Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| hepatitis a vaccine. | hepatitis a continues to cause sporadic cases, epidemics, and occasional deaths in the united states. a killed virus vaccine for immunization against hepatitis a has recently been approved by the food and drug administration. one hundred percent seroconversion occurs after a series consisting of a primary dose and a second booster shot 6-12 months later. co-administration of immune-globulin and hepatitis a vaccine lowers ultimate antibody levels 50% compared with vaccine alone. targets for immun ... | 1996 | 8607483 |
| auxiliary liver transplantation: regeneration of the native liver and outcome in 30 patients with fulminant hepatic failure--a multicenter european study. | auxiliary liver transplantation (lt) is a special procedure of lt which could be proposed to patients with fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) and has for aim that complete regeneration of the native liver (nl) left in place will allow the graft recipient to resume normal liver function after allograft withdrawal. we report 30 cases of auxiliary lt performed for fhf in 12 european centers. twenty-five of 30 patients were younger than 50 years. the cause of fhf was hepatitis a virus (hav) in 4 patien ... | 1996 | 8621143 |
| mutational analysis of the mengovirus poly(c) tract and surrounding heteropolymeric sequences. | previously, we described three mengovirus mutants derived from cdna plasmids, containing shortened poly(c) tracts (c8, c12, and c13uc10), that exhibited strong attenuation for virulence in mice yet grew like wild-type virus in hela cells. thirteen additional mutants hav now been constructed and characterized. five of these differ only in poly(c) length, including one with a precise deletion of the tract. the other mutants bear deletions into the regions juxtaposing poly(c). studies with hela cel ... | 1996 | 8627731 |
| prevalence of hepatitis b or c virus infection in patients with fulminant viral hepatitis. an analysis using polymerase chain reaction. | the cause of fulminant hepatitis is still not fully understood. we studied 23 patients with fulminant hepatitis, using polymerase chain reaction to detect hepatitis virus genomes. tests for hbsag and igm anti-hav and igm anti-hbc were performed in all patients. serum samples were stored at -70 degrees c for later analysis of anti-hcv and hepatitis virus genomes such as hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus and hepatitis d virus. | 1996 | 8778190 |
| hepatitis a-vaccines: a comparison between three methods of antigen determination. | 1996 | 8785942 | |
| a virion concentration method for detection of human enteric viruses in oysters by pcr and oligoprobe hybridization. | this article reports the development of a method to purify and concentrate intact virions from oyster extracts to volume and quality compatible with viral genomic nucleic acid amplification by reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) and confirmation by oligonucleotide probe hybridization. fifty-gram oyster samples were processed by an adsorption-elution -precipitation method and then seeded with 10(1) to 10(5) pfu of poliovirus type 1 (pv1) or hepatitis a virus (hav). seeded viruses in oyster extract ... | 1996 | 8787405 |
| changes ahead in childhood immunization. | 1996 | 8594229 | |
| quantitative determination of immune response against hepatitis a virus capsids after natural infection. | 1996 | 8744565 | |
| viral hepatitis. | the list of hepatitis viruses is increasing over the years. now the viruses range from a to g. hepatitis a virus is a short incubation rna virus which is transmitted oro-faecally. it does not cause chronic illness but may be fatal in a few cases especially in pregnancy. it can now be prevented by vaccination. hepatitis b virus is a long incubation dna virus which is transmitted mainly through blood and blood products. it causes chronic illness and can lead to liver cancer in some cases. it can b ... | 1996 | 8756033 |
| increased igm class circulating immune complexes in acute hepatitis a virus infection. | for assessing the role of circulating immune complexes (cic) in acute hepatitis a, igm- and igg-specific cic were determined, by c1q and conglutinin (k) assays, in 205 patients with acute hepatitis a and 60 healthy controls. the concentration of each type of cic in patients was higher than healthy controls (p=0.0001). cic was a common feature of acute hepatitis a with 95.6% of cases having at least one abnormal test result. the prevalence of abnormal igm class cic was significantly higher than i ... | 1996 | 8605705 |
| [detection of hepatitis a virus in serum by pcr method]. | 1996 | 8690956 | |
| hepatitis a vaccines. | 1996 | 8691546 | |
