8, 16, 60 and 180 post-inoculation. the goblet cell density was increased on all days of sacrifice, employing either bacteria, except m. ca ... | 2000 | 10908976 |
| antigenic and sequence diversity in gonococcal transferrin-binding protein a. | neisseria gonorrhoeae is a gram-negative pathogen that is capable of satisfying its iron requirement with human iron-binding proteins such as transferrin and lactoferrin. transferrin-iron utilization involves specific binding of human transferrin at the cell surface to what is believed to be a complex of two iron-regulated, transferrin-binding proteins, tbpa and tbpb. the genes encoding these proteins have been cloned and sequenced from a number of pathogenic, gram-negative bacteria. in the curr ... | 2000 | 10899879 |
| analysis of moraxella catarrhalis by dna typing: evidence for a distinct subpopulation associated with virulence traits. | two dna typing methods, probe-generated restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and single-adapter amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis, were used to study the genetic relationships among 90 moraxella catarrhalis strains. both methods were found to be highly concordant, generating a dendrogram with 2 main branches. the division of the m. catarrhalis population into 2 subspecies was supported by analysis of the 16s rrna sequences. both beta-lactamase-positive and beta-lactama ... | 2000 | 10762569 |
| [susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with lower respiratory infectious diseases to antibiotics (1998)]. | the bacteria isolated from the patients with lower respiratory tract infections were collected by institutions located throughout japan, since 1981. ikemoto et al. have been investigating susceptibilities of these isolates to various antibacterial agents and antibiotics, and analyzed some characteristics of the patients and isolates from them each year. results obtained from these investigations are discussed. in these 18 institutions around the entire japan, 532 strains of presumably etiologica ... | 2000 | 10923284 |
| in vitro activity of quinupristin/dalfopristin against gram-positive bacteria haemophilus influenzae and branhamella catarrhalis in taiwan. | over the past decade, resistance of gram-positive cocci to common antibiotics has steadily increased. new antibacterial agents that are active against multidrug-resistant pathogens are urgently needed for the treatment of these pathogens. we conducted an in vitro study on the activity of quinupristin/dalfopristin and other antibiotics against common clinical isolates of the gram-positive cocci, haemophilus influenzae and branhamella catarrhalis. | 2000 | 10925532 |
| antimicrobial resistance of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilius influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis isolated in hawaii. | 2000 | 10926447 | |
| mm1, a temperate bacteriophage of the type 23f spanish/usa multiresistant epidemic clone of streptococcus pneumoniae: structural analysis of the site-specific integration system. | we have characterized a temperate phage (mm1) from a clinical isolate of the multiply antibiotic-resistant spanish/american 23f streptococcus pneumoniae clone (spain(23f)-1 strain). the 40-kb double-stranded genome of mm1 has been isolated as a dna-protein complex. the use of mm1 dna as a probe revealed that the phage genome is integrated in the host chromosome. the host and phage attachment sites, attb and attp, respectively, have been determined. nucleotide sequencing of the attachment sites i ... | 2000 | 10933687 |
| studies of the novel ketolide abt-773: transport, binding to ribosomes, and inhibition of protein synthesis in streptococcus pneumoniae. | macrolide resistance in streptococcus pneumoniae has been associated with two main mechanisms: target modification by erm methyltransferases and efflux by macrolide pumps. the ketolide abt-773, which has a 3-keto group and no l-cladinose sugar, represents a new class of drugs with in vitro activity against a variety of resistant bacteria. several approaches were undertaken to understand how abt-773 was able to defeat resistance mechanisms. we demonstrated tighter ribosome binding of abt-773 than ... | 2000 | 10817709 |
| attachment of moraxella catarrhalis occurs to the positively charged domains of pharyngeal epithelial cells. | attachment of bacteria to host cells is the initial step in the pathogenesis of infection. several factors, such as hydrophobicity, surface electric charge, and van der waals force, are considered to be responsible for the attachment step. however, it is not clear why bacteria and epithelial cells, both of which possess a negative surface charge, do not repel one another. in the present study, we used moraxella catarrhalis and pharyngeal epithelial cells to study the surface charges of structure ... | 2000 | 10764611 |
