Publications

lymphokine activated killer cells in murine coxsackievirus b3 myocarditis.	the purpose of the present study was to determine whether lymphokine activated killer (lak) cells were involved in the development of coxsackievirus b3 (cb3) myocarditis in both the acute viremic (experiment i) and the subacute aviremic (experiment ii) stages. to induce lak cells, recombinant human interleukin-2 (il-2) was administered to cb3-infected mice subcutaneously daily, starting on day 0 in experiment i and on day 7 in experiment ii for 7 days, respectively. the treated groups were compa ...	1997	9464864
expression of cytokine mrnas in murine hearts with acute myocarditis caused by coxsackievirus b3.	in murine acute viral myocarditis, natural killer (nk) cells infiltrate the heart first, followed by activated t-cells, which play an important role in the pathogenesis of the myocardial damage. because of their multipotential effects, cytokines are thought to play a role in the induction and development of these immune processes. to clarify in more detail the precise mechanism of the cytokine networks involved, the expression of various cytokine mrnas has been investigated in myocardial cells i ...	1997	9370955
distinct pathogenic effects of group b coxsackieviruses on human glomerular and tubular kidney cells.	the six group b coxsackieviruses (cvbs) are highly prevalent human pathogens that cause viremia followed by involvement of different organs. clinical and experimental evidence suggests that cvbs can induce kidney injury, but the susceptibility of human renal cells to these viruses is unknown. by using pure cultures of human glomerular and tubular cells, we demonstrated that all cvbs are capable of productively infecting renal cells of three different histotypes. distinct pathogenic effects were ...	1997	9371576
interaction between echovirus 7 and its receptor, decay-accelerating factor (cd55): evidence for a secondary cellular factor in a-particle formation.	soluble forms of decay-accelerating factor (daf) (cd55), the receptor for echovirus 7, were synthesized in the yeast pichia pastoris. purified recombinant protein containing scr domains 2, 3, and 4, but lacking the serine/threonine rich region, was shown to block infection of susceptible cells by echovirus 7. in contrast to the situation with poliovirus and its receptor, the neutralization of echovirus 7 by soluble daf was completely reversible and did not lead to the formation of 135s a-particl ...	1997	9371589
a decay-accelerating factor-binding strain of coxsackievirus b3 requires the coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor protein to mediate lytic infection of rhabdomyosarcoma cells.	the composition of the cellular receptor complex for coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) has been an area of much contention for the last 30 years. recently, two individual components of a putative cvb3 cellular receptor complex have been identified as (i) decay-accelerating factor (daf) and (ii) the coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor protein (car). the present study elucidates the individual roles of daf and car in cell entry of cvb3 nancy. first, we confirm that the daf-binding phenotype of cvb3 correlat ...	1997	9371658
giant cell myocarditis due to coxsackie b2 virus infection.	giant cell myocarditis is a rare disorder characterized by the histologic hallmark of diffuse inflammatory infiltrates with the appearance of multinucleated giant cells. we report on a 52-year-old man who died of rapidly progressive cardiogenic shock due to giant cell myocarditis. serological and immunoblotting techniques revealed a myocardial infection with coxsackie b2 virus, suggesting a viral etiology of this disease. here we present evidence for the involvement of autoimmune responses to th ...	1997	9129853
purification of the putative coxsackievirus b receptor from hela cells.	we have identified a protein expressed by human and murine cells susceptible to coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) infection and purified it from hela cells. this protein of approximately 45,000 mr is expressed by hela cells and mouse fetal heart fibroblasts (susceptible to infection), and not by c3h murine fibroblasts or the human rd cell line (resistant). the protein was isolated from triton x-100- deoxycholate lysates of hela cells by chromatography on concanavalin a-sepharose, affi-gel blue, phenyl se ...	1997	9144533
genomic and template rna transcription in a model of persistent enteroviral infection.	enteroviruses have been implicated in persistent infections of the nervous system and in certain paralytic motor neuron syndromes. enteroviral persistence may depend on defective transcription, resulting in the abnormal production of equal amounts of genomic and template rna strands rather than the normal ratio of 60-100:1. an in vitro model of a persistent coxsackie virus in human skeletal muscle cells was investigated using in situ hybridisation and a semiquantitative parallel, complementary, ...	1997	9147825
interacting nutritional and infectious etiologies of keshan disease. insights from coxsackie virus b-induced myocarditis in mice deficient in selenium or vitamin e.	in 1979, chinese scientists reported that selenium had been linked to keshan disease, an endemic juvenile cardiomyopathy found in china. however, certain epidemiological features of the disease could not be explained solely on the basis of inadequate selenium nutrition. fluctuations in the seasonal incidence of the disease suggested involvement of an infectious agent. indeed, a coxsackievirus b4 isolated from a keshan disease victim caused more heart muscle damage when inoculated into selenium-d ...	1997	9152508
expression of coxsackievirus b4 proteins vp0 and 2c in escherichia coli and generation of virus protein recognizing antisera.	coxsackievirus b4 (cbv-4) capsid protein vp0 and non-structural 2c protein were expressed and purified using a glutathione-s-transferase (gst) fusion protein expression system. we used a full-size cbv-4 cdna as a template to amplify the genes by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the genes were cloned into expression vector pgex-2t and expressed as a fusion protein with gst. the gst-fusion proteins (gst-2c and gst-vp0) were purified in denatured and native forms and used to generate antibodies in ...	1997	9504760
increased virulence of coxsackievirus b3 in mice due to vitamin e or selenium deficiency.	nutrition has long been known to affect the ability of the host to respond to infectious disease. widespread famines are often accompanied by increased morbidity and mortality due to infectious diseases. the currently accepted view of the relationship between nutrition of the host and its susceptibility to infectious disease is one of a direct relationship with host immune status. that is, if the nutritional status of the host is poor-due to either single or multiple nutrient deficiencies-then t ...	1997	9164275
