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evolution of the g and p genes of human respiratory syncytial virus (subgroup a) studied by the rnase a mismatch cleavage method.the g and p genes of human respiratory syncytial viruses (subgroup a), isolated between 1961 and 1989, were analyzed by rnase a one-dimensional fingerprinting, using the long strain as the reference. total rna extracted from cells infected with the different isolates was hybridized to radiolabeled antisense g or p rna probes of the long virus. the rna:rna heteroduplexes were digested with rnase a and the resistant products analyzed by gel electrophoresis. comparative analysis of the cleavage pat ...19911871967
[dynamics of local defensive reactions in the lungs in acute experimental inflammatory process induced by respiratory syncytial virus].study has been made of broncho-associated lymphoid tissue (balt), the number and functional activity of lung phagocytes, with 42 mice balb/c, induced by respiratory-syncytial virus. with virus inflammation a decreased number of lung macrophages, their stronger attraction and increased lung chemotaxis have been observed. the addition of bacterial infection was accompanied by an increase in lung neutrophil, lymphocyte and macrophage, a decrease in lung neutrophil chemotaxis, an increase in macroph ...19911878569
epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus infection among infants over three winter seasons.a study involving respiratory syncytial virus was carried out on infants and young children hospitalised with acute respiratory tract infection over the period december 1987 to march 1990. during peak periods of rs virus activity 420 naso-pharyngeal aspirates were submitted to the virus reference laboratory, department of medical microbiology, u.c.d., mostly from the dublin region. using immunofluorescence, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and cell culture techniques 206 samples (49%) were iden ...19911885284
reinfection of mice with respiratory syncytial virus.a balb/c model of respiratory syncytial virus infection has been developed in which high-titered replication occurs in lung, immunological infiltrates in lung can be detected histologically, and illness can be consistently reproduced. the immunodeterminants of rsv reinfection in this system were investigated by rechallenging mice with rsv early (less than 2 months after primary infection) and late (16 to 21 months after primary infection) and correlating illness and titer of rsv isolated from lu ...19911885946
experimental reproduction of respiratory tract disease with bovine respiratory syncytial virus.an experiment was conducted to reproduce respiratory tract disease with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) in one-month-old, colostrum-fed calves. the hypothesized role of viral hypersensitivity and persistent infection in the pathogenesis of brsv pneumonia was also investigated. for brsv inoculation a field isolate of brsv, at the fifth passage level in cell culture, was administered by a combined respiratory tract route (intranasal and intratracheal) for four consecutive days. four grou ...19911887565
reliability of two new test kits for rapid diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection.two new rapid enzyme immunoassays (eias) for detecting respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), directigen (becton dickinson microbiology systems) and testpack (abbott diagnostics) were compared with virus isolation and direct immunofluorescence by using fresh specimens. the sensitivities of both eias were low (72 to 73%), but when initial specimens were used, testpack had a high sensitivity (92%) in contrast to that of directigen (76%). because of its high sensitivity and specificity, testpack can be ...19911890186
community- and hospital-acquired respiratory syncytial virus infections in chile.nasopharyngeal aspirates were obtained on admission from 614 patients younger than 2 years of age who were hospitalized in a ward for acute respiratory infections from june 1988 through october, 1989, in santiago, chile. patients in two rooms were followed during the cold seasons by sampling aspirates every other day during the child's entire hospital stay. clinical features were recorded daily. indirect monoclonal immunofluorescent assay and isolation in hep-2 were used for respiratory syncytia ...19911891287
tissue distribution of mucosal antibody-producing cells specific for respiratory syncytial virus in severe combined immune deficiency (scid) mice engrafted with human tonsils.groups of c.b-17 scid mice were reconstituted intraperitoneally with human tonsillar mononuclear cells (hu-tmc) from children seropositive for antibody to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and subsequently challenged intraperitoneally with inactivated rsv or sham-immunized. the synthesis and the distribution characteristics of human antibody to rsv in various murine tissues were studied using an enzyme-linked immunospot assay (elispot). no specific antibody was observed in sham-immunized animals ...19911893614
microbiology of airway disease in patients with cystic fibrosis.individuals with cystic fibrosis have abbreviated life spans primarily due to chronic airway infection. a limited number of types of organisms are responsible for these infections, with staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa being of primary importance. in the pre-antibiotic era, greater than 90% of deaths due to infection were caused by s. aureus and death usually occurred in the first 2 years of life. with the advent of effective antistaphylococcal therapy, life spans increased and p ...19911900735
a controlled trial of aerosolized ribavirin in infants receiving mechanical ventilation for severe respiratory syncytial virus infection.although the antiviral agent ribavirin improves the course of lower respiratory tract disease in spontaneously breathing infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection, it is not known whether ribavirin can benefit infants with severe respiratory syncytial virus disease who require mechanical ventilation.19911904551
characteristics of fusion of respiratory syncytial virus with hep-2 cells as measured by r18 fluorescence dequenching assay.the characteristics of fusion of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) with hep-2 cells were studied by the r18 fluorescence dequenching assay of membrane fusion. a gradual increase in fluorescence intensity indicative of virion-cell fusion was observed when r18-labeled rsv was incubated with hep-2 cells. approximately 35% dequenching of the probe fluorescence was observed in 1 h at 37 degrees c. fusion showed a temperature dependence, with significant dequenching occurring above 18 degrees c. the d ...19911906550