| acute pancreatitis in hepatitis a infection. | a 13 year old boy who was admitted for acute viral hepatitis due to hepatitis a virus developed acute pancreatitis which resolved completely with conservative treatment. extensive evaluation did not reveal any other cause of pancreatitis and it was presumed that hepatitis a may result in acute pancreatitis. | 1996 | 8693583 |
| viral safety of a new highly purified factor viii (octate). | the inactivation of both transfusion-relevant and model viruses by modified pasteurisation (10 hours at 63 degrees c in solution) has been evaluated following the established guidelines of the eu cpmp ad hoc working party on biotechnology/pharmacy. this heat treatment was introduced into the manufacturing process of octavi, a very high purity factor viii concentrate stabilized only by von willebrand factor, in the presence of a proprietary mixture of low molecular weight stabilizers. both envelo ... | 1996 | 8699169 |
| [an epidemiometric model of viral hepatitis a and its use]. | the mathematical model of viral hepatitis a has been developed. the model is the system of 7 boundary differential equations which describe changes occurring in the course of time in the main epidemiological groups of the population. on the basis of the proposed model quantitative experiments on the epidemiological effects of a hypothetic program of immunization at hypothetic power of infection have been carried out. | 1996 | 8701653 |
| prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a, b, c, and e viruses in a healthy population in leon, nicaragua. | a cross-sectional survey of the seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav), b (hbv), c (hcv), and e (hev) antibodies in a healthy population in leon, nicaragua was conducted and associated with demographic data. the overall prevalence of antibodies to hav was 94.6%, to hbv 6.5% and to hev between 4.6% and 8.0%, whereas none of 399 tested subjects showed confirmed seropositivity to hcv. a high hav seropositivity rate (72.7%) was observed even in the lowest age groups tested (2-4 years of age). in ... | 1996 | 8702016 |
| specific interaction of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase with the 5'-nontranslated rna of hepatitis a virus. | initiation of translation of hepatitis a virus (hav) rna occurs by internal entry and is likely to involve the interaction of trans-acting cellular protein factors with cis-acting structural elements of an internal ribosomal entry segment (ires) within the 5'-nontranslated rna. to characterize interactions between african green monkey kidney (bs-c-1) cell proteins and the predicted stem-loop iiia (nucleotides 155-235) located at the 5' border of the hav ires, we utilized an electrophoresis mobil ... | 1996 | 8662893 |
| high seroprevalence of hepatitis a, b, c, and e viruses in residents in an egyptian village in the nile delta: a pilot study. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection is hyperendemic in egypt, with seroprevalence rates of 10-20% among volunteer blood donors, and even higher rates reported among segments of the general population. we attempted to confirm the high seroprevalence of hcv and to compare it with the age-specific seroprevalence rates for hepatitis a, hepatitis b, and hepatitis e among 155 nonrandomly selected residents of a semiurban village in the nile river delta. of the two orally transmitted viruses (hav and hev ... | 1996 | 8686770 |
| viral hepatitis in east asia. | viral hepatitis has a high prevalence in east asia and is an important problem. identification of the individual hepatitis viruses. a-e, has enabled researches to investigate the epidemiology and pathogenesis of viral hepatitis and its sequelae, and possible means of prevention. because of improvement in hygiene in east asia in recent decades, hepatitis a virus infection has decreased markedly. however, this has resulted in the younger population being susceptible to hepatitis a. fortunately, ef ... | 1996 | 8640098 |
| replication of hepatitis a viruses with chimeric 5' nontranslated regions. | the role of the 5' nontranslated region in the replication of hepatitis a virus (hav) was studied by analyzing the translation and replication of chimeric rnas containing the encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) internal ribosome entry segment (ires) and various lengths (237, 151, or 98 nucleotides [nt]) of the 5'-terminal hav sequence. translation of all chimeric rnas, truncated to encode only capsid protein sequences, occurred with equal efficiency in rabbit reticulocyte lysates and was much enha ... | 1996 | 8627760 |