antiviral activity of galangin isolated from the aerial parts of helichrysum aureonitens.	the in vitro antiviral activity of galangin (3,5,7-trihydroxyflavone), the major antimicrobial compound isolated from the shoots of helichrysum aureonitens, was investigated against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), coxsackie b virus type 1 (cox b1), adenovirus type 31 (ad31) and reovirus. at concentrations ranging from 12-47 micrograms/ml galangin showed significant antiviral activity against hsv-1 and coxb1, limited activity against reovirus, and no antiviral activity against ad31.	1997	9174978
chinese hamster ovary cells are non-permissive towards infection with coxsackievirus b3 despite functional virus-receptor interactions.	viral infection is a complex process which includes binding and interaction of the virus with specific cell surface receptors, uptake and uncoating of the virus, and finally replication. chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells are non-permissive towards infection with coxsackieviruses of group b (cvb), although they do express a putative cvb-specific receptor protein. in order to localize the block of infection in cho cells, these cells were tested for binding of radiolabelled cvb3, receptor-mediated ...	1997	9175253
intracellular viral localization in murine coxsackievirus-b3 myocarditis. ultrastructural study by electron microscopic in situ hybridization.	group b coxsackieviruses are a common cause of myocarditis. to detect the viral genome and its localization in the myocardium, we examined c3h/he mice with coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) myocarditis on days 5, 8, and 14 after inoculation by the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and by in situ hybridization. sense and antisense cvb3 rna were detected in the myocardium of all mice up to day 14 by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. light microscopic in situ hybridization with ...	1997	9176398
coxsackievirus b3-induced myocarditis. characterization of stable attenuated variants that protect against infection with the cardiovirulent wild-type strain.	coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) is the enterovirus most frequently involved in human myocarditis or dilated cardiomyopathy. attenuated variants were derived from a cardiovirulent cvb3 reactivated from a sequenced, full-length cdna clone. the prophylactic potential of these variants was assessed in swr/ola (h-2q) mice. animals immunized with attenuated variants of cvb3 were protected from myocarditis when challenged subsequently with the cardiovirulent wild-type virus. in contrast to nonimmunized contro ...	1997	9176409
detection of coxsackie b virus rna sequences in whole blood samples from adult patients at the onset of type i diabetes mellitus.	enteroviruses may be linked to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm). the prevalence of enteroviral (ev) infection at onset of adult iddm was investigated by detection of specific ev sequences in peripheral blood using a reverse transcription and a seminested polymerase chain reaction (seminested rt-pcr). edta-treated whole blood samples taken from 12 newly diagnosed iddm patients with ketosis or ketoacidosis were examined. the comparison groups were 12 adult patients suffering from metabol ...	1997	9179756
experimental cvb3-induced chronic myocarditis in two murine strains: evidence of interrelationships between virus replication and myocardial damage in persistent cardiac infection.	in order to analyse the relationships between enteroviral replication and the myocardial damage at the onset of chronic cardiac infection, 2 mouse strains with different degrees of immunological competence (nmri nu/nu, dba/2) were infected by a myocarditic coxsackie virus b3 (cvb3-m1) variant. at 31 days post-inoculation, plaque-forming assay, polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), and immunohistochemistry were carried out for detecting viruses and viral components in the myocardium. the virologica ...	1997	9179770
inhibition of coxsackievirus b3 carrier state infection of cultured human myocardial fibroblasts by ribavirin and human natural interferon-alpha.	as enterovirus infections of the heart cause myocarditis and eventually congestive heart failure, the antiviral activity of ribavirin was studied in coxsackie virus b3 (cvb3)-infected carrier cultures of human myocardial fibroblasts. cultures were infected 7 days before application of ribavirin and effects were evaluated over a period of 16 days by plaque assays and in situ hybridization. compared to the low antiviral activity in hela cells, ribavirin was highly active in reducing infectious vir ...	1997	9191017
antibody responses to different strains of coxsackie b4 virus in patients with newly diagnosed type i diabetes mellitus or aseptic meningitis.	considerable differences in antibody responses measured by capture-igm ria and neutralization tests (nt) were seen in children with newly diagnosed type i (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (iddm) when five different strains of coxsackie b4 virus (cbv-4) were used. the igm positivity of the 160 patients varied between 3.7 and 10.0% (p < 0.05) and with the use of all strains, igm was found in 13.2%. matched controls showed a significantly lower frequency (p < 0.05), but there were no apparent ...	1997	9200026
coxsackievirus-induced chronic inflammatory myopathy: virus variants distinguish between acute cytopathic effects and pathogenesis of chronic disease.	infection with the tucson strain of coxsackievirus b1 (cvb1t) causes the development of chronic inflammatory myopathy (cim) and hind limb weakness in susceptible strains of mice. in this study, a panel of six plaque-purified viruses exhibiting either small or large plaque phenotypes was derived from parental cvb1t and parental cvb1t that had been passaged through monkey kidney cells. all six variants caused similar acute histopathology in muscle, but three of four passaged viruses (amp1, amp2, a ...	1997	9201230
sites other than nucleotide 234 determine cardiovirulence in natural isolates of coxsackievirus b3.	the genetic site(s) that naturally determine the cardiovirulence phenotype of coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) have yet to be mapped. using two closely related cvb3 strains that differed in terms of cardiovirulence phenotype in mice, we previously reported the difference in phenotype mapped to a single site, nucleotide 234 (nt234) in the 5' non-translated region (ntr) of the cvb3 genome. when nt234 was c, the virus was attenuated and when u, the virus was cardiovirulent. to determine whether this findin ...	1997	9210033
genomic regions of coxsackievirus b3 associated with cardiovirulence.	the molecular basis for cardiovirulence in the coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) genome was examined in a murine model of acute myocarditis. infectious cdnas representing a highly cardiovirulent coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3m) and a noncardiovirulent (cvb30) virus were used to construct infectious chimeric cdnas. assays of the resulting recombinant viruses for cardiovirulence in adolescent male cd-1 mice showed that the 5' nontranslated region (5' ntr) of the cvb3m genome plays the major role in determining ca ...	1997	9210047
