Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| evaluation of immunity against malaria using luciferase-expressing plasmodium berghei parasites. | abstract: background: measurement of liver stage development is of key interest in malaria biology and vaccine studies. parasite development in liver cells can be visualized in real-time, both in culture and in live mice, using a transgenic plasmodium berghei parasite, pbgfp-luccon, expressing the bioluminescent reporter luciferase. this study explores the benefit of using these parasites for the evaluation of immunity against malaria, compared to qrt-pcr techniques in vivo and in vitro. metho ... | 2011 | 22152047 |
| larvicidal activity of isolated compound 5-(2,4-dimethylbenzyl) pyrrolidin-2-one from marine streptomyces vitsvk5 sp. against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, anopheles stephensi, and culex tritaeniorhynchus. | the aim of the present study was to assess the larvicidal property of marine actinobacterial compound 5-(2,4-dimethylbenzyl) pyrrolidin-2-one (dmbpo) extracted and isolated from streptomyces vitsvk5 sp. tested against the larvae of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus canestrini (acari: ixodidae), anopheles stephensi liston, and culex tritaeniorhynchus giles (diptera: culicidae). the isolate bacteria was taxonomically characterized, identified, and designated as streptomyces vitsvk5 sp. the crude ... | 2011 | 22009268 |
| efficacy of long-lasting insecticidal nets in use in macha, zambia, against the local anopheles arabiensis population. | the mosquito anopheles arabiensis is the primary vector of plasmodium falciparum in macha, zambia. a major portion of zambia's current malaria control programme relies on long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying (irs) with insecticides. currently, the efficacy of these measures against an. arabiensis in macha is unknown, and previous data has shown that an. arabiensis has continued to feed on human hosts, despite high itn coverage. it is possible that this could ... | 2011 | 21880143 |
| plasmodium ookinetes coopt mammalian plasminogen to invade the mosquito midgut. | ookinete invasion of the mosquito midgut is an essential step for the development of the malaria parasite in the mosquito. invasion involves recognition between a presumed mosquito midgut receptor and an ookinete ligand. here, we show that enolase lines the ookinete surface. an antienolase antibody inhibits oocyst development of both plasmodium berghei and plasmodium falciparum, suggesting that enolase may act as an invasion ligand. importantly, we demonstrate that surface enolase captures plasm ... | 2011 | 21949403 |
| variations of insecticide residual bio-efficacy on different types of walls: results from a community-based trial in south cameroon. | determination of residual activity of insecticides is essential information for the selection of appropriate indoor spraying operation. the present study was undertaken to evaluate the residual effect of three candidate insecticide formulations on different indoor surfaces in order to guide future interventions, in the context of cameroon and other african countries. | 2011 | 22047173 |
| imaging of plasmodium liver stages to drive next-generation antimalarial drug discovery. | most malaria drug development focuses on parasite stages detected in red blood cells, even though, to achieve eradication, next-generation drugs active against both erythrocytic and exo-erythrocytic forms would be preferable. we applied a multifactorial approach to a set of >4000 commercially available compounds with previously demonstrated blood-stage activity (median inhibitory concentration < 1 micromolar) and identified chemical scaffolds with potent activity against both forms. from this sc ... | 2011 | 22096101 |
| the effects of age, exposure history and malaria infection on the susceptibility of anopheles mosquitoes to low concentrations of pyrethroid. | chemical insecticides are critical components of malaria control programs. their ability to eliminate huge numbers of mosquitoes allows them to swiftly interrupt disease transmission, but that lethality also imposes immense selection for insecticide resistance. targeting control at the small portion of the mosquito population actually responsible for transmitting malaria parasites to humans would reduce selection for resistance, yet maintain effective malaria control. here, we ask whether simply ... | 2011 | 21966392 |
| Combining Liver- and Blood-Stage Malaria Viral-Vectored Vaccines: Investigating Mechanisms of CD8+ T Cell Interference. | Replication-deficient adenovirus and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vectors expressing single pre-erythrocytic or blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum Ags have entered clinical testing using a heterologous prime-boost immunization approach. In this study, we investigated the utility of the same immunization regimen when combining viral vectored vaccines expressing the 42-kDa C terminus of the blood-stage Ag merozoite surface protein 1 and the pre-erythrocytic Ag circumsporozoite protein in th ... | 2011 | 21876036 |
| A pilot randomised trial of induced blood-stage Plasmodium falciparum infections in healthy volunteers for testing efficacy of new antimalarial drugs. | Critical to the development of new drugs for treatment of malaria is the capacity to safely evaluate their activity in human subjects. The approach that has been most commonly used is testing in subjects with natural malaria infection, a methodology that may expose symptomatic subjects to the risk of ineffective treatment. Here we describe the development and pilot testing of a system to undertake experimental infection using blood stage Plasmodium falciparum parasites (BSP). The objectives of t ... | 2011 | 21887214 |
| Toxicological properties of several medicinal plants from the Himalayas (India) against vectors of malaria, filariasis and dengue. | The leaves of five plants namely Nyctanthes arbortistis (Oleaceae), Catharanthus roseus (Apocynaceae), Boenininghusenia albiflora (Rutaceae), Valeriana hardwickii (Valerianaceae) and Eupatorium odoratum (Asteraceae) were selected for the first time from the Garhwal region of north west Himalaya to investigation its toxicological properties against mosquito vectors of malaria, filariasis and dengue. In a laboratory study, using different polarity solvents (petroleum ether, chloroform an ... | 2011 | 22041755 |
| harmonine, a defence compound from the harlequin ladybird, inhibits mycobacterial growth and demonstrates multi-stage antimalarial activity. | the harlequin ladybird beetle harmonia axyridis has been introduced in many countries as a biological control agent, but has become an invasive species threatening the biodiversity of native ladybirds. its invasive success has been attributed to its vigorous resistance against diverse pathogens. this study demonstrates that harmonine ((17r,9z)-1,17-diaminooctadec-9-ene), which is present in h. axyridis haemolymph, displays broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity that includes human pathogens. anti ... | 2011 | 21937493 |
| piggybac transposon remobilization and enhancer detection in anopheles mosquitoes. | technical advances in mosquito biology are enabling the development of new approaches to vector control. absent are powerful forward-genetics technologies, such as enhancer and gene traps, that permit determination of gene functions from the phenotypes arising from transposon insertion mutations. we show that the piggybac transposon is highly active in the germline of the human malaria vector anopheles stephensi. up to 6% of the progeny from transgenic a. stephensi containing a single 6-kb piggy ... | 2011 | 21930941 |