| food safety: review and implications for dietitians and dietetic technicians. | section 103 (d) of the americans with disabilities act directs the secretary of health and human services to identify, publish, and annually review a list of pathogens transmitted via food contaminated by infected food handlers. the secretary is also directed to publish means by which diseases on the list are transmitted. the intent of the list is to protect disabled food handlers when they become ill and to provide managers with information for determining when to remove or reassign disabled fo ... | 1996 | 8557943 |
| a simian strain of hepatitis a virus, agm-27, functions as an attenuated vaccine for chimpanzees. | the agm-27 strain of hepatitis a virus (hav) was originally isolated from an african green monkey with hepatitis and appears to represent a true simian strain. the virus caused acute hepatitis after intravenous inoculation into african green monkeys, rhesus monkeys, and marmosets. cynomolgus monkeys inoculated with the virus did not develop hepatitis, probably because of prior exposure to hav. chimpanzees inoculated with a high dose of the virus did not develop signs of hepatitis, although the v ... | 1996 | 8627022 |
| identification of hepatitis a virus non-structural protein 2b and its release by the major virus protease 3c. | the rna genome of hepatitis a virus (hav) encodes a giant polyprotein that is putatively cleaved proteolytically into four structural and seven non-structural proteins. so far, most of the proposed non-structural proteins and their respective cleavage sites have not been identified. a vaccinia virus recombinant (vrgorf) containing the complete hav orf under the control of the bacteriophage t7 promoter was used to express hav in recombinant animal cells (bt7-h) that constitutively expressed t7 dn ... | 1996 | 8627228 |
| rna-protein interactions at the 3' end of the hepatitis a virus rna. | the regulative cis-acting terminal rna structures and the proteins involved in the amplification of the hepatitis a virus (hav) genome are unknown. by uv cross-linking/label transfer experiments, we have analyzed sequences of the 3'-nontranslated region (3'ntr) and preceding domains of the viral genome for their ability to interact with host proteins. a series of cdna constructs were used to create genomic- and antigenomic-sense transcripts. the results show that the 3'-ntr-poly(a) interacted wi ... | 1996 | 8627714 |
| active immunization against hepatitis a is now warranted in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient subjects. | 1996 | 8607537 | |
| mutations within the 5' nontranslated rna of cell culture-adapted hepatitis a virus which enhance cap-independent translation in cultured african green monkey kidney cells. | mutations in the 5' nontranslated rna (5'ntr) of an attenuated, cell culture-adapted hepatitis a virus (hav), hm175/p16, enhance growth in cultured african green monkey kidney (bs-c-1) cells but not in fetal rhesus monkey kidney (frhk-4) cells (s. p. day, p. murphy, e. a. brown, and s. m. lemon, j. virol. 66: 6533-6540, 1992). to determine whether these mutations enhance cap-independent translation directed by the hav internal ribosomal entry site (ires), we compared the translational activities ... | 1996 | 8551562 |
| identification of a surface glycoprotein on african green monkey kidney cells as a receptor for hepatitis a virus. | very little is known about the mechanism of cell entry of hepatitis a virus (hav), and the identification of cellular receptors for this picornavirus has been elusive. here we describe the molecular cloning of a cellular receptor for hav using protective monoclonal antibodies raised against susceptible african green monkey kidney (agmk) cells as probes. monoclonal antibodies 190/4, 235/4 and 263/6, which reacted against similar epitopes, specifically protected agmk cells against hav infection by ... | 1996 | 8861957 |
| [adaptation of hepatitis a virus to nonprimate cells]. | hepatitis a virus (hav) was adapted to nonprimate bhk-21 cell line (syrian hamster kidney). enzyme immunoassay, immunoblotting, and slot hybridization demonstrated the capacity of hm175 culture strain to stable reproduction in this cell line. more than 50 passages of adapted hav were carried out, which showed no changes in the basic cultural characteristics of the virus. the data permit a conclusion on the possibility of hav reproduction in nonprimate cells. | 1996 | 8686273 |
| supplementary statement on hepatitis a prevention. laboratory centre for disease control. | 1996 | 8705911 | |
| prolonged fecal excretion of hepatitis a virus in adult patients with hepatitis a as determined by polymerase chain reaction. | in hepatitis a virus (hav) infection, fecal excretion of the virus has been reported to cease shortly after symptoms occur. although there have been several reports on detection of hav in feces using polymerase chain reaction (pcr), the duration of fecal hav shedding in human adult hepatitis a has not been well described. in the present study, we applied the reverse-transcription (rt)-pcr system to the detection of fecal hav rna in 10 patients with sporadic hepatitis a. the viral genomic rna was ... | 1996 | 8707246 |