coxsackievirus protein 2b modifies endoplasmic reticulum membrane and plasma membrane permeability and facilitates virus release.	digital-imaging microscopy was performed to study the effect of coxsackie b3 virus infection on the cytosolic free ca2+ concentration and the ca2+ content of the endoplasmic reticulum (er). during the course of infection a gradual increase in the cytosolic free ca2+ concentration was observed, due to the influx of extracellular ca2+. the ca2+ content of the er decreased in time with kinetics inversely proportional to those of viral protein synthesis. individual expression of protein 2b was suffi ...	1997	9218794
infection and coronary heart disease.	a large body of evidence exists that implicates a number of microbial agents in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease (chd). this, if proven, may have far-reaching implications for the prevention and treatment of chd and other atherosclerotic disease. the histopathology of atherosclerosis and its natural history suggest infectious causation at many points along the progression of disease, particularly with regard to chd, and a number of pathogens have been the focus of study. viral agents i ...	1997	9236736
coxsackieviruses and pancreatitis.	while alcohol abuse and biliary disease can result in the development of pancreatitis, the factors that contribute to the idiopathic form of the disease are not well understood. i propose that coxsackievirus infections account for a subset of cases of pancreatitis of unknown etiology. evidence to support this concept is derived from serological studies, case reports and animal models. in reviewing the available data, it is obvious that the relationship between coxsackievirus infection and the de ...	1997	9257948
cell-surface interactions of echovirus 22.	echovirus 22 (ev22) is a picornavirus forming a distinct molecular cluster together with echovirus 23. ev22 has an arg-gly-asp (rgd) peptide motif in its capsid protein vp1; similar motifs are known to mediate many cell-cell and microbe-host interactions. to identify peptide sequences that specifically bind to ev22 and potentially play a role in receptor recognition, we have used here peptide libraries displayed in filamentous phage. we isolated an ev22-binding motif clrsg(r/f)gc. the synthetic ...	1997	9261123
chimeric coxsackie b3 virus genomes that express hybrid coxsackievirus-poliovirus 2b proteins: functional dissection of structural domains involved in rna replication.	the 2b proteins of coxsackievirus and poliovirus (pv) share significant structural similarity and exhibit similar biochemical activities, namely inhibition of protein secretion and modification of membrane permeability. both proteins contain two hydrophobic domains in the carboxy-terminal two-thirds of their sequence, of which one has the potential to form a cationic amphipathic alpha-helix. to gain more insight into the structural requirements of enterovirus protein 2b for its functioning in vi ...	1997	9266977
the detection of enteroviruses in large volume concentrates of recreational waters by the polymerase chain reaction.	a rapid and simple method was developed to detect enteroviruses in large-volume water samples. it relies on the adsorption of the virus capsids to silica particles under acidic conditions, allowing their recovery by relatively gentle centrifugation. different reagents used in enterovirus concentration and detection were seeded with coxsackievirus b5 and used to optimise the recovery method, which was then used to detect the enteroviruses from seeded and unseeded 101 seawater samples in one pcr t ...	1997	9274818
persistent echovirus infection of mouse cells expressing the viral receptor vla-2.	mouse cells are not susceptible to infection with echovirus 1 (ev-1) because they lack the viral receptor, human vla-2. two mouse fibroblast cell lines, l cells and 3t3 cells, were made susceptible to ev-1 infection after transformation with cdnas of human vla-2. after ev-1 infection, l cell transformants of human vla-2 (alpha2beta1 l cells) develop cytopathic effect (cpe) as expected, while 3t3 cell transformants of human vla-2 (alpha2beta1 3t3 cells) or the alpha2 subunit of human vla-2 (alpha ...	1997	9281509
coxsackievirus b5 and the relationship to swine vesicular disease virus.		1997	9294928
the structure of coxsackievirus b3.		1997	9294930
identification and biology of cellular receptors for the coxsackie b viruses group.		1997	9294931
rapid genomic evolution of a non-virulent coxsackievirus b3 in selenium-deficient mice.	keshan disease, an endemic cardiomyopathy in china, can be prevented with selenium (se) supplementation. however, the seasonal and annual nature of the disease suggests that an infectious co-factor is required along with a deficiency in se. using a murine model of coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3)-induced myocarditis, se-deficient mice were shown to be more susceptible to the cardiopathologic effects of the virus. in addition, a normal benign strain of cvb3 becomes virulent in se-deficient mice. this cha ...	1997	9315324
[acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis due to coxsackie b4 virus].		1997	9341042
differential recruitment of b and t cells in coxsackievirus b4-induced pancreatitis is influenced by a capsid protein.	two genetically similar variants of coxsackievirus b4, cb4-p and cb4-v, cause distinct disease syndromes in mice. a multidisciplinary approach was used to examine the events occurring in situ. the cb4-p variant induced acute pancreatitis, followed by repair of the exocrine tissues, while the cb4-v variant induced chronic pancreatitis, characterized by extensive destruction of the exocrine tissues. since cb4-v replicated more efficiently than cb4-p in vivo, the more extensive tissue injury associ ...	1997	9343227
complement component 3 interactions with coxsackievirus b3 capsid proteins: innate immunity and the rapid formation of splenic antiviral germinal centers.	innate immunity is central to the clearance of pathogens from hosts as well as to the definition of acquired immune responses (d. t. fearon, and r. m. locksley, science 272:50-53, 1996). coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3), a human cardiopathic virus, was evaluated for the ability to activate the alternative and classical pathway of complement. cvb3 proteins interact with complement component 3 (c3, a soluble protein effector of innate immunity) after either in vitro exposure to mouse serum or in vivo muri ...	1997	9343244
echovirus 1 interaction with the human very late antigen-2 (integrin alpha2beta1) i domain. identification of two independent virus contact sites distinct from the metal ion-dependent adhesion site.	the human integrin very late antigen (vla)-2 (cd49b/cd29) mediates interactions with collagen and is the receptor for echovirus 1. binding sites for both collagen and echovirus 1 have been mapped to the i domain within the alpha2 subunit of the vla-2 alpha2beta1 heterodimer. although murine vla-2 interacts with collagen, it does not bind virus. we have used isolated human-murine chimeric i domains expressed as glutathione s-transferase fusion proteins in escherichia coli to identify two groups o ...	1997	9353313