effect of respiratory syncytial virus infection on mice with protein malnutrition.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) pulmonary infection was produced in balb/c mice fed protein-deficient diets in an effort to understand the severity of viral pneumonia in infants in developing countries. as in previously published experiments with sendai virus, animals on the deficient diet became clinically malnourished, and certain aspects of their cell-mediated immunity were altered. the course of rsv infection in protein-deprived mice was essentially identical to that in normally nourished ...19911906929
nutritional effects on response of children in developing countries to respiratory tract pathogens: implications for vaccine development.malnutrition and respiratory disease commonly occur together, and the immunologic defects caused by malnutrition may affect clinical responses and the impact of vaccines. these defects include impaired maturation and function of t lymphocytes, diminished secretory immune responses, poor humoral antibody responses to polysaccharide antigens, deficient complement activity (especially the alternative pathway), and impaired antimicrobial mechanisms by phagocytic cells. in addition, protein-energy ma ...19911907399
respiratory syncytial virus infection in anti-mu-treated mice.balb/c mice were depleted of b cells by anti-mu treatment to investigate the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in the absence of antibody. termination of rsv replication after primary infection occurred with the same kinetics in anti-mu-treated mice as in phosphate-buffered saline (pbs)-treated controls. yet, when rechallenged, anti-mu-treated mice were more permissive to rsv replication than pbs-treated controls. anti-mu-treated mice also experienced greater illness th ...19911908028
erythromycin and phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin v) in the treatment of respiratory tract infections as related to microbiological findings and serum c-reactive protein.respiratory tract pathogens (beta-haemolytic streptococci groups a, c and g, haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis or pneumococci), were isolated from nasopharyngeal and/or throat swabs in 73/138 (53%) patients greater than 10 years of age with a clinical diagnosis of acute sinusitis, acute tonsillitis, purulent nasopharyngitis or acute bronchitis. serological evidence of a viral infection (influenza a and b, parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus) or mycopla ...19911909052
role of t lymphocyte subsets in the pathogenesis of primary infection and rechallenge with respiratory syncytial virus in mice.the role of cd4+ and cd8+ t lymphocytes in terminating respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) replication, causing disease, and protecting from reinfection was investigated using a balb/c mouse model in which cd4+ or cd8+ lymphocytes or both were depleted by injections of mab directed against the respective mouse lymphocyte determinants. kinetics of rsv replication, illness, and pathology were assessed after primary infection and rechallenge. both cd4+ and cd8+ lymphocyte subsets were involved in ter ...19911909350
respiratory syncytial virus and supraventricular tachycardia in an infant.a 7-week infant admitted with bronchiolitis proven to be caused by respiratory syncytial virus developed a supraventricular tachycardia which responded to digitalization. she has remained well and no longer requires medication 6 months later, her electrocardiogram now being normal. the course of the illness suggests an association between infection with respiratory syncytial virus and the development of the tachycardia.19911917175
defective synthesis of envelope proteins by temperature-sensitive mutants representing complementation groups b and d of respiratory syncytial virus.the phenotypes of two complementing temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus indicate that the mutational lesions involve the attachment (g) and matrix (m) proteins of the viral envelope. synthesis of the g protein was affected in cells infected with mutant tsa2 (complementation group b); the p50 precursor of the g protein was synthesized normally, but further maturation to the fully glycosylated form was defective at 39 degrees c. a non-ts alteration in the efficie ...19911919527
genes 1 and 2 of pneumonia virus of mice encode proteins which have little homology with the 1c and 1b proteins of human respiratory syncytial virus.genes 1 and 2 of pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) consist of 410 and 571 nucleotides and encode proteins of 113 and 156 amino acids respectively. the proteins show no extensive (gene 1 analogous to 1c) or low (gene 2 analogous to 1b) homology to their presumed counterparts in human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv). the strongest homology is between regions of approximately 35 amino acids located near the carboxy termini of the gene 2 product and the 1b protein with 29% identity, although a lower ...19911919530
clinical observations on lower respiratory tract infections with special reference to serum ige levels.to examine if the occurrence of wheezing among children with lower respiratory tract infections is associated with atopic predisposition, serum levels of ige were determined for groups of children with or without wheezing, during infection with mycoplasma pneumoniae or respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). in m. pneumoniae infection, more than 60% of wheezy children over 2 years of age showed a high ige level (200 iu/ml or more), while ige levels were less than 200 iu/ml in 73% of non-wheezy childr ...19911923666
subacute effects of respiratory syncytial virus infection on lung function in lambs.we examined the effects of ovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection on lung mechanics, lung histology, and airway reactivity in lambs. nine lambs were inoculated with ovine rsv and seven control lambs with normal saline or viral media. serum neutralization titers were obtained prior to and 3 weeks post-inoculation (pi). open lung biopsies were performed 1 and 3 weeks pi. lung mechanics including dynamic compliance (cdyn), resistance of the lung (rl), and functional residual capacity (fr ...19911923668
effect of salbutamol on oxygen saturation in bronchiolitis.inhaled sympathomimetic agents are often used in bronchiolitis with little objective evidence of benefit. the arterial oxygen saturation (sao2) reflects the adequacy of ventilation-perfusion balance. the aim of the current study was to determine the effect of inhaled salbutamol on sao2. in a randomised, double blind study, 21 infants, admitted with bronchiolitis positive for respiratory syncytial virus, had continuous sao2 measurements made before and after nebulised salbutamol or placebo. sao2 ...19911929514