| larvicidal and repellent activity of medicinal plant extracts from eastern ghats of south india against malaria and filariasis vectors. | to evaluate the larvicidal and repellent activities of ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of acacia concinna (a. concinna), cassia siamea (c. siamea), coriandrum sativum (c. sativum),cuminum cyminum (c. cyminum), lantana camara (l. camara), nelumbo nucifera (n. nucifera) phyllanthus amarus (p. amarus), piper nigrum (p. nigrum) and trachyspermum ammi (t. ammi) against anopheles stephensi (an. stephensi) and culex quinquefasciatus (cx. quinquefasciatus). | 2011 | 21967692 |
| maternal environment shapes the life history and susceptibility to malaria of anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. | abstract: background: it is becoming generally recognized that an individual's phenotype can be shaped not only by its own genotype and environmental experience, but also by its mother's environment and condition. maternal environmental factors can influence mosquitoes' population dynamics and susceptibility to malaria, and therefore directly and indirectly the epidemiology of malaria. methods: in a full factorial experiment, the effects of two environmental stressors - food availability and i ... | 2011 | 22188602 |
| Ecological Genomics of Anopheles gambiae Along a Latitudinal Cline in Cameroon: A Population Resequencing Approach. | The association between fitness-related phenotypic traits and an environmental gradient offers one of the best opportunities to study the interplay between natural selection and migration. In cases where specific genetic variants also show such clinal patterns, it may be possible to uncover the mutations responsible for local adaptation. The malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae, is associated with a latitudinal cline in aridity in Cameroon; a large inversion on chromosome 2L of this mosquito shows ... | 2011 | 22209907 |
| anopheline anti-platelet protein from a malaria vector mosquito has anti-thrombotic effects in vivo without compromising hemostasis. | the saliva of blood-feeding animals (e.g., mosquitoes, ticks, bats) has pharmacological activities that facilitate efficient blood-sucking. we previously identified a unique anti-platelet protein, anopheline anti-platelet protein (aapp), from the salivary gland of female anopheles stephensi (human malaria vector mosquito). aapp specifically blocks platelet adhesion to collagen by binding directly to collagen and subsequently aggregating platelets. to examine the potential of aapp as a therapeuti ... | 2011 | 21986215 |
| Progress with schistosome transgenesis. | Genome sequences for Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma mansoni are now available. The schistosome genome encodes ~13,000 protein encoding genes for which the function of only a minority is understood. There is a valuable role for transgenesis in functional genomic investigations of these new schistosome gene sequences. In gain-of-function approaches, transgenesis can lead to integration of transgenes into the schistosome genome which can facilitate insertional mutagenesis screens. By contras ... | 2011 | 22124549 |
| Comparative genomics of the anopheline glutathione s-transferase epsilon cluster. | Enzymes of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) family play critical roles in detoxification of xenobiotics across many taxa. While GSTs are ubiquitous both in animals and plants, the GST epsilon class (GSTE) is insect-specific and has been associated with resistance to chemical insecticides. While both Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae GSTE clusters consist of eight members, only four putative orthologs are identifiable between the species, suggesting independent expansions of the class in eac ... | 2011 | 22206003 |
| central carbon metabolism of plasmodium parasites. | the central role of metabolic perturbation to the pathology of malaria, the promise of antimetabolites as antimalarial drugs and a basic scientific interest in understanding this fascinating example of highly divergent microbial metabolism has spurred a major and concerted research effort towards elucidating the metabolic network of the plasmodium parasites. central carbon metabolism, broadly comprising the flow of carbon from nutrients into biomass, has been a particular focus due to clear and ... | 2011 | 20849882 |
| mobility properties of the hermes transposable element in transgenic lines of aedes aegypti. | the hermes transposable element has been used to genetically transform a wide range of insect species, including the mosquito, aedes aegypti, a vector of several important human pathogens. hermes integrations into the mosquito germline are characterized by the non-canonical integration of the transposon and flanking plasmid and, once integrated, hermes is stable in the presence of its transposase. in an effort to improve the post-integration mobility of hermes in the germline of ae. aegypti, a t ... | 2011 | 20596755 |
| effectiveness of a new granular formulation of biolarvicide bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis against larvae of malaria vectors in india. | control of vector(s) or mosquitoes, in general, through biolarvicide as an alternate biocontrol agent is a greatest desire. we evaluated a water-dispersible granular formulation biolarvicide bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti, h-14 serotype; vectobac(®) wdg) in the laboratory and also in the field against two principal malaria vectors, anopheles culicifacies and anopheles stephensi. laboratory evaluations against laboratory-reared immature of the two species were carried out at a tempe ... | 2011 | 20491582 |
| warmer temperatures reduce the vectorial capacity of malaria mosquitoes. | the development rate of parasites and pathogens within vectors typically increases with temperature. accordingly, transmission intensity is generally assumed to be higher under warmer conditions. however, development is only one component of parasite/pathogen life history and there has been little research exploring the temperature sensitivity of other traits that contribute to transmission intensity. here, using a rodent malaria, we show that vector competence (the maximum proportion of infecti ... | 2011 | 22188673 |
| microbiome influences on insect host vector competence. | insect symbioses lack the complexity and diversity of those associated with higher eukaryotic hosts. symbiotic microbiomes are beneficial to their insect hosts in many ways, including dietary supplementation, tolerance to environmental perturbations and maintenance and/or enhancement of host immune system homeostasis. recent studies have also highlighted the importance of the microbiome in the context of host pathogen transmission processes. here we provide an overview of the relationship betwee ... | 2011 | 21697014 |
| evidence for a useful life of more than three years for a polyester-based long-lasting insecticidal mosquito net in western uganda. | long-lasting insecticidal nets (llin) are now standard for the prevention of malaria. however, only products with recommendation for public use from the world health organization should be used and this evaluation includes the assessment of net effectiveness after three years of field use. results for one of the polyester-based products, interceptor is presented. | 2011 | 21992483 |
| vector databank in the indian armed forces. | medical intelligence of disease vectors deals with understanding vector distribution and control. | 2011 | 27408077 |
