Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [acute acalculous cholecystitis associated with acute hepatitis a virus infection]. | although acute cholecystitis in the context of acute hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is extremely rare, previous cases have been reported. however, this manifestation of hav infection is little known. in the present article, we briefly review previously documented cases and present a new case. we report the case of a 39-year-old woman with fever, abdominal pain and moderately elevated transaminase levels who developed jaundice and peritoneal irritation. diagnosis of acute cholecystitis was giv ... | 2008 | 18783688 |
| improved cell mediated immune responses after successful re-vaccination of non-responders to the hepatitis b virus surface antigen (hbsag) vaccine using the combined hepatitis a and b vaccine. | we successfully re-vaccinated hepatitis b virus (hbv) vaccine non-responders using a double dose of the combined hepatitis a virus (hav) and hbv vaccine. the hope was to improve priming of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag)-specific cell mediated immune response (cmi) by an increased antigen dose and a theoretical adjuvant-effect from the local presence of a hav-specific cmi. a few non-responders had a detectable hbsag-specific cmi before re-vaccination. an in vitro detectable hbsag-specific cm ... | 2008 | 18804140 |
| [molecular-epidemiologic characteristic of hepatitis a outbreak among workers of food stores network]. | investigation of hepatitis a (ha) outbreak developed in 2005 among workers of food stores networkwas performed using conventional epidemiologic diagnostics as well as methods of molecular epidemiology. in 14 of 15 ill persons, using polymerase chain reaction, hav rna was detected by pcr in serum obtained on 2 - 25 day of illness (mean - 9.3 days). in 10 cases it was possible to determine nucleotide sequence of vp1/vp2 region of hav genome and perform phylogenetic analysis of obtained isolates. i ... | 2008 | 18819407 |
| bioaccumulation, retention, and depuration of enteric viruses by crassostrea virginica and crassostrea ariakensis oysters. | crassostrea ariakensis oysters are under review for introduction into the chesapeake bay. however, the human health implications of the introduction have not been fully addressed. this study evaluated rates of bioaccumulation, retention, and depuration of viruses by crassostrea virginica and c. ariakensis when the two oyster species were maintained in separate tanks containing synthetic seawater of various salinities (8, 12, or 20 ppt). oyster bioaccumulation tanks were seeded with 10(3) pfu/ml ... | 2008 | 18820067 |
| has the time come to control hepatitis a globally? matching prevention to the changing epidemiology. | for the first time a global meeting on hepatitis a virus (hav) infection as vaccine preventable disease was organized at the end of 2007. more than 200 experts from 46 countries gathered to investigate the changing global hav epidemiology reflecting the increasing numbers of persons at risk for severe clinical disease and mortality from hav infection. the benefits of childhood and adult hepatitis a (hepa) vaccination strategies and the data needed by individual countries and international health ... | 2008 | 18837827 |
| changing epidemiology of hepatitis a in brazil: reassessing immunization policy. | recent studies have shown that the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis a virus (hav) is decreasing in several latin american countries. brazil is a very large and heterogeneous country, showing striking regional differences. with regard to sanitary facilities, 81.7% of the districts in the south-eastern region have sewage systems, compared with only 5.8% in the northern region. results of sero-epidemiological studies and reported hepatitis a outbreaks indicate a change in the epidemiological pat ... | 2008 | 18837829 |
| decline in the risk of hepatitis a virus infection in china, a country with booming economy and changing lifestyles. | the objective of the study was to identify the protective factors for the rapid decline in the risk of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in china between 1990 and 2006. results of serological follow-up and data on annual hepatitis a incidence were analysed and correlated with economic growth and hav vaccine output during the same period. in conclusion, both hav vaccination and changing lifestyles associated with the booming economy contributed to the rapid risk decline. changing lifestyles playe ... | 2008 | 18837831 |
| modern epidemiology of hepatitis a in the north-western region of the russian federation. | the epidemiological features of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection were studied in eleven territories located in the north-western region of the russian federation. the dynamics of hav infection in russia and in the region were evaluated during a 17-year period. the age-specific incidence was calculated and 229 305 patients with acute hav were identified. the analysed database included ha mixed with other viral hepatitis infections: it included information about 8 809 hav patients. special attent ... | 2008 | 18837832 |
| hepatitis a seroprevalence in children and adults in kiev city, ukraine. | ukraine is a zone of moderate hepatitis a endemicity. the changing epidemiology of the disease because of improved hygiene has shifted the burden of hepatitis a to older age groups where the disease is more severe. outbreaks have also become more common as more of the population has become susceptible to hepatitis a virus (hav). to help guide decisions regarding use of hepatitis a vaccine in ukraine, we examined the presence of antibody to hav (anti-hav) in 1001 persons aged 1 to 85 years, visit ... | 2008 | 18837833 |
| hepatitis a acute liver failure: follow-up of paediatric patients in southern brazil. | we retrospectively analysed 33 children and adolescents who had been hospitalized in a liver transplant unit within the previous 10 years for acute liver failure (alf). the patients' age varied between 2 months and 15 years of age (median 6.2 +/- 5.3), and 21 (63%) were male. thirteen patients (39%) were immunoglobulin-m anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) sero-positive. eleven cases (33%) had an undetermined aetiology. the 13 children with hav alf were between 17 months and 15.6 years of age (median 5 ... | 2008 | 18837838 |