association between secretor status and respiratory viral illness.to determine whether non-secretion of blood group antigens is associated with respiratory virus diseases.19911932971
respiratory syncytial virus infection among intubated adults in a university medical intensive care unit.respiratory syncytial virus is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in children. adults who are immunocompromised, aged, institutionalized, and/or have underlying medical diseases may be at risk for severe rsv infection. intubated adults in an micu were evaluated for evidence of rsv infection. respiratory secretions were analyzed by cell culture and rsv eia. serologic testing was obtained. respiratory secretions from micu personnel with acute respiratory symptoms and patients adm ...19911935297
value of bronchoalveolar lavage in diagnosing severe respiratory syncytial virus infections in infants. 19911941381
rescue of synthetic analogs of respiratory syncytial virus genomic rna and effect of truncations and mutations on the expression of a foreign reporter gene.the viral genomic rna (vrna) of human respiratory syncytial virus is a nonsegmented negative strand that is not infectious alone. to develop methods for complementing synthetic vrna with viral proteins, a cdna was constructed to encode a vrna in which all of the viral protein-coding sequences were removed and replaced with a negative-sense copy of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. upon transfection into respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells, the synthetic vrna was "rescu ...19911946383
ultrastructural features of alveolar lesions in induced respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia of calves.ultrastructural changes occurred in alveolar epithelium in the acute and repair stages of induced respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia induced in eight calves (calf nos. 1-7, 3 to 6 days old and calf no. 8, 2 weeks old), using a bovine strain of respiratory syncytial virus. five of the calves were friesians, three were hereford x friesians, and all were male. tissues from three mock-infected control calves (two friesian, one hereford x friesian) were also examined. evidence of respiratory syncy ...19911949507
ultrastructural features of lesions in bronchiolar epithelium in induced respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia of calves.ultrastructural changes were observed in bronchioles in acute and repair stages of respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia induced in eight young calves (calf nos. 1-8) using a bovine strain of respiratory syncytial virus. five of the calves were friesians and three were hereford x friesians and all were male. tissues from three mock-infected control calves (two friesian, one hereford x friesian) were also examined. calves were from 3 to 6 days old at the time of first inoculation, with the except ...19911949508
cytotoxic t cell responses in lambs experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus.the role of cell-mediated immune response in the immunopathogenesis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) infection is not well established. in the present study, cytotoxic t cell responses of brsv-infected lambs were examined using the chromium release assay. lambs experimentally infected with brsv developed cytotoxic lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and the spleen, which lysed brsv-infected but not uninfected cells. peak cytotoxic activity occurred 10-14 days after infection. pretrea ...19911949569
effects of bovine respiratory syncytial virus on airway function in neonatal calves.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection causes severe lower respiratory tract disease in infants and calves. neonatal respiratory tract infection in children often produces persistent changes in lung function. the specific objective of this study was to determine whether neonatal calves have transient or persistent alterations in pulmonary function and airway reactivity following rsv infection. six 2- to 3-day-old holstein bull calves were inoculated with 10 ml of bovine respiratory syncytia ...19911952323
ribavirin therapy of adult respiratory syncytial virus pneumonitis.respiratory syncytial virus is a common respiratory tract pathogen in infants. pulmonary infection in adult and elderly populations can occur with severe and even fatal pneumonitis having been reported in several recent outbreaks. we present a previously healthy adult patient who developed respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia severe enough to require mechanical ventilation. antiviral therapy with aerosolized ribavirin was successfully undertaken and the patient recovered completely. respiratory ...19911953237
detection of respiratory syncytial virus antigen and nucleic acid in clinical specimens using synthetic oligonucleotides.rapid detection of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus in nasopharyngeal secretions (nps) was carried out on cytospin cell preparations using a directly labelled monoclonal antiserum to rs virus to detect viral antigen and digoxigenin-labelled synthetic oligonucleotides to detect viral nucleic acid. sequences of 27 and 30 bases in length from within the fusion protein and nucleocapsid genes respectively were selected for use as probes. the oligonucleotide in situ hybridization test was easy to perf ...19911955489
synthetic peptides corresponding to the f protein of rsv stimulate murine b and t cells but fail to confer protection.we have previously located a major neutralization site of the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in the polypeptide region extending from amino acids ile221 to glu232. in this report, 8 peptides corresponding to the six major hydrophilic regions of the f1 subunit were selected to analyse their immunogenic and protective capacities as well as their ability to block the high neutralization activities of 4 monoclonal antibodies (mabs). only 5 of the 8 peptides tested induced specif ...19911706591
immunodominant t-cell epitope on the f protein of respiratory syncytial virus recognized by human lymphocytes.the lymphocyte proliferative responses to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were evaluated for 10 healthy adult donors and compared with proliferative responses to a chimeric glycoprotein (fg glycoprotein) which consists of the extracellular domains of both the f and g proteins of rsv and which is produced from a recombinant baculovirus. the lymphocytes of all 10 donors responded to rsv, and the proliferative responses to the whole virus were highly correlated with the responses to the fg glycop ...19911710289