| adulticidal activity of olea vera, linum usitatissimum and piper nigera against anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti under laboratory conditions. | there are several plant extractions which are being used for mosquito control. the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of olea vera, linum usitatissimum and piper nigera against anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti under laboratory conditions. | 2011 | 22808413 |
| genetic study of propoxur resistance-a carbamate insecticide in the malaria mosquito, anopheles stephensi liston. | anopheles stephensi liston (diptera: culicidae) is the urban vector of malaria in the indian subcontinent and several countries of the middle east. the genetics of propoxur resistance (pr) in an. stephensi larvae was studied to determine its mode of inheritance. a diagnostic dose of 0.01 mg/l as recommended by who was used to establish homozygous resistant and susceptible strains. reciprocal crosses between the resistant and susceptible strains showed an f(1) generation of incomplete dominance. ... | 2011 | 22332021 |
| the role of proboscis of the malaria vector mosquito anopheles stephensi in host-seeking behavior. | the proboscis is an essential head appendage in insects that processes gustatory code during food intake, particularly useful considering that blood-sucking arthropods routinely reach vessels under the host skin using this proboscis as a probe. | 2011 | 21272298 |
| utility of filter paper for preserving insects, bacteria, and host reservoir dna for molecular testing. | appropriate methodology for storage biological materials, extraction of dna, and proper dna preservation is vital for studies involving genetic analysis of insects, bacteria, and reservoir hosts as well as for molecular diagnostics of pathogens carried by vectors and reservoirs. here we tried to evaluate the utility of a simple filter paper-based for storage of insects, bacteria, rodent, and human dnas using pcr assays. | 2011 | 22808417 |
| comparison of transgene expression in aedes aegypti generated by mariner mos1 transposition and φc31 site-directed recombination. | transgenic mosquitoes generated by transposable elements (tes) often poorly express transgenes owing to position effects. to avoid these effects, the φc31 site-directed recombination system was used to insert transgenes into a locus favourable for gene expression in aedes aegypti. we describe phenotypes of mariner mos1 te and φc31 transgenic mosquitoes expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) reporter in midguts of blood-fed females. mosquitoes of nine te-generated lines [estimat ... | 2011 | 21699593 |
| contribution of midgut bacteria to blood digestion and egg production in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) (l.). | the insect gut harbors a variety of microorganisms that probably exceed the number of cells in insects themselves. these microorganisms can live and multiply in the insect, contributing to digestion, nutrition, and development of their host.recent studies have shown that midgut bacteria appear to strengthen the mosquito's immune system and indirectly enhance protection from invading pathogens. nevertheless, the physiological significance of these bacteria for mosquitoes has not been established ... | 2011 | 21672186 |
| parallel evolution of nitric oxide signaling: diversity of synthesis and memory pathways. | the origin of no signaling can be traceable back to the origin of life with the large scale of parallel evolution of no synthases (noss). inducible-like noss may be the most basal prototype of all noss and that neuronal-like nos might have evolved several times from this prototype. other enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways for no synthesis have been discovered using reduction of nitrites, an alternative source of no. diverse synthetic mechanisms can co-exist within the same cell providing a com ... | 2011 | 21622160 |
| prior mating experience modulates the dispersal of drosophila in males more than in females. | cues from both an animal's internal physiological state and its local environment may influence its decision to disperse. however, identifying and quantifying the causative factors underlying the initiation of dispersal is difficult in uncontrolled natural settings. in this study, we automatically monitored the movement of fruit flies and examined the influence of food availability, sex, and reproductive status on their dispersal between laboratory environments. in general, flies with mating exp ... | 2011 | 21617953 |
| larvicidal activity of essential oils of apiaceae plants against malaria vector, anopheles stephensi. | plant extracts and oils may act as alternatives to conventional pesticides for malaria vector control. the aim of this study was to evaluate the larvicidal activity of essential oils of three plants of apiaceae family against anopheles stephensi, the main malaria vector in iran. | 2011 | 22808418 |
| folk medicinal uses of verbenaceae family plants in bangladesh. | folk medicinal practitioners form the first tier of primary health-care providers to most of the rural population of bangladesh. they are known locally as kavirajes and rely almost solely on oral or topical administration of whole plants or plant parts for treatment of various ailments. also about 2% of the total population of bangladesh are scattered among more than twenty tribes residing within the country's borders. the various tribes have their own tribal practitioners, who use medicinal pla ... | 2011 | 22754058 |
| knockdown resistance (kdr)-like mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel of a malaria vector anopheles stephensi and pcr assays for their detection. | knockdown resistance (kdr) in insects, resulting from mutation(s) in the voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) gene is one of the mechanisms of resistance against ddt and pyrethroid-group of insecticides. the most common mutation(s) associated with knockdown resistance in insects, including anophelines, has been reported to be present at residue leu1014 in the iis6 transmembrane segment of the vgsc gene. this study reports the presence of two alternative kdr-like mutations, l1014s and l1014f, at t ... | 2011 | 21401946 |
| larvicidal activities of knema attenuata (hook. f. & thomson) warb. (myristicaceae) extracts against aedes albopictus skuse and anopheles stephensi liston. | in recent years, uses of environment friendly and biodegradable natural insecticides of plant origin have received renewed attention as agents for vector control. the present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of aril and kernel extracts of knema attenuata (hook. f. & thomson) warb. (myristicaceae) on larvae of aedes albopictus skuse and anopheles stephensi liston under laboratory conditions. the aril was extracted with chloroform and ethanol; the kernel was extracted with ethanol an ... | 2011 | 21559763 |
| mosquito larvicidal activity of some common spices and vegetable waste on culex quinquefasciatus and anopheles stephensi. | to investigate the larvicidal activities of crude and chloroform: methanol (1:1 v/v) extracts of some common spices (cuminum cyminum, allium sativum, zingiber offinale, curcuma longa) and vegetable waste (solanum tuberosum germinated tuber) against anopheles stephensi and culex quinquefasciatus mosquito larvae. | 2011 | 21771472 |
| spatio-temporal distribution of malaria vectors (diptera: culicidae) across different climatic zones of iran. | malaria is a main vector-borne public health problem in iran. the last studies on iranian mosquitoes show 31 anopheles species including different sibling species and genotypes, eight of them are reported to play role in malaria transmission. the objective of this study is to provide a reference for malaria vectors of iran and to map their spatial and temporal distribution in different climatic zones. shape files of administrative boundaries and climates of iran were provided by national cartogr ... | 2011 | 21771707 |