rhodanine resistance and dependence of echovirus 12: a possible consequence of capsid flexibility.	recombinant viruses of echovirus 12 carrying mutations of a rhodanine-resistant or -dependent variant, were investigated, and five single mutations each inducing a rhodanine-resistant or -dependent phenotype were defined. four mutations are localized in the capsid protein vp1, and the fifth exchange is in vp4. all original and recombinant viruses were shown to be stabilized by the antiviral drug rhodanine against heat inactivation. hence, resistant and dependent variants still seem able to bind ...	1997	8995703
structure-function analysis of coxsackie b3 virus protein 2b.	expression of poliovirus protein 2b in mammalian cells inhibits protein secretion and increases the susceptibility of the cells to hygromycin b, consistent with the increase in plasma membrane permeability seen during poliovirus infection (j. r. doedens and k. kirkegaard, embo j. 14, 894-907, 1995). we report here that expression of protein 2b of the closely related coxsackie b3 virus (cbv3) leads to the same biochemical alterations. analysis of several mutant cbv3 2b proteins that contain mutat ...	1997	9007064
a search for evidence of viral infection in pancreases of newly diagnosed patients with iddm.	techniques were developed to look for evidence of viral infection in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded autopsy pancreatic tissues from patients who had died of recent-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. dna extracted from 47 pancreases in which good dna preservation was confirmed was analysed by a polymerase chain reaction for epstein-barr virus and by a nested polymerase chain reaction for cytomegalovirus. histological sections from 29 pancreases in which there was good rna preservation w ...	1997	9028718
isolation of a common receptor for coxsackie b viruses and adenoviruses 2 and 5.	a complementary dna clone has been isolated that encodes a coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (car). when transfected with car complementary dna, nonpermissive hamster cells became susceptible to coxsackie b virus attachment and infection. furthermore, consistent with previous studies demonstrating that adenovirus infection depends on attachment of a viral fiber to the target cell, car-transfected hamster cells bound adenovirus in a fiber-dependent fashion and showed a 100-fold increase in s ...	1997	9036860
persistent infection of human vascular endothelial cells by group b coxsackieviruses.	group b coxsackieviruses (cvbs) cause >20% of the cases of myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. information on the permissiveness of vascular cells to cvbs is scant. interactions of cvbs with human vascular endothelial cells (ecs) were investigated in vitro. all 6 cvbs (cvb-1 to -6) consistently infected primary ec cultures and an immortalized ec line without producing cytopathology. whereas replication of types 1, 2, 4, and 6 ceased within 30-60 days after infection, cvb-3 and -5 caused a pe ...	1997	9041346
clinical coxsackievirus b isolates differ from laboratory strains in their interaction with two cell surface receptors.	coxsackie b viruses interact with two putative cell surface receptor molecules. experiments with prototype laboratory strains suggest that all 6 coxsackie b serotypes interact with a 46-kda protein recognized by the monoclonal antibody rmcb, whereas cb1, cb3, and cb5 may also bind to decay accelerating factor. antireceptor monoclonal antibodies were used to study interactions between low-passage clinical coxsackie b virus isolates and the two receptors. in contrast to observations made with sing ...	1997	9041347
experimental iga nephropathy induced by coxsackie b4 virus in mice.	viruses have been suspected to be etiological agents of iga nephropathy. recently, viruses were detected in renal tissues from patients with iga nephropathy. we tried to cause lesions similar to iga nephropathy by inoculating virus into mice and to detect virus rna in the lesion by in situ hybridization. a group of mice were inoculated intravenously with coxsackie b4 virus once a month from 1 to 5 months of age and sacrificed monthly from 6 to 12 months of age. mesangial proliferation and deposi ...	1997	9057958
echovirus 1 replication, not only virus binding to its receptor, vla-2, is required for the induction of cellular immediate-early genes.	induction of immediate-early genes c-jun, junb, and c-fos was demonstrated during echovirus 1 infection in a human osteogenic sarcoma (hos) cell line. tenfold induction was seen at 10 h postinfection, corresponding approximately to the end of the first replication cycle of the virus. echovirus 1 uses vla-2 integrin as its cellular receptor, and ligand binding by integrin is known to trigger signal transduction pathways ultimately activating immediate-early genes. in the present study, however, v ...	1997	9094704
hcar and mcar: the human and mouse cellular receptors for subgroup c adenoviruses and group b coxsackieviruses.	the subgroup c of the adenoviruses (ad) and the group b coxsackieviruses (cvb) are structurally unrelated viruses that are known to compete for an unidentified cell surface receptor. we now describe the isolation of cdnas from human and mouse that encode the human cvb and ad2 and 5 receptor (hcar) and the mouse cvb ad2 and 5 receptor (mcar). both are 46-kda glycoproteins whose primary amino acid sequences are highly homologous. structurally, hcar and mcar appear to be transmembrane proteins that ...	1997	9096397
[therapeutic effect of kangke injection on viral myocarditis and its anticoxsackie virus mechanism].	to assess the efficacy of kangke injection in treating viral myocarditis.	1997	9863092
[the value of detecting cvb-igm antibodies in diagnosing viral myocarditis of children].	by using the indirect immunofluorescence assay and the tissue cells infected with coxackie virus group b as antigen, the authors detected the antibodies type igm to coxsackie virus group b (cvb-igm) of the sera of 105 children with viral myocarditis (vmc), 59 children with other diseases (cod) and 67 healthy children (hc). the results showed that in vmc, the genometric mean titre (gmt) of cvb-igm in female (1:16.58) was higher than that in male (1:9.28, p < 0.05); not only in female, but also in ...	1997	9868098
[outbreak of coxsackievirus b5 meningoencephalitis in cuba, 1995].	an increase in the reported cases of viral meningoencephalitis (vme) was detected in october and november, 1995, compared with the same period of 1994. 43 stock specimens from children with this diagnosis were received at the laboratory of enterovirus from the "pedro kourí" institute of tropical medicine. 23 isolations (53.4%) were obtained and identified as coxsackievirus b5. besides, in 43 matched sera investigated by the neutralization test against some enteroviruses, 21 proved to be positive ...	1997	9685965
taurine influx in cultured rat cardiomyocytes and changes after cvb3 infection.	monolayer culture of spontaneously contracting rat heart cells was obtained from newborn sd rats and seeded into culture plates. 100tcid50 of coxsackie virus b3(cvb3) (nancy strain) was added as the infected group. the dynamics of taurine transport across membrane of normal heart cells and changes after infection were examined by using radioactive isotope tracing techniques. the results demonstrated that: (1) two uptake systems of taurine with different affinities and capacities were present in ...	1997	11360626