| determination of the inactivation kinetics of hepatitis a virus in human plasma products using a simple tcid50 assay. | the transmission of hepatitis a virus (hav) associated with use of fviii concentrates has been reported in a number of european countries. all of these cases were associated with products inactivated by use of solvent detergent treatment. these reports have emphasized the necessity of evaluating virus inactivation methodologies for their ability to inactivate hav. such studies had previously been hampered by the difficulties associated with titration of hav, because of the minimal cytopathic eff ... | 1996 | 8732864 |
| interference assessment of yellow fever vaccine with the immune response to a single-dose inactivated hepatitis a vaccine (1440 el.u.). a controlled study in adults. | the objective of this open, controlled clinical trial was to assess whether yellow fever (yf) vaccine would interfere with one single dose of an inactivated hepatitis a (hav) vaccine 1440 el.u. when they are administered simultaneously. one hundred and ten healthy adults (24 +/- 4 years old, 65% females) were included and randomized to receive one single dose of hav vaccine (group 1) or hav vaccine plus yf vaccine (group 2). all subjects received a booster dose of hav vaccine (month 6). anti-hav ... | 1996 | 8879097 |
| a common structural core in the internal ribosome entry sites of picornavirus, hepatitis c virus, and pestivirus. | cap-independent translations of viral rnas of enteroviruses and rhinoviruses, cardioviruses and aphthoviruses, hepatitis a and c viruses (hav and hcv), and pestivirus are initiated by the direct binding of 40s ribosomal subunits to a cis-acting genetic element termed the internal ribosome entry site (ires) or ribosome landing pad (rlp) in the 5' noncoding region (5'ncr). rna higher ordered structure models for these ires elements were derived by a combined approach using thermodynamic rna foldin ... | 1996 | 8879130 |
| [seroprevalence of viral hepatitis a in at the amiens university hospital]. | the epidemiology of viral hepatitis a has been evolved in the past few years, resulting in an increasing number of people without immunity to this virus. health care workers are usually considered to be a group at risk of contamination by hepatitis a. a sero-epidemiologic study was performed in 525 members of the pediatry, gastroenterology, internal medicine, digestive radiology, kitchen and maintenance department staffs in the amiens university hospital. the aim of this study was to describe th ... | 1996 | 8734310 |
| [viral hepatitis a with prolonged course in adults]. | the aim of this study was to determine the clinical and virological characteristics of patients with type a viral hepatitis and a protracted course. | 1996 | 8734311 |
| [extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis a virus infection]. | 1996 | 8758500 | |
| enterically transmitted hepatitis in saudi arabia: an epidemiological study. | rates of exposure to two, enterically transmitted viruses, hepatitis e virus (hev) and hepatitis a virus (hav), were investigated among the populations of two areas of saudi arabia: gizan (a rural area) and riyadh (an urban area, with relatively good sanitation). in riyadh, 24.7% and 1.2% of children were seropositive for hav and hev, respectively, by the age of 12 years. there was a sharp increase in exposure to hav between 13 and 20 years of age (to 63.5%) and most (80.0%) of the subjects aged ... | 1996 | 8762410 |
| improvement of virus safety of a s/d-treated factor viii concentrate by additional dry heat treatment at 100 degrees c. | in order to increase the virus safety of a solvent/detergent-treated factor viii concentrate in regard to non-lipid coated viruses and to respond to the continuous discussion about reports on hepatitis a transmission by factor viii preparations, we have investigated the effect of a terminal dry heat treatment (30 min 100 degrees c) on hav and various other viruses. by this treatment hepatitis a virus was inactivated below detectable level after a few minutes (> 5.3 log10). other rna viruses such ... | 1996 | 8889059 |
| progress toward the development of a genetically engineered attenuated hepatitis a virus vaccine. | mutations which positively affect growth of hepatitis a virus in cell culture may negatively affect growth in vivo. therefore, development of an attenuated vaccine for hepatitis a may require a careful balancing of mutations to produce a virus that will grow efficiently in cells suitable for vaccine production and still maintain a satisfactory level of attenuation in vivo. since such a balance could be achieved most directly by genetic engineering, we are analyzing mutations that accumulated dur ... | 1996 | 8892918 |