| effects of extract of soapnut sapindus emarginatus on esterases and phosphatases of the vector mosquito, aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | our earlier investigations with kernels from the soapnut sapindus emarginatus revealed it as a new source of botanical biocide with potent antimosquito activity, as evident from the proven unique ability of the aqueous kernel extract to kill all the developmental stages of three important vector mosquito species, aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi and culex quinquefasciatus. this extract was also found to be safe for two non-target aquatic insects. as a sequel to these findings, we have further ... | 2011 | 21251906 |
| geographical distribution and evaluation of mosquito larvivorous potential of aphanius dispar (rüppell), a native fish of gujarat, india. | certain indigenous fish can play potential role in vector control. the study recorded distribution of aphanius dispar (rüppell) in its native habitats in gujarat, india and evaluated its larval propensity for indian mosquito vectors. | 2011 | 22297287 |
| mosquito larvicidal properties of aqueous and acetone extracts of trianthema portulacastrum linn. (family: aizoaceae) against vector species of mosquitoes. | crude aqueous and acetone extracts of leaf of trianthema portulacastrum was evaluated for its mosquito larvicidal properties against the larvae of four vector species of mosquito under laboratory conditions. these extracts showed good larvicidal properties, 100% mortality in the third instar larvae was observed in the larval bioassay test with anopheles culicifacies, anopheles stephensi, culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti at a concentration of 1.0, 0.75, 0.75 and 1.0% respectively. the ld5 ... | 2011 | 23781639 |
| comparative larvicidal potential of different plant parts of withania somnifera against vector mosquitoes in the semi-arid region of rajasthan. | larvicidal potential of the extracts from different parts viz. green and red fruits, seeds, fruit without seeds, leaves and roots of withania somnifera in different solvents was evaluated against larvae of anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus, the important disease vectors prevalent in the semi-arid region. experiments were carried out on late 3rd or early 4th instar larvae of these mosquitoes using standard who technique. 24 and 48 hr lc50 values along with their 95% co ... | 2011 | 21888235 |
| the mosquitocidal activity of methanolic extracts of lantana cramera root and anacardium occidentale leaf: role of glutathione s-transferase in insecticide resistance. | larvicidal activity of methanolic plant extracts of lantana cramera (p1) root and anacardium occidentale (p2) leaf was investigated against the larvae of the three mosquito species (culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles stephensi, and aedes aegypti reared in the laboratory), and the respective glutathione s-transferase (gst) activity was analyzed as an index of protection against the extracts. the lc50 (extract concentration that shows 50% mortality) values of p1 extract for an. stephensi, ae. aegyp ... | 2011 | 21485364 |
| mosquitocidal properties of nereistoxin against anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | emergence of resistance among mosquitoes is a recent problem. safe and eco-friendly agents from biological origins are the need of the hour. nereistoxin, a naturally occurring substance, was first isolated from the marine annelid lumbriconereis heteropoda and stored in the freezer. in the present study, the toxicity of nereistoxin was evaluated against vector mosquitoes. the larvicidal, ovicidal and adulticidal activities of nereistoxin were assayed for their toxicity against three important vec ... | 2011 | 21472401 |
| an integrated chromosome map of microsatellite markers and inversion breakpoints for an asian malaria mosquito, anopheles stephensi. | anopheles stephensi is one of the major vectors of malaria in the middle east and indo-pakistan subcontinent. understanding the population genetic structure of malaria mosquitoes is important for developing adequate and successful vector control strategies. commonly used markers for inferring anopheline taxonomic and population status include microsatellites and chromosomal inversions. knowledge about chromosomal locations of microsatellite markers with respect to polymorphic inversions could be ... | 2011 | 21810771 |
| a novel 'gene insertion/marker out' (gimo) method for transgene expression and gene complementation in rodent malaria parasites. | research on the biology of malaria parasites has greatly benefited from the application of reverse genetic technologies, in particular through the analysis of gene deletion mutants and studies on transgenic parasites that express heterologous or mutated proteins. however, transfection in plasmodium is limited by the paucity of drug-selectable markers that hampers subsequent genetic modification of the same mutant. we report the development of a novel 'gene insertion/marker out' (gimo) method for ... | 2011 | 22216235 |
| duality and complexity of allergic type inflammatory mechanisms in determining the outcome of malaria disease. | one of the effector arms of the pathogenesis of severe forms of malaria disease is the development of uncontrolled or excessive inflammatory responses. a characteristic inflammatory response may arise from the propensity of some individuals to produce ige antibodies against environmental antigens or against parasite components. we believe that an allergic inflammatory response which develops concomitantly with a malaria episode may drive the disease course toward severe forms. the role of the ig ... | 2011 | 22566867 |
| engineered anopheles immunity to plasmodium infection. | a causative agent of human malaria, plasmodium falciparum, is transmitted by anopheles mosquitoes. the malaria parasite is under intensive attack from the mosquito's innate immune system during its sporogonic development. we have used genetic engineering to create immune-enhanced anopheles stephensi mosquitoes through blood meal-inducible expression of a transgene encoding the imd pathway-controlled nf-kb rel2 transcription factor in the midgut and fat-body tissue. transgenic mosquitoes showed g ... | 2011 | 22216006 |
| use of the checkerboard dna-dna hybridization technique for bacteria detection in aedes aegypti (diptera:culicidae) (l.). | bacteria associated with insects can have a substantial impact on the biology and life cycle of their host. the checkerboard dna-dna hybridization technique is a semi-quantitative technique that has been previously employed in odontology to detect and quantify a variety of bacterial species in dental samples. here we tested the applicability of the checkerboard dna-dna hybridization technique to detect the presence of aedes aegypti-associated bacterial species in larvae, pupae and adults of a. a ... | 2011 | 22185193 |
| novel, meso-substituted cationic porphyrin molecule for photo-mediated larval control of the dengue vector aedes aegypti. | control of the mosquito vector population is the most effective strategy currently available for the prevention of dengue fever and the containment of outbreaks. photo-activated oxidants may represent promising tools for developing effective, safe and ecofriendly novel larvicides. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of the synthetic meso-substituted porphyrin meso-tri(n-methylpyridyl), meso-mono(n-tetradecylpyridyl)porphine (c14) as a photoactivatable larvicide against the de ... | 2011 | 22206031 |
