Publications

pathology of human immunodeficiency virus infection: noninfectious conditions.	diagnostic anatomic pathologists play a crucial role in the battle against acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). not only are they intimately involved in the treatment of individual patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, but also they make important observations that result in the expansion of the scientific understanding of its pathogenesis. pathologists studying tissue from patients with hiv infection should be familiar with the conditions to which these patients are ...	1997	9869826
examining the complex relationship of human papillomavirus to cervical dysplasia and carcinoma.	human papillomavirus (hpv) infection is quite common in women and is clearly the major risk factor for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cervical cancer. hpv dna has been detected in 80% to 90% of cin 3 lesions and invasive cervical cancers. while the most common presentation is warts, or condylomata, many infections are detected only by pap smear cytologic evidence. we still do not have a clear understanding of hpv latency, reactivation, subclinical infection without apparent dise ...	1997	9746693
in situ pcr to cells and to wax sections. an alternative to in situ hybridization for the detection of low copies of human papillomavirus and cytomegalovirus dna.		1997	8959693
the bovine papillomavirus e6 oncoprotein interacts with paxillin and disrupts the actin cytoskeleton.	the e6 oncoprotein of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv-1) has been shown to transform cells through a p53-independent pathway, but its transforming mechanism is unknown. here we demonstrate in vitro and in vivo interactions between bpv-1 e6 and the focal adhesion protein paxillin. the ability of bpv-1 e6 to complex with paxillin correlated with its ability to transform; e6 mutant proteins impaired in their transformation function also were impaired in their abilities to bind paxillin. e6 bindin ...	1997	9114003
[verrucous carcinoma of the anal margin. the buschke-loewenstein tumor].	the buschke-loewenstein tumour is a rare variety of squamous cell carcinoma of low-grade malignancy; it is located in the external genital organs and the perianal region. we present a new case of this uncommon tumour of short evolution in a 73 years old male patient. resection was the only treatment, without relapse at 12 months. a review of the literature shows only 13 cases previously published; we comment the human papillomavirus role in their pathogenesis and the various therapies proposed, ...	1997	9115819
the human papillomavirus type 16 e7 protein is associated with the nucleolus in mammalian and yeast cells.	in this study we show, by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy immuno-gold labelling, that the major transforming protein of human papillomavirus type 16 e7 is associated with the nucleolus of cells derived from the hpv16-positive cervical carcinoma line caski. the e7 nucleolar staining appeared to be cell cycle dependent, being considerably reduced in the g2 phase. the total level of the protein in the cell, however, remained constant during all phases. we also show that the cellular prot ...	1997	9121762
variable transduction efficiency of murine leukemia retroviral vector on mammalian cells: role of cellular glycosylation.	to elucidate the cellular tropism of moloney murine leukemia virus (mulv), we have studied the transduction efficiency of a recombinant mulv vector carrying the beta-galactosidase reporter gene on a variety of rodent cells. under optimal conditions for in vitro cell transduction, primary cultures of adult rat fibroblasts derived from various organs were very poorly transduced by the ecotropic mulv vector (0.02-0.12%) when compared to immortalized cells such as the f2408 (42%) and 3y1 (defined as ...	1997	9123877
correlation between the presence of anti hpv33 vlp antibodies and hpv dna in cervical neoplasia patients.	the l1 capsid proteins derived from human papillomavirus (hpv) type 33 were expressed in a recombinant baculovirus system using sf9 insect cells. selected sera originating in women from case-control study carried out in spain and colombia found negative and positive for hpv16, 18, 31, 33 and 35 dna were tested in elisa for the presence of igg antibodies to purified virus-like particles (vlp). the reactivity was type-restricted with the possible exception of hpv31.	1997	9125054
identification of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 deoxyribonucleic acid sequences in bulky cervical cancer after chemotherapy.	the objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of chemotherapy on the continual presence of human papillomavirus deoxyribonucleic acid sequences in bulky cervical cancer tissues and the relationship between the presence of human papillomavirus and the response of these patients to chemotherapy.	1997	9125612
successful treatment of a generalized human papillomavirus infection with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interferon gamma immunotherapy in a patient with a primary immunodeficiency and cyclic neutropenia.	we describe a patient with generalized verrucosis secondary to human papillomavirus (hpv) type 2 infection and a primary immunodeficiency and cyclic neutropenia. treatment, which was well tolerated, included granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interferon gamma (ifn-gamma). in vitro assays to assess responses of t lymphocytes to mitogens (ie, proliferation assay and ifn-gamma enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were performed. in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction we ...	1997	9126013
aggressive giant condyloma acuminatum associated with oncogenic human papilloma virus: a case report.	malignant transformation has been described in 30% of cases of giant anorectal condyloma acuminatum. the authors report on a 33-year-old man who was heterosexual and hiv negative and who had a giant anal condyloma. despite aggressive therapy with multiple fulgurations, interferon alpha and isotretinoin, an invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum developed. an abdominoperineal resection was done followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, but this treatment regimen was unsuccessful in contr ...	1997	9126130
analysis of the interaction between human papillomavirus type 16 e7 and the tata-binding protein, tbp.	the e7 protein encoded by human papillomavirus type 16 shows transforming and immortalizing activities which are mediated, in part, through the interaction of the viral oncoprotein with the prb protein family. this interaction is not solely responsible for e7 function, however, and other properties of e7, such as the interaction with basal transcription factors such as tbp, are likely to be of importance. we show here that three regions of the viral protein contribute to the interaction between ...	1997	9129664