| safety and immunogenicity of a combined hepatitis a and hepatitis b vaccine in young healthy adults. | a combination of hepatitis a and hepatitis b monovalent vaccines could offer advantages for disease control programs in terms of convenience, compliance and cost. | 1996 | 8898425 |
| [seroepidemiologic study of the prevalence of anti-hav antibodies in children in rome]. | the authors evaluated the incidence of infection by hepatitis a virus (hav) in a paediatric population through a seroepidemiological investigation in a group of 278 children (0-12 years old), apparently healthy. the determination of anti-hav antibodies was carried out by elisa-test. of the 287 examined sera, 27 cases turned out hav positive antibodies (9.7%), with the following distribution, according to the groups of age: 0-3 months: 2 of 6 children were positive (mother's antibodies); 3 months ... | 1996 | 8766776 |
| [transmission of pathogenic human viruses by foods: hepatitis a epidemic caused by baked goods in the euskirchen district)]. | in the last few years many reports have documented that human pathogenic viruses are transmitted via food and can cause epidemics. between november 1994 and february 1995 a hav epidemic was recorded in the village and agricultural area of euskirchen (germany). 49 persons with hav infections were registered. it seems that the epidemic started in a bakery and was caused by an employee who had spent his holidays in the dominican republic and came back already excreting the virus via his faeces. two ... | 1996 | 8766849 |
| favorable effect of new artificial liver support on survival of patients with fulminant hepatic failure. | the two most serious symptoms of fulminant hepatic failure are bleeding and hepatic coma. to overcome these problems, we developed an artificial liver support system comprising a combination of plasma exchange and hemodiafiltration using a high performance membrane. we treated 67 patients with fulminant hepatic failure. of these, 65 patients (97.0%) regained normal consciousness, and 55 patients (80.9%) were kept alert as long as we continued to apply this system. all 7 patients (100%) with fulm ... | 1996 | 8908326 |
| [chronic viral hepatitis: diagnosis and treatment]. | hbv and hcv cause most of chronic hepatitis; the hdv is a co-infectious virus and it rend the help of hbv to duplicate; hav and hev do not induce chronic hepatitis. etiology is not the same, without apparent reasons, in all the world and the distinction between persistent chronic hepatitis and active idiopathic chronic hepatitis is meaningless, because one can shift in the other. diagnosis is possible using serologic tests and by determination of the dna of the hbv and rna of the hcv. interferon ... | 1996 | 8767973 |
| anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccination: guidelines for an immunization strategy in italy. workshop consensus conference--rome, may 2-3, 1995. | 1996 | 8789832 | |
| hepatitis a: from epidemic jaundice to a vaccine-preventable disease. | hepatitis a probably causes an identifiable illness in less than 5% of individuals who are infected with the virus. nonetheless, it has been an important cause of morbidity throughout history. hepatitis a remains endemic in some developing nations, and cyclical epidemics still occur in developed nations, including the united states. because infections are less common in children in developed nations, the pattern of infection has shifted toward older age groups. this shift is a concern because th ... | 1996 | 8792141 |
| a novel cytopathic microtitre plate assay for hepatitis a virus and anti-hepatitis a neutralizing antibodies. | the slow growth of hepatitis a virus (hav) has made tissue culture assay for infectious virus difficult. strains of the virus of greater cytopathogenicity have been selected for use in plaque cytopathic assays. however, in our hands, this assay has been difficult to reproduce consistently due to problems in maintaining intact cell monolayers over the long incubations involved. this report describes the development of a cytopathic tcid50 assay for hav. from the results of repeated assay of one pr ... | 1996 | 8793842 |
| acute viral hepatitis types e, a, and b singly and in combination in acute liver failure in children in north india. | the aetiological agents responsible for, and the outcome of, acute liver failure were investigated prospectively in 44 children (29 males, 15 females) attending a tertiary health care facility in india. the children were between the ages of 2 months and 13 years. studies for viral infections and other etiologies could be carried out in 40 patients. specific aetiological labels were possible in 35 (87.5%) patients. thirty (75%) had evidence of acute viral hepatitis. acute hepatitis e virus (hev) ... | 1996 | 8801280 |