| a new powerful method for site-specific transgene stabilization based on chromosomal double-strand break repair. | transgenic insects are a promising tool in sterile insect techniques and population replacement strategies. such transgenic insects can be created using nonautonomous transposons, which cannot be transferred without a transposase source. in biocontrol procedures where large numbers of insects are released, there is increased risk of transgene remobilization caused by external transposase sources that can alter the characteristics of the transgenic organisms lead horizontal transgene transfer to ... | 2011 | 22022613 |
| mast cells as cellular sensors in inflammation and immunity. | mast cells are localized in tissues. intense research on these cells over the years has demonstrated their role as effector cells in the maintenance of tissue integrity following injury produced by infectious agents, toxins, metabolic states, etc. after stimulation they release a sophisticated array of inflammatory mediators, cytokines, and growth factors to orchestrate an inflammatory response. these mediators can directly initiate tissue responses on resident cells, but they have also been sho ... | 2011 | 22566827 |
| novel potent metallocenes against liver stage malaria. | novel conjugates of the antimalarial drug primaquine (compound 1) with ferrocene, named primacenes, have been synthesized and screened for their activities against blood stage and liver stage malaria in vitro and host-vector transmission in vivo. both transmission-blocking and blood-schizontocidal activities of the parent drug were conserved only in primacenes bearing a basic aliphatic amine group. liver stage activity did not require this structural feature, and all metallocenes tested were com ... | 2011 | 22155838 |
| nutritional and hormonal regulation of the tor effector 4e-binding protein (4e-bp) in the mosquito aedes aegypti. | mosquitoes require blood for egg development, and, as a consequence, they transmit pathogens of devastating diseases. target of rapamycin (tor) signaling is a key pathway linking blood feeding and egg development in the mosquito aedes aegypti. we show that the regulation of the tor effector translational repressor 4e-bp is finely tuned to the nutritional requirements of the female mosquito, and it occurs at transcriptional and post-translational levels. immediately after blood feeding, 4e-bp bec ... | 2011 | 22159149 |
| antibodies to plasmodium circumsporozoite protein (csp) inhibit sporozoite's cell traversal activity. | plasmodium sporozoites are deposited in the skin of the mammalian host by anopheles mosquitoes. to continue the life cycle, the sporozoites have to invade the host's hepatocytes, where they transform into exoerythrocytic forms (eefs) inside a parasitophorous vacuole. during their route from the skin to the liver, the parasites traverse the capillary epithelium in the dermis to enter the blood circulation, and cross the endothelium of liver sinusoids to enter the parenchyma. cell traversal by spo ... | 2012 | 22306356 |
| horizontal transmission of the symbiotic bacterium asaia sp. in the leafhopper scaphoideus titanus ball (hemiptera: cicadellidae). | bacteria of the genus asaia have been recently recognized as secondary symbionts of different sugar-feeding insects, including the leafhopper scaphoideus titanus, vector of flavescence dorée phytoplasmas. asaia has been shown to be localized in s. titanus gut, salivary glands and gonoducts and to be maternally transmitted to the progeny by an egg smearing mechanism. it is currently not known whether asaia in s. titanus is transmitted by additional routes. we performed a study to evaluate if asai ... | 2012 | 22376056 |
| delayed larval development in anopheles mosquitoes deprived of asaia bacterial symbionts. | in recent years, acetic acid bacteria have been shown to be frequently associated with insects, but knowledge on their biological role in the arthropod host is limited. the discovery that acetic acid bacteria of the genus asaia are a main component of the microbiota of anopheles stephensi makes this mosquito a useful model for studies on this novel group of symbionts. here we present experimental results that provide a first evidence for a beneficial role of asaia in an. stephensi. | 2012 | 22375964 |
| long term protection after immunization with p. berghei sporozoites correlates with sustained ifnγ responses of hepatic cd8+ memory t cells. | protection against p. berghei malaria can successfully be induced in mice by immunization with both radiation attenuated sporozoites (ras) arresting early during liver stage development, or sporozoites combined with chloroquine chemoprophylaxis (cps), resulting in complete intra-hepatic parasite development before killing of blood-stages by chloroquine takes place. we assessed the longevity of protective cellular immune responses by ras and cps p. berghei immunization of c57bl/6j mice. strong ef ... | 2012 | 22563506 |
| survey for asymptomatic malaria cases in low transmission settings of iran under elimination programme. | in malaria endemic areas, continuous exposure to plasmodium parasites leads to asymptomatic carriers that provide a fundamental reservoir of parasites, contributing to the persistence of malaria transmission. therefore, in the present investigation, the presence and prevalence of malaria asymptomatic cases were determined to evaluate the reservoir of infection in two malaria endemic areas with a previous history of malaria transmission in the south of iran, bashagard and ghale-ganj districts of ... | 2012 | 22533733 |
| age-dependent sex bias in clinical malarial disease in hypoendemic regions. | experimental models show a male bias in murine malaria; however, extant literature on biases in human clinical malaria is inconclusive. studies in hyperendemic areas document an absence of sexual dimorphism in clinical malaria. data on sex bias in clinical malaria in hypoendemic areas is ambiguous--some reports note a male bias but do not investigate the role of differential mosquito exposure in that bias. moreover, these studies do not examine whether the bias is age related. this study investi ... | 2012 | 22558172 |
| vaccine efficacy against malaria by the combination of porcine parvovirus-like particles and vaccinia virus vectors expressing cs of plasmodium. | with the aim to develop an efficient and cost-effective approach to control malaria, we have generated porcine parvovirus-like particles (ppv-vlps) carrying the cd8(+) t cell epitope (syvpsaeqi) of the circumsporozoite (cs) protein from plasmodium yoelii fused to the ppv vp2 capsid protein (ppv-pycs), and tested in prime/boost protocols with poxvirus vectors for efficacy in a rodent malaria model. as a proof-of concept, we have characterized the anti-cs cd8(+) t cell response elicited by these h ... | 2012 | 22529915 |
| emergence and evolution of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. | the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (raas) is not the sole, but perhaps the most important volume regulator in vertebrates. to gain insights into the function and evolution of its components, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis of its main related genes. we found that important parts of the system began to appear with primitive chordates and tunicates and that all major components were present at the divergence of bony fish, with the exception of the mas receptor. the mas receptor first ap ... | 2012 | 22527880 |