mapping of a fusion related epitope of the respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein.the region of the fusion glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus which reacts with a neutralizing and fusion inhibiting monoclonal antibody, was mapped using a deductive method derived from analysis of western blot reactivity of proteolytic fragments. reaction of the whole fusion protein was found to be so conformationally dependent, that complete digestion of the protein with a variety of proteases resulted in fragments which were not sufficiently reactive to permit mapping. for this reason ...19911711741
psychological stress and susceptibility to the common cold.it is not known whether psychological stress suppresses host resistance to infection. to investigate this issue, we prospectively studied the relation between psychological stress and the frequency of documented clinical colds among subjects intentionally exposed to respiratory viruses.19911713648
respiratory viruses induce production of histamine-releasing factor by mononuclear leukocytes: a possible role in the mechanism of virus-induced asthma.histamine-releasing factor (hrf) is a cytokine produced by mononuclear leukocytes when stimulated with antigens or mitogens. hrf is capable of inducing degranulation of basophils and release of histamine. to determine if respiratory viruses can induce hrf production, mononuclear leukocytes from healthy adult donors were exposed to influenza or respiratory syncytial virus in vitro. hrf activity was tested by culturing the supernatants with fresh peripheral blood leukocytes and measuring the perce ...19911714484
expression of the f glycoprotein gene from human respiratory syncytial virus in escherichia coli: mapping of a fusion inhibiting epitope.a cdna copy of the gene encoding the entire amino acid sequence of the fusion (f) protein of human respiratory syncytial virus (strain a2) was inserted into a bacterial expression vector containing the lambda pr promoter. upon heat induction, escherichia coli cells harboring the vector produced a 45-kda peptide which reacted with rabbit polyclonal antiserum to the native f protein. expression of the f gene resulted in severe inhibition of bacterial growth, which was overcome by deletion of the d ...19911714666
use of intravenous gamma globulin to passively immunize high-risk children against respiratory syncytial virus: safety and pharmacokinetics. the rsvig study group.infants with cardiopulmonary disease develop severe illness from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. safety, feasibility, and pharmacokinetics of intravenous gamma globulin (ivig) to prevent rsv illness were studied in 23 high-risk infants in a phase i trial. ivig with an rsv neutralizing antibody titer of 1:1,100 in 5% solution was given monthly over a 2- to 4-h period in a clinical setting during the rsv season. the first group (n = 7) received 500 mg/kg of body weight, the second gro ...19911718213
protection of balb/c mice from respiratory syncytial virus infection by immunization with a synthetic peptide derived from the g glycoprotein.a synthetic peptide homologous to amino acids 174-187 of the g glycoprotein of the a2 strain of human respiratory syncytial (rs) virus (g/174-187) was shown to induce protection from live virus challenge of balb/c mice after immunization with three doses of 50 micrograms of peptide coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin. immunized mice showed high levels of circulating rs-specific antibodies as detected by elisa assay; however, no neutralizing antibodies were found. moreover, an important short-te ...19911720589
monoclonal antibodies to the fusion protein of bovine respiratory syncytial virus.five monoclonal antibodies specific for bovine respiratory syncytial virus were characterized by western immunoblotting, radioimmunoprecipitation, and epitope mapping assays. the monoclonal antibodies were found to be specific for the fusion protein, and there were at least two antigen binding sites, one of which was neutralizing.19911723078
[indices of the humoral response to respiratory syncytial virus infection in children with acute bronchitis].examinations of 30 children with acute bronchitis have revealed a respiratory syncytial (rs) viral infection in 18. a reduced response to rs virus was seen in patients with bronchitis complicated by obstruction, in contrast to that in cases without obstruction. humoral response to this virus was reduced and delayed in younger children as against that in elder ones. even high levels of specific igg did not result in vitro neutralization of rs virus.19911724037
differential inhibitory effects of sulfated polysaccharides and polymers on the replication of various myxoviruses and retroviruses, depending on the composition of the target amino acid sequences of the viral envelope glycoproteins.sulfated polysaccharides (i.e., dextran sulfate) and sulfated polymers (i.e., sulfated polyvinylalcohol and sulfated copolymers of acrylic acid with vinylalcohol) were found to be potent and selective inhibitors of the replication of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza virus type a (influenza a virus) but not of other myxoviruses (parainfluenza 3, measles, and influenza b viruses). the compounds were also inhibitory to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hiv-2 and simian ...19911725692
detection of cattle infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus using nucleic acid hybridization.a ribonucleic acid (rna) hybridization assay to identify cattle infected by bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is described. the rna probe was derived from the coding region at the 3' end of the genome of the nadl strain of bvdv. total rna from infected cell cultures or peripheral blood leukocytes from suspect animals was extracted and applied to nylon membranes with a slot blot apparatus. peripheral blood leukocytes were tested concurrently for bvdv by virus isolation. the results of hybridizat ...19911645592
serum antibodies against respiratory tract viruses in episodes of acute otitis media.although the findings of epidemiological studies have suggested viral respiratory tract infection (rti) to be crucially involved in the development of acute otitis media (aom), the relationship between aom and viral rti remains unclear. serum samples, obtained in the acute and convalescent phases of 57 aom episodes (in 35 children during the first three years of life) were analysed for igg antibodies against influenza a viruses, influenza b viruses, parainfluenza virus type 1, respiratory syncyt ...19911645761
[virological surveillance of acute respiratory tract illnesses of children in morioka, japan. i. epidemiological patterns of infection with respiratory viruses over a 10-year period].a virological surveillance of acute respiratory tract illnesses (rti) of children in morioka, japan, was maintained from september 1973 to december 1983. nasal and throat swabs were collected from 4,334 children with rti. these patients consisted of 3,500 children (80.8%) with upper rti (urti) and 834 children (16.2%) with lower rti. when these patients with urti were classified by maximum temperature recorded into 4 groups (less than or equal to 37.0 degrees c, 37.1-37.9 degrees c, 38.0-38.4 de ...19911649233