[minor bupleurum decoction in the treatment of viral myocarditis models].	a myocarditis model of balb/c mice established by means of coxsackie virus type b3 was treated with the minor bupleurum decoction. the results indicate that the decoction can regulate t lymphocyte subsets, influence anti-cardiac antibody production, help the organism to get clear of viruses, and thus plays an important role in treating viral myocarditis.	1997	11243188
[establishment of semi-nested polymerase chain reaction for detecting coxsackie b virus rna and the application in clinical diagnosis of viral myocarditis].	the aim of this study was to determine the applicability of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique for the detection of cbv rna and for routine diagnostic use in clinics. to this end, three oligomeric regions of great homology among the cbvs were selected from the conserved 5'-noncoding region of the cbv genome, and were designated as a set of primers and probe. semi-nested cbv pcr assay was established. the sensitivity of the method is at 0.1 tcid50 in diluted virus stocks, and this meth ...	1997	15617254
[coxsackievirus b3-induction of tumor necrosis factor and il-6 of murine monocyte-macrophages].	this study is to observe the infection of coxsackievirus b3 (cox b3) to murine monocyte-macrophages (mo/mpsi), and its induction of tumor necrosis factor (tnf) and il-6. cox b3 was capable of infecting murine macrophages as revealed by immunofluorescence and releasing infectious virus particles. virus infection with < or = 100 tcid50 did not reduce macrophages viability. cox b3 stimulated the release of monokines from mo/mpsi in vitro and in vivo, markedly increasing the concentration of tnf and ...	1997	15619829
[experimental study on inhibitory effect of ganlu xiaodu dan on coxackie virus in vitro].	to observe the coxackie virus inhibitory effect of ganlu xiaodu dan (glxdd), including complete recipe, incomplete recipe and supplemented recipe of it.	1998	11475722
[experimental study on treatment of viral myocarditis in mice by integrated traditional chinese and western medicine].	to clarify the effects of astragalus membranaceus (am) combined with taurine and/or coenzyme q10(coq10) on coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) murine myocarditis.	1998	11477833
[experimental study on therapeutical effect of chinese medicine on polymyositis in guinea pigs].	to study the therapeutical effects of radix bupleuri and ramulus cinnamomi on virus polymyositis in guinea pigs.	1998	11477912
caspase activation and specific cleavage of substrates after coxsackievirus b3-induced cytopathic effect in hela cells.	coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3), an enterovirus in the family picornaviridae, induces cytopathic changes in cell culture systems and directly injures multiple susceptible organs and tissues in vivo, including the myocardium, early after infection. biochemical analysis of the cell death pathway in cvb3-infected hela cells demonstrated that the 32-kda proform of caspase 3 is cleaved subsequent to the degenerative morphological changes seen in infected hela cells. caspase activation assays confirm that th ...	1998	9696873
determination of mrna expression for ifn-gamma and il-4 in lymphocytes from children with iddm by rt-pcr technique.	insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm) is characterized by infiltration of t-lymphocytes in the islets of langerhans. antigens are presented to th-lymphocytes which can be divided into th1- and th2-lymphocytes, producing interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and interleukin-4 (il-4) respectively. the aim of our study was to determine the messenger-rna (mrna) for these cytokines by rt-pcr in antigen-stimulated lymphocytes from children with newly diagnosed iddm. the expression of mrna for il-4, and to ...	1998	9699087
molecular packing in virus crystals: geometry, chemistry, and biology.	an automated procedure was developed to determine the geometrical and chemical interactions of crystalline virus particles using the crystal parameters, particle position, orientation, and atomic coordinates for an icosahedral asymmetric unit. two applications of the program are reported: (1) an analysis of a novel pseudo-rhombohedral (r32) symmetry present in the monoclinic crystal lattices of both nodamura virus (nov) and coxsackie virus b3 (cvb3). the study shows that in both cases the intera ...	1998	9704501
synthesis and antiviral evaluation of pyrazinones substituted with acyclic chains.	the synthesis of a series of pyrazine analogues of the anti-herpes compound, acyclovir is described. these syntheses were accomplished by various methods: in the presence of a lewis acid or nah for hydroxyethoxymethyl and hydroxybutyl groups or by sequential oxidation/reduction of 1-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-2-pyrazinones for 2',3'-acyclonucleosides. antiviral (hsv-1, cmv, cox b4, hiv-1) properties of these compounds were determined.	1998	9708329
coxsackievirus b3-induced myocarditis: perforin exacerbates disease, but plays no detectable role in virus clearance.	viral myocarditis is remarkably common, being detected in approximately 1% of unselected asymptomatic individuals. many cases are attributable to enteroviral infection, and in particular to coxsackievirus b3. the underlying pathogenesis is controversial, but most studies admit the important immunopathological role of infiltrating cd8+ (cytotoxic) t lymphocytes (ctls). we have previously shown that ctls play conflicting roles in coxsackievirus b (cvb) myocarditis; they assist in controlling virus ...	1998	9708802
low-level expression of a mutant coxsackieviral cdna induces a myocytopathic effect in culture: an approach to the study of enteroviral persistence in cardiac myocytes.	enteroviral ribonucleic acids have been identified in heart muscle of a subset of patients with myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy as well as in a mouse model of persistent coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) infection, suggesting that persistent viral infection along with activation of an immune response may contribute to the pathogenesis of ongoing cardiac disease and dilated cardiomyopathy in certain patients. it is still not known whether persistence of the viral genome contributes to the pathogene ...	1998	9714096
protection of mice against lethal coxsackievirus b3 infection by using dna immunization.	vaccination with dna and recombinant vaccinia viruses (rec.vv) has been studied with the coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) model system. plasmids encoding all structural proteins of cvb3, when injected intramuscularly, induced only low levels of virus-specific antibodies. however, dna vaccination with the major structural protein vp1 protected 72.2% of mice from lethal challenge, whereas vp1 expressed by rec.vv was much less efficient.	1998	9733878