| differences in hepatitis a seroprevalence among geographical regions in turkey: a need for regional vaccination recommendations. | hepatitis a is a worldwide vaccine-preventable infection. recommendation of vaccination depends on the endemicity of the disease. the world health organization recommends universal hepatitis a vaccination in intermediate areas; however, there is no need of mass vaccination in high and low endemicity regions. therefore, most of the countries are using a vaccination policy according to the endemicity characteristic representing the whole of the country. the endemicity of this infection varies due ... | 2008 | 18837839 |
| sewage workers: risk of acquiring enteric virus infections including hepatitis a. | to determine if sewage workers have an increased risk of acquiring viral infections, 66 workers at a small wastewater plant in north-eastern italy and 72 control subjects recruited from blood donors were enrolled in a seroprevalence study to determine whether sewage workers are at increased risk of acquiring viral infections. in order to evaluate various risk factors, a questionnaire was filled out by each worker whereas seropositivity to hepatitis a virus, coxsackievirus b2 - b3 - b4 - b5, and ... | 2008 | 18843887 |
| epaxal: a virosomal vaccine to prevent hepatitis a infection. | over the last few decades, different types of inactivated hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccines have been developed: several aluminum-adjuvanted vaccines and an aluminum-free, virosome-formulated vaccine. both types of vaccines are whole-virus preparations that are produced by growth of hav strains in human diploid cell cultures and are subsequently inactivated with formaldehyde. this review summarizes all published papers on a virosome-formulated vaccine, epaxal, based on formalin inactivated hav (s ... | 2008 | 18844588 |
| immunological efficacy of a three-dose schedule of hepatitis a vaccine in hiv-infected adults: hepavac study. | the immunogenicity of vaccines, including vaccine against hepatitis a virus (hav), is impaired in patients with hiv infection, requiring revised immunization regimens. | 2008 | 18845961 |
| autochthonous hepatitis e in southwest england: a comparison with hepatitis a. | the incidence of hepatitis a is falling. in contrast, autochthonous hepatitis e is an emerging infection in developed countries. the objective of this study was to compare both laboratory-confirmed cases of hepatitis a and autochthonous hepatitis e over a 2-year period in cornwall and devon and anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) igg and anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) igg seroprevalence in blood donors. the databases of microbiology laboratories in cornwall and devon were searched for the number of diagn ... | 2008 | 18299907 |
| basic mathematical models for the temporal dynamics of hav in medium-endemicity italian areas. | in some southern italy areas hepatitis a still represents a serious public health issue. in 1996 a big epidemics in puglia led that region to adopt a mass vaccination programme. in this paper a basic mathematical model for the temporal trends of hepatitis a virus (hav) in southern italy is proposed and investigated. the model includes the main distinctive features of hav in southern italy, i.e. multiplicity of exposure factors, and periodic forcing caused by yearly patterns of seafood consumptio ... | 2008 | 18314231 |
| etiology of hemolysis in two patients with hepatitis a infection: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency or autoimmune hemolytic anemia. | we report two children with hemolytic anemia during the course of hepatitis a infection. on admission, the patients had high blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and uric acid levels, as well as anemia, leucocytosis, and direct and indirect hyperbilirubinemia. both patients had a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (g6pd) and autoimmune antibodies. they were given vitamin k on admission. inadvertent administration of vitamin k could have been related to an acute reduction in hemoglobin conc ... | 2008 | 18320220 |
| hepatitis a vaccine versus immune globulin for postexposure prophylaxis. | 2008 | 18234760 | |
| hepatitis a vaccine versus immune globulin for postexposure prophylaxis. | 2008 | 18240428 | |
| detection of hepatitis a virus by using a combined cell culture-molecular beacon assay. | rapid and efficient methods for the detection and quantification of infectious viruses are required for public health risk assessment. current methods to detect infectious viruses are based on mammalian cell culture and rely on the production of visible cytopathic effects (cpe). for hepatitis a virus (hav), viral replication in cell culture has been reported to be nonlytic and relatively slow. it may take more than 1 week to reach the maximum production and subsequent visualization of cpe. a mol ... | 2008 | 18263747 |
| anti-hav activity of some newly synthesized triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazines. | 6-phenyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine-3(2h)-thione 2 was used as precursor for the preparation of some novel 3-s-substituted-6-phenyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine derivatives 3-11. furthermore, the preparation of 1-[2-(6-phenyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-3-ylsulfanyl)-acetyl]-1h-pyrazole derivative 13 and 5-(6-phenyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazin-3-ylsulfanylmethyl)-[1,3,4]oxadiazole derivatives 15 and 17, are described. some of the prepared products revealed a promising antiviral ... | 2008 | 18214848 |
| comparison between serum and saliva for the detection of hepatitis a virus rna. | due to the ease of collection, oral fluid is being investigated as an alternative to serum for diagnostic and epidemiological purposes. however, for prospective studies involving hepatitis a virus (hav) rna detection, a standard methodology must be developed. in the present study, nested rt-pcr and real-time pcr were optimized and evaluated for hav detection and quantification, using oral fluid from healthy volunteers (n=20) and paired serum/oral fluid samples from individuals involved in a hepa ... | 2008 | 18160140 |
| a new liquid intravenous immunoglobulin with three dedicated virus reduction steps: virus and prion reduction capacity. | a new 10% liquid human intravenous immunoglobulin (us trade name: gammagard liquid; european trade name: kiovig) manufactured by a process with three dedicated pathogen inactivation/removal steps (solvent/detergent treatment, 35-nm nanofiltration and low ph/elevated temperature incubation) was developed. the ability of the manufacturing process to inactivate/remove viruses and prions was investigated. | 2008 | 18167162 |