human papillomavirus dna in urine specimens of men with condyloma acuminatum.	because warts are often found in the male urethra, human papillomavirus (hpv) may well be present in urine of patients with urethral condylomata.	1997	9132984
demonstration of antibodies against human papillomavirus type-11 e6 and l2 proteins in patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.	recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (rrp) is highly prevalent in thailand, with the human papillomavirus (hpv) type-11 being the most widespread. in this study, we isolated the hpv type-11 (hpv-11) genome from subjects with rrp and subcloned the e6 and l2 open reading frames (orfs) with the expression vectors pex1 and pex3. the recombinant e6/beta-gal and l2/beta-gal fusion proteins were expressed in e. coli. using the recombinant proteins, we demonstrated the presence of antibodies against hpv ...	1997	9134142
abrogation of p53 function by hpv16 e6 gene delays apoptosis and enhances mutagenesis but does not alter radiosensitivity in tk6 human lymphoblast cells.	in order to gain a better understanding of the role of p53 in radiation-induced mitotic failure, apoptosis and mutagenesis, we introduced the hpv16 e6 gene via a retroviral vector into the tk6 human lymphoblast cell line which expresses wild type p53. abrogation of p53 function by e6 resulted in a delayed and reduced apoptotic response and a moderate increase in the frequency of mutations at the thymidine kinase (tk) locus following gamma-irradiation, but failed to alter radiosensitivity. the ap ...	1997	9135067
failure of hpv e6 to rapidly degrade p53 in human hela x pnet cell hybrids.	the ability of the e6 protein from high risk human papillomaviruses (hpvs) to degrade p53 via the ubiquitin pathway plays a major role in the development of cervical carcinomas. we have previously generated cell hybrids between a p53 null peripheral neuroepithelioma (pnet) cell line and a cervical carcinoma hela cell line which exhibits efficient e6-mediated degradation of p53. all of the resulting hybrids expressed hpv 18 e6 from the hela parent and some of the hybrids additionally expressed hp ...	1997	9135068
sensitive in situ hybridization with catalyzed reporter deposition, streptavidin-nanogold, and silver acetate autometallography: detection of single-copy human papillomavirus.	the usefulness of standard in situ hybridization for viral nucleic acid detection is occasionally limited by its sensitivity limit of 10 to 50 copies per cell. a modified version of the recently described signal amplification method, catalyzed reporter deposition (card), and its application to formalin-fixed cells and tissue sections is presented. deposition of the reporter is facilitated by using horseradish peroxidase catalyzing the deposition of biotinylated tyramide on the location of the pr ...	1997	9137082
p53, waf1/cip1 and mdm2 expression in skin lesions associated with human papillomavirus and human immunodeficiency virus.	human papillomaviruses (hpvs) express various gene products, such as e6 protein which complexes with the p53 tumor suppressor protein and therefore diminishes p53-related regulatory mechanisms. this interaction is assumed to be hpv type-specific as "high risk" or oncogenic hpv types have more affinity for p53 binding than their "low risk" or non-oncogenic counterparts. furthermore, hiv infection is believed to activate latent hpv infection and transcription via direct and indirect interaction wi ...	1997	9137486
p53 alterations but no human papillomavirus infection in preinvasive and advanced squamous esophageal cancer in italy.	geographic differences in exposure to suspected carcinogens have been identified in esophageal carcinogenesis, and both p53 alterations and human papillomavirus (hpv) infection have been reported in esophageal squamous carcinoma (esc) from high-risk areas, including china and south africa. the status of p53 alterations and hpv infection in esc has not been determined in northern italy, where the incidence of esc is low. formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded esophageal samples containing normal, dyspl ...	1997	9138659
cytogenetics of carcinoma of the cervix uteri: a review.	cytogenetic studies on carcinoma of the cervix have shown the nonrandom involvement in structural changes of a number of chromosomes, particularly chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 11, and 17. apart from chromosome 5, where a short-arm isochromosome is the commonest derivative, these chromosomes most often undergo short-arm deletions. notably, chromosome 17 may have undergone structural changes that result in loss of the tumor suppressor gene tp53 on 17p; chromosomal translocations may in some tumors perform ...	1997	9140451
cell mediated immunity induced in mice by hpv 16 l1 virus-like particles.	recombinant human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 l1 virus-like particles (vlps) expressed in the baculovirus system were used to investigate the cellular immune response to human papillomavirus type 16. the cell-mediated immune response was evaluated through immunization of mice with hpv 16 l1 virus-like particles using a lymphoproliferation assay and cytokine production and cytometric analysis of lymphocyte subsets. a significant proliferative response was observed which was associated with secre ...	1997	9140917
mechanism of p53 degradation.		1997	9141469
human papillomavirus-associated tumors of the skin and mucosa.	this review discusses diseases of the lower genital tract in which the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna is well documented. we discuss epidemiologic, clinical, and experimental data supporting a causative role for hpv in mucosal malignancies, with emphasis on the role of viral and host factors in their pathogenesis. of special interest is the recently discovered association of cutaneous tumors with hpvs, previously known only for tumors in epidermodysplasia verruciformis (ev). the freq ...	1997	9146528
sensitive chemiluminescence in situ hybridization for the detection of human papillomavirus genomes in biopsy specimens.	we developed a sensitive chemiluminescence in situ hybridization assay for detection of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna for objective and semiquantitative evaluation of the results. the hybridization reaction was performed using either digoxigenin-, biotin-, or fluorescein-labeled probes, visualized with alkaline phosphatase as the revealing enzyme and a highly sensitive 1,2 dioxetane phosphate as chemiluminescent substrate. the light emitted from the hybridized probes was detected, analyzed, and ...	1997	9154160
squamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium with human papillomavirus type 31.		1997	9154764
recurrent respiratory papillomatosis with pulmonary cystic disease in a child, following maternal genital warts.	human papillomavirus (hpv) infection of the genital tract is associated with the development of genital warts. a causal link between maternal hpv infection and development of laryngeal papillomatosis in the offspring has been proposed. we report a case of pulmonary cystic disease, a rare but serious complication of laryngeal papillomatosis in a child, following maternal genital warts.	1997	9155559