viral pneumonitis.viral pneumonitis can affect all age groups and normal as well as compromised hosts. this article discusses salient features of pneumonitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus, adenoviruses, varicella-zoster virus, herpes simplex virus, influenza a and b viruses, and cytomegalovirus. the clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment and prevention for each agent are discussed.19911649731
pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory infections in the developing world: respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza viruses.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and parainfluenza viruses (pivs) are the most frequently isolated pathogens in infants and children with acute lower respiratory infection (lri) in the developed world. less information is available about their importance in lri in the developing world, but they are probably important there also. the pathogenesis of viral bronchiolitis and pneumonia involves inoculation and early replication in the upper respiratory tract, followed by aspiration into the lower r ...19911650494
viral vaccines for the prevention of childhood pneumonia in developing nations: priorities and prospects.in concert with bacteria, respiratory viruses play a major role in the high rates of acute lower respiratory infection (alri) experienced in developing nations. respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza and influenza viruses, and the adenoviruses are the predominant viral causes of alri in both developed and developing regions. in this review, the epidemiologic data from developing nations for these viral infections are summarized and the current status of viral vaccines for prevention of alri ...19911650495
purification of human respiratory syncytial virus: superiority of sucrose gradient over percoll, renografin, and metrizamide gradients.a method was devised for producing and purifying human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) preparations with high titers. previous attempts to obtain substantial amounts of purified human respiratory syncytial virus have been unsuccessful due to the extreme lability of this virus, its close association with the host cell membrane, and its tendency to aggregate during concentration procedures. we describe a comparative study of various purification media as well as a novel approach for obtaining h ...19911650782
replication of parainfluenza type-3 virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus in isolated bovine type-ii alveolar epithelial cells.the objectives of our research were to determine whether bovine pulmonary type-ii alveolar epithelial cells could be isolated from bovine lung and maintained in tissue culture and to determine whether isolated bovine type-ii alveolar epithelial cells would support productive viral replication of bovine parainfluenza type-3 virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus. type-ii alveolar epithelial cells were isolated from lungs of 4- to 7-day-old male holstein calves by enzymatic dissociation of p ...19911652906
rotavirus infection of the oropharynx and respiratory tract in young children.oropharyngeal aspirates were obtained from 89 infants hospitalized with respiratory illnesses accompanied or not by diarrhea and 33 control patients without the diseases. rotavirus was detected from 25 of these patients by immunocytology, isolation of the virus in cultures of ma104 cells, or both. none of the control patients gave a positive result. the infection involves squamous cells and globlet cells probably originating from the oropharynx, and ciliated columnar epithelial cells from the re ...19911653306
isolation of adenovirus from lambs with upper respiratory syndrome.the role of viruses in the etiology of recurrent upper respiratory disease in newly weaned lambs was studied during 1984-1985 at the north dakota sheep experiment station. serum samples collected from lambs at weaning, from lambs with signs of respiratory disease, and 3 weeks following the onset of clinical signs were tested for antibodies to ovine adenovirus (oav), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and parainfluenza type-3 virus (pi-3). virus isolation studies were performed on nasal secretion ...19911655060
clinical and serological studies in a series of 45 patients with guillain-barré syndrome.we retrospectively reviewed the clinical files of 45 guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) patients admitted to our department between 1979 and 1989. the age distribution was bimodal with a first peak in young adults (20-40 years), and a second one between 60 to 70 years. seasonal distribution showed a late fall and a hivernal predominance. three patients experienced a second attack of gbs 2-9 years after the first one. thirty-one (69%) presented antecedent events, most often a respiratory tract infecti ...19911655983
viral pneumonia.viral pneumonias are common in infants and young children but rare in adults. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and para-influenza viruses are the most frequent viral pathogens in infants and children. influenza virus types a and b account for over one half of viral pneumonias in adults. immunocompromised hosts are susceptible to pneumonias caused by cytomegalovirus (cmv) and other herpesviruses, as well as rubeola and adenovirus. diagnosis of viral pneumonia depends on appropriate viral culture ...19911659594
antiviral activity of 1-docosanol, an inhibitor of lipid-enveloped viruses including herpes simplex.this article reports that 1-docosanol, a 22-carbon-long saturated alcohol, exerts a substantial inhibitory effect on replication of certain viruses (e.g., herpes simplex virus and respiratory syncytial virus) within primary target cells in vitro. to study the basis for its viral inhibitory activity, a suspension of 1-docosanol was formulated in an inert and nontoxic surfactant, pluronic f-68; this suspension exerted potent inhibitory activity on the ability of susceptible viruses to infect cultu ...19911660151
detection of rotavirus antigen in tracheal aspirates of infants and children with pneumonia.clinical manifestations of respiratory tract infection often precede or coincide with rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants and children. to investigate the possible association between respiratory tract manifestations and rotavirus infection, the authors determined human rotavirus (hrv) antigen and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigen in tracheal aspirates of 58 children with clinically diagnosed pneumonia by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and immunofluorescent antibody technique ...19911661224