| initial thrombocytopenia as a simple, valuable predictor for clinical manifestation in acute hepatitis a. | although acute hepatitis a (ah-a) is usually self-limited, the clinical manifestations can vary from mild to severe liver dysfunction. however, little is known about the simple, valuable predictors for clinical manifestation in ah-a. the objective of this study was to identify the simple clinical predictors for severe liver dysfunction and its clinical course. | 2008 | 18938776 |
| [is there a shift in the epidemiology of hepatitis a in mexican children?]. | twenty years ago, prevalence of hepatitis a in mexican children was 90%. | 2008 | 18956550 |
| [co-circulation of two genotypes of hepatitis a virus from sporadic cases in northeastern area of seoul, korea]. | in previous studies, most hepatitis a virus (hav) isolates had been genotype ia in korea. recently, a small number of different genotypes were reported with an upsurge of acute hepatitis by hav. we investigated the distribution of hav genotypes. | 2008 | 18971618 |
| comparative recovery of foodborne viruses from fresh produce. | a large percentage of foodborne outbreaks are caused by viruses, and outbreaks associated with fresh produce have increased over the past decade within the united states. virus recovery from food is of the utmost importance in determining the cause of viral outbreaks. while there are many experimental studies investigating viruses on fruits and vegetables, there is a lack of standard techniques concerning the initial inoculation and recovery of viruses. this study investigates the efficiency of ... | 2008 | 18991544 |
| hepatitis a, b, and c infection in a community of sub-saharan immigrants living in verona (italy). | in italy, about 5% of the population is represented by immigrants. the epidemiology of hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), and hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection in africa is very different from europe; the present study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of viral hepatitis infections in sub-saharan african immigrants living in verona. | 2008 | 19006505 |
| prevalence of hepatitis a and b markers and vaccine indication in cirrhotic patients evaluated for liver transplantation in spain. | vaccination against hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) is generally recommended for patients with chronic liver disease and those evaluated for liver transplantation in the absence of immunity. hav and hbv infections after liver transplantation are frequent and associated with a worse prognosis. the data suggest that the number of patients with chronic liver disease without naturally acquired immunity against hav and hbv is substantial, and that new vaccination strategies are ne ... | 2008 | 19010155 |
| acute viral infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: description of 23 cases and review of the literature. | few studies have evaluated the impact of viral infections on the daily management of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle). we analyzed the etiology and clinical features of acute viral infections arising in patients with sle and their influence on the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of sle. cases occurring within the last 5 years were selected from the databases of 3 large teaching hospitals. acute viral infections were confirmed by the identification of specific antiviral igm an ... | 2008 | 19011502 |
| [studies on simultaneous detection of four foodborneviruses by multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction]. | to establish a method for simultaneous detection of norovirus (nv), rotavirus (rv), astrovirus (av) and hepatitis a virus (hav) by multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). | 2008 | 19040044 |
| prevalence of hepatitis b, tetanus, hepatitis a, human immunodeficiency virus and feasibility of vaccine delivery among injecting drug users in bangkok, thailand, 2003-2005. | to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis b virus (hbv), tetanus, hepatitis a virus (hav) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in injecting drug users (idus), risk factors associated with infection and the feasibility of hbv vaccine delivery in hbv seronegatives. | 2008 | 18705685 |
| recovery and sequence analysis of hepatitis a virus from springwater implicated in an outbreak of acute viral hepatitis. | an outbreak of acute hepatitis a virus in north carolina was linked to drinking water from a contaminated shallow spring by phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis a virus (hav) genomic sequences. detection of hav and fecal indicators in the water provided useful and timely information to assist with public health prevention and control measures. | 2008 | 18708522 |
| impaired immunity to recall antigens and neoantigens in severely immunocompromised children and adolescents during the first year of effective highly active antiretroviral therapy. | we studied whether severely immunocompromised, human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected children who were beginning highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) or changing haart regimens could spontaneously respond to a recall antigen (tetanus toxoid [tt] vaccine) or respond to a recall antigen and neoantigen (hepatitis a virus [hav] vaccine) after 3 vaccinations. | 2008 | 18752430 |
| detection of hepatitis a virus from oyster by nested pcr using efficient extraction and concentration method. | the molecular methods using polymerase chain reaction have been proposed as useful tools for the identification of viral pathogens in food and water. however, the pcr-based methods are highly dependent on the methods of virus concentration and nucleic acid purification due to the low sensitivity of pcr in the presence of pcr inhibitors. we developed tptt [tris elution buffer-peg-trizol-poly(dt) magnetic bead] protocol in order to detect hepatitis a virus (hav) inoculated in oyster digestive glan ... | 2008 | 18758735 |
| a food-borne outbreak of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in a secondary school in upper normandy, france, in november 2006. | in november 2006, six symptomatic cases of hepatitis a in pupils of a secondary school in upper normandy, france, were reported to the district health service. this paper describes the outbreak investigation undertaken with the aim to identify the vehicle and source of infection, implement control measures and estimate the size of the outbreak. a primary case at the secondary school was defined as a pupil or a member of the staff with igm anti-hav detected in the serum and with onset of symptoms ... | 2008 | 18761959 |
