Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| the effects of xalatan on the recovery of ocular herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) in the induced reactivation and spontaneous shedding rabbit models. | xalatan treatment has been reported both clinically and experimentally to promote recurrences of herpetic keratitis. our goal was to determine the effects of topical xalatan and its components on the recovery of ocular herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) in the induced reactivation (ir) and spontaneous shedding (ss) hsv-1/nzw rabbit latency models using virological outcome measures. | 2003 | 12828841 |
| structure-based mutagenesis of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d defines three critical regions at the gd-hvea/hvem binding interface. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) entry into cells requires the binding of glycoprotein d (gd) to one of several cell surface receptors. the crystal structure of gd bound to one of these receptors, hvea/hvem, reveals that the core of gd comprises an immunoglobulin fold flanked by a long c-terminal extension and an n-terminal hairpin loop. hvea is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family and contains four cysteine-rich domains (crds) characteristic of this family. fourteen amino acids withi ... | 2003 | 12829851 |
| acute retinal necrosis following epidural steroid injections. | to report a side effect of epidural corticosteroid injections for back pain. | 2003 | 12834695 |
| in vitro antiviral activities of caesalpinia pulcherrima and its related flavonoids. | the aim of this study was to search for new antiviral agents from chinese herbal medicine. pure flavonoids and aqueous extracts of caesalpinia pulcherrima swartz were used in experiments to test their influence on a series of viruses, namely herpesviruses (hsv-1, hsv-2) and adenoviruses (adv-3, adv-8, adv-11). the ec50 was defined as the concentration required to achieve 50% protection against virus-induced cytopathic effects, and the selectivity index (si) was determined as the ratio of cc50 (c ... | 2003 | 12837746 |
| "translocatory proteins" and "protein transduction domains": a critical analysis of their biological effects and the underlying mechanisms. | it has been suggested that several proteins, termed "translocatory" or "messenger" proteins, can move between living cells-exiting the cell of synthesis via an uncharacterized secretory pathway and entering adjacent cells by a nonendocytic mechanism that is active even at 4 degrees c. these activities, which have been mapped to short, highly basic regions termed "protein transduction domains" (ptds), have engendered considerable interest in the gene therapy and vaccine research communities. if t ... | 2003 | 12842424 |
| [antiviral activity of some 5-arylethynyl 2'-deoxyuridine derivatives]. | 5-(3-perylenylethynyl)-2'-deoxyuridine was prepared by cross-linking 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine derivatives with 3-ethynylperylene followed by deprotection. 5-(1-perylenylethynyl)-, 5-(3-perylenylethynyl)-, and 5-[4-(2-benzoxazolyl)phenylethynyl]-2'-deoxyuridine were found to inhibit in vero cells the replication of type 1 herpes simplex virus and its drug-resistant strains. | 2003 | 12845804 |
| blocking 4-1bb/4-1bb ligand interactions prevents herpetic stromal keratitis. | herpetic stromal keratitis (hsk) is a chronic inflammatory process in corneal stroma that results from recurrent hsv type 1 infection. we used the murine model of hsk to demonstrate the importance of the interaction between an inducible t cell costimulatory receptor, 4-1bb, and its ligand, 4-1bb ligand (4-1bbl), in the development of this disease. in balb/c mice, hsk ordinarily induced by infection with the re strain of herpes was prevented by blocking 4-1bb/4-1bbl interaction, either by deletin ... | 2003 | 12847221 |
| ras signalling pathway: a gateway for hsv-1 infection. | 2003 | 12847302 | |
| the degradation of promyelocytic leukemia and sp100 proteins by herpes simplex virus 1 is mediated by the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme ubch5a. | infected cell protein 0 (icp0) of herpes simplex virus 1 expresses two e3 ubiquitin (ub) ligase activities mapping in the domains encoded by exons 2 and 3, respectively. site 1 (exon 3) is responsible for the degradation of the e2 ub-conjugating enzyme cdc34 whereas site 2 (exon 2) is associated with a ring finger and has been shown to mediate the degradation of promyelocytic leukemia (pml) and sp100 proteins and the dispersal of nuclear domain 10 (nd10). in in vitro assays site 2 polyubiquityla ... | 2003 | 12855769 |
| development of a novel non-human primate model for preclinical gene vector safety studies. determining the effects of intracerebral hsv-1 inoculation in the common marmoset: a comparative study. | the owl monkey (aotus trivirgatus) has served as the standard non-human primate model of herpes simplex virus-1 (hsv-1) infection because it is highly susceptible to hsv-1 encephalitis. owl monkeys, however, are expensive, difficult to obtain, and difficult to maintain in captivity, thus greatly hampering the efficiency of preclinical gene therapy trials for brain tumors using hsv-1-based vectors. we have therefore compared the susceptibility of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) with the ... | 2003 | 12858187 |
| genotyping of herpes simplex virus type 1 strains isolated from ocular materials of patients with herpetic keratitis. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) is the etiological agent of herpetic keratitis. the epithelial form ("epithelial keratitis") is attributed mainly to destruction of the epithelium through active viral replication within the epithelium. the stromal form ("stromal keratitis") is associated with immune reactions within the stroma and is the common cause of human blindness. in the present study, 29 hsv-1 strains isolated from human ocular materials of herpetic keratitis were classified into 14 ge ... | 2003 | 12858412 |
| the dual role of cd8+ t lymphocytes in the development of stress-induced herpes simplex encephalitis. | despite the generally restrictive nature of the blood-brain barrier (bbb), circulating lymphocytes can infiltrate into the central nervous system (cns) during a variety of disease states. although the contributions of these lymphocytes to cns-associated disease have been identified in some viral models, the factors which govern this infiltration following herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection remain to be elucidated. we have developed a murine model of hsv encephalitis (hse) to define the relatio ... | 2003 | 12864968 |
| antiviral activity of n-benzoylphenylisoserinates of lactarius sesquiterpenoid alcohols in vitro. | cytotoxic, antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal properties of a new, originally synthesised group of compounds: the n-benzoylphenylisoserinates of sesquiterpenoid alcohols - derivatives of taxol and various sesquiterpenes of lactarius origin were evaluated in vitro. among 16 compounds tested, 6 decreased hsv-1 titres. selectivity indices ranged from 13.9 to 31.7. no activity against rna viruses (parainfluenza 3, coxsackie b3, vesicular stomatitis virus, and encephalomyocarditis virus), bacter ... | 2003 | 12865976 |