glutathione peroxidase protects mice from viral-induced myocarditis.	glutathione peroxidase 1 (gpx-1) is a selenium-dependent enzyme with antioxidant properties. previous investigations determined that mice deficient in selenium developed myocarditis when infected with a benign strain of coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3/0). to determine whether this effect was mediated by gpx-1, mice with a disrupted gpx1 gene (gpx1-/-) were infected with cvb3/0. gpx1-/- mice developed myocarditis after cvb3/0 infection, whereas infected wild-type mice (gpx1+/+) were resistant. sequencing ...	1998	9737717
acute transverse myelitis caused by coxsackie virus b4 infection: a case report.	acute transverse myelitis is a rare clinical manifestation of coxsackie virus infection which cause acute and progressive debilitating illness associated with loss of spinal cord function in the affected patients. a 62 year-old female developed symptoms of rapidly progressive paraplegia with sensory loss. on spinal mri, t2 sagittal image showed increased signal intensity with cord swelling at t11-l2 level and 8 folds or greater rise of coxsackie virus b4 neutralizing antibody titers was observed ...	1998	9741555
[sewage sludges: application of a technique for recovering enterovirus].	the aim of this work was to develop a technique to recover viruses from sewage sludges and to set a microbiological reliable index to control the efficiency of waste-water disinfection methods. twelve samples were collected at san felipe treatment plant, where the waste-water from tucumán, argentina, is received. to free virus from solids, sludges were shaken during 20 h at 4 degrees c and supernatants were obtained by centrifugation. penicillin, streptomycin, neomycin and amphotericin b were ad ...	1998	9744037
effects of selenium supplementation on virus-induced inflammatory heart disease.	the effects of 10 wk of selenium (se) supplementation (5 ppm) in drinking water on immune responses and resistance to a myocarditic coxsackie virus b3 (cb3) infection were studied in female balb/c mice. se supplementation reduced cb3-induced mortality: at day 14 postinoculation, survival was 58% in the se-treated group as compared to 25% in the untreated group. whole-blood glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px) activity was elevated by 68% (p < 0.001) and se content in the liver by 24% (p < 0.001). red ...	1998	9764570
transgenic expression of replication-restricted enteroviral genomes in heart muscle induces defective excitation-contraction coupling and dilated cardiomyopathy.	numerous studies have implicated coxsackievirus in acute and chronic heart failure. although enteroviral nucleic acids have been detected in selected patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, the significance of such persistent nucleic acids is unknown. to investigate the mechanisms by which restricted viral replication with low level expression of coxsackieviral proteins may be able to induce cardiomyopathy, we generated transgenic mice which express a replication-restricted full-length coxsackievi ...	1998	9769337
echovirus 1 infection induces both stress- and growth-activated mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways and regulates the transcription of cellular immediate-early genes.	we have previously shown that echovirus 1 (ev1) infection increases the mrna levels of cellular immediate-early (ie) genes in host cells. here we provide further evidence that the induction of junb, c-jun, and c-fos genes is due to active viral macromolecular synthesis rather than to the interaction of ev1 with its receptor, alpha2beta1 integrin. nuclear run-on transcription assays indicated that differences in mrna levels in infected and uninfected cells are brought about by regulation at the t ...	1998	9770423
complete sequence of echovirus 23 and its relationship to echovirus 22 and other human enteroviruses.	to define the relationship between echovirus 23 (e23) and other human enteroviruses, we have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a strain of e23 isolated from a child with high fever in connecticut in 1986 and compared the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences with those of other enteroviruses representing each of the major enterovirus phylogenetic groups, poliovirus type 1, coxsackievirus a16, coxsackievirus b3, echovirus 22 (e22), and enterovirus 70. the genome of e23 (strain ...	1998	9783471
variability in the integrity of human enteroviruses exposed to various simulated in vivo environments.	we exposed representatives of different enteroviruses to treatments imitating various in vivo environments that they face during infection. short-term treatment in trypsin or human intestinal fluid regularly resulted in a cleavage of the capsid protein vp1, and in some cases of other capsid proteins as well. infectivity of the virus preparations was usually not affected but there were two exceptions. coxsackievirus a9 retained its infectivity as tested in rd cells but showed reduced infectivity ...	1998	9790872
determination of the affinity and kinetic constants for the interaction between the human virus echovirus 11 and its cellular receptor, cd55.	the biochemical properties of the molecular interactions mediating viral-cell recognition are poorly characterized. in this study, we use surface plasmon resonance to study the affinity and kinetics of the interaction of echovirus 11 with its cellular receptor decay-accelerating factor (cd55). as reported for interactions between cell-cell recognition molecules, the interaction has a low affinity (kd approximately 3.0 microm) as a result of a very fast dissociation rate constant (kon approximate ...	1998	9804811
structure determination of echovirus 1.	the atomic structure of echovirus 1 (a member of the enterovirus genus of the picornavirus family) has been determined using cryo-crystallography and refined to 3.55 a resolution. echovirus 1 crystallizes in space group p22121 with a = 352.45, b = 472.15 and c = 483.20 a. the crystals contain one full virus particle in the asymmetric unit allowing for 60-fold noncrystallographic symmetry averaging. the diffraction pattern shows strong pseudo-b-centering with reflections with h + l = 2n + 1 being ...	1998	10089503
rapid detection of enteroviral rna in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) from patients with aseptic meningitis by reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction.	the aim of this study was to compare conventional enterovirus isolation with rapid detection of enteroviral rna by a reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (rt-npcr) method amplifying the 5' nontranslated region of the enteroviral genome in specimens from patients with aseptic meningitis. reference enterovirus strains and clinical enterovirus isolates were analyzed to evaluate assay sensitivity and specificity. all known enteroviral serotypes tested, but one (echovirus type 22), ...	1998	9812315