| fatal outcome of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in a traveler with incomplete hav vaccination and evidence of rift valley fever virus infection. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is rarely fatal except in patients with chronic liver disease. in the case reported here, an elderly women died of hav infection 12 years after incomplete hav vaccination. the possible role of a concordant rift valley fever virus infection acquired in kenya is discussed. | 2008 | 18768649 |
| identification of a conserved rna replication element (cre) within the 3dpol-coding sequence of hepatoviruses. | internally located, cis-acting rna replication elements (cre) have been identified within the genomes of viruses representing each of the major picornavirus genera (enterovirus, rhinovirus, aphthovirus, and cardiovirus) except hepatovirus. previous efforts to identify a stem-loop structure with cre function in hepatitis a virus (hav), the type species of this genus, by phylogenetic analyses or thermodynamic predictions have not succeeded. however, a region of markedly suppressed synonymous codon ... | 2008 | 18684812 |
| [the analysis to the serological epidemiology of hepatitis virus of fangshan district in beijing]. | 2008 | 18686871 | |
| [clinical features of acute hepatitis a in recent two years]. | the purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical features of acute hepatitis a in seoul and gyeonggi province during the recent 2 years. | 2008 | 19077476 |
| [immunity against hepatitis a virus in patients with chronic hepatitis c]. | because of high fatality rate associated with acute infection by hepatitis a virus (hav) in chronic hepatitis c patients, it is of interest to know the prevalence of immunization against hav in these patients. | 2008 | 19080825 |
| a simple and rapid hepatitis a virus (hav) titration assay based on antibiotic resistance of infected cells: evaluation of the hav neutralization potency of human immune globulin preparations. | hepatitis a virus (hav), the causative agent of acute hepatitis in humans, is an atypical picornaviridae that grows poorly in cell culture. hav titrations are laborious and time-consuming because the virus in general does not cause cytopathic effect and is detected by immunochemical or molecular probes. simple hav titration assays could be developed using currently available viral construct containing selectable markers. | 2008 | 19094229 |
| [development of an extraction and concentration method for the detection of hepatitis a virus in different samples]. | to develop an extraction and concentration method for the detection of hepatitis a virus (hav) in shellfish, water, serum and saliva samples by nested rt-pcr. | 2008 | 19105352 |
| an epidemiological study of enteric viruses in sewage with molecular characterization by rt-pcr and sequence analysis. | the aim of this study was to assess the presence and seasonal frequency of various enteric viruses in wastewater treatment. the detection of astrovirus, norovirus, enterovirus, hepatitis a virus (hav) and rotavirus was carried out by molecular analyses in concentrated water samples collected over 18 months at the entrance and exit of an activated sludge sewage treatment plant. the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) results were confirmed by sequencing, and comparative phylo ... | 2008 | 19108555 |
| hav in isfahan province: a population-based study. | hepatitis a infection is caused by the hepatitis a virus (hav). improved sanitary conditions have resulted in a significant decline in the incidence of hepatitis a. there is inadequate data about the epidemiology of this infection in iran. therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate the anti-hav seroprevalence in isfahan province in iran in 2006. | 2008 | 19115608 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus antibodies among a sample of egyptian children. | we determined the seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus antibodies (hav ab) among 296 egyptian children aged 2.5-18 years of different social classes to ascertain whether to give hav vaccine early in life or to leave children to acquire natural immunity. overall 61.4% were seropositive for hav ab. there was a significant increase in the seroprevalence of hav ab with higher age and lower social class; in children aged < 6 years, 72.7% of high and 19.0% of low social class were seronegative for hav ... | 2008 | 19161074 |
| epidemiological transition of hepatitis a in india: issues for vaccination in developing countries. | with improvement in economic and living conditions of the communities, the age of acquiring hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is shifting from early childhood to adolescence and young adulthood. such epidemiological shift leads to an increased incidence of symptomatic hav infection, including heightened risk of liver failure. data from india indicate that the population is no longer homogeneous for its hav exposure profile. occasional outbreaks of hav and higher proportions of symptomatic cases ... | 2008 | 19246792 |
| detection of hepatitis a virus rna from children patients with acute and fulminant hepatitis of unknown etiology in vietnam: genomic characterization of vietnamese hav strain. | although it is thought that vietnam is a high endemic region of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection, there is no report on genomic characterization of hav spread in vietnam. the purpose of the present paper was therefore to identify various virus infections from 33 children with acute or fulminant hepatitis of unknown etiology admitted to children's hospital no.1 in ho chi minh city, vietnam. | 2008 | 19261107 |
| post-exposure prophylaxis for hepatitis a: immune globulin, vaccine or both? | 2008 | 19350959 | |
| hepatitis a and hepatitis b vaccination responses in persons with chronic hepatitis c infections: a review of the evidence and current recommendations. | in persons with chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) infections, superinfection by hepatitis a virus (hav) or hepatitis b virus (hbv) can cause serious complications, including fulminating hepatitis or increased severity of hepatitis. therefore, it is important to adequately protect persons with chronic hcv infections by immunization. suboptimal response to vaccines has been reported in patients with chronic liver disease. the present article reviews hav and hbv vaccine responses reported in the lite ... | 2008 | 19352452 |