| [inhibition effects of rhubarb ethanol extract on herpes simplex virus infection in vivo]. | to know the anti-viral effects of rhubarb ethanol extract (ree) on herpes simplex virus(hsv) infection in vivo. | 2003 | 12870003 |
| [evaluation on reducing effect of eye drop on herpes simplex virus-i in vitro]. | to observe the effect of herbal eye drop reduqing (clearing toxic heat) on herpes simplex virus (hsv) on the cytopathic effect in cell culture in vitro. | 2003 | 12870006 |
| do infectious agents play a role in dementia? | 2003 | 12875814 | |
| role of acyclovir gel in herpes simplex: clinical implications. | acyclovir (acy) is effective in the treatment of herpes simplex (hsv-1) & (hsv-2) but has systemic toxic effects if given orally or intravenously. acy has not been used to treat the disease topically due to poor drug penetration into skin. a novel 1% liposomal acy topical gel in a 5% hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (hpmc) k4m gel base has been developed and clinically evaluated in hsv-1 and hsv-2 patients. | 2003 | 12883465 |
| hsv-1 amplicon vector-mediated expression of atm cdna and correction of the ataxia-telangiectasia cellular phenotype. | ataxia-telangiectasia (a-t) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by neurodegeneration, immunodeficiency, cancer predisposition, genome instability, and radiation sensitivity. previous research has shown that it is possible to correct the hereditary deficiency a-t by dna transfection in cell culture, but the large size of the atm cdna (9 kb) limits the use of many vector types for gene replacement. hsv-1 amplicon vectors provide a means to deliver large genes to cells efficiently and ... | 2003 | 12883528 |
| pml residue lysine 160 is required for the degradation of pml induced by herpes simplex virus type 1 regulatory protein icp0. | during the early stages of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection, viral immediate-early regulatory protein icp0 localizes to and disrupts cellular nuclear structures known as pml nuclear bodies or nd10. these activities correlate with the functions of icp0 in stimulating lytic infection and reactivating quiescent hsv-1. the disruption of nd10 occurs because icp0 induces the loss of the sumo-1-modified forms of pml and the subsequent proteasome-mediated degradation of the pml protein. the ... | 2003 | 12885887 |
| cellular localization of nectin-1 and glycoprotein d during herpes simplex virus infection. | during viral entry, herpes simplex virus (hsv) glycoprotein d (gd) interacts with a specific cellular receptor such as nectin-1 (prr1/hvec/cd111) or the herpesvirus entry mediator a (hvem/hvea). nectin-1 is involved in cell-to-cell adhesion. it is located at adherens junctions, where it bridges cells through homophilic or heterophilic interactions with other nectins. binding of hsv gd prevents nectin-1-mediated cell aggregation. since hsv gd affects the natural function of nectin-1, we further i ... | 2003 | 12885915 |
| establishment and maintenance of hsv latent infection is mediated through correct splicing of the lat primary transcript. | to study the effect of the splicing of hsv-1 latency-associated transcript (lat) on viral latency, we constructed two mutant viruses (fhlambda+ and fhlambda-) in which the 168-bp hpai-hpai fragment within the 2-kb lat intron was replaced by a 447-bp bacteriophage lambda sequence. the lambda dna was inserted in opposite orientations in fhlambda+ and fhlambda-. the mutation in fhlambda+ disrupted the splicing of lat primary transcript and altered both lat exon and intron, whereas the mutation in f ... | 2003 | 12890636 |
| herpes simplex encephalitis. | 2003 | 12892957 | |
| development of novel selective cell ablation in the mammary gland and brain to study cell-cell interactions and chemoprevention. | we have generated transgenic mice which express the gene encoding escherichia coli nitroreductase (ntr) specifically in the luminal epithelial cells of the mammary gland and the glial cells of the brain. the enzyme activates an antitumour drug cb 1954, to produce a cross-linking agent that kills all cells expressing the enzyme. we have shown that administration of the antitumour drug cb 1954 rapidly and selectively kills these cells. original experiments demonstrated the ability to ablate the lu ... | 2003 | 12903841 |
| the herpes simplex virus (hsv) protein icp34.5 is a virion component that forms a dna-binding complex with proliferating cell nuclear antigen and hsv replication proteins. | the replicative ability of icp34.5-null herpes simplex virus (hsv) is cell type and state dependent. in certain cells, icp34.5 interacts with protein phosphatase 1 to preclude host cell protein synthesis shutoff by dephosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor eif-2alpha. however, host cell shutoff is not induced by icp34.5-null hsv in most cells, irrespective of type and state. in general, dividing cells support replication of icp34.5-null hsv; nondividing cells cannot. previously the a ... | 2003 | 12907392 |
| photodynamic inhibition of infection caused by drug-resistant variants of herpes simplex virus type i. | membranotropic amphiphilic chromophore merocyanine 540 sensitized photodynamic inhibition of drug-resistant and sensitive variants of type i herpes simplex virus in cultured vero cell. optimal conditions of photodamage to virus particles and infected cells were determined (merocyanine 540 concentration 1 microm, illumination dose 32.5-65.0 kj/m(2), exposure at early stages of infection). infected cells actively bind the photosensitizer, which explains their selective photodamage. | 2003 | 12910315 |
| association of the herpes simplex virus type 1 us11 gene product with the cellular kinesin light-chain-related protein pat1 results in the redistribution of both polypeptides. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) us11 gene encodes a multifunctional double-stranded rna (dsrna)-binding protein that is expressed late in infection and packaged into the tegument layer of the virus particle. as a tegument component, us11 associates with nascent capsids after its synthesis late in the infectious cycle and is delivered into newly infected cells at times prior to the expression of viral genes. us11 is also an abundant late protein that regulates translation through its asso ... | 2003 | 12915535 |
| mutations in the n termini of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 gds alter functional interactions with the entry/fusion receptors hvem, nectin-2, and 3-o-sulfated heparan sulfate but not with nectin-1. | multiple cell surface molecules (herpesvirus entry mediator [hvem], nectin-1, nectin-2, and 3-o-sulfated heparan sulfate) can serve as entry receptors for herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) or hsv-2 and also as receptors for virus-induced cell fusion. viral glycoprotein d (gd) is the ligand for these receptors. a previous study showed that hvem makes contact with hsv-1 gd at regions within amino acids 7 to 15 and 24 to 32 at the n terminus of gd. in the present study, amino acid substitutions a ... | 2003 | 12915538 |