human papillomavirus infection and invasive cervical neoplasia: a study of prevalence and morphology.	the prevalence of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna sequences in 45 cervical cancer biopsies was examined with the hot-start polymerase chain reaction (pcr), employing hpv consensus primers from the l1 region. the cases comprised 38 squamous cell carcinomas, three adenosquamous carcinomas, and four adenocarcinomas. pcr products were typed with single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) and the hpv types detected were correlated with tumour type. forty-three biopsies were hpv-positive, hpv16 bei ...	1997	9155711
the incidence and detection of hpv in the upper aerodigestive tract using brush and biopsy techniques.	the association between human papillomavirus (hpv) and squamous carcinoma is well established. in the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) we have an effective technique for detecting small quantities of viral dna, but the assay requires tissue taken at endoscopy to reveal the presence or absence of hpv. brushings have been used effectively elsewhere in the body to obtain cytological material. this study set out to ascertain if sufficient viral dna could be obtained, using a laryngeal brushing and th ...	1997	9156055
cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. a study of epidemiologic risk factors, human papillomavirus, and p53 expression.	to examine risk factors for the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (scc) in a group of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients, including evaluation and detection of epidemiologic risk factors of human papillomavirus (hpv) and p53 expression.	1997	9158410
[cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) and human papillomavirus (hpv) infection].	many studies have shown a strong correlation between cin and hpv infection. molecular biology has allowed identification of types of hpv which seem to be connected, more frequently than others, to dysplastic lesions. physical state of hpv-genome seems to play an important role in the development of cervical cancer. in this study the hpv-genome has been searched in tissue specimens obtained from 34 women affected by cin ii and iii. all patients underwent laser conization. immediately before treat ...	1997	9162879
increased prevalence of vulvovaginal condyloma and vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia in women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.	to compare the prevalence of human papillomavirus (hpv)-associated vulvovaginal lesions in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive and hiv-negative women.	1997	9166302
[primary carcinoma of bartholin's glands with hpv 18 detection].	a primary carcinoma of the bartholin's gland is a rarely type of vulva-carcinoma. the patients median age are 55 years and the etiology of the carcinoma are still unknown. viral influences are discussed. most frequent types of carcinomas of bartholin's gland are those of squamous cells and adenocarcinomas. this article reports on a 55 year old patient with a primary carcinoma of bartholin's gland. the human papillomavirus 18 was detected by a polymerase chain reaction. the correct diagnosis was ...	1997	9173772
frequency of hpv infection and gsh levels in plasma of women with cervical dysplasia.	human papillomavirus (hpv) can be a cause of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) and cervical cancer. the level of antioxidant compounds in plasma (retinol, alfa-tocoferol, vitamins c and e, glutathione) can modulate the progression of latent hpv infection to subclinical lesions and cin. our studies show that in the cases of hpv infection glutathione (gsh) content decreased, but glutathione disulfide (gssg) levels increased. the quantitative gsh/gssg ratio reflects the above changes of both ...	1997	9174835
the effect of human papillomavirus infection on sperm cell motility.	to investigate the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) in human sperm cells and to evaluate potential effects of hpv on the sperm functions.	1997	9176459
hpv-16 oncogenes e6 and e7 are mutagenic in normal human oral keratinocytes.	the mutation frequency of ps189 shuttle vector plasmids is higher in human oral keratinocytes (nhok) immortalized with cloned human papillomavirus-16 (hpv-16) genome than in primary normal nhok (nhok). to determine whether oncoproteins e6 and e7 of hpv-16 are responsible for the higher mutation frequency of the plasmids, we measured the mutation frequency in nhok and in nhok expressing the hpv-16 oncogenes (e6, e7, or e6 plus e7). we also measured the mutation frequency in nhok expressing the e6 ...	1997	9178911
cellular aging is a critical determinant of primary cell resistance to v-src transformation.	primary cell cultures are in general resistant to the transforming effect of a single oncogene, a finding considered consistent with the multistage theory of carcinogenesis. in the present studies, we examined whether cellular age, differentiation stage, and/or tissue origin of primary cells plays a role in determining their response to v-src transformation. to study the role of cellular age, rat mammary fibroblasts were isolated from a 50-day-old female rat and infected with a recombinant retro ...	1997	8985343
human papillomavirus type influences the extent of chromosomal lag during mitosis in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade iii.	the level of risk for carcinoma in the uterine cervix depends on the type of human papillomavirus (hpv) present. we examined whether the hpv type influences the proliferation rate and occurrence of mitotic figures with lagging chromosomes in the precursor of cervical carcinoma. the study group comprised 180 women who were referred because of cytologic changes indicating dysplasia and who were subsequently diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade iii. the hpv-16-associated lesions ...	1997	8986526
comparison between vaginal tampon and cervicovaginal lavage specimen collection for detection of human papillomavirus dna by the polymerase chain reaction. the canadian women's hiv study group.	the aim of the study was to compare the accuracy of self-administered vaginal tampon (vt) specimens for the detection of human papillomaviruses (hpvs) with that of cervicovaginal lavage specimens (cvl). two hundred seventy-four paired vt and cvl specimens were collected prospectively from women at risk of sexually transmitted diseases. specimens were treated and amplified with the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). each woman served as her own control. one hundred and forty-four of 272 (52.9%) cvl ...	1997	8986948