| role of leukotrienes on protozoan and helminth infections. | leukotrienes (lts), formed by the 5-lipoxygenase-(5-lo-) catalyzed oxidation of arachidonic acid, are lipid mediators that have potent proinflammatory activities. pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of 5-lo biosynthesis in animals is associated with increased mortality and impaired clearance of bacteria, fungi, and parasites. lts play a role in the control of helminth and protozoan infections by modulating the immune system and/or through direct cytotoxicity to parasites; however, lts may also b ... | 2012 | 22577251 |
| roles of the amino terminal region and repeat region of the plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite protein in parasite infectivity. | the circumsporozoite protein (csp) plays a key role in malaria sporozoite infection of both mosquito salivary glands and the vertebrate host. the conserved regions i and ii have been well studied but little is known about the immunogenic central repeat region and the n-terminal region of the protein. rodent malaria plasmodium berghei parasites, in which the endogenous cs gene has been replaced with the avian plasmodium gallinaceum cs (pgcs) sequence, develop normally in the a. stephensi mosquito ... | 2012 | 22393411 |
| spatial localisation of actin filaments across developmental stages of the malaria parasite. | actin dynamics have been implicated in a variety of developmental processes during the malaria parasite lifecycle. parasite motility, in particular, is thought to critically depend on an actomyosin motor located in the outer pellicle of the parasite cell. efforts to understand the diverse roles actin plays have, however, been hampered by an inability to detect microfilaments under native conditions. to visualise the spatial dynamics of actin we generated a parasite-specific actin antibody that s ... | 2012 | 22389687 |
| a putative homologue of cdc20/cdh1 in the malaria parasite is essential for male gamete development. | cell-cycle progression is governed by a series of essential regulatory proteins. two major regulators are cell-division cycle protein 20 (cdc20) and its homologue, cdc20 homologue 1 (cdh1), which activate the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (apc/c) in mitosis, and facilitate degradation of mitotic apc/c substrates. the malaria parasite, plasmodium, is a haploid organism which, during its life-cycle undergoes two stages of mitosis; one associated with asexual multiplication and the other wit ... | 2012 | 22383885 |
| the exported plasmodium berghei protein ibis1 delineates membranous structures in infected red blood cells. | the importance of pathogen-induced host cell remodelling has been well established for red blood cell infection by the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. exported parasite-encoded proteins, which often possess a signature motif, termed plasmodium export element (pexel) or host-targeting (ht) signal, are critical for the extensive red blood cell modifications. to what extent remodelling of erythrocyte membranes also occurs in non-primate hosts and whether it is in fact a hallmark of al ... | 2012 | 22329949 |
| mixed vector immunization with recombinant adenovirus and mva can improve vaccine efficacy while decreasing antivector immunity. | substantial protection can be provided against the pre-erythrocytic stages of malaria by vaccination first with an adenoviral and then with an modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva) poxviral vector encoding the same me.trap transgene. we investigated whether the two vaccine components adenovirus (ad) and mva could be coinjected as a mixture to enhance protection against malaria. a single-shot mixture at specific ratios of ad and mva (ad+mva) enhanced cd8(+) t cell-dependant protection of mice agai ... | 2012 | 22354374 |
| pk4, a eukaryotic initiation factor 2α(eif2α) kinase, is essential for the development of the erythrocytic cycle of plasmodium. | in response to environmental stresses, the mammalian serine threonine kinases perk, gcn2, hri, and pkr phosphorylate the regulatory serine 51 of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eif2α) to inhibit global protein synthesis. plasmodium, the protozoan that causes malaria, expresses three eif2α kinases: ik1, ik2, and pk4. like gcn2, ik1 regulates stress response to amino acid starvation. ik2 inhibits development of malaria sporozoites present in the mosquito salivary glands. here we s ... | 2012 | 22355110 |
| development of the bi-partite gal4-uas system in the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae. | functional genetic analysis in anopheles gambiae would be greatly improved by the development of a binary expression system, which would allow the more rapid and flexible characterisation of genes influencing disease transmission, including those involved in insecticide resistance, parasite interaction, host and mate seeking behaviour. the gal4-uas system, widely used in drosophila melanogaster functional genetics, has been significantly modified to achieve robust application in several differen ... | 2012 | 22348104 |
| exploring marine cyanobacteria for lead compounds of pharmaceutical importance. | the ocean, which is called the "mother of origin of life," is also the source of structurally unique natural products that are mainly accumulated in living organisms. cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes used as food by humans. they are excellent source of vitamins and proteins vital for life. several of these compounds show pharmacological activities and are helpful for the invention and discovery of bioactive compounds, primarily for deadly diseases like cancer, acquired immunodeficien ... | 2012 | 22545008 |
| expression, immunogenicity, histopathology, and potency of a mosquito-based malaria transmission-blocking recombinant vaccine. | vaccines have been at the forefront of global research efforts to combat malaria, yet despite several vaccine candidates, this goal has yet to be realized. a potentially effective approach to disrupting the spread of malaria is the use of transmission-blocking vaccines (tbv), which prevent the development of malarial parasites within their mosquito vector, thereby abrogating the cascade of secondary infections in humans. since malaria is transmitted to human hosts by the bite of an obligate inse ... | 2012 | 22311924 |
| a hybrid multistage protein vaccine induces protective immunity against murine malaria. | we have previously reported the design and expression of chimeric recombinant proteins as an effective platform to deliver malaria vaccines. the erythrocytic and exoerythrocytic protein chimeras described included autologous t helper epitopes genetically linked to defined b cell epitopes. proof-of-principle studies using vaccine constructs based on the plasmodium yoelii circumsporozoite protein (csp) and p. yoelii merozoite surface protein-1 (msp-1) showed encouraging results when tested individ ... | 2012 | 22252877 |
| plasmodium yoelii macrophage migration inhibitory factor is necessary for efficient liver-stage development. | mammalian macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif) is a multifaceted cytokine involved in both extracellular and intracellular functions. malaria parasites express a mif homologue that might modulate host immune responses against blood-stage parasites, but the potential importance of mif against other life cycle stages remains unstudied. in this study, we characterized the mif homologue of plasmodium yoelii throughout the life cycle, with emphasis on preerythrocytic stages. p. yoelii mif (py ... | 2012 | 22252874 |