| enhancement of clearance of bacteria from murine lungs by immunization with detoxified lipooligosaccharide from moraxella catarrhalis conjugated to proteins. | moraxella catarrhalis strain 25238 detoxified lipooligosaccharide (dlos)-protein conjugates induced a significant rise of bactericidal anti-los antibodies in animals. this study reports the effect of active or passive immunization with the conjugates or their antiserum on pulmonary clearance of m. catarrhalis in an aerosol challenge mouse model. mice were injected subcutaneously with dlos-tetanus toxoid (dlos-tt), dlos-high-molecular-weight proteins (dlos-hmp) from nontypeable haemophilus influe ... | 2000 | 10948114 |
| lipooligosaccharide p(k) (galalpha1-4galbeta1-4glc) epitope of moraxella catarrhalis is a factor in resistance to bactericidal activity mediated by normal human serum. | moraxella catarrhalis is a respiratory pathogen responsible for acute bacterial otitis media in children and exacerbation of chronic bronchitis in adults. m. catarrhalis strains are frequently resistant to the bactericidal activity of normal human serum. in order to determine if the lipooligosaccharide (los) of m. catarrhalis has a role in serum resistance, the udp-glucose-4-epimerase (gale) gene was identified, cloned, and sequenced and a deletion/insertion mutation was introduced into m. catar ... | 2000 | 10948153 |
| identification of the conjugative mef gene in clinical acinetobacter junii and neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates. | the mef gene, originally described for gram-positive organisms and coding for an efflux pump, has been identified in clinical isolates of acinetobacter junii and neisseria gonorrhoeae. these strains could transfer the mef gene at frequencies ranging from 10(-6) to 10(-9) into one or more of the following recipients: gram-negative moraxella catarrhalis, neisseria perflava/sicca and neisseria mucosa and gram-positive enterococcus faecalis. three streptococcus pneumoniae strains could transfer the ... | 2000 | 10952602 |
| fluoroquinolone-resistant haemophilus influenzae: frequency of occurrence and analysis of confirmed strains in the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (north and latin america). | the incidence of fluoroquinolone-resistant (fqr) haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis isolated from clinical specimens remains very rare, and the identification of such strains has been previously limited to case reports from diverse geographic locations. during the 1997 through 1998 sentry antimicrobial surveillance program, four fqr-h. influenzae (0.13% of all strains) and one fqr-m. catarrhalis strains were identified and confirmed as having elevated mics to > or =5 fq class drugs ... | 2000 | 10764968 |
| pharmacotherapy of acute sinusitis in children. | the pharmacotherapeutic options for acute sinusitis in children are reviewed. acute sinusitis occurs more frequently in children than in adults. the diagnosis is based primarily on clinical signs and symptoms. streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis are the organisms most frequently implicated. a variety of antimicrobials have fda-approved labeling for use in the treatment of sinusitis. in randomized, controlled clinical trials identified in a medline search f ... | 2000 | 10768820 |
| passive transfer of antiserum specific for immunogens derived from a nontypeable haemophilus influenzae adhesin and lipoprotein d prevents otitis media after heterologous challenge. | we recently determined that passive transfer of serum directed against a synthetic peptide called lb1 or a recombinant fusion protein immunogen [lpd-lb1(f)(2,1,3)] could prevent otitis media after challenge with a homologous nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) isolate. nthi residing in the nasopharynx was rapidly cleared from this site, thus preventing it from ascending the eustachian tube and inducing otitis media in chinchillas compromised by an ongoing viral upper respiratory tract infe ... | 2000 | 10768970 |
| obstructive airway disease caused by moraxella catarrhalis after renal transplantation. | we report a case of severe acute obstructive airway disease 2 months after renal transplantation in a 16-year-old patient with biedl-bardet syndrome who was transplanted for end-stage renal failure secondary to cystic kidney disease. symptoms of severe obstructive airway disease developed 2 months after transplantation under immunosuppression with prednisone, azathioprine, and tacrolimus. the patient did not develop signs of infection; progressive shortness of breath remained the only symptom fo ... | 2000 | 10955911 |