cervical cancer in young women in taiwan: prognosis is independent of papillomavirus or tumor cell type.	the objective of this study was to address the hypotheses that younger patients with cervical cancer have a uniquely worse clinical outcome and/or are more likely to have adverse tumor cell types or specific human papillomaviruses (hpv). cases of stage ib-iia cervical cancer among women 35 years of age or younger (82) and over 35 (54) were analyzed and compared with respect to the following: (1) histologic type (squamous vs nonsquamous), (2) human papillomavirus (hpv) type via polymerase chain r ...	1997	8995548
proteolytic cleavage of human p53 by calpain: a potential regulator of protein stability.	the p53 tumor suppressor protein is activated in cells in response to dna damage and prevents the replication of cells sustaining genetic damage by inducing a cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. activation of p53 is accompanied by stabilization of the protein, resulting in accumulation to high levels within the cell. p53 is normally degraded through the proteasome following ubiquitination, although the mechanisms which regulate this proteolysis in normal cells and how the p53 protein becomes stabili ...	1997	8972227
comparison of pcr and hybrid capture methods for detection of human papillomavirus in injection drug-using women at high risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection.	we compared hybrid capture, a new technique for detection of human papillomaviruses (hpv), with a pcr assay based on l1 consensus primers. by both methods, the hpv prevalence was higher in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive women than in hiv-negative women. pcr had a higher sensitivity (0.89 versus 0.48) but lower specificity (0.43 versus 0.93) for detection of pap smear abnormalities, compared to hybrid capture. the higher intensity of hybridization signal by pcr was related to higher ...	1997	9003632
prevalence of single and multiple infection with human papillomaviruses in various grades of cervical neoplasia.	evaluation of human papillomavirus (hpv) diversity in various grades of cervical lesions is helpful for understanding the characteristics of hpv infection in the pathogenesis of cervical neoplasia. a total of 227 women with normal cervices (n = 72), low- and high-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (sils) (n = 55 and 53, respectively) and cervical carcinomas (n = 47) were screened for human papillomavirus (hpv) types 6, 11, 16 and 18 infection by the polymerase chain reaction. the pr ...	1997	9003746
cytokine production patterns in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: association with human papillomavirus infection.	genital infection with certain strains of human papillomavirus (hpv) is associated with a high risk of malignant transformation, and hpv-associated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) can become invasive cancer. host factors are critical in regulating tumor growth, and cytokines that modulate immunologic control may be of particular importance. the type 1 cytokines interleukin 2 (il-2) and interferon gamma (ifn gamma) are immunostimulatory and are thus capable of limiting tumor growth. the ...	1997	9017005
absence of human papillomavirus infection in cutaneous lichen planus.		1997	9039186
a general primer gp5+/gp6(+)-mediated pcr-enzyme immunoassay method for rapid detection of 14 high-risk and 6 low-risk human papillomavirus genotypes in cervical scrapings.	two cocktails of digoxigenin-labeled human papillomavirus (hpv) type-specific oligonucleotide probes and an enzyme immunoassay (eia) were used as a basis to developed a group-specific detection method for 14 high-risk (types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68) and 6 low-risk (types 6, 11, 40, 42, 43, and 44) hpvs, following a general primer gp5+/biogp6(+)-mediated pcr. the sensitivity of this high-risk/low-risk (hr/lr) hpv pcr-eia ranged from 10 to 200 hpv copies, dependi ...	1997	9041439
physical and functional interaction between the human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 tax1 protein and the ccaat binding protein nf-y.	tax1, a potent activator of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-1) transcription, has been shown to modulate expression of many cellular genes. tax1 does not bind dna directly but regulates transcription through protein-protein interactions with sequence-specific transcription factors. using the yeast two-hybrid system to screen for proteins which interact with tax1, we isolated the b subunit of the ccaat binding protein nf-y from a hela cdna library. the interaction of tax1 with nf-yb ...	1997	9032250
ccaat displacement protein, a regulator of differentiation-specific gene expression, binds a negative regulatory element within the 5' end of the human papillomavirus type 6 long control region.	we have reported previously that a 636-bp fragment spanning the 5' two-thirds of the human papillomavirus type 6 (hpv6)-w50 long control region (lcr) functions as a transcriptional silencer (a. farr, s. pattison, b.-s. youn, and a. roman, j. gen. virol. 76:827-835, 1995). we have utilized nested deletion analyses to implicate a 66-bp sequence which appears to be critical for this activity. a comparison of the transcriptional regulatory activities of the lcrs of hpv6-w50 and hpv6b (which has a 94 ...	1997	9032333
human papillomavirus types 52 and 58 are prevalent in cervical cancers from chinese women.	a substantial body of evidence has confirmed human papillomavirus (hpv) infection as an etiologic agent in human cervical cancer. to evaluate the association between hpv and cervical cancer in chinese women, we examined tumor specimens from women who lived in shanghai, people's republic of china. biopsies from 40 women, diagnosed with either squamous-cell carcinoma (n = 35) or adenocarcinoma (n = 5) were tested for hpv dna by pcr. the hpv types present in tumors were determined either by hybridi ...	1997	9033647
renal allograft recipients with high susceptibility to cutaneous malignancy have an increased prevalence of human papillomavirus dna in skin tumours and a greater risk of anogenital malignancy.	renal allograft recipients (rars) have a well-documented increased incidence of viral warts and cutaneous neoplasia, particularly those with long graft life and high sun exposure. a clinicopathological survey of 69 rars in south-east scotland, with follow-up periods of up to 28 years after transplantation, revealed marked variation in patient susceptibility to cutaneous malignancy with concomitant variation in hpv prevalence. skin cancers were found in 34 patients. eight patients showed high sus ...	1997	9043031
transfection of the inner cell mass and lack of a unique dna sequence affecting the uptake of exogenous dna by sperm as shown by dideoxy sequencing analogues.	the purpose of this study was to determine whether exogenous dna internalized into blastocysts after transference from dna-carrier sperm are localized at the inner cell mass or trophoblast cells and to identify differences in uptake of exogenous dna fragments by sperm due to unique dna sequences.	1997	9048243
juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis in a pediatric population: a clinicopathologic study.	a series of 22 children with juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis treated over a 31-year period is presented. the majority of patients were diagnosed when less than 5 years of age. two patients died from the disease and four patients still had active disease at the completion of the study period. the duration of disease and number of recurrences were extremely variable. the number of recurrences was inversely related to the age of onset. the histologic findings were very similar in all patients, an ...	1997	9050060
synchronous and metachronous multicentric squamous cell carcinomas in the upper aerodigestive tract.	a rare case is presented of a 57-year-old japanese male with synchronous and metachronous multicentric squamous cell carcinomas (scc) in the upper aerodigestive tract. during a 9-year-period from the appearance of first primary scc to autopsy, 14 foci of primary scc and one severe dysplasia developed in succession in the thoracic esophagus, oral floor, soft palate, uvula, lingual radix, piriform recess, hypopharynx, cervical esophagus, trachea and lingual body. the patient died of severe broncho ...	1997	9051695
human papillomavirus dna and antibodies to human papillomaviruses 16 e2, l2, and e7 peptides as predictors of survival in patients with squamous cell cervical cancer.	to assess whether human papillomavirus (hpv) dna detection in cervical cancer specimens, or antibodies to selected hpv 16 peptides are predictors of tumor recurrence and long-term survival in patients with squamous cell invasive cervical cancer.	1997	9053484
20q gain associates with immortalization: 20q13.2 amplification correlates with genome instability in human papillomavirus 16 e7 transformed human uroepithelial cells.	breast, bladder, colon, and ovarian carcinomas show frequent low level 20q gain and less frequently high level 20q13.2 amplification, but the significance of these 20q amplifications in transformation has not been defined. using karyotypic and comparative genomic hybridization (cgh) analyses, chromosome losses and gains were analysed in six newly immortalized human uroepithelial cell (huc) lines transformed by human papillomavirus 16 (hpv16) e7. results showed clonal chromosomes with 20q11->qter ...	1997	9053853
human papillomavirus e6 and e7 oncoproteins alter cell cycle progression but not radiosensitivity of carcinoma cells treated with low-dose-rate radiation.	low-dose-rate radiation therapy has been widely used in the treatment of urogenital malignancies. when continuously exposed to low-dose-rate ionizing radiation, target cancer cells typically exhibit abnormalities in replicative cell-cycle progression. cancer cells that arrest in the g2 phase of the cell cycle when irradiated may become exquisitely sensitive to killing by further low-dose-rate radiation treatment. oncogenic human papillomaviruses (hpvs), which play a major role in the pathogenesi ...	1997	9054890
detection of human papillomavirus dna in keratoacanthomas by polymerase chain reaction.	the etiology of keratoacanthomas is unknown, but human papillomavirus (hpv) has been suspected to be involved in the pathogenesis of this lesion because koilocytic changes may be observed and because hpv has been found in cutaneous squamous-cell carcinomas and premalignant keratoses in immunosuppressed patients. we analyzed dna extracted from 39 keratoacanthomas from 22 "at-risk" patients (nine patients undergoing uv light and/or anthralin therapy for psoriasis, 10 solid organ transplant recipie ...	1997	9056648
two different types of human papillomavirus in a patient with carcinomas of the vulva and cervix.		1997	15511786
specific therapies for human papilloma virus infections.	human papillomavirus induces the hyperproliferation of epithelial cells, leading to a broad spectrum of human diseases, ranging from benign warts to malignant neoplasms, depending on the location of the lesion, the immune status of the patient and the type of human papillomavirus. current therapies for human papillomavirus-associated diseases are based on the excision or ablation of dysplastic or malignant tissue, and are associated with a high frequency of recurrent disease, discomfort and cost ...	1998	17035751
imiquimod 5% cream (aldara).	imiquimod is a novel synthetic molecule with potent immune-modifying activities. formulated in a 5% vanishing cream as aldara, this self-applied therapy has shown good efficacy and safety in the treatment of external genital and perianal warts caused by human papillomavirus (hpv) infection (condyloma acuminata). the molecule does not demonstrate direct antiviral activity, but through induction of cytokines results in immune-based resolution of wart tissue and reduction of viral burden. phase iii ...	1998	15991984
[a study on the relationship between hpv infection and the oncogenesis of primary squamous carcinoma of the lung.].	to research the relationship between human papillomavirus (hpv) infection and the oncogenesis of primary squamous carcinoma of the lung.	1998	20863461
sexually transmitted diseases in africa: time for action.	sexually transmitted diseases (stds) are major public health problems which often lead to serious complications and sequelae, including infertility. infection with stds also facilitates the transmission of hiv, making the early diagnosis and care of stds integrated into other services one of the most cost-effective strategies to prevent the spread of hiv. the direct and indirect costs of stds worldwide are considerable. sub-saharan africa ranks first in std yearly incidence compared to other ...	1998	12348788
risk factors for cervical presence of human papillomavirus dna among women at risk for hiv infection. dianaids collaborative study group.	risk factors for cervical infection with human papillomavirus (hpv) were assessed among 236 italian women at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection (intravenous drug users (ivdu) or sexual partners of males at risk for hiv infection). all study participants underwent a structured interview, determination of hiv serostatus and detection of hpv cervical infection by means of polymerase chain reaction (pcr). overall, the cervical presence of hpv dna was ascertained in 86 of these 236 ...	1998	9747769
correlation between human papillomavirus dna detection in maternal cervical smears and buccal swabs of infants.	acquisition of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection in buccal mucosa by the infants at birth has been investigated. presence of hpv dna was evaluated in cervical smears of 30 pregnant women before delivery and in buccal swabs of the corresponding 31 infants (1 set of twins). hpv dna was detected among the 40% of women, 16% of infants an the detection was concordant in 23 mother-infant pairs. hpv dna was demonstrated in buccal mucosal cells of 41.6% of the infants born to hpv positive mothers. ma ...	1998	9754051