| in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activities of t-2307, a novel arylamidine. | t-2307, a novel arylamidine, has been shown to exhibit broad-spectrum antifungal activities against clinically significant pathogens. here, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity of t-2307. the 50% inhibitory concentrations (ic₅₀s) of t-2307 against plasmodium falciparum fcr-3 and k-1 strains were 0.47 and 0.17 μm, respectively. t-2307 at 2.5 to 10 mg/kg of body weight/day exhibited activity against blood stage and liver stage parasites in rodent malaria models. in conclusio ... | 2012 | 22252809 |
| analysis of expressed sequence tags and characterization of a novel gene, slmg7, in the midgut of the common cutworm, spodoptera litura. | out of total 3,081 assembled expressed sequence tags (ests) sequences representing 6,815 high-quality ests identified in three cdna libraries constructed with rna isolated from the midgut of spodoptera litura, 1,039 ests showed significant hits and 1,107 ests did not show significant hits in blast searches. it is of interest to clarify whether or not these ests that did not show hits function in s. litura. | 2012 | 22470457 |
| transcript and protein expression profile of pf11_0394, a plasmodium falciparum protein expressed in salivary gland sporozoites. | plasmodium falciparum malaria is a significant problem around the world today, thus there is still a need for new control methods to be developed. because the sporozoite displays dual infectivity for both the mosquito salivary glands and vertebrate host tissue, it is a good target for vaccine development. | 2012 | 22443220 |
| quantitative genome re-sequencing defines multiple mutations conferring chloroquine resistance in rodent malaria. | drug resistance in the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum severely compromises the treatment and control of malaria. a knowledge of the critical mutations conferring resistance to particular drugs is important in understanding modes of drug action and mechanisms of resistances. they are required to design better therapies and limit drug resistance.a mutation in the gene (pfcrt) encoding a membrane transporter has been identified as a principal determinant of chloroquine resistance in p. falc ... | 2012 | 22435897 |
| characterization of plasmodium liver stage inhibition by halofuginone. | malaria is a devastating parasitic disease that afflicts one-third of the world's population. antimalarial drugs in common use address few targets, and their efficacy is being undermined by parasite resistance. most therapeutics target blood-stage malaria, whereas only few compounds are active against malaria's liver stage, the first stage of the plasmodium parasite's life cycle within the human host. the identification of inhibitors active against liver-stage malaria would benefit the developme ... | 2012 | 22438279 |
| effect of insecticide resistance on development, longevity and reproduction of field or laboratory selected aedes aegypti populations. | aedes aegypti dispersion is the major reason for the increase in dengue transmission in south america. in brazil, control of this mosquito strongly relies on the use of pyrethroids and organophosphates against adults and larvae, respectively. in consequence, many ae. aegypti field populations are resistant to these compounds. resistance has a significant adaptive value in the presence of insecticide treatment. however some selected mechanisms can influence important biological processes, leading ... | 2012 | 22431967 |
| drug screen targeted at plasmodium liver stages identifies a potent multistage antimalarial drug. | plasmodium parasites undergo a clinically silent and obligatory developmental phase in the host's liver cells before they are able to infect erythrocytes and cause malaria symptoms. to overcome the scarcity of compounds targeting the liver stage of malaria, we screened a library of 1037 existing drugs for their ability to inhibit plasmodium hepatic development. decoquinate emerged as the strongest inhibitor of plasmodium liver stages, both in vitro and in vivo. furthermore, decoquinate kills the ... | 2012 | 22396598 |
| characterization and comparative analysis of small rnas in three small rna libraries of the brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens). | the brown planthopper (bph), nilaparvata lugens (stå;l), which belongs to homopteran, delphacidae, is one of the most serious and destructive pests of rice. feeding bph with homologous dsrna in vitro can lead to the death of bph, which gives a valuable clue to the prevention and control of this pest, however, we know little about its small rna world. | 2012 | 22412935 |
| ookinete destruction within the mosquito midgut lumen explains anopheles albimanus refractoriness to plasmodium falciparum (3d7a) oocyst infection. | previous studies have shown that the central american mosquito vector, anopheles albimanus, is generally refractory to oocyst infection with allopatric isolates of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. however, the reasons for the refractoriness of a. albimanus to infection with such isolates of p. falciparum are unknown. in the current study, we investigated the infectivity of the p. falciparum clone 3d7a to laboratory-reared a. albimanus and another natural vector of human malaria, ... | 2012 | 22366731 |
| adjuvant-like effect of vaccinia virus 14k protein: a case study with malaria vaccine based on the circumsporozoite protein. | development of subunit vaccines for malaria that elicit a strong, long-term memory response is an intensive area of research, with the focus on improving the immunogenicity of a circumsporozoite (cs) protein-based vaccine. in this study, we found that a chimeric protein, formed by fusing vaccinia virus protein 14k (a27) to the cs of plasmodium yoelii, induces strong effector memory cd8(+) t cell responses in addition to high-affinity abs when used as a priming agent in the absence of any adjuvan ... | 2012 | 22615208 |
| complex effects of temperature on mosquito immune function. | over the last 20 years, ecological immunology has provided much insight into how environmental factors shape host immunity and host-parasite interactions. currently, the application of this thinking to the study of mosquito immunology has been limited. mechanistic investigations are nearly always conducted under one set of conditions, yet vectors and parasites associate in a variable world. we highlight how environmental temperature shapes cellular and humoral immune responses (melanization, pha ... | 2012 | 22593107 |
| algae-produced pfs25 elicits antibodies that inhibit malaria transmission. | subunit vaccines are significantly more expensive to produce than traditional vaccines because they are based primarily on recombinant proteins that must be purified from the expression system. despite the increased cost, subunit vaccines are being developed because they are safe, effective, and can elicit antibodies that confer protection against diseases that are not currently vaccine-preventable. algae are an attractive platform for producing subunit vaccines because they are relatively inexp ... | 2012 | 22615931 |
| the anopheles gambiae ce5, a tight- and fast-binding thrombin inhibitor with post-transcriptionally regulated salivary-restricted expression. | mosquito saliva carries a large number of factors with anti-hemostatic, anti-inflammatory and immuno-modulatory activities. the ce5 protein was initially identified during an anopheles gambiae salivary gland transcriptome study and later shown to share sequence similarity with anophelin, a thrombin inhibitor from the saliva of the new world mosquito anopheles albimanus. the ce5 gene was found to encode different mrna isoforms coexisting in several tissues of both male and female mosquitoes, a hi ... | 2012 | 22617725 |