[virological surveillance of acute respiratory tract illnesses of children in morioka, japan. ii. rhinovirus infection].rhinoviruses (hrvs) were isolated from 307 children (7.1%) in the virological surveillance of 4334 children with acute respiratory tract illnesses in morioka, japan (september 1973-december 1983). although hrvs were isolated throughout the year, frequency of hrv infection was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) during the april-november (233/2853; 8.2%) than during the december-march (47/1481; 5.0%). there were two peaks of incidence in may (9.5%) and september (9.1%). during the may-septem ...19911665166
[respiratory syncytial virus and immune response: from the diagnosis of infection to prospects of vaccination]. 19911665219
[from prevention to treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infections]. 19911665220
[respiratory syncytial virus, a pathogenic agent of the respiratory system]. 19911665224
longitudinal study of acute respiratory diseases in rio de janeiro: occurrence of respiratory viruses during four consecutive years.the occurrence of different viruses in nasopharyngeal secretions from children less than 5 years old with acute respiratory infections (ari) was investigated over a period of 4 years (1982-1985) in rio de janeiro. of the viruses known to be associated with ari, all but influenza c and parainfluenza types 1, 2 and 4 were found. viruses were found more frequently in children attending emergency or pediatric wards than in outpatients. this was clearly related to the high incidence of respiratory sy ...19911668974
surveillance of respiratory syncytial virus infection: england and wales 1988-91. 19911669860
acute respiratory infections. 19911669902
[epidemiologic and etiologic study of acute respiratory infections in children under 5 years of age].this study also included epidemiologic data to determine the risk factors for the enhancement of these infections. the coagglutination technique for the rapid diagnosis of streptococcus was tried. five hundred and thirty one samples of pharingeal swabs were obtained from children with ari. 74% were younger than one year old. brochopneumonias constituted 66.39% of the cases. in total 357 agents were isolated 35% corresponding to bacteria in pure culture, 23.3% to mixed infections and 11.6% only v ...19911670472
depression of lymphocyte responses to phytohaemagglutinin in lambs experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus.eight lambs were experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) and the responses of their peripheral blood lymphocytes to the mitogen phytohaemagglutinin and brsv antigen compared with that of control lambs injected with tissue culture fluid. the lymphocyte transformation responses to phytohaemagglutinin were significantly reduced five and 10 days after experimental infection with brsv (p less than 0.05). it appears that these reductions were associated with cd4+ lymphoc ...19911674620
humanised monoclonal antibody to respiratory syncytial virus. 19911674780
suppressed expression of icam-1 and lfa-1 and abrogation of leukocyte collaboration after exposure of human mononuclear leukocytes to respiratory syncytial virus in vitro. comparison with exposure to influenza virus.human mononuclear leukocytes (mnl) exposed to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) produce net il-1 inhibitor bioactivity with the anticipated consequences of cell cycle arrest, suppressed virus-specific proliferation, and reduced expression of activation markers. these studies were undertaken to investigate effects of exposure and resultant net il-1 inhibitor activity on the expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (icam-1), and its ligand the lymphocyte function-associated antigen (lfa ...19911677945
the role of barrier precautions in infection control.barrier precautions are a fundamental component of any infection control strategy and a critical aspect of all isolation systems. because many infections are transmitted from patient-to-patient via the hands of personnel, gloves and gowns are widely recommended to provide an extra measure of protection against cross-infection. it is not clear whether gloves are superior to handwashing (if performed obsessionally) in this respect, and there is little evidence that gowns confer additional benefit. ...19911679825
characteristics of successive epidemics of respiratory syncytial virus infection. 19911681283
genomic sequences of respiratory syncytial virus in otitis media with effusion. 19911681337
respiratory syncytial virus in children's hospitals. 19911683996
reshaping a human monoclonal antibody to inhibit human respiratory syncytial virus infection in vivo.we transferred the complementarity determining regions from a murine monoclonal antibody that neutralizes infection by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) to a human igg1 monoclonal antibody. the resulting reshaped human antibody lost affinity for rsv, but an additional alteration to one of the framework regions restored binding affinity and specificity. this second generation reshaped human monoclonal antibody cross-reacted with all clinical isolates of rsv tested and both prevented disease and c ...19911367535
what every laboratorian should know about rsv (respiratory syncytial virus). 199110108905
[serologic study for determining the circulation of respiratory viruses in havana city].during 1991, 2,400 serum samples from subjects under 15 years, and 2,400 serum samples from subjects with the same age or over 15 years were assessed against antigens of 7 respiratory viruses by the complement fixation test or by the haemagglutination inhibition technique. the results from these investigations allowed to determine the little circulation of the respiratory syncytial virus which may result in an increase of a susceptible population and the occurrence of outbreaks. the endemic stat ...19929768216
an epidemiological approach to the understanding and control of acute respiratory infections in indian children.epidemiology is emerging as a promising tool for understanding and interpreting diseases in all dimensions and identifying levels of intervention for their control or eradication. coupled with the discipline of health administration and management, epidemiology can offer viable and pragmatic solutions for tackling disease problems. eradication of small pox in the recent past and the formulation of a strategy for the control of the modern epidemic of aids are 2 best known examples. an epidemiolog ...199212318658