detection of high-risk human papillomavirus nucleic acid in archival cervical smears.	to test the usefulness of a commercial dna hybridization assay for the detection of high-risk (hr) human papillomavirus (hpv) types in archival cervical smears and to compare the sensitivity with that of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using consensus primers.	1998	9755661
anogenital papillomavirus infections in children.	over the years, our impression of human papillomavirus has changed. once thought of as the cause of relatively insignificant skin lesions, its significant role in malignancy of epithelia and mucosa throughout the body is beginning to be understood. also changing, although not as rapidly as we would like is our understanding of how human papillomavirus infects the body, the concept of latency, our responses to infection, and how to modify or boost those responses so as to overcome infection. rese ...	1998	9757364
evaluation of atypical and low-grade cervical cytology in private practice.	to evaluate the adequacy of cytology alone for diagnosis of grade of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) and to study performance of cytology, human papillomavirus (hpv) testing, and colposcopy in the evaluation of cytologic findings suggesting low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (sil), or atypical squamous (ascus) or atypical glandular (agcus) cells of undetermined significance.	1998	9764636
hpv 16 and cigarette smoking as risk factors for high-grade cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia.	although genital human papillomavirus (hpv) infection is well established as the etiologic agent for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin), little is known about the cofactors involved in the development of high-grade lesions or the progression of low-grade to high-grade lesions. in our study of hpv-infected women with cin (163 cin i, 51 cin ii and 44 cin iii), women with cin ii or iii were compared with those with cin i for risk factors associated with high-grade lesions. after controlling f ...	1998	9766558
in vitro propagated dendritic cells from patients with human-papilloma virus-associated preneoplastic lesions of the uterine cervix: use of flt3 ligand.	dendritic cells (dc) are the most efficient antigen presenting cells. the clinical use of dc as vectors for antitumor and anti-infectious disease immunotherapy has been limited by their low level and accessibility in normal tissue. substantial numbers of dc can be generated from peripheral blood cultured in the presence of interleukin-4 (il-4) and granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf). we showed in this study that substantial numbers of dc can be obtained from the peripheral ...	1998	9769116
expression of the mcp-1 gene and the hpv 16 e6/e7 oncogenes in squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix uteri and metastases.	monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (mcp-1) plays an important role in the recruitment of monocytes in solid tumors. previously, for cervical carcinoma cell lines an inverse correlation between the expression of the mcp-1 gene and the human papillomavirus (hpv) oncogenes e6/e7 was described. in this study paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens from 25 squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix uteri were analyzed for the expression of the mcp-1 gene and the hpv 16 e6/e7 oncogenes by rna/rna in situ hybri ...	1998	9769472
loss of heterozygosity on the short arm of chromosome 3 in cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia without concomitant cervical carcinoma.	losses of heterozygosity on the short arm of chromosome 3p are common in cervical carcinomas in the 3p13-3p21 region, and can be observed in intra-epithelial lesions accompanying cervical cancers. as a preliminary attempt to determine whether these losses can be observed in intra-epithelial cervical lesions without concomitant invasive carcinoma, we have used two microsatellite markers located at the two most frequently deleted segments of the 3p13-3p21 region. we have studied 36 cases of grade ...	1998	9769478
transcriptional regulation of the egf receptor promoter by hpv16 and retinoic acid in human ectocervical epithelial cells.	we have previously demonstrated that human papillomavirus 16 (hpv16)-immortalized human ectocervical epithelial cells and cells derived from tumors which express hpv16 oncogenes express high levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) compared to normal cervical cells. we have also shown that proliferation of these cells is inhibited by retinoid treatment. we have hypothesized that the retinoid inhibition of cell proliferation may be due to the retinoid-dependent reduction in egfr level. i ...	1998	9770378
human papillomavirus oncoproteins alter differentiation-dependent cell cycle exit on suspension in semisolid medium.	the suspension of keratinocytes containing episomal forms of the human papillomavirus (hpv)-31 genome in semisolid medium results in the induction of viral late functions. in this study, the suspension in semisolid medium was used to analyze how hpv deregulates the process of cell cycle exit during differentiation. in cells that contain the entire hpv-31 genome, induction of late protein synthesis was found to be linked with the expression of cyclin a. consistent with analyses in organotypic raf ...	1998	9770416
interaction of salicylic acid with verrucae assessed by ft-raman spectroscopy.	ft-raman spectroscopy has been used to investigate treated verrucae (warts from the sole of the foot) with a local application of a salicylic acid paint. differences in the molecular structure of the stratum corneum across the verruca sample were observed, and by comparison with normal and hyperkeratotic skin it was concluded that the tissue around the edges of the verrucae was typically hyperkeratotic skin. in the centre of the verruca, the molecular structure of the skin was altered showing ev ...	1998	9771616
the e7 protein of human papillomavirus type 16 sensitizes primary human keratinocytes to apoptosis.	the 'high risk' human papillomaviruses are associated with the development of anogenital carcinomas and their e6 and e7 genes possess immortalizing and transforming functions in several in vitro culture systems. recently the e6 gene has also been shown to enhance the apoptosis of human mammary epithelial cells. to determine the apoptotic activity of these oncogenes in the natural host cell, we infected genital keratinocytes with retroviruses expressing either hpv-16 e6, e7, or both the e6 and e7 ...	1998	9771963
up-regulation of p53 by antisense expression of hpv18 e6 oncogene does not influence the level of mn/ca ix tumor-associated protein in hela cervical carcinoma cells.	oncogenic potential of human papillomaviruses is related to capacity of hpv-encoded oncoproteins to bind and inactivate tumor suppressor proteins. interaction of p53 with hpv e6 results in aberrant regulation of various cellular genes. we evaluated the possible involvement of mn/ca9 gene, whose expression is closely associated with cervical carcinomas, in regulatory pathways driven by p53 and e6. we demonstrated that one of the two p53 consensus sequences present in mn/ca9 promoter participates ...	1998	9772303