| existence of transdominant and potentiating mutants of ul9, the herpes simplex virus type 1 origin-binding protein, suggests that levels of ul9 protein may be regulated during infection. | ul9 is a multifunctional protein required for herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) replication in vivo. ul9 is a member of the superfamily ii helicases and exhibits helicase and origin-binding activities. we have previously shown that mutations in the conserved helicase motifs of ul9 can have either a transdominant or potentiating effect on the plaque-forming ability of infectious dna from wild-type virus (a. j. malik and s. k. weller, j. virol. 70:7859-7866, 1996). in this paper, the mechanisms ... | 2003 | 12915576 |
| differences in the n termini of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 gds that influence functional interactions with the human entry receptor nectin-2 and an entry receptor expressed in chinese hamster ovary cells. | amino acid differences at seven positions in the n termini of the glycoproteins d (gds) specified by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and hsv-2 are largely responsible for the significantly higher cell fusion activity of hsv-2 gd with chinese hamster ovary cells expressing human nectin-2 or only an endogenous hamster receptor. | 2003 | 12915581 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 tegument protein vp22 interacts with taf-i proteins and inhibits nucleosome assembly but not regulation of histone acetylation by inhat. | affinity chromatography was used to identify cellular proteins that interact with the herpes simplex virus (hsv) tegument protein vp22. among a small set of proteins that bind specifically to vp22, we identified taf-i (template-activating factor i), a chromatin remodelling protein and close homologue of the histone chaperone protein nap-1. taf-i has been shown previously to promote more ordered transfer of histones to naked dna through a direct interaction with histones. taf-i, as a subunit of t ... | 2003 | 12917472 |
| immunopathogenesis and prevention of uveitis with the behçet's disease-specific peptide linked to cholera toxin b. | 2003 | 12918685 | |
| acute cerebellitis caused by herpes simplex virus type 1. | cerebellar disorders due to herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection are rare and always associated with herpes simplex encephalitis. we report 2 cases of severe primary acute cerebellitis caused by hsv type 1 that were identified by nested polymerase chain reaction performed on cerebrospinal fluid samples. | 2003 | 12539091 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 inoculation enhances hippocampal excitability and seizure susceptibility in mice. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) is the major pathogen related to epilepsy. however, little is known about the pathogenesis of hsv-1-associated epilepsy. here, we report that corneal inoculation of mice with hsv-1 induces acute spontaneous behavioural and electrophysiological seizures and chronically increases hippocampal excitability and seizure susceptibility. in slices from infected mice, the surviving hippocampal ca3 pyramidal neurons exhibited a more depolarizing resting membrane potenti ... | 2003 | 14686902 |
| encephalitis in taiwan: a prospective hospital-based study. | to investigate encephalitis in taiwan, a multicenter study was conducted with patients who had acute severe neurological dysfunction and suspected encephalitis from may 2000 to december 2001. demographic data such as age, sex, and seasons were analyzed. polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed to determine the microbiologic diagnosis. the patients included 73 males and 54 females, with a peak age of 10-40 years old. microbiologic diagnoses in 86 (69%) of 124 cases involved herpes simple ... | 2003 | 14695429 |
| overexpression of gk in gk-transformed cells collapses the golgi apparatus into the endoplasmic reticulum inhibiting virion egress, glycoprotein transport, and virus-induced cell fusion. | intracellular transport and egress of alphaherpesviruses require the coordinate function of multiple proteins and glycoproteins. recently, we showed that gk is expressed on infected cell surfaces and that gk cell-surface expression required the presence of the ul20 protein [j. virol. 77 (2003), 499]. overexpression of gk by gk-transformed cells blocked transport of enveloped virions from perinuclear spaces and inhibited virus-induced cell fusion caused by gk syncytial mutants [j. virol. 69 (1995 ... | 2003 | 14698663 |
| cold sore fact sheet--a basic review. | 2003 | 14705405 | |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of 2-substituted analogs of triciribine. | triciribine (tcn) and triciribine monophosphate (tcn-p) have antiviral and antineoplastic activity at low or submicromolar concentrations. in an effort to improve and better understand this activity, we have conducted a structure-activity relationship study to explore the effect of substitutions at the 2-position of triciribine. 2-methyl- (2-me-tcn), 2-ethyl- (2-et-tcn), 2-phenyl- (2-ph-tcn), 2-chloro- (2-cl-tcn), and 2-aminotriciribine (2-nh2-tcn) were designed and synthesized to determine the ... | 2003 | 14714765 |
| synthesis and antiviral evaluation of novel 3'- and 4'-doubly branched carbocyclic nucleosides as potential antiviral agents. | a series of 3'- and 4'-branched carbocyclic nucleosides 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 and 30 were synthesized starting from simple acyclic ketone derivatives. the construction of the required quaternary carbon was made using a [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement. in addition, the installation of a methyl group in the 3'-position was accomplished using a horner-wadsworth-emmons (hwe) reaction with triethyl 2-phosphonopropionate. bis-vinyl was successfully cyclized using a grubbs' catalyst (ii). natural bases (a ... | 2003 | 14723348 |
| [in vitro experimental study of gene therapy for ovarian cancer with thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus mediated by a non-viral ge7 delivery system]. | to investigate gene transfer efficiency of a novel target non-viral vector ge7 and effects of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (hsv(1)-tk)/ganciclovir (gcv) mediated by it in vitro. | 2003 | 14728867 |
| efficacy of lentivirus-mediated and muc1 antibody-targeted vp22-tk/gcv suicide gene therapy for ovarian cancer. | transfer of the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (hsv-tk) gene into tumor cells using virus-based vectors in conjunction with ganciclovir (gcv) exposure provides a potential gene therapy strategy for the treatment of cancer. effective gene therapy depends on the efficient transfer and specific targeting of therapeutic genes and their protein products to target cells. the purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-tumor effect of lentivirus-mediated and muc1 antibody-targeted v ... | 2003 | 12792977 |