| liver-stage malaria parasites vulnerable to diverse chemical scaffolds. | human malaria infection begins with a one-time asymptomatic liver stage followed by a cyclic symptomatic blood stage. all high-throughput malaria drug discovery efforts have focused on the cyclic blood stage, which has limited potential for the prophylaxis, transmission blocking, and eradication efforts that will be needed in the future. to address these unmet needs, a high-throughput phenotypic liver-stage plasmodium parasite screen was developed to systematically identify molecules with liver- ... | 2012 | 22586124 |
| transmission of malaria to mosquitoes blocked by bumped kinase inhibitors. | effective control and eradication of malaria will require new tools to prevent transmission. current antimalarial therapies targeting the asexual stage of plasmodium do not prevent transmission of circulating gametocytes from infected humans to mosquitoes. here, we describe a new class of transmission-blocking compounds, bumped kinase inhibitors (bkis), which inhibit microgametocyte exflagellation. oocyst formation and sporozoite production, necessary for transmission to mammals, were inhibited ... | 2012 | 22565309 |
| trypanosoma cruzi immune response modulation decreases microbiota in rhodnius prolixus gut and is crucial for parasite survival and development. | trypanosoma cruzi in order to complete its development in the digestive tract of rhodnius prolixus needs to overcome the immune reactions and microbiota trypanolytic activity of the gut. we demonstrate that in r. prolixus following infection with epimastigotes of trypanosoma cruzi clone dm28c and, in comparison with uninfected control insects, the midgut contained (i) fewer bacteria, (ii) higher parasite numbers, and (iii) reduced nitrite and nitrate production and increased phenoloxidase and an ... | 2012 | 22574189 |
| mosquito bisection as a variable in estimates of pcr-derived malaria sporozoite rates. | highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods offer an alternative to the light microscopy examination of mosquito salivary glands for the determination of malaria sporozoite rates in wild caught female anopheles. removal of mosquito abdomens is assumed to eliminate false positives caused by malaria oocyst dna in the midgut. this assumption has not been tested with current gold standard pcr assays, and for the variety of conditions that specimens could encounter in the laboratory and ... | 2012 | 22551078 |
| extrahepatic exoerythrocytic forms of rodent malaria parasites at the site of inoculation: clearance after immunization, susceptibility to primaquine, and contribution to blood-stage infection. | plasmodium sporozoites are inoculated into the skin of the mammalian host as infected mosquitoes probe for blood. a proportion of the inoculum enters the bloodstream and goes to the liver, where the sporozoites invade hepatocytes and develop into the next life cycle stage, the exoerythrocytic, or liver, stage. here, we show that a small fraction of the inoculum remains in the skin and begins to develop into exoerythrocytic forms that can persist for days. skin exoerythrocytic forms were observed ... | 2012 | 22431651 |
| ingested human insulin inhibits the mosquito nf-κb-dependent immune response to plasmodium falciparum. | we showed previously that ingested human insulin activates the insulin/igf-1 signaling pathway in anopheles stephensi and increases the susceptibility of these mosquitoes to plasmodium falciparum. in other organisms, insulin can alter immune responsiveness through regulation of nf-κb transcription factors, critical elements for innate immunity that are also central to mosquito immunity. we show here that insulin signaling decreased expression of nf-κb-regulated immune genes in mosquito cells sti ... | 2012 | 22473605 |
| antibiotic and antimalarial quinones from fungus-growing ant-associated pseudonocardia sp. | three new members of the angucycline class of antibiotics, pseudonocardones a-c (1-3), along with the known antibiotics 6-deoxy-8-o-methylrabelomycin (4) and x-14881 e (5) have been isolated from the culture of a pseudonocardia strain associated with the fungus-growing ant apterostigma dentigerum. compounds 4 and 5 showed antibiotic activity against bacillus subtilis 3610 and liver-stage plasmodium berghei, while 1-3 were inactive or only weakly active in a variety of biological assays. compound ... | 2012 | 23025282 |
| conformational co-dependence between plasmodium berghei lccl proteins promotes complex formation and stability. | malaria parasites express a conserved family of lccl-lectin adhesive-like domain proteins (laps) that have essential functions in sporozoite transmission. in plasmodium falciparum all six family members are expressed in gametocytes and form a multi-protein complex. intriguingly, knockout of p. falciparum lccl proteins adversely affects expression of other family members at protein, but not at mrna level, a phenomenon termed co-dependent expression. here, we investigate this in plasmodium berghei ... | 2012 | 22877575 |
| enhanced survival of plasmodium-infected mosquitoes during starvation. | plasmodium spp. are pathogenic to their vertebrate hosts and also apparently, impose a fitness cost on their insect vectors. we show here, however, that plasmodium-infected mosquitoes survive starvation significantly better than uninfected mosquitoes. this survival advantage during starvation is associated with higher energy resource storage that infected mosquitoes accumulate during period of plasmodium oocyst development. microarray analysis revealed that the metabolism of sated mosquitoes is ... | 2012 | 22808193 |
| development of an allele-specific, loop-mediated, isothermal amplification method (as-lamp) to detect the l1014f kdr-w mutation in anopheles gambiae s. l. | malaria control relies heavily on treated bed nets and indoor residual spraying with pyrethroid insecticides. unfortunately, the resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, mainly due to the kdr mutation, is spreading in the main malaria vector anopheles gambiae s.l., decreasing the insecticides' efficacy. to manage the insecticide resistance rapidly and flexibly, simple and effective tools for the early detection of resistant mosquitoes are needed. this study aimed to develop an allele-specific, loo ... | 2012 | 22770418 |
| distinct biological effects of golgicide a derivatives on larval and adult mosquitoes. | a collection of golgicide a (gca) analogs has been synthesized and evaluated in larval and adult mosquito assays. commercially available gca is a mixture of four compounds. one enantiomer (gca-2) of the major diastereomer in this mixture was shown to be responsible for the unique activity of gca. structure-activity studies (sar) of the gca architecture suggested that the pyridine ring was most easily manipulated without loss or gain in new activity. eighteen gca analogs were synthesized of which ... | 2012 | 22818079 |
| the spiroindolone drug candidate nitd609 potently inhibits gametocytogenesis and blocks plasmodium falciparum transmission to anopheles mosquito vector. | the global malaria agenda has undergone a reorientation from control of clinical cases to entirely eradicating malaria. for that purpose, a key objective is blocking transmission of malaria parasites from humans to mosquito vectors. the new antimalarial drug candidate nitd609 was evaluated for its transmission-reducing potential and compared to a few established antimalarials (lumefantrine, artemether, primaquine), using a suite of in vitro assays. by the use of a microscopic readout, nitd609 wa ... | 2012 | 22508309 |