comparison of pcr- and hybrid capture-based human papillomavirus detection systems using multiple cervical specimen collection strategies.	this study compared the performances of three human papillomavirus (hpv) detection tests with specimens collected by three alternative procedures. the hpv tests included the hybrid capture tube test (hct), the microplate-based hybrid capture ii test (hc ii), and the my09-my11 l1 consensus primer pcr-based assay. initial cervical specimens were collected from study subjects with a broom device, and after papanicolaou smears were made, residual specimens were placed into preservcyt (pc), a liquid ...	1998	9774574
underexpression of cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitors in cervical carcinoma.	recent studies have revealed a new family of tumor suppressor genes that directly implicate aberrant cell cycle regulation in tumorigenesis. the general function of these gene products is that they prevent cell cycle progression by directly interfering with cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) activation. the importance of these genes is that they are potent inhibitors of cdk. among these cell cycle inhibitors, p21(waf1/cip1) and p16 have been thoroughly studied. however, the role of p21(waf1/ci ...	1998	9784316
bowenoid papulosis showing polyclonal nature.	bowenoid papulosis (bp) is characterized clinically by its benign-looking appearance and histologically by the features of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (sils). the external genitalia of young people is a common site of occurrence, and most of the lesions undergo resolution by local treatments or even spontaneously. a strong association between bp and high risk types of human papillomavirus (hpv), especially hpv 16, has been reported and the incorporation of bp into the sil categor ...	1998	9785012
does typing of human papillomavirus assist in the triage of women with repeated low-grade, cervical cytologic abnormalities?		1998	9790780
l1-specific protection from tumor challenge elicited by hpv16 virus-like particles.	a single injection of hpv16 l1 virus-like particles induced potent cd8-mediated protection from tumor challenge by c3 cells, a line derived from embryonic mouse cells transfected with the hpv16 genome. l1 rna, but not protein, was detected biochemically in c3 cells. these results indicate that low-level expression of hpv16 l1 can occur in proliferating cells and serve as a tumor vaccine target. although l1 expression is generally thought to be restricted to terminally differentiated epithelial c ...	1998	9792847
familial risks in in situ cancers from the family-cancer database.	the swedish family-cancer database was used to analyze relationships between parents and offspring with in situ cancers and between in situ cancers in one generation and invasive cancer in the other generation. a total of 130,000 in situ cancers and close to 400,000 invasive cancers were included from 1959 to 1994. the data on family relationships and cancers came from registered sources and should be free from bias. the offsprings' familial relative risks (frrs) were calculated for concordant a ...	1998	9796630
condyloma acuminata: a fatal disease?	condyloma acuminata is a virally mediated epithelial overgrowth caused by the human papilloma virus. its simplest form is the common wart, which may occur almost anywhere on the body surface. its papillary lesion forms are commonly seen in the genital, perineal, and anal areas, though it also infects the conjunctiva, nose, mouth, larynx, and tracheo-bronchial tree. malignant degeneration may occur in any of these areas. diagnosis is established by clinical impression and biopsy. immunoassay meth ...	1998	9798775
in vivo survival of viral antigen-specific t cells that induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.	a peptide derived from the human papillomavirus l2 protein is recognized by a myelin basic protein (mbp)-specific t cell clone from a multiple sclerosis patient and by mbp-specific autoantibodies purified from multiple sclerosis brain tissue. we now show in mice that low doses of this papillomavirus peptide were optimal in selecting a subpopulation of papillomavirus peptide-specific t cells that cross-reacted with mbp(87-99) and with an unrelated viral peptide derived from the bslf1 protein of e ...	1998	9802984
human hsp70 and hsp40 chaperone proteins facilitate human papillomavirus-11 e1 protein binding to the origin and stimulate cell-free dna replication.	human papillomavirus replication initiator, the e1 helicase, binds weakly to the origin of dna replication. purified human chaperone proteins hsp70 and hsp40 (hdj-1 and hdj-2) independently and additively enhanced e1 binding to the origin. the interaction between e1 and hsp70 was transient and required atp hydrolysis, whereas hsp40 bound to e1 directly and remained in the complex. a peptide of 20 residues spanning the hpd loop and helix ii of the j domain of ydj-1 also stimulated e1 binding to t ...	1998	9804845
[viral sexually transmitted diseases and their treatments].	in occidental countries, the sexually transmitted diseases (stds) originate mostly from virus: human papillomavirus (hpv) and herpes simplex virus (hsv). during the latest 15 to 20 years, their prevalence has been regularly growing. those viruses have in common a capacity for latency. the persistence of the virus in keratinocytes (pvh) or in ganglionic cells (hsv) and the lack of an efficient preventive or final curative treatment have several consequences: 1) a possible capacity of transmitting ...	1998	9805942
solitary pulmonary papillomas in adults: a clinicopathologic and in situ hybridization study of 14 cases combined with 27 cases in the literature.	solitary endobronchial papillomas in adults are rare neoplasms. only sporadic cases have been documented. the histologic classification of these tumors remains problematic, and little is known about their clinical behavior. the clinical and pathologic features of 13 endobronchial papillomas and a single endobronchiolar papilloma were reviewed. in situ hybridization for human papillomavirus (hpv) types 6/11, 16/18, and 31/33/51 was performed on seven cases. twenty-seven additional well-documented ...	1998	9808125
in vitro construction of pseudovirions of human papillomavirus type 16: incorporation of plasmid dna into reassembled l1/l2 capsids.	lack of permissive and productive cell cultures for the human papillomaviruses (hpvs) has hindered the study of virus-neutralizing antibodies and infection. we developed a cell-free system generating infectious hpv16 pseudovirions. hpv16 l1/l2 capsids, which had been self-assembled in insect cells (sf9) expressing virion proteins l1 and l2, were disassembled with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-me), a reducing agent, and reassembled by removal of 2-me in the presence of a beta-galactosidase expression plas ...	1998	9811779