| new target tissue for food-borne virus detection in oysters. | to evaluate the different tissues of naturally contaminated oyster for food-borne virus detection. methods and | 2008 | 19146529 |
| molecular characterization of hepatitis a virus isolates from goiânia, gioás, brazil. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is a public health problem worldwide and the virus has been classified into six genotypes. in brazil, the only genotype that has been found is genotype i, predominately from subgenotype ia. here, the hav genotypes were analyzed of 18 isolates circulating between 1996-2001 in goiânia, state of goiás, brazil. viral rna was extracted from 18 serum samples and amplified (rt-pcr/nested-pcr), followed by the genomic sequencing of the vp1/2a junction region of the hav ... | 2008 | 19148425 |
| protecting contacts of hepatitis a: what's the difference between vaccine and human normal immunoglobulin? | the efficacy of vaccine when time since exposure is prolonged (more than 1 week from onset of illness in the index case) is unknown, but is likely to be significantly lower than human normal immunoglobulin (hnig). we estimated the number of additional secondary cases that may occur through giving vaccine instead of hnig to contacts of cases of hepatitis a who are identified more than 1 week after onset in the index case. this was calculated for different levels of vaccine efficacy, assuming hnig ... | 2008 | 17352837 |
| the underestimated risk of hepatitis a and hepatitis b: benefits of an accelerated vaccination schedule. | hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) are vaccine-preventable. current recommendations advocate vaccination of non-immune adults at risk of exposure, including travelers to hav or hbv endemic areas, individuals with high risk of contracting a sexually transmitted infection, and some correctional facility inmates. we review the use of an accelerated schedule to administer the combination hepatitis a and hepatitis b vaccine (twinrix). administering three doses over three weeks and a ... | 2008 | 17643334 |
| impaired function of cd4+/cd25+ t regulatory lymphocytes characterizes the self-limited hepatitis a virus infection. | hepatitis a virus (hav) causes a transient illness leaving permanent protection against reinfection. few data are available on the regulatory mechanisms involved in the cd4+ t helper activation. we aimed to investigate the frequency and function of cd3+/cd4+/cd25+ t cells with regulatory function (tregs) during acute hav infection. | 2008 | 17645467 |
| the picornavirus avian encephalomyelitis virus possesses a hepatitis c virus-like internal ribosome entry site element. | avian encephalomyelitis virus (aev) is a picornavirus that causes disease in poultry worldwide, and flocks must be vaccinated for protection. aev is currently classified within the hepatovirus genus, since its proteins are most closely related to those of hepatitis a virus (hav). we now provide evidence that the 494-nucleotide-long 5' untranslated region of the aev genome contains an internal ribosome entry site (ires) element that functions efficiently in vitro and in mammalian cells. unlike th ... | 2008 | 18077729 |
| hepatitis a virus mutant spectra under the selective pressure of monoclonal antibodies: codon usage constraints limit capsid variability. | severe structural constraints in the hepatitis a virus (hav) capsid have been suggested as the reason for the lack of emergence of new serotypes in spite of the occurrence of complex distributions of mutants or quasispecies. analysis of the hav mutant spectra under immune pressure by the monoclonal antibodies (mabs) k34c8 (immunodominant site) and h7c27 (glycophorin binding site) has revealed different evolutionary dynamics. populations composed of complex ensembles of mutants with very low fitn ... | 2008 | 18057242 |
| changing patterns of hepatitis a and e sero-prevalences in children after the 1999 earthquakes in duzce, turkey. | hepatitis a and e are enteric viral diseases that are characteristically found in developing countries. sero-epidemiological data about both infections showed higher prevalence rates soon after the 1999 earthquakes in duzce, turkey. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the data 4 years after the earthquakes. | 2008 | 17999670 |
| molecular characterization of hepatitis a virus in children with fulminant hepatic failure in argentina. | hepatitis a infection, a vaccine-preventable disease, is an important cause of fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) in children in argentina. universal vaccination in 1-year-old children was implemented in june 2005. the limited studies about the correlation between the characteristics of the hepatitis a virus (hav) and fhf have been carried out in adults. | 2008 | 18028318 |
| hepatitis a incidence and hospital-based seroprevalence in italy: a nation-wide study. | to define the pattern of hav infection in italy and to study the differences among geographic areas (northern, central and southern italy) and age-classes, we performed hav antibody testing on sera collected in 1996-1997 from a large sample of the italian population and compared the results with those of other seroprevalence studies and with incidence data for the period 1985-2005, calculated by a surveillance system specific for acute viral hepatitis based on symptomatic cases. a total of 3,561 ... | 2008 | 17978852 |
| immunogenicity, safety, and interchangeability of two inactivated hepatitis a vaccines in chilean children. | to compare the immunogenicity, safety, and interchangeability of two pediatric hepatitis a vaccines, avaxim 80u-pediatric and havrix 720, in chilean children. | 2008 | 17988917 |
| incidence of hav and hbv infections and vaccination rates in patients with autoimmune liver diseases. | hepatitis a virus (hav) or hepatitis b virus (hbv) superinfection is associated with an increased mortality in patients with chronic liver diseases (cld). despite official recommendations, it was reported that the vaccination rate against hav is low in patients with chronic hepatitis c infection. to evaluate the situation in patients with autoimmune liver diseases, we conducted a retrospective cohort study. | 2008 | 17970833 |