exertional rhabdomyolysis after recent coxsackie b virus infection.	acute, exertional rhabdomyolysis typically follows strenuous exercise of the eccentric type, such as that which occurs during military training or repetitive weight lifting in unconditioned individuals. complications can be significant and include compartment syndrome and acute renal failure due to myoglobinuria, especially in the setting of volume depletion. rhabdomyolysis may also be precipitated by viral infections, usually influenza virus. i report an unusual case of a female patient who had ...	1998	9824191
peptide from glutamic acid decarboxylase similar to coxsackie b virus stimulates ifn-gamma mrna expression in th1-like lymphocytes from children with recent-onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.	at the clinical onset of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1 diabetes), inflammation within the pancreatic islets of langerhans causes insulitis. cd4+ or th-lymphocytes will be activated after stimulation resulting in interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) production by th1-like lymphocytes and/or interleukin-4 (il-4) secretion from th2-like lymphocytes. the antigens responsible for this activation are unknown, but studies have suggested glutamic acid decarboxylase (gad) to be a possible candidate ...	1998	9840449
[outbreak of viral meningoencephalitis. comparison of 2 biological systems used for isolation of the virus].	an increase of the cases of viral meningoencephalitis was reported in our country from october to december, 1995. 23 faeces specimens were received from 2 provinces aimed at obtaining the viral isolation by their inoculation in cell culture and in newborn mice at the same time in order to compare the sensitivity of both systems in isolation. a higher number of isolations was obtained in cell culture. the cell culture from kidney of a normal adult green african monkey (vero) proved to be more sen ...	1998	9842272
[syncope in 3rd degree atrioventricular block. detection of virus genome in the myocardium].	a 28-year-old woman was admitted after syncope which had been preceded by several flulike episodes. there was no history of any other serious disease. physical examination was unremarkable. heart sounds were regular and normal, there were no murmurs.	1998	9858952
coxsackie b virus infection and myopericarditis in thailand, 1987-1989.	serum specimens of 363 myopericarditis patients from the hospital all over the country were examined for coxsackie b virus antibody during 1987-1989 by means of microneutralization test in order to assess association between myopericarditis and coxsackie b virus infection. the data established that certain virus infection rates were 24.3%, 19.4% and 23.6% respectively, no differences in incidence were found between sex (p > 0.05) and the incidence rate between age groups below 15 years and 15 ye ...	1998	9886111
epidemics of aseptic meningitis due to enteroviruses following national immunization days in bahrain.	we report two successive epidemics of aseptic meningitis due to enteroviruses (ev) observed after national immunization days against polio. meningitis due to echovirus 30 occurred from july 1995 to the end of january 1996, mostly among children aged 0-12 years (95.1% of cases), and meningitis due to echovirus 4 occurred from may 1996 to the end of september 1996 in the same age group. there were 286 and 169 cases, respectively. specimens from several representative cases were sent to the who col ...	1998	9924570
[is infection with group a streptococcus the only reason for rheumatic fever?--a case report of rheumatic fever coexisting with coxsackie b1 virus infection].	the course of rheumatic fever in 11 years old boy is described. the significance of cellular immunity in rheumatic fever pathogenesis and the importance of virus infection coexistence is emphasized in discussion.	1998	10021888
[pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of heart disease caused by enteroviruses (molecular biological study)].	molecular hybridization studies have demonstrated that human enteroviruses, including group b coxsackieviruses (cvb), are detectable in myocardial tissue of patients with acute and chronic myocarditis. as well, such infections are observed in some patients with end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy indicating the possibility of persistent heart muscle infection. enterovirus persistence in the human heart is supported by the discovery in various murine models of chronic myocarditis, demonstrating that ...	1998	9542396
relationship between hla antigens and infectious agents in contributing towards the development of graves' disease.	graves' disease (gd) is an autoimmune thyroid disorder which is associated with the human leucocyte antigens hla-dr3 and dqa1* o501 in caucasians. we have explored the possibility that some patients with certain hla specificities develop anti-hla antibodies which are correlated with environmental factors that may contribute to the development of gd. we studied 40 gd patients and 157 healthy individuals (controls). serology was used to type hla-a, -b, -cw, and -dr antigens. the frequencies of the ...	1998	9561915
coxsackievirus b1 infection in infants less than 2 months of age.	most of the neonatal enteroviral infections reported in the literature are associated with coxsackievirus b2-b5 and echovirus 9 and 11. we report a retrospective coxsackievirus b1 (cb1) infection in infants less than 2 months of age. seventeen patients had aseptic meningitis and 8 had systemic sepsis (multi-organ involvement including meningitis, impaired liver function, and abnormality in coagulation). the symptoms and signs were nonspecific and could not be distinguished with bacterial infecti ...	1998	9572369
[coxsackie virus b4 encephalitis in a young female who developed mental symptoms, and consciousness disturbance, and completely recovered].	an 18-year-old female had common cold and insomnia in early march 1987. later, abnormal speech and behavior, emotional incontinence, anorexia and consciousness disturbance appeared. on march 19, she was admitted to our hospital in semi-comatose state. myoclonus-like movement on hands was observed, and epileptic attacks with tonic and clonic convulsions occasionally occurred. there were no neurological findings that suspected cerebral focal lesions. the respiration was assisted through tracheal i ...	1998	9597914
cardiovirulent coxsackieviruses and the decay-accelerating factor (cd55) receptor.	group b coxsackieviruses are etiologically linked with many human diseases including acute myocarditis and associated chronic dilated cardiomyopathy. well-established cvb3 cardiovirulent strains (cvb3c(s)) with known phenotypic difference have been used to study the pathogenesis of virus-induced heart disease. the receptor-binding characteristics of cardiovirulent cvb3 are not known, but may represent one mechanism accounting for differences in disease virulence. in this study, interactions betw ...	1998	9601501
differentiation and characterization of enteroviruses by computer-assisted viral protein fingerprinting.	we have developed and standardized a computerized method for the typing and characterization of enteroviruses with radiolabeled viral protein fingerprints. enteroviral proteins were radiolabeled with [35s]methionine during growth in cell culture and were then separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the dried gel was scanned, and from the resulting computer image (which resembled an autoradiogram) protein patterns were computer extracted and stored in a database. the enterovirus database ...	1998	9620382