| relationship of herpes simplex virus genome configuration to productive and persistent infections. | infection of susceptible cells by herpes simplex virus (hsv) can lead to productive infection or to latency, where the genomes persist in the nuclei of peripheral neurons in a quiescent state. using the hsv strain d109, which does not express any viral genes and thus establishes a quiescent state in most cells, we observed that a fraction of genomes circularized upon infection. the expression of infected cell protein (icp) 0, which is known to be involved in reactivation from latency and the pro ... | 2003 | 12796511 |
| total vascular exclusion of the liver enhances the efficacy of retroviral-mediated associated thymidine kinase and interleukin-2 genes transfer against multiple hepatic tumors in rats. | recent advances in gene transfer technology render gene therapy an attractive treatment of disseminated liver metastases for which other treatments remain disappointing. in this setting, total vascular exclusion of the liver could improve gene transfer to cancer cells and prevent extrahepatic vector spreading during portal infusion of therapeutic genes. we evaluate the efficiency of combined herpes simplex virus type-1 thymidine kinase (hsv1-tk) and interleukin-2 retrovirus-mediated gene transfe ... | 2003 | 12796736 |
| in vitro thymidine kinase/ganciclovir-based suicide gene therapy using replication defective herpes simplex virus-1 against leukemic b-cell malignancies (mcl, hcl, b-cll). | a replication defective herpes simplex virus-1 was evaluated as a therapeutic vector. mantle cell lymphoma (mcl), hairy cell leukemia (hcl), and b-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (b-cll) were chosen because leukemic cells were collectable from peripheral bloods in these diseases. cells from six mcl, one hcl, and nine b-cll were infected in vitro with t0z.1 at 3 multiplicity of infection (moi). herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (hsv-tk)/ganciclovir (gcv)-mediated suicide gene therapy showed ... | 2003 | 12801527 |
| detection of immediate early protein icp27/ie63 and thymidine kinase in the course of reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus 1 infection. | we followed the kinetics of reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) infection established in rabbits by corneal route. the corresponding trigeminal ganglia (tg) were cultured and the culture medium was examined at daily intervals for release of infectious virus. sections from the cultured tg fragments were stained with antisera against non-structural proteins such as the immediate early (ie) protein icp27 and the early (e) proteins thymidine kinase (tk), the large subunit of ribonu ... | 2003 | 14658844 |
| ctl are inactivated by herpes simplex virus-infected cells expressing a viral protein kinase. | numerous cell-to-cell signals tightly regulate ctl function. human fibroblasts infected with hsv type 1 or 2 can generate such a signal and inactivate human ctl. inactivated ctl lose their ability to release cytotoxic granules and synthesize cytokines when triggered through the tcr. inactivation requires cell-to-cell contact between ctl and hsv-infected cells. however, inactivated ctl are not infected with hsv. the inactivation of ctl is sustainable, as ctl function remains impaired when the ctl ... | 2003 | 14662877 |
| [evaluation of the metabolic state and functional activity of immunocompetent cells in children with relapsing herpetic viral infection]. | specific features of the immune response were studied (during the clinical remission period) in 40 children (aged 3 to 6) with a relapsing herpes viral infection (rhvi). the following was established: an increased relative and absolute quantity of lymphocytes, a reduced percentage content of cd+ and an increased absolute count of cd+ in the peripheral blood. changes in the immunity humoral chain manifested themselves by an increased content of class g immunoglobulins and of circulating immune co ... | 2003 | 12688209 |
| long term antiviral suppression after treatment for neonatal herpes infection. | 2003 | 12690281 | |
| correction of a rat model of parkinson's disease by coexpression of tyrosine hydroxylase and aromatic amino acid decarboxylase from a helper virus-free herpes simplex virus type 1 vector. | we previously reported long-term biochemical and behavioral correction of the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-ohda) rat model of parkinson's disease (pd) by expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (th) in the partially denervated striatum, using a herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) vector. this study had a number of limitations, including the use of a helper virus packaging system, limited long-term expression, and expression of only th. to address these issues, we developed a helper virus-free packaging syste ... | 2003 | 12691607 |
| analysis of the role of the membrane-spanning and cytoplasmic tail domains of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein d in membrane fusion. | glycoprotein d (gd) of herpes simplex virus type 1 is a type 1 membrane protein in the virus envelope that binds to receptor molecules on the cell surface and which induces cell-cell fusion when co-expressed with gb, gh and gl. a chimeric gd molecule in which the membrane anchor and cytoplasmic tail domains were replaced with analogous regions from the human cd8 molecule was as competent as wild-type gd at mediating membrane fusion and virus entry. however, when gd was tethered to the membrane b ... | 2003 | 12692272 |
| transfer of fgf-2 via hsv-1-based amplicon vectors promotes efficient formation of neurons from embryonic stem cells. | the manipulation of embryonic stem (es) cells has a great potential to create cell populations useful for tissue replacement and regeneration of organs. the acquirement of specific cell fates and differentiation into specialized cell types may be obtained by the application of specific growth factors. fibroblast growth factor 2 (fgf-2) has been used for the formation of es cell-derived cns stem cells. in order to achieve high efficiency of gene delivery into stem cells, the use of viral vectors ... | 2003 | 12581849 |
| a single amino acid substitution in herpes simplex virus type 1 vp16 inhibits binding to the virion host shutoff protein and is incompatible with virus growth. | in addition to its well-established role in the activation of herpes simplex virus immediate-early gene transcription, vp16 interacts with and downregulates the function of the virion host shutoff protein (vhs), thereby attenuating vhs-mediated destruction of viral mrnas and translational arrest at late times of infection. we have carried out two-hybrid analysis in vivo and protein-protein interaction assays in vitro to identify determinants in vp16 necessary for interaction with vhs. the minima ... | 2003 | 12584313 |
| exonuclease-deficient polymerase mutant of herpes simplex virus type 1 induces altered spectra of mutations. | the effect of exonuclease activity of the herpes simplex virus dna polymerase (pol) on dna replication fidelity was examined by using the supf mutagenesis assay. the recombinants with exonuclease-deficient pol, containing an integrated supf gene in the thymidine kinase locus (tk), exhibited supf mutation frequencies ranging from 0.14 to 5.6%, consistent with the tk mutation frequencies reported previously (y. t. hwang, b.-y. liu, d. m. coen, and c. b. c. hwang, j. virol. 71:7791-7798, 1997). the ... | 2003 | 12584319 |