| multicenter surveillance of antimicrobial resistance of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis in taiwan during the 1998-1999 respiratory season. | a susceptibility surveillance study of 276 isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, 301 of haemophilus influenzae, and 110 of moraxella catarrhalis was carried out from november 1998 to may 1999 in taiwan. high rates of nonsusceptibility to penicillin (76%), extended-spectrum cephalosporins (56%), azithromycin (94%), clarithromycin (95%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) (65%) for s. pneumoniae isolates and high rates of nonsusceptibility to amoxicillin (58%) and tmp-smx (52%) for h. inf ... | 2000 | 10770773 |
| in vitro comparative dynamics of modified-release clarithromycin and of azithromycin. | antibacterial kinetics of modified-release clarithromycin (cla) and azithromycin (azi) against respiratory tract pathogens were compared in relation to their pharmacokinetic profile. the study was carried out in three strains of streptococcus pneumoniae, group a beta-hemolytic streptococcus pyogenes, moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae, respectively, exposed to concentration gradients of cla and azi simulating human serum pharmacokinetics after administration of 500 mg p.o. in a sin ... | 2000 | 10965100 |
| development of a rapid pcr assay specific for staphylococcus saprophyticus and application to direct detection from urine samples. | staphylococcus saprophyticus is one of the most frequently encountered microorganisms associated with acute urinary tract infections (utis) in young, sexually active female outpatients. conventional identification methods based on biochemical characteristics can efficiently identify s. saprophyticus, but the rapidities of these methods need to be improved. rapid and direct identification of this bacterium from urine samples would be useful to improve time required for the diagnosis of s. saproph ... | 2000 | 10970371 |
| increasing bacterial resistance in pediatric acute conjunctivitis (1997-1998). | we sought to determine the current level of resistance in haemophilus influenzae and streptococcus pneumoniae, the primary pathogens of pediatric conjunctivitis. between january 1997 and march 1998, we prospectively cultured acute conjunctivitis in 250 ambulatory pediatric patients from rural kentucky whose average age was 24.3 months. in those 250 cases, 106 h. influenzae (42% of the total) and 75 s. pneumoniae (30% of the total) pathogens were isolated, with no growth or no pathogen resulting ... | 2000 | 10817723 |
| antibiotic resistance in respiratory tract isolates of haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis collected from across canada in 1997-1998. | between september 1997 and november 1998 respiratory tract isolates of haemophilus influenzae (n = 1352) and moraxella catarrhalis (n = 428) were collected by 18 canadian medical centres. beta-lactamase was produced by 24.0 and 94.2% of h. influenzae and m. catarrhalis isolates, respectively. resistance rates for h. influenzae were highest for ampicillin (24.0%), trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (13. 7%), loracarbef (6.1%) and cefaclor (4.2%), and </= 1% for amoxycillin/clavulanate, cefotaxime, ce ... | 2000 | 10797089 |
| moraxella catarrhalis endocarditis: case report and review of the literature. | a case of bacterial endocarditis caused by moraxella catarrhalis in an apparently immunocompetent greek male is presented, which was diagnosed after a 2-month history of low-grade fever of unknown origin. the agent seems to be a rare pathogen, but due to the high mortality rate, it should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of relevant cases. beta-lactamase production by many strains complicates the choice of antibiotic. | 2000 | 10826914 |
| stimulation of bacterial adherence by neutrophil defensins varies among bacterial species but not among host cell types. | adherence of haemophilus influenzae to bronchial epithelial cells is enhanced by neutrophil defensins, which are released from activated neutrophils during inflammation [gorter et al. (1998) j. infect. dis. 178, 1067-1078]. in this study, we showed that the adherence of h. influenzae to various epithelial, fibroblast-like and endothelial cell types was significantly enhanced by defensins (20 microg ml(-1)). defensins stimulated also the adherence of moraxella catarrhalis, neisseria meningitidis ... | 2000 | 10799799 |
| microbiology of the middle meatus: a comparison between normal adults and children. | middle meatal samples were obtained from 52 carefully selected healthy adults. in 75 per cent of the test subjects bacterial organisms were cultured. however, growth was often poor and the predominant species suggest a commensal flora: coagulase-negative staphylococci were retrieved from 35 per cent, corynebacterium sp. from 23 per cent and staphyloccus aureus from eight per cent of the adults. these data are very different from those previously obtained among children where--even in the absence ... | 2000 | 10829105 |