role for beta2-microglobulin in echovirus infection of rhabdomyosarcoma cells.	a monoclonal antibody (mab) that blocks most echoviruses (evs) from infecting rhabdomyosarcoma (rd) cells has been isolated. by using the celics cloning method (t. ward, p. a. pipkin, n. a. clarkson, d. m. stone, p. d. minor, and j. w. almond, embo j. 13:5070-5074, 1994), the ligand for this antibody has been identified as beta2-microglobulin (beta2m), the 12-kda protein that associates with class i heavy chains to form class i hla complexes. a commercial mab (mab 1350) against beta2m was also f ...	1998	9620989
the intestinal absorption of cadmium increases during a common viral infection (coxsackie virus b3) in mice.	murine intestinal absorption, tissue accumulation and redistribution of 109cd during infection were studied using the common human virus coxsackie virus b3 (cb3) adapted to the mouse. female balb/c mice were infected with cb3 and, on day 4 of the infection, dosed orally with 0.3 or 750 microgram cd/kg body weight, with 109cd as a tracer, in order to study intestinal absorption and tissue distribution of cd during infection (experiment 1). other mice were dosed with 0.3 microgram cd/kg body weigh ...	1998	9630849
characterization of coxsackie b virus rna in myocardium from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy by nucleotide sequencing of reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction products.	this study was performed to detect and characterize the enterovirus present in myocardium of some patients with heart muscle disease by nucleotide sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) products after amplification with enterovirus group-specific primers. enterovirus sequences have been detected previously in myocardium of patients with myocarditis or dilated cardiomyopathy and seem causal, although the particular virus serotypes involved have not been identified. in a prospective study o ...	1998	9635677
the pathogenesis of viral-induced diabetes.	serologic case-control studies have suggested an association between coxsasckie group b viruses and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm). new investigations have identified enteroviral nucleic acid in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of newly-diagnosed patients with iddm. the disease pathogenesis is dependent on several factors. including the genetics of the host, strain of virus, activation status of autoreactive t-cells, upregulation of pancreatic mhc-1 antigens, molecular mimicry ...	1998	9645989
coxsackie b virus and its interaction with permissive host cells.	observations in humans and the results of experiments on laboratory animals have provided evidence that coxsackieviruses of group b (cvb) are major etiologic agents of acute and chronic enterovirus myocarditis and various other virus-induced diseases.	1998	9645993
coxsackie b virus infection and beta cell autoantibodies in newly diagnosed iddm adult patients.	environmental agents such as viruses have been identified as potentially important determinants of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm). enterovirus infections, coxsackievirus b especially, could be linked to the beta cell damaging process and to the onset of clinical iddm.	1998	9645994
demonstration of persistent enterovirus in the pancreas of diabetic mice by in situ polymerase chain reaction.	although enterovirus (ev) do not persist in the tissue, which is essential to maintain autoimmunity, they have been associated as the cause of chronic autoimmunity in some cases of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm). convincing reports, demonstrating persistent ev infections in the pancreases, are rare.	1998	9645996
diabetes induced by coxsackie virus: initiation by bystander damage and not molecular mimicry.	viral induction of autoimmunity is thought to occur by either bystander t-cell activation or molecular mimicry. coxsackie b4 virus is strongly associated with the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in humans and shares sequence similarity with the islet autoantigen glutamic acid decarboxylase. we infected different strains of mice with coxsackie b4 virus to discriminate between the two possible induction mechanisms, and found that mice with susceptible mhc alleles had no viral ac ...	1998	9662368
characterization of echoviruses that bind decay accelerating factor (cd55): evidence that some haemagglutinating strains use more than one cellular receptor.	several echoviruses (evs) have previously been shown to use decay accelerating factor (daf) as a cellular receptor. since daf is expressed on erythrocytes, evs that use this receptor cause haemagglutination. here we show that all evs that haemagglutinate do so via attachment to daf and that this interaction can be inhibited by a monoclonal antibody (mab) specific for daf domain scr3. although the viruses haemagglutinate via daf some can bind to rhabdomyosarcoma cells from which daf has been remo ...	1998	9680134
binding of a cellular factor to the 3' untranslated region of the rna genomes of entero- and rhinoviruses plays a role in virus replication.	the presence of cellular factors that bind to the 3' untranslated region (utr) of picornaviruses was investigated by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (emsas). a cellular factor(s) that binds specifically the 3' utr of polio-, coxsackie- and rhinoviruses was detected. furthermore, this factor(s) is distinct from those which bind to the 5' terminal 88 nt (the 'cloverleaf') of poliovirus. mutations within the 3' utr which decrease the affinity of the rna for the cellular factor in emsas decrea ...	1998	9680135
echovirus keratoconjunctivitis.	to investigate an outbreak of echovirus-related keratoconjunctivitis.	1998	9467445
the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the host response to coxsackievirus myocarditis.	the host response to coxsackievirus infection is complex, including t lymphocytes, b lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and macrophages. although coxsackievirus infection induces expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (nos2; ec 1.14.13.39) in macrophages, the precise role of nos2 in the host response to coxsackievirus myocarditis has been unclear. we show, by using mice homozygous for a disrupted nos2 allele, that coxsackievirus replicates to higher titers in nos2(-/-) mice, that the host ...	1998	9482909
antiviral activity of win 54954 in coxsackievirus b2 carrier state infected human myocardial fibroblasts.	persistent infections with a cardiotropic enterovirus, e.g. coxsackievirus b2 (cvb2), cause chronic myocarditis and eventually congestive heart failure. therefore, the antiviral activity of win 54954, a capsid binding antiviral agent that inhibits enterovirus uncoating, was studied in persistently cvb2-infected cultures of human myocardial fibroblasts. cultures displayed a typical carrier state infection with virus titers of 3.9 +/- 1.6 x 10(5) plaque forming units (pfu)/ml and 0.99% infected ce ...	1998	9497072