| epidemiological and virological characterization of a large community-wide outbreak of hepatitis a in southern italy. | a large outbreak of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection occurred in 2004 in campania, a region of southern italy, with 882 cases reported between 1 january and 1 august. the local public health authorities and the italian national institute of health carried out investigations in order to characterize the agent, identify the source of infection and the route of transmission, and implement appropriate control measures. a web-based reporting system enhanced the flow of information between public hea ... | 2008 | 17892633 |
| rapid and sensitive detection of hepatitis a virus in representative food matrices. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is an important cause of foodborne disease worldwide. the detection of this virus in naturally contaminated food products is complicated by the absence of a reliable culture method, low levels of contamination, and the presence of matrix-associated compounds which inhibit molecular detection. in this study, we report a novel method to concentrate hav from foods prior to the application of reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) for detection. specifically, we used cationically ... | 2008 | 17931710 |
| 3 for life: a model pilot program to prevent hepatitis b virus infection and liver cancer in asian and pacific islander americans. | 3 for life aims to increase hepatitis b virus (hbv) awareness and reduce the high prevalence of undiagnosed chronic hbv infection and susceptibility among asian/pacific islander (api) adults. | 2009 | 19149422 |
| [prevalence of anti-hepatitis a virus antibodies in chidren in marrakech]. | to determine the prevalence of anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) antibodies among moroccan children and to examine some of the factors influencing its transmission. | 2009 | 19836677 |
| assessment of human enteric viruses in cultured and wild bivalve molluscs. | standard and real-time reverse transcription-pcr (rrt-pcr) procedures were used to monitor cultured and wild bivalve molluscs from the ría de vigo (nw spain) for the main human enteric rna viruses, specifically, norovirus (nov), hepatitis a virus (hav), astrovirus (asv), rotavirus (rt), enterovirus (ev), and aichi virus (aiv). the results showed the presence of at least one enteric virus in 63.4% of the 41 samples analyzed. nov gii was the most prevalent virus, detected in 53.7% of the samples, ... | 2009 | 19784920 |
| natural course of fulminant hepatic failure: the scenario in bangladesh and the differences from the west. | fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) is a devastating complication of acute viral hepatitis, leading to death in most cases. the etiology and predictors of outcome differ according to the geographical region. this study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the etiology, complications, and outcome of fhf in bangladesh. | 2009 | 19794267 |
| vaccination strategies against hepatitis a in travelers older than 40 years: an economic evaluation. | in recent years, the number of travelers aged >40 years who acquire hepatitis a while traveling has increased. therefore, there is a need to review hepatitis a vaccination protocols in travelers. the aims of the study were to assess immunity levels to hepatitis a virus (hav) in international travelers >40 years and to determine the least costly immunization strategy. | 2009 | 19796106 |
| risk assessment in shellfish-borne outbreaks of hepatitis a. | in the present work, we aimed at determining the relationship between the hepatitis a virus (hav) numbers in imported frozen coquina clams involved in two hepatitis outbreaks, as well as the risk for human health. due to hav unculturability, a standardized taqman real-time reverse transcription-pcr controlling the virus/nucleic acid extraction and enzyme efficiencies was employed to figure the exposure dose for clams responsible for hepatitis cases. hav numbers were then employed to figure the r ... | 2009 | 19820160 |
| molecular characterization of hepatitis a virus isolated from acute gastroenteritis patients in the seoul region of korea. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is a major public health problem throughout the world. as a result of declining hav endemic in korea, an increasing number of children and adolescents have become susceptible to hav infection. hav is related with sanitation conditions of the environment and is transmitted via the fecal-oral route, either through person-to-person contact or by contaminated water and food. the present study has been carried out to determine the phylogenetic analysis and circulating patterns ... | 2009 | 19466614 |
| kinetics of hepatitis a virus replication in vivo and in vitro using negative-strand quantitative pcr. | the replication of hepatitis a virus (hav) is via a complementary negative-strand rna. each negative strand may serve as a template for the synthesis of many positive strands. the aim of this study was to detect the intermediate replicative (negative strand) of hav in order to monitor its replication in vitro and in vivo. real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was standardized to detect the intermediate replicative of hav in cell culture and liver from non-human primates infected experimental ... | 2009 | 19468763 |
| hepatitis vaccination and infection among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men who attend gyms in new york city. | the authors examined hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) vaccination rates, hepatitis infection, and health care access in a gym-attending sample of 311 gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (msm) in new york city. overall, 69% reported having been vaccinated for hav and 70% reported having been vaccinated for hbv. multivariate models were used to identify predictors of hav and hbv vaccination, and younger men, hiv-positive men, and men who had access to a doctor or ... | 2009 | 19477727 |
| surveillance for acute viral hepatitis - united states, 2007. | in the united states, acute viral hepatitis most frequently is caused by infection with any of three distinct viruses: hepatitis a virus (hav), hepatitis b virus (hbv), or hepatitis c virus (hcv). these unrelated viruses are transmitted through different routes and have different epidemiologic profiles. safe and effective vaccines have been available for hepatitis b since 1981 and for hepatitis a since 1995. no vaccine exists against hepatitis c. hbv and hcv can persist as chronic infections and ... | 2009 | 19478727 |