| entry of herpes simplex virus type 1 into primary sensory neurons in vitro is mediated by nectin-1/hvec. | primary cultures of rat and mouse sensory neurons were used to study the entry of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). soluble, truncated nectin-1 but not hvea prevented viral entry. antibodies against nectin-1 also blocked infection of rat neurons. these results indicate that nectin-1 is the primary receptor for hsv-1 infection of sensory neurons. | 2003 | 12584355 |
| cytologic detection of cryptococcosis coexisting with herpes simplex virus infection in sputum: use of liquid-based, thin-layer preparations. | 2003 | 12585041 | |
| herpes simplex and aphthous ulcerations: presentation, diagnosis and management--an update. | the most common pathologic alterations seen by dentists are oral mucosal ulcerations, particularly those related to the herpes simplex virus and those produced by the autoimmune phenomenon known as recurrent aphthous stomatitis. because the general frequency and clinical similarity of these conditions often make it difficult to distinguish one from the other, therapeutic intervention may be inappropriate. an improved understanding of the virologic and local immunologic alterations within the ora ... | 2003 | 15055647 |
| up-regulation of gadd34 mediates the synergistic anticancer activity of mitomycin c and a gamma134.5 deleted oncolytic herpes virus (g207). | oncolytic viruses used for gene therapy have been genetically modified to selectively target tumor cells while sparing normal host tissue. the multimutant virus g207 has been attenuated by inactivation of viral ribonucleotide reductase and by deletion of both viral gamma134.5 genes. deletion of gamma134.5 greatly decreases the neurovirulence of this mutant virus but also reduces its antitumor efficacy. the mammalian homologue to the gamma134.5 gene product is the gadd34 protein. this protein can ... | 2004 | 15059970 |
| treatment efficiency of a suicide gene therapy using prostate-specific membrane antigen promoter/enhancer in a castrated mouse model of prostate cancer. | suicide gene therapy has potential for the treatment of prostate cancer under conditions of androgen deprivation. we show here that the combination of promoter/enhancer of prostate-specific membrane antigen (pepm) and the cre-loxp system is a good method to express a suicide gene, namely herpes virus thymidine kinase (tk), in prostate cancer cells. we have examined this system in a castration model in vivo, in comparison with a prostate-specific antigen promoter/enhancer system (pp). in the cast ... | 2004 | 15072597 |
| surveillance of respiratory viral infections among pediatric outpatients in northern taiwan. | viruses are a frequent cause of upper respiratory tract infections in children. like taiwan, there were few virological surveillance systems for respiratory viral infections among children in developing countries. | 2004 | 15072759 |
| culture-proven herpetic keratitis after penetrating keratoplasty in patients with no previous history of herpes disease. | to report three cases of herpetic infection in recipients of organ-cultured donor corneas among 586 consecutive corneal transplantation procedures. | 2004 | 15075879 |
| discovery of a second form of tripartite complex containing gh-gl of human herpesvirus 6 and observations on cd46. | the human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) glycoprotein h (gh)-glycoprotein l (gl) complex associates with glycoprotein q (gq) (y. mori, p. akkapaiboon, x. yang, and k. yamanishi, j. virol. 77:2452-2458, 2003), and the gh-gl-gq complex interacts with human cd46 (y. mori, x. yang, p. akkapaiboon, t. okuno, and k. yamanishi, j. virol. 77:4992-4999, 2003). here, we show that the hhv-6 u47 gene, which is a positional homolog of the human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein o (go) gene, encodes a third component of th ... | 2004 | 15078943 |
| real time pcr for monitoring regulation of host gene expression in herpes simplex virus type 1-infected human diploid cells. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) induces prominent shifts in the rates of transcription of host cellular genes of relevance for the outcome of the viral infection. the quantitative analysis of transcription may be obscured by virus-induced alterations in the levels of rna encoded by cellular housekeeping genes that are used commonly for normalisation of real time reverse transcription pcr (rt-qpcr). in the present study, we analysed beta-actin, gapdh and 18s rrna for their usefulness in norma ... | 2004 | 15081603 |
| seroepidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 in western and southern switzerland in adults aged 25-74 in 1992-93: a population-based study. | genital herpes is one of the most prevalent sexually-transmitted diseases, and accounts for a substantial morbidity. genital herpes puts newborns at risk for very severe disease and also increases the risk of horizontal hiv transmission. it thus stands as an important public health problem. the recent availability of type-specific gg-based assays detecting igg against hsv-1 and hsv-2 allows to establish the prevalence of each subtype. worldwide, few data have been published regarding the seropre ... | 2004 | 15113449 |
| wide variations in herpes simplex virus type 1 inoculum dose and latency-associated transcript expression phenotype do not alter the establishment of latency in the rabbit eye model. | the latency-associated transcript (lat) is required for efficient reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 from latent infection in the rabbit eye model, but lat's mechanism of action is unknown. in addition to reactivation, the lat region seems to correspond to multiple functions, with some lat deletion mutants exhibiting increased virulence, increased neuronal death, and restricted establishment of latency. while a lat promoter deletion mutant (17deltapst) seems to be primarily restricted i ... | 2004 | 15113885 |
| herpes simplex virus: an occupational hazard in dentistry. | approximately 70% of the population in the western world become infected with the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) by the second decade of life. this review discusses the role of the hsv-1 as a potential occupational hazard for dental workers, focusing on herpes labialis, herpetic whitlow and keratitis. the risks associated with the dental treatment of patients with hsv-1, both from the perspective of the clinician and the patient are presented. procedures for minimising the impact of hsv-1 w ... | 2004 | 15119801 |
| dendritic cells from mice neonatally vaccinated with modified vaccinia virus ankara transfer resistance against herpes simplex virus type i to naive one-week-old mice. | modified vaccinia ankara (mva) is an attenuated virus. mva induces the production of ifn and flt3-l (fl), which results in the expansion of dendritic cells (dc) and enhanced resistance against viral infections. we report on the interplay among ifn, fl, and dc in the resistance against heterologous virus after injection of neonatal mice with mva. the induction of serum fl was tested on day 2, and the expansion of dc was tested 1 wk after treatment with mva. at this time point the resistance again ... | 2004 | 15128820 |