genital human papillomavirus infection in women who have sex with women.	genital infection with human papillomavirus (hpv), as determined by polymerase chain reaction detection of hpv dna and prevalence of hpv-6 and -16 serum antibodies, was investigated in 149 women who were sexually active with women. by use of hpv l1 consensus primers and hybridization to types 6/11, 16, 18, 31/33/35/39, and 45 and a generic probe, hpv dna was detected in 30% of subjects; of these, 20% had type 31/33/35/39, 18% had type 16, and 2% had type 6/11. of 21 subjects reporting no prior s ...	1998	9815211
colposcopic appearance of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is age dependent.	we investigated to determine whether colposcopic, histologic, and virologic parameters of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia are influenced by a patient's age.	1998	9822520
trans-activating activity of the e6 proteins of the human papillomavirus (hpv) type-11 and -16 on the pe1e4 promoter of hpv-11 in c33a cells.	we investigated trans-activating effects of the full-length e6 protein of hpv-16 (16e6) and the e6 protein of hpv-11 (11e6) on the pe1e4 promoter of hpv-11 in c33a cells which lack normal function of p53. 16e6 showed no significant activation of the reporter plasmid containing pe1e4 and the upstream sequence, including the long control region (lcr). in contrast, 11e6 activated the promoter in a dose dependent manner, while relatively high doses of 11e6 were required to activate the promoter. whe ...	1998	9824640
molecular analysis of ras oncogenes in cin iii and in stage i and ii invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.	to examine the prevalence of genital type human papilloma virus (hpv) and mutations at codons 12, 13, and 61 in h, ki, and n-ras in cin iii and early invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the cervix.	1998	9828814
expression of keratin 13, 14 and 19 in oral squamous cell carcinomas from sudanese snuff dippers: lack of association with human papillomavirus infection.	in stratified squamous epithelia, altered expression of keratins (ks) is one possible marker of malignant potential. in the epithelium of the uterine cervix, presence of human papillomaviruses (hpvs) is increasingly regarded as a marker of risk for cervical cancer. however, a similar role in oral cancer and precancer remains controversial. to address these questions, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded oral carcinomas from sudanese snuff dippers (n=14) and oral carcinomas from sudanese (n=14), swe ...	1998	9833698
detection and typing of human papillomavirus dna in benign and malignant tumours of laryngeal epithelium.	the role of human papillomaviruses (hpv) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma has not yet been established. thirty-three cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma were analysed for the presence of hpv dna and compared with 25 cases of normal larynx and 29 cases of laryngeal squamous papilloma in their positivity index. the presence of hpv dna was analysed by using l1 consensus primers and also by primers specific for the e7 gene of hpv types 16 and 18. four normal laryngeal samples (16%) were p ...	1998	9840518
high-risk human papillomavirus infection and overexpression of p53 protein in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus from japan.	the present study was undertaken in order to investigate the possible involvement of high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv; types 16 and 18) or the overexpression of p53 protein in 123 japanese patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (scc) from five different institutions. we detected hpv dna in 30.1% (37/123) by in situ hybridization (ish). of these 123 cases, hpv type 16 was detected in 22 cases and hpv type 18 in 23 cases. in addition, hpv types 16 and 18 were detected simultaneously i ...	1998	9844797
hpv and cancer: the story unfolds.		1998	9846352
high prevalence of cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia in women treated for pelvic inflammatory disease.	because human papillomavirus (hpv) is sexually transmitted, as are pelvic inflammatory disease (pid) agents, the authors investigated whether cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (cin) are more frequent in women under treatment for pid. the study involved 298 patients hospitalized for pid, in whom cin were investigated by smears and colposcopy. cin were diagnosed in 42 patients, i.e. in 14% of patients: 21 low-grade cin and 21 high-grade cin, including one case of early-stage microinvasion. these ...	1998	9846714
expression status of p16 protein is associated with human papillomavirus oncogenic potential in cervical and genital lesions.	the p16 protein (p16) is a cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor that decelerates the cell cycle by inactivating the cdks that phosphorylate retinoblastoma (rb) protein. recent biological studies have revealed that p16 expression is markedly influenced by the status of rb expression, and p16 overexpression has been demonstrated in cervical cancers because of functional inactivation of rb by human papillomavirus (hpv) e7 protein. to clarify the relationship between p16 overexpression and hpv in ...	1998	9846965
[hybrid tumor of the penis: is this denomination correct?].	few cases of verrucous carcinoma of the penis with foci of invasive squamous cell carcinoma have been reported and denominated "hybrid tumors". the accuracy of this term is discussed in this paper.	1998	9859589
detection of hpv-16 genome in human oral cancers and potentially malignant lesions from india.	the presence of high risk human papilloma virus (hpv) 16 and 18 was examined in 100 oral cancer patients of indian descent, 80 patients with potentially malignant oral lesions and corresponding clinically normal mucosa from 48 of these patients. additionally, presence of hpv-33, -6 and -11 was also studied in 86 oral cancers, 50 potentially malignant oral lesions and 30 corresponding normal oral mucosa. all the patients with oral cancer and oral lesions, were long term tobacco-chewers, and a maj ...	1998	9861351
gynaecological conditions associated with hiv infection in women who are partners of hiv-positive thai blood donors.	women who were partners of hiv-positive blood donors were enrolled in a study of heterosexual hiv transmission between march 1992 and december 1996 and were interviewed and examined. gynaecological conditions, including cervical dysplasia, human papillomavirus (hpv) infection, gonorrhoea, chlamydial infection, trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, vaginal candidiasis and syphilis were assessed in addition to hiv status and cd4 level. of 481 women enrolled, 224 (46.6%) were hiv seropositive. hiv-i ...	1998	9863581