rapid detection of respiratory viruses by shell vial culture and direct staining by using pooled and individual monoclonal antibodies.the bartels respiratory virus panel detection kit is an indirect fluorescent-antibody (ifa) method that uses pooled and individual antisera for tissue culture confirmation of seven respiratory viruses. we evaluated these reagents for detecting viral antigen in shell vial cultures and by direct staining of cells from respiratory specimens. the isolation from 254 specimens of respiratory viruses in shell vial cultures compared with standard tube cultures was highly sensitive (94%) and specific (97 ...19921372616
infectious respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) effectively inhibits the proliferative t cell response to inactivated rsv in vitro.the effect of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) on the cellular immune response of human mononuclear cells in vitro was examined. inhibition by rsv of the lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin in vitro was confirmed using cells from human umbilical cord blood. in addition, rsv significantly inhibited both the proliferative and t cell colony responses of human mononuclear cells to epstein-barr virus. an rsv-specific cellular immune response was induced in vitro by stimulation of mononuclear c ...19921373752
rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal aspirates by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction amplification.a rapid method for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in nasopharyngeal aspirates, involving a combination of reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction amplification (rt-pcr), has been developed. the rt-pcr assay employs oligonucleotide primers specific for the region of the rsv genome which encodes the f1 subunit of the fusion (f) glycoprotein. other respiratory viruses do not give a positive reaction. the rt-pcr assay was tested on 202 nasopharyngeal aspirates collected f ...19921374080
intracellular processing of the human respiratory syncytial virus fusion glycoprotein: amino acid substitutions affecting folding, transport and cleavage.the intracellular processing and transport of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion (f) glycoprotein was examined by comparing the maturation and stability of wild-type f, uncleaved mutant f and chimeric f glycoproteins expressed by recombinant vaccinia viruses to that of f protein expressed by rsv. one of the recombinant viruses, vf317, expressed f protein (f317) that was processed like the rsv f glycoprotein. f317 was synthesized initially as f0, the uncleaved glycosylated precursor of ...19921375280
assignment of mutant tsn19 (complementation group e) of respiratory syncytial virus to the p protein gene.the mutation responsible for the temperature-sensitive (ts) phenotype of mutant tsn19 (complementation group e) of respiratory syncytial virus has been located to the p protein gene. viral protein synthesis was completely restricted at 39 degrees c, and the tsn19 p protein did not react with an anti-p monoclonal antibody (mab) (3-5) at 33 degrees c. reversion of temperature sensitivity restored reactivity with mab 3-5. nucleotide sequence determination and in vitro expression of cdna clones of p ...19921378878
epitope specificities of human serum antibodies reactive with respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein.respiratory syncytial (rs) virus continues to cause serious human respiratory disease and no prophylactic vaccine is yet available. serum antibodies to rs virus fusion protein (f) that have the appropriate specificities and activities could confer protection against severe rs virus infections. to explore human serum antibody responses to rs virus f we first characterised four epitopes on f and then measured the concentrations of human serum antibodies to these sites for 389 sera. individuals var ...19921379425
nosocomial respiratory syncytial virus infection in a newborn nursery.the nosocomial spread of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was studied in a newborn nursery in benin city, nigeria at a time the virus was known to be highly prevalent in the community. nasopharyngeal washings were obtained from babies on admission and, thereafter, every 4 days until discharged. questionnaires were administered to medical personnel with upper respiratory tract infection (urti). rsv was detected by an elisa technique. a total of 56 babies were studied, made up of 33 preterm and 2 ...19921381895
location of the epitope recognized by monoclonal antibody 63g on the primary structure of human respiratory syncytial virus g glycoprotein and the ability of synthetic peptides containing this epitope to induce neutralizing antibodies.the location of the epitope recognized by monoclonal antibody (mab) 63g on the primary structure of the human respiratory syncytial virus g glycoprotein was determined by testing the reactivity of synthetic peptides with the mab. the role of individual amino acids in this epitope was determined by using a set of 13-mer peptides containing single residue deletions. residues 204 to 209 were found to be essential for antibody binding. these results are in full agreement with previous sequence data ...19921383397
protective epitopes on the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus recognized by murine and bovine monoclonal antibodies.the regions of the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) that react with neutralizing, fusion-inhibiting and highly protective bovine and murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were mapped by two methods: (i) competitive binding assays and (ii) production and analysis of antibody-escape mutants. competitive binding assays with 16 murine and 10 bovine mabs identified 11 antigenic sites on the fusion (f) protein, many of which overlapped extensively, and indicated that cattle, a natural ...19921383403
characterization of two antigenic sites recognized by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies directed against the fusion glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus.two antigenic sites recognized by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against the fusion (f) glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus were mapped on the primary structure of the protein by (i) the identification of amino acid substitutions selected in antibody-escape mutants and (ii) the reactivity of synthetic peptides with mabs. the first site contained several overlapping epitopes which were located within the trypsin-resistant amino-terminal third of the large f1 subu ...19921383404