| structural and functional features of the polycationic peptide required for inhibition of herpes simplex virus invasion of cells. | glycoprotein c (gc) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) mediates initial virus contact with cells by binding to heparan sulfate (hs) chains. the synthetic peptide 137gsrvqircrfrnstr151 overlapping a major part of the hs-binding site of gc inhibited hsv-1 infection and, to some extent, hsv-2 infection of cells. experiments on mutant, glycosaminoglycan-deficient cells as well as the binding assays involving peptide and purified cell surface components identified hs, and, to a lesser degree, cho ... | 2004 | 15130536 |
| infection with oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1 induces apoptosis in neighboring human cancer cells: a potential target to increase anticancer activity. | the antitumor efficacy of a herpes simplex virus (hsv)-1 oncolytic virus depends on the cytotoxic effect of the virus, but also on viral replication and spread within the tumor. apoptosis is considered a defense mechanism of infected cells that minimizes the spread of viral progeny by limiting cellular production of virus. we sought to determine whether oncolytic hsv-1 infection induces apoptosis in neighboring, uninfected cells and whether manipulation of apoptosis can increase viral replicatio ... | 2004 | 15131064 |
| functional properties of the herpes simplex virus type i origin-binding protein are controlled by precise interactions with the activated form of the origin of dna replication. | the herpes simplex virus, type i origin-binding protein, obp, is a superfamily ii dna helicase encoded by the ul9 gene. obp binds in a sequence-specific and cooperative way to the viral origin of replication oris. obp may unwind partially and introduce a hairpin into the double-stranded origin of replication. the formation of the novel conformation referred to as oris* also requires the single-stranded dna-binding protein, icp8, and atp hydrolysis. obp forms a stable complex with oris*. the hair ... | 2004 | 15133043 |
| a novel class of phosphonate nucleosides. 9-[(1-phosphonomethoxycyclopropyl)methyl]guanine as a potent and selective anti-hbv agent. | 9-[1-(phosphonomethoxycyclopropyl)methyl]guanine (pmcg, 1), representative of a novel class of phosphonate nucleosides, blocks hbv replication with excellent potency (ec(50) = 0.5 microm) in a primary culture of hepg2 2.2.15 cells. it exhibits no significant cytotoxicity in several human cell lines up to 1.0 mm. it does not inhibit replication of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) or herpes simplex virus (hsv-1) at 30 microm. many purine base analogues of 1 also exhibit inhibitory activity aga ... | 2004 | 15139764 |
| conformational changes in the nuclear lamina induced by herpes simplex virus type 1 require genes u(l)31 and u(l)34. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) u(l)31 and u(l)34 proteins are dependent on each other for proper targeting to the nuclear membrane and are required for efficient envelopment of nucleocapsids at the inner nuclear membrane. in this work, we show that whereas the solubility of lamins a and c (lamin a/c) was not markedly increased, hsv induced conformational changes in the nuclear lamina of infected cells, as viewed after staining with three different lamin a/c-specific antibodies. in one c ... | 2004 | 15140953 |
| the dominant-negative herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) recombinant cj83193 can serve as an effective vaccine against wild-type hsv-1 infection in mice. | by selectively regulating the expression of the trans-dominant-negative mutant polypeptide ul9-c535c, of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) origin binding protein ul9 with the tetracycline repressor (tetr)-mediated gene switch, we recently generated a novel replication-defective and anti-hsv-specific hsv-1 recombinant, cj83193. the ul9-c535c peptides expressed by cj83193 can function as a potent intracellular therapy against its own replication, as well as the replication of wild-type hsv-1 and ... | 2004 | 15140973 |
| glioma-specific and cell cycle-regulated herpes simplex virus type 1 amplicon viral vector. | we have engineered a novel herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-based amplicon viral vector, whereby gene expression is controlled by cell cycle events. in nondividing cells, trans-activation of the cyclin a promoter via interaction of the gal4/nf-ya fusion protein with the gal4-binding sites is prevented by the presence of a repressor protein, cell cycle-dependent factor 1 (cdf-1). cdf-1 is specifically expressed during the g(0)/g(1) phase of the cell cycle and its binding site is located within ... | 2004 | 15144579 |
| high recombination rate in herpes simplex virus type 1 natural populations suggests significant co-infection. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) is highly prevalent in all human populations and has been presumed to evolve in a clonal manner because of a lack of evidence for significant levels of co-infection. different hsv-1 populations have distinct distributions of strains and the long timescale evident from hsv-1 population diversity has led to the suggestion that studies of virus variability may yield information about host population history. in this sequencing study of three segments of the hsv-1 ... | 2004 | 15157629 |
| methods for detecting the hsv-1 lat anti-apoptosis activity in virus infected tissue culture cells. | plasmids expressing the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) latency-associated transcript (lat) reduce apoptosis in transient transfection assays in tissue culture. lat also reduces apoptosis in the context of the virus in trigeminal ganglia of rabbits and mice at approximately 6-7 days post-infection during the switch from acute to latent hsv-1 infection, a time at which lat is the only abundantly transcribed viral gene. analysis of lat's anti-apoptosis function is complicated in tissue culture ... | 2004 | 15158063 |
| hsv excretion after bone marrow transplantation: a 4-year survey. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) oral excretions are common after bone marrow transplantation (bmt). | 2004 | 15163425 |
| toxic effects of bis(thiosemicarbazone) compounds and its palladium(ii) complexes on herpes simplex virus growth. | here, we present data on the activity of benzyl bis(thiosemicarbazone); 3,5-diacyl-1,2,4-triazole bis(4-methylthiosemicarbazone) and their pd(ii) complexes against the replication of wild type and of acyclovir (acv)-resistant, herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv 1) and type 2 (hsv 2) strains. the data were compared to those under the action of acyclovir. the testing of cytotoxic activity suggests that these compounds may be endowed with important antiviral properties. it is interesting to note that ... | 2004 | 15163546 |