| in vitro selection of resistance to clinafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and trovafloxacin in streptococcus pneumoniae. | ability of daily sequential subcultures in subinhibitory concentrations of clinafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and trovafloxacin to select resistant mutants was studied in 10 pneumococci (ciprofloxacin mics, 1 to 4 microg/ml, and clinafloxacin and trovafloxacin mics, 0.06 to 0.125 microg/ml [n = 9]; ciprofloxacin, clinafloxacin, and trovafloxacin mics, 32, 0.5, and 2 microg/ml, respectively [n = 1]). subculturing was done 50 times, or until mics increased fourfold or more. mutants for which mics were ... | 2000 | 10991854 |
| antimicrobial resistance in respiratory tract pathogens: results of an international surveillance study. | an international surveillance study was performed to assess the resistance patterns among respiratory tract pathogens during the winter of 1997-1998. the pathogens studied included streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. the antibiotics tested included five beta-lactams (penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefuroxime axetil and ceftriaxone), two macrolides (azithromycin and clarithromycin), one sulfonamide (trimethoprim-sulfametho ... | 2000 | 10810209 |
| development of antigen detection assay for diagnosis of tuberculosis using sputum samples. | the rising incidence of tuberculosis worldwide means an increasing burden on diagnostic facilities, so tests simpler than ziehl-neelsen staining are needed. such tests should be objective, reproducible, and have at least as good a detection limit as 10(4) bacteria/ml. a capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for detection of lipoarabinomannan (lam) in human sputum samples. as a capture antibody, we used a murine monoclonal antibody against lam, with rabbit antiserum agai ... | 2000 | 10834989 |
| comparison of a 5 day regimen of cefdinir with a 10 day regimen of cefprozil for treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis were treated with cefdinir 300 mg bd for 5 days or cefprozil 500 mg bd for 10 days in a prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicentre study. of the 548 patients enrolled, 281 (51%) were evaluable. the clinical cure rates at the test-of-cure visit were 80% (114/142) and 72% (100/139) for the evaluable patients treated with cefdinir and cefprozil, respectively. respiratory tract pathogens were isolated from 409 (75%) of 548 admission spu ... | 2000 | 10837440 |
| substituent effects on the antibacterial activity of nitrogen-carbon-linked (azolylphenyl)oxazolidinones with expanded activity against the fastidious gram-negative organisms haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. | a series of new nitrogen-carbon-linked (azolylphenyl)oxazolidinone antibacterial agents has been prepared in an effort to expand the spectrum of activity of this class of antibiotics to include gram-negative organisms. pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, and tetrazole moieties have been used to replace the morpholine ring of linezolid (2). these changes resulted in the preparation of compounds with good activity against the fastidious gram-negative organisms haemophilus influenzae and moraxe ... | 2000 | 10715160 |
| microbiology of healthy and diseased adenoids. | to determine the qualitative and quantitative microbiology of core adenoid tissue obtained from four groups of 15 children each, with recurrent otitis media (rom), recurrent adenotonsillitis (rat), obstructive adenoid hypertrophy (oah), and occlusion or speech abnormalities (controls). | 2000 | 10852520 |
| gemifloxacin. | gemifloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which has an enhanced affinity for topoisomerase i.v.. it has potent activity against most gram-positive bacteria, particularly streptococcus pneumoniae. gemifloxacin is over 30-fold more active than ciprofloxacin and 4- to 8-fold more active than moxifloxacin against this pathogen. gemifloxacin has excellent activity against haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis, and is unaffected by beta-lactamase production. it is generally 2-fo ... | 2000 | 10852645 |
| [national multicenter study of the in vitro activity of moxifloxacin against respiratory tract pathogens. spanish study group on moxifloxacin]. | the activity of moxifloxacin, a novel 8-methoxyquinolone, was evaluated against 1,218 respiratory pathogens isolated in nine spanish hospitals and was compared with ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefuroxime, erythromycin and clarithromycin. moxifloxacin exhibited an excellent in vitro activity against most tested isolates with mic90 values of 0.25 mg/l for streptococcus pneumoniae and viridans group streptococci; 0.12 mg/l for streptococcus pyogenes; 0.25 ... | 2000 | 10855023 |