| hepatitis vaccines. | the past two decades have seen a series of breakthroughs in the understanding, prevention, and treatment of viral hepatitis. developed countries have an increasing number of adults who are susceptible to hepatitis a virus (hav) infection. the licensing of an effective hepatitis a vaccine presents new opportunities for prevention in persons at risk for hav infection. hepatitis b virus infection is an important cause of chronic liver disease throughout the world. although a hepatitis b vaccine has ... | 1996 | 8804380 |
| helicobacter pylori transmission: evidence from a comparison with hepatitis a virus. | to assess the possibility that faecal-oral contact might play a role in the transmission of helicobacter pylori. | 1996 | 8804871 |
| a community prevalence study of antibodies to hepatitis a and e in inner-city london. | the seroprevalence of antibodies to hepatitis e virus (hev) and hepatitis a virus (hav) was determined in a community-based sample in innercity london where socioeconomic conditions were expected to result in a high prevalence of antibodies to hav, and in which the presence of immigrants from the developing world pose a risk of imported infection of both hav and hev. the seroprevalence of anti-hav was 45.1% in uk born subjects and 69.7% in non-uk born subjects and each group showed differing pat ... | 1996 | 8818970 |
| duration of protection from clinical hepatitis a disease after vaccination with vaqta. | recent papers examining the expected persistence of anti-hepatitis a virus antibody following vaccination with inactivated hepatitis a vaccine have estimated that geometric mean antibody levels will remain above cut-off levels for 10-30 years. however, the methodology used in these papers did not take into account any estimates of variability between subjects. in this paper data from the persistence of antibody after the administration of another vaccine, vaqta (hepatitis a vaccine, inactivated; ... | 1996 | 8818971 |
| supplementary statement on hepatitis a prevention. | in a recent statement on the prevention of infections caused by hepatitis a virus (hav), naci described the usual indications for use of immune serum globulin (ig) and the newly available inactivated hepatitis a vaccine (havrix, smithkline beecham). subsequently, a more potent vaccine formulation was licensed, permitting a single dose primary immunization of adults. this supplementary statement addresses this development and comments on vaccine use in children. | 1996 | 8825660 |
| transient positivity of antinuclear and anti-smooth muscle antibodies in hepatitis a virus infection. | 1996 | 8834036 | |
| hepatitis c infection and autoimmunity. | since the first tests for antibodies to components of the hepatitis c virus became widely available there has been considerable interest in evidence linking hcv infection with autoimmune liver diseases and other autoimmune conditions. with respect to autoimmune hepatitis, it is now clear that the early tests were quite non-specific and that it was the abnormalities in serum globulins in autoimmune hepatitis which led to such high positivity rates in this disease. careful surveys across europe ha ... | 1996 | 8836890 |
| detection of human enteric viruses in oysters by in vivo and in vitro amplification of nucleic acids. | this study describes the detection of enteroviruses and hepatitis a virus in 31 naturally contaminated oyster specimens by nucleic acid amplification and oligonucleotide probing. viruses were extracted by adsorption-elution-precipitation from 50-g oyster samples harvested from an area receiving sewage effluent discharge. ninety percent of each extract was inoculated into primate kidney cell cultures for virus isolation and infectivity assay. viruses in the remaining 10% of oyster extract that wa ... | 1996 | 8837433 |
| hepatitis a vaccination by intracutaneous low dose administration: a less expensive alternative. | we investigated the immune response to three different intracutaneous (i.c.) doses of inactivated hepatitis a vaccine: 72, 144, and 216 elisa units (eu). the response was measured using a quotient score derived from a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (havab abbott) and translated to iu per liter using a world health organization standard serum for hepatitis a virus antibody. the results were compared with the results obtained after an intramuscular (i.m.) full dose, i.e. 1,440 eu, at ... | 1996 | 8953668 |