| differential cellular requirements for activation of herpes simplex virus type 1 early (tk) and late (gc) promoters by icp4. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early protein, icp4, activates the transcription of viral early and late genes and is essential for viral growth. it has been shown to bind dna and interact with components of the general transcription machinery to activate or repress viral transcription, depending upon promoter context. since early and late gene promoters have different architectures and cellular metabolism may be very different at early and late times after infection, the cellular requ ... | 2004 | 15163709 |
| induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 by herpes simplex virus type 1 contributes to inhibition of the interferon signaling pathway. | we showed previously that herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) suppresses the interferon (ifn) signaling pathway during the early infection stage in the human amnion cell line fl. hsv-1 inhibits the ifn-induced phosphorylation of janus kinases (jak) in infected fl cells. in the present study, we showed that the suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (socs3), a host negative regulator of the jak/stat pathway, is rapidly induced in fl cells after hsv-1 infection. maximal levels of socs3 protein were de ... | 2004 | 15163721 |
| ability of the human cytomegalovirus ie1 protein to modulate sumoylation of pml correlates with its functional activities in transcriptional regulation and infectivity in cultured fibroblast cells. | in one of the earliest events in human cytomegalovirus (hcmv)-infected cells, the major immediate-early (ie) protein ie1 initially targets to and then disrupts the nuclear structures known as pml oncogenic domains (pods) or nuclear domain 10. recent studies have suggested that modification of pml by sumo is essential to form pods and that ie1 both binds to pml and may disrupt pods by preventing or removing sumo adducts on pml. in this study, we showed that in contrast to herpes simplex virus typ ... | 2004 | 15163746 |
| distinct migrating and nonmigrating dendritic cell populations are involved in mhc class i-restricted antigen presentation after lung infection with virus. | during lung infection with virus, airway-derived dendritic cells (dc) have been thought to be the dominant cell type involved in acquisition, transport, and direct antigen presentation for cytotoxic t lymphocyte priming. contrary to this view, we have found that both an airway-derived cd8alpha(-)cd11b(-) dc subset and distinct cd8alpha(+) lymph node resident dc can present class i-restricted antigens after lung infection with influenza virus or herpes simplex virus 1. presentation by a nonairway ... | 2004 | 15163797 |
| infectious delivery of the 132 kb cdkn2a/cdkn2b genomic dna region results in correctly spliced gene expression and growth suppression in glioma cells. | the expression of genes from genomic loci can be relatively complex, utilizing exonic, intronic and flanking sequences to regulate tissue and developmental specificity. infectious bacterial artificial chromosomes (ibacs) have been shown to deliver and express large genomic loci (up to 135 kb) into primary cells for functional analyses. the delivery of large genomic dna inserts allows the expression of complex loci and of multiple splice variants. herein, we demonstrate for the first time that an ... | 2004 | 15164098 |
| an atypic herpes encephalitis with wallenberg's lateral medullary syndrome and cd receptors deficiency. | herpes simplex encephalitis is a rare complication of herpes virus infections. innate immune mechanisms are the first line of defence encountered by invading infectious agents. a 41-year-old man was admitted to the neurology department with the complaints of fever, headache, vertigo, tinnitus and ataxia. his first brain magnetic resonance imagine showed nodular lesions in the medulla oblongata and the second showed a new left occipital lobe lesion in addition. in sera, herpes simplex virus igg a ... | 2004 | 15168883 |
| predominant type 1 cmv-specific memory t-helper response in humans: evidence for gender differences in cytokine secretion. | cell-mediated memory immune responses to viral antigens are important for protection against viruses causing persistent or acute infections. this study compared the cytokine profile of memory t-helper cells specific for cytomegalovirus (cmv) in healthy cmv-seropositive men and women. the cytokine response reflected t(h)1 bias, with dominant secretion of interferon (ifn)-gamma along with moderate levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (il)-10, and il-2. analyzed by gender, women had h ... | 2004 | 15172447 |
| infiltration of the brain by pathogens causes alzheimer's disease. | despite very numerous studies on alzheimer's disease (ad), especially on amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, little information has been obtained thus on the causes of the disease. evidence is described here that implicates firstly herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1) as a strong risk factor when it is present in brain of carriers of the type 4 allele of the gene for apolipoprotein e (apoe-4). indirect support comes from studies indicating the role of apoe in several diverse diseases of k ... | 2004 | 15172740 |
| nonhuman primates might be highly susceptible to cross-species infectivity by human alpha-herpesviruses. | 2004 | 15176377 | |
| a neuroblastoma-selective suicide gene therapy approach using the tyrosine hydroxylase promoter. | in this study, selective expression of therapeutic transgenes was evaluated in neuroblastoma cells. promoter fragments of the genes for neuron-specific enolase (nsep), tyrosine hydroxylase (thp), and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (dbhp) were studied in neuroblastoma and nonneuronal cell lines by transient transfection experiments using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (facs) analysis of enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) and luciferase (luc+) assay. both reporter gene assays revealed a neu ... | 2004 | 15181182 |
| both soluble and membrane-bound forms of flt3 ligand enhance tumor immunity following "suicide" gene therapy in a murine colon carcinoma model. | in prodrug-activated ("suicide") gene therapy, tumor cells are transfected with the gene for an enzyme that converts an inactive prodrug, such as ganciclovir (gcv), to a toxic compound. transfected cells are killed on administration of gcv, as also are untransfected "bystander" cells. the ability of the dendritic cell stimulatory cytokine flt3 ligand (flt3-l) to modulate prodrug-activated gene therapy has been investigated. transfectants of the murine colon carcinoma mc26 were generated expressi ... | 2004 | 15185012 |
| use of herpesvirus papio 2 as an alternative antigen in immunoblotting assay for b virus diagnosis. | herpesvirus papio 2 (hvp2), which infects baboons, is much more closely related genetically and antigenically to monkey b virus (bv) than to human herpes simplex virus 1(hsv1) and other related herpes viruses. the usefulness of hvp2 as an alternative test antigen in immunoblotting assays to detect bv-antibody in macaque monkey sera was assessed. six hvp2 proteins reacted with bv-positive sera in immunoblotting. no specific bands could be detected with bv-negative sera. these results show the use ... | 2004 | 15187363 |