| hepatitis c performance measure on hepatitis a and b vaccination: missed opportunities? | prevention of hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection in patients with chronic hepatitis c (chc) through vaccination is endorsed by all major professional societies. this study was conducted to determine adherence to the recently adopted physician performance measure on hav and hbv vaccination. | 2009 | 19491840 |
| the epidemiology of hepatitis a virus infections in four pacific island nations, 1995-2008. | historically, hepatitis a virus (hav) has been highly prevalent in developing countries, with most infections occurring during childhood, when they are likely to be asymptomatic. shifts in the acquisition of infection from childhood to adulthood, when clinical hepatitis is more likely, may leave populations vulnerable to large outbreaks. we conducted cross-sectional serosurveys from 1995 to 2008 in four pacific island nations to determine the proportion of people previously infected with hav by ... | 2009 | 19520409 |
| synthesis and antiviral evaluation of 5-(1,2,3-triazol-1-ylmethyl)uridine derivatives. | some 5-(1,2,3-triazol-1-ylmethyl)uridine derivatives were synthesized via the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of a 5-azidomethyluridine derivative with substituted acetylenes. the antiviral activities of these compounds against hepatitis a virus (hav, mbb cell culture-adapted strain) and herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) were tested. | 2009 | 19526706 |
| community-based cross-sectional seroprevalence study of hepatitis a in bangladesh. | to elucidate the age-distribution of anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) seroprevalence across different socioeconomic status (ses) categories in bangladesh which, despite scarce data, is generally deemed to have high endemicity. | 2009 | 19842225 |
| development of a fluorescent in situ method for visualization of enteric viruses. | studying the interactions between enteric pathogens and their environment is important to improving our understanding of their persistence and transmission. however, this remains challenging in large part because of difficulties associated with tracking pathogens in their natural environment(s). in this study, we report a fluorescent labeling strategy which was applied to murine norovirus (mnv-1), a human norovirus surrogate, and hepatitis a virus (hav). specifically, streptavidin-labeled quantu ... | 2009 | 19854924 |
| the interaction of hepatitis a virus (hav) with soluble forms of its cellular receptor 1 (havcr1) share the physiological requirements of infectivity in cell culture. | hepatitis a virus (hav), an atypical picornaviridae that causes acute hepatitis in humans, usurps the hav cellular receptor 1 (havcr1) to infect cells. havcr1 is a class 1 integral membrane glycoprotein that contains two extracellular domains: a virus-binding immunoglobulin-like (igv) domain and a mucin-like domain that extends the igv from the cell membrane. soluble forms of havcr1 bind, alter, and neutralize cell culture-adapted hav, which is attenuated for humans. however, the requirements of ... | 2009 | 19860892 |
| hepatitis a seroprevalence and risk factors among homeless adults in san francisco: should homelessness be included in the risk-based strategy for vaccination? | homeless adults have an increased risk of infectious diseases due to sexual and drug-related behaviors and substandard living conditions. we investigated the prevalence and risk factors for presence of hepatitis a virus (hav) antibodies among homeless and marginally housed adults. | 2009 | 19894423 |
| survival of hepatitis a virus in spinach during low temperature storage. | spinach leaves are frequently consumed raw and have been involved with past foodborne outbreaks. in this study, we examined the survival of hepatitis a virus (hav) on fresh spinach leaves in moisture- and gas-permeable packages that were stored at 5.4 +/- 1.2 degrees c for up to 42 days. different eluents including phosphate-buffered saline (pbs), ph 7.5 (with and without 2% serum), and 3% beef extract (ph 7.5 and 8) were compared for how efficiently they recovered viruses from spinach by using ... | 2009 | 19903406 |
| hepatitis a virus (hav) packaging size limit. | hepatitis a virus (hav), an atypical picornaviridae that causes acute hepatitis in humans, grows poorly in cell culture and in general does not cause cytopathic effect. foreign sequences have been inserted into different parts of the hav genome. however, the packaging size limit of hav has not been determined. the purpose of the present study is to investigate the maximum size of additional sequences that the hav genome can tolerate without loosing infectivity. | 2009 | 19922643 |
| virosomal hepatitis a vaccine: comparing intradermal and subcutaneous with intramuscular administration. | vaccination against hepatitis a virus (hav) is unaffordable to many developing countries. substantial reductions in cost occur when vaccines are administered intradermally at low doses. aluminum-free hav vaccines are considered more suitable for intradermal use than traditional vaccines which can cause long-lasting local reactions. thus, we compared the immunogenicity and safety of an aluminum-free virosomal hav vaccine (epaxal) administered by different routes: intradermal (i.d.), subcutaneous ... | 2009 | 19930383 |
| evaluation of ha negatively charged membranes in the recovery of human adenoviruses and hepatitis a virus in different water matrices. | human adenoviruses (hadv) and hepatitis a virus (hav) are shed in the faeces and consequently may be present in environmental waters, resulting in an increase in pathogen concentration that can affect water quality and human health. the aim of this study was to evaluate an adsorption-elution method which utilizes negatively charged membrane ha to determine the efficient recovery of hadv and hav from different water matrices and to combine this procedure with a qualitative molecular method (neste ... | 2009 | 20027462 |
| [epidemiology and clinical features of acute hepatitis a: from the domestic perspective]. | acute viral hepatitis a has recently become a major public health problem in korea, and the incidence of symptomatic hepatitis a is growing rapidly. with improvements in socioeconomic conditions and environmental hygiene, the chances of exposure to hepatitis a virus (hav) during childhood have decreased and, in turn, the proportion of young adults with positive anti-hav has significantly decreased. this has led to the incidence of symptomatic acute hepatitis a increasing since the late 1990s. th ... | 2009 | 20037262 |