epitopes at the proteolytic cleavage sites of hiv-1-gp120 and rsv-f protein share a sequence homology: comparative studies with virus-induced and antipeptide antibodies.the proteolytic cleavage sites of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) envelope glycoprotein precursor gp160 and the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) show a sequence homology. to study this homology two synthetic peptides corresponding to hiv-1-env-gp160-aa 507-518 (kakrrvvqrekr) and rsv-f2-aa 130-136 (skkrkrr) were synthesized. human serum samples from hiv-positive or rsv-positive collections recognized the appropriate peptide in 90.6 or 37.2% respectively. no cros ...19921385356
an r.s.v.p. to r.s.v. (respiratory syncytial virus): declining mortality rates. 19921395656
respiratory syncytial virus morbidity and mortality estimates in congenital heart disease patients: a recent experience.to determine recent morbidity and mortality rates from respiratory syncytial virus infection in a pediatric congenital heart disease population.19921395661
comparison of a new commercial enzyme immunoassay for rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus.two rapid methods for detection of respiratory syncytial virus in respiratory specimens were compared: direct immunofluorescence assay (dfa) with monoclonal antibody and an enzyme immunoassay (eia) (test-pack rsv). ninety-five nasopharyngeal washings and aspirates from 51 children were examined; the patients were hospitalized during a winter outbreak of rsv infection in the first trimester of 1990. a total of 41.0% and 56.8% of these samples were positive by eia and dfa respectively. considering ...19921396733
sequence comparison between the phosphoprotein mrnas of human and bovine respiratory syncytial viruses identifies a divergent domain in the predicted protein.the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the phosphoprotein (p) mrna of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) strain a51908 have been determined. the p mrna is 860 nucleotides long with a single large open reading frame and the encoded polypeptide is 241 amino acids long. comparison with the corresponding sequences of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) subgroups a and b revealed 72 to 74% identity at the nucleotide level, and 81% at the amino acid level. the p protein contain ...19921402819
respiratory syncytial virus puzzle: clinical features, pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention. 19921403380
transcription of human respiratory syncytial virus genome rna in vitro: requirement of cellular factor(s).extracts made from human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-infected hep-2 cells synthesized mrnas encoded by all known viral genes. in contrast, rsv ribonucleoproteins purified from infected cells failed to transcribe in vitro; transcription was restored by addition of a cytoplasmic extract of uninfected hep-2 cells, demonstrating that a cellular factor(s) has a role in rsv gene expression. quantitation of the individual gene mrnas transcribed in vitro revealed polarity of transcription of the g ...19921404620
respiratory syncytial virus and the use of ribavirin. 19921406102
first-year infections after initial hospitalization in low birth weight infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia.symptoms of infection, specific infections, antibiotic course and hospitalizations were evaluated prospectively by using monthly questionnaires after initial hospitalization in 73 low birth weight (lbw) infants (less than 1751 g) and a subgroup of 19 infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd) compared with 63 full-term controls matched for age, sex and home locality. the immunoglobulin g, a, m and e levels of the lbw infants were measured at corrected ages of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 months. ...19921411318
sero-epidemiological studies of respiratory syncytial and adenoviruses in children in ibadan, nigeria, 1985-1988.retrospective and prospective serological surveys to determine the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and adenovirus (adv) infections in children with respiratory diseases were carried out from 1985 to 1988 at the university college hospital, ibadan, nigeria. 306 sera from subjects between 3 months and 12 years old were assayed by complement fixation test for antibodies to both viruses. second samples were available from 42 of the subjects for antibody conversion testing. the rate v ...19921412660
risks connected with the use of conventional and genetically engineered vaccines.a review is given of real and potential risks connected with the use of conventional and genetically engineered live and dead vaccines. special attention is given to live carrier vaccines expressing one or more heterologous genes of other microorganisms. because most carrier vaccines are still in an experimental phase, there is only limited experience with the risks of carrier vaccines. there are three potential risks of live carrier vaccines which will be discussed: 1. changes in cell, tissue, ...19921413441
polylactosaminoglycan modification of the respiratory syncytial virus small hydrophobic (sh) protein: a conserved feature among human and bovine respiratory syncytial viruses.we investigated the nature of the oligosaccharide modification of the glycosylated forms of the small hydrophobic integral membrane protein, sh (previously designated 1a), of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus. analysis of sh protein expressed in cells infected with rs virus or with a recombinant vaccinia virus revealed two glycosylated sh protein species, shg and shp, which contained n-linked carbohydrate residues. shp migrated diffusely on polyacrylamide gels, which suggested modification by pol ...19921413513
analysis of relatedness of subgroup a respiratory syncytial viruses isolated worldwide.respiratory syncytial virus strains (subgroup a) isolated from around the world during the period 1988-1991 were analysed to determine their relatedness. analysis was by restriction mapping and nucleotide sequencing following amplification of selected regions of the virus genome by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). twenty-three viruses of subgroup a isolated from cities in temperate regions of the northern and southern hemispheres and the tropics during the period 1988-1991 fell into distinct gro ...19921413992
effects of allergen challenge on plasma concentrations of prostaglandins, thromboxane b2, and histamine in calves infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus.to examine the influence of allergen-induced type-1 hypersensitivity on the pathogenesis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) infection, we sensitized calves by aerosol to micropolyspora faeni (mf) and challenge exposed them during infection with brsv. the development of mf-specific ige serum concentrations was confirmed by elisa. the dynamics of arachidonic acid metabolism and histamine release during a type-1 hypersensitivity reaction in the bovine lung were studied by quantitating the ...19921416375
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