| synthesis of aldehydo-sugar derivatives of pyrazoloquinoline as inhibitors of herpes simplex virus type 1 replication. | synthesis of a novel series of structurally related pyrazoloquinoline nucleosides is described. all the newly synthesized compounds were examined for their in vitro antiviral activity against herpes simplex type-1 as shown by two different bioassays, namely; crystal violet staining or the mts tetrazolium dye measurement. the acute toxicity (ld50) values of the biologically active compounds were determined. | 2004 | 15202490 |
| herpesviral-bacterial interrelationships in aggressive periodontitis. | recent findings have begun to provide a basis for a causal link between herpesviruses and aggressive periodontitis. one theory is that herpesviruses cooperate with specific bacteria in the etiopathogenesis of the disease. this study examined whether the presence of herpesviruses [human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), epstein-barr virus (ebv) type 1, herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 and 2] is associated with the presence of putative pathogenic bacteria (porphyromonas gingivalis, prevotella intermedia, t ... | 2004 | 15206912 |
| a human cellular protein activity (of-1), which binds herpes simplex virus type 1 origin, contains the ku70/ku80 heterodimer. | in an effort to identify host proteins involved in herpes simplex virus type 1 replication, monkey and human cellular protein activities (called of-1) that bind the viral replication origin, oris, have been described. we show by mass spectrometry that the dna-binding component of human of-1 contains ku70 and ku80 proteins. | 2004 | 15220460 |
| detection of multiple human herpes viruses by dna microarray technology. | the detailed characterization of virus dna is a challenge, and the genotyping that has been achieved to date has only been possible because researchers have sent a great deal of time and effort to do so. instead of the simultaneous detection of hundreds of viruses on a single high-density dna-chip at very high costs per chip, we present here an alternative approach using a well-designed and tailored microarray which can establish whether or not a handful of viral genes are present in a clinical ... | 2004 | 15230636 |
| evaluation of the elvis plate method for the detection and typing of herpes simplex virus in clinical specimens. | this study was conducted to assess the reliability of a commercial enzyme-linked viral inducible system (elvis) (diagnostic hybrids, inc., athens, oh) for rapid detection and typing of herpes simplex virus (hsv). results using elvis were compared to those of shell vial culture (svc) and hsv detection with monoclonal antibodies and an immunoperoxidase stain plus typing with microtrak direct fluorescent antibodies (trinity biotech plc, wicklow, ireland). specimens yielding discrepant hsv results w ... | 2004 | 15246506 |
| a ring finger ubiquitin ligase is protected from autocatalyzed ubiquitination and degradation by binding to ubiquitin-specific protease usp7. | herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early regulatory protein icp0 stimulates lytic infection and reactivation from latency, processes that require the ubiquitin e3 ligase activity mediated by the ring finger domain in the n-terminal portion of the protein. icp0 stimulates the production of polyubiquitin chains by the ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes ubch5a and ubch6 in vitro, and in infected and transfected cells it induces the proteasome-dependent degradation of a number of cellular proteins inc ... | 2004 | 15247261 |
| bupropion (zyban, wellbutrin) inhibits nicotine-induced viral reactivation in herpes simplex virus type 1 latent rabbits. | we reported that nicotine applied via a transdermal patch (21 mg/day) induced viral reactivation and ocular shedding in herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) latent rabbits. one possible mechanism of action involves the release of catecholamines and other similar agents, triggering hsv reactivation. bupropion (zyban, wellbutrin), a non-nicotine aid to smoking cessation, inhibits neuronal uptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine. to determine whether bupropion inhibits hsv reactivation, ra ... | 2004 | 15254144 |
| counteracting corneal immunoinflammatory lesion with interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein. | herpetic stromal keratitis (hsk) is a t cell-orchestrated, immunoinflammatory lesion that results from corneal herpes simplex virus infection. previous reports indicate an essential role for proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (il)-1 in hsk pathogenesis. the present study evaluates the efficacy of il-1 receptor antagonist (il-1 ra) protein in the management of hsk. mice receiving il-1 ra had diminished disease severity. the administration of il-1 ra was shown to reduce the influx into the corne ... | 2004 | 15258192 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 esophagitis in an immunocompetent adolescent. | 2004 | 15259498 | |
| ph-dependent conformational changes and topology of a herpesvirus translocating peptide in a membrane-mimetic environment. | pol peptide, an oligopeptide corresponding to the 27 c-terminal amino acids of dna polymerase from herpes simplex virus type 1, has recently been suggested to translocate from endosomal compartments into the cytosol after being intracellularly delivered via a protein carrier. while an acidic environment was thought to be important for pol peptide membrane translocation, the mechanism of translocation remains unclear. to investigate the influence of an acidic environment on the conformational pro ... | 2004 | 15260477 |
| regulation of ifn regulatory factor-7 and ifn-alpha production by enveloped virus and lipopolysaccharide in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells. | human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pdc) are a major source of ifn-alpha upon exposure to enveloped viruses and tlr-7 and tlr-9 ligands. although ifn regulatory factor-7 (irf-7) is known to play an essential role in virus-activated transcription of ifn-alpha genes, the molecular mechanisms of ifn-alpha production in human pdc remain poorly understood. we and others have recently reported high constitutive levels of irf-7 expression in pdc as compared with other pbmc. in this study, we demonstrat ... | 2004 | 15265881 |
| immunomodulation by roquinimex decreases the expression of il-23 (p19) mrna in the brains of herpes simplex virus type 1 infected balb/c mice. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) is a common neurotropic virus which infects epithelial cells and subsequently the trigeminal ganglia (tg) and brain tissue. we studied how immunomodulation with roquinimex (linomide) affects the course of corneal hsv infection in balb/c mice. balb/c mice have also been used in a model for hsv-based vectors in treating an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (cns). we addressed the questions of how immunomodulation affects the local as well as the systemic i ... | 2004 | 15270847 |