| [a study on seroprevalence of anti-hav igg in adults of 4 cities in china]. | to investigate the seroprevalence of anti-hav igg in adults of 4 cities in china. | 2009 | 20038329 |
| general epidemiological parameters of viral hepatitis a, b, c, and e in six regions of china: a cross-sectional study in 2007. | viral hepatitis is a serious health burden worldwide. to date, few reports have addressed the prevalence of hepatitis a, b, c, and e in china. therefore, the general epidemiological parameters of viral hepatitis remain unknown. | 2009 | 20041146 |
| [hepatitis a virus seropositivity among healthcare workers at a university hospital in korea]. | healthcare workers (hcw) are known as a risk group of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection and vaccination of this group against hav has been suggested. however, the seroprevalence of hav antibody among hcw in korea has not been reported. we investigated the seropositivity of hav antibody in hcw, to obtain a baseline data. | 2009 | 20046087 |
| [an epidemiological analysis of hepatitis a virus serologic markers during the recent four years in korea]. | to establish effective preventive measures for hepatitis a virus (hav) infection, a nationwide epidemiologic study on seroprevalence of anti-hav and the disease prevalence is needed. the aim of this study was to analyze the recent sero-epidemiological changes of hepatitis a markers in korea. | 2009 | 20046089 |
| [hepatitis a virus detection in shellfish from tunisia by reverse transcription-nested pcr - investigation of a correlation between viral and bacterial contamination.] | objectives: we aimed at evaluating the contamination by hepatitis a virus (hav) of 54 shellfish samples collected from five tunisian shellfish harvesting areas and finding a correlation between bacterial and viral contamination. material and methods: fifty-four shellfish samples were analysed in our study. two methods of viral extraction were evaluated by reverse transcription-nested pcr. the first one was based on elution by glycine solution and the second one used a beef extract solution. bact ... | 2009 | 19944542 |
| viral hepatitis, hiv, human herpes virus and treponema pallidum infection in haemodialysis patients from kosovo, 2005. | the serological status of hepatitis viruses and other infectious diseases in the 66 dialysed patients of one haemodialysis unit in kosovo were studied, comparing the data with a large group of blood donors and out-patients. all dialysed patients were hepatitis a virus (hav) positive. prevalence of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), hepatitis b surface antibodies (anti-hbs), and hepatitis b core antibodies (anti-hbc) was 14 of 66, 21% (95% confidence interval (ci): 12-33%), 5 of 66, 8% (95%ci: ... | 2009 | 20003903 |
| [comparison of antibody persistence between live attenuated and inactivated hepatitis a vaccines]. | to study the antibody persistence of live attenuated hepatitits a vaccine, and to compare the antibody between with inactivated vaccine. | 2009 | 20077725 |
| [the immunogenicity and impact factors of hepatitis a attenuated live vaccine and inactivated vaccine]. | hepatitis a is one of the global public health problems, and china has high prevalence. in order to decrease the incidence of hepatitis a, china has integrated hepatitis a vaccine into expanded program on immunization (epi) in 2007. the paper will provide some ideas on the immunogenicity and impact factors of the different types of hepatitis a vaccines that are used in china. | 2009 | 20077742 |
| [phylogenetic analysis indicates human origin of rotavirus and hepatitis a virus strains found in the drinking water of western colombia]. | quibdó, the capital of chocó province, is one of the poorest cities in colombia. enteric viruses such as rotavirus and hepatitis a virus was found to occur commonly in city drinking water and indicated poor water quality and high risk of becoming infected. the source of these viruses was unknown, but humans and cattle were suspect sources. | 2009 | 20128346 |
| [retrospective clinical epidemiology research on a sample of 277 patients with viral hepatitis a, 20-70 aged, from the suceava county, between 2001-2008]. | authors present some results of clinical epidemiological research carried out on a sample of 277 patients with viral hepatitis a (vha), hospitalized in suceava county, during 8 years. material and method: an annual evolution of vha incidence correlated with the epidemiological territorial situation was highlighted. results: incidence of vha in 20-40 age group represented 70.8%, and 33.5% in 20-25 age group. diagnosis index was unfavourable with influence for interval of hospitalization over 21 d ... | 2009 | 20191903 |
| molecular characterization of hepatitis a virus causing an outbreak among thai navy recruits. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is a communicable disease, typically transmitted by faecal-oral contamination. hav outbreaks usually occur in endemic areas. we report an outbreak of hav from june to july, 2008 among thai navy recruits who had received training at the sattahip navy base, chonburi province, thailand. upon conclusion of the training, the recruits were deployed to serve at several navy bases across the country. secondary cases of hav infection were reported among military personne ... | 2009 | 20237451 |
| [genetic analysis of hav strains isolated from patients with acute hepatitis in hebei shijiazhuang of china]. | to characterize the hepatitis a virus (hav) wild type strains circulating in hebei shijiazhuang of china during 2005-2007, to provide the bases for further investigation of the sources of hav infection. | 2009 | 20387485 |
| [genotyping of hepatitis a virus prevalent strains in xinjiang hetian of china in 2006]. | to analysis the genotypes of wild type hepatitis a virus circulated in xinjiang hetian of china in 2006. | 2009 | 20387486 |
| fulminant hepatitis failure in adults and children from a public hospital in rio de janeiro, brazil. | fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) is characterized by massive hepatocellular injury, whose physiopathology is still unclear. hepatitis b (hbv) is probably the most common viral cause of fhf, while hepatitis a (hav) virus seem occurs less frequently. however, the host and viral factors that determine the outcome of these infections are poorly understood. in the present study, viral load and genotyping determining regions of hav and hbv genomes were sequenced. eight fhf patients and one patient with ... | 2009 | 20428629 |