| new and improved vaccines. promising weapons against varicella, hepatitis a, and typhoid fever. | the initial motives behind development of vaccines were to protect against life-threatening infections (eg, rabies, diphtheria), to eradicate sweeping outbreaks of serious diseases (eg, paralytic poliomyelitis, smallpox), and to prevent diseases in a vulnerable population by the immunization of surrogates (eg, rubella immunization to prevent congenital rubella syndrome). now a fourth motive emerges: prevention of less serious infections to improve quality of life. the advantages of new vaccines ... | 1996 | 8858086 |
| hepatitis a transmission by factor ix concentrates. | factor ix concentrates unlike factor viii concentrates have not to date been associated with the transmission of hepatitis a virus (hav). a retrospective study by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction on a batch of factor ix concentrate used to treat two haemophilia b patients who developed jaundice and igm anti-hav antibodies within 50 days of factor ix administration in 1985 revealed the presence of hav rna. these findings indicate that factor ix concentrates can transmit hav and tha ... | 1996 | 8873425 |
| removal of parvovirus and hepatitis a virus by metal chelate affinity chromatography during the preparation of replenine: a high-purity factor ix concentrate. | 1996 | 8873426 | |
| immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a combined hepatitis a/b candidate vaccine: first results. | we evaluated immunogenicity and reactogenicity of an inactivated, combined hepatitis a/b candidate vaccine in 50 seronegative volunteers. each volunteer received a total of three doses of vaccine (720 eiu hav and 20 micrograms hbs antigen) according to a 0, 1 and 6 month vaccination schedule. one month after the first injection, the seroconversion rate was 90% (45/50) for anti-hav and 28% (14/50) for anti-hbs, respectively. after the booster dose, at month 7, the seroconversion rate was as high ... | 1996 | 8878000 |
| occupationally acquired infections in health care workers. part ii. | health care workers are at occupational risk for a vast array of infections that cause substantial illness and occasional deaths. despite this, few studies have examined the incidence, prevalence, or exposure-associated rates of infection or have considered infection-specific interventions recommended to maintain worker safety. | 1996 | 8967673 |
| mononeuritis multiplex: a rare complication of acute hepatitis a. | a 28-year-old man suffered from acute severe hepatitis a virus infection, documented by serologic diagnosis. during the clinical and enzymatic recovery phase, mononeuritis multiplex that involved the left ulnar and right lateral cutaneous nerves developed. it presented by sensorimotor disturbances in left arm and right thigh. mononeuritis multiplex has been frequently described in patients with chronic hepatitis b, either isolated or associated with periarteritis nodosa. however, it has not been ... | 1996 | 8878003 |
| [seroepidemiology of hepatitis a virus infection in medical and nursing students. the role of vaccination]. | recent seroepidemiologic studies have demonstrated a decrease in the prevalence of hepatitis a virus infection (hav) in relation with an improvement in hygienic conditions. the prevalence of anti-hav in a group of health care students was studied and a vaccination program initiated in this collective. | 1996 | 8665357 |
| prevalence of helicobacter pylori antibodies in normal children. | 1996 | 8822294 | |
| risk of infection with hepatitis a, b or c, cytomegalovirus, varicella or measles among child care providers. | employment as a child care provider has been suggested as an indication for hepatitis a virus (hav) immunization; however, whether this occupational group is at increased risk of hav infection is not well-defined. | 1996 | 8823851 |
| prevention of hepatitis a virus infection. | hepatitis a virus infection is major cause of acute hepatitis in the united states, accounting for approximately 75,000 cases of clinical illness each year. these infections occur among persons in every age group and are associated with a variety of exposures related to fecal-oral transmission. recently, the u.s. food and drug administration approved licensure of two inactivated hepatitis a vaccines. both vaccines are highly immunogenic and have been licensed in pediatric and adult formulations. ... | 1996 | 8677827 |
| virus validation studies of immunoglobulin preparations. | a validation study of the viral safety of a new polyvalent intravenous immunoglobulin (octagam) according to eu-guideline iii/8115/89-en and the requirements of the federal agency for sera and vaccines in germany was undertaken in may 1994. the following processing steps were analyzed: cohn-oncley fractionation, solvent/detergent (sd) treatment, ph 4 exposure, storage of the final product at low ph and immune neutralisation. | 1996 | 8828948 |
| single dose-inactivated hepatitis a vaccination schedule for susceptible youngsters. | to investigate the feasibility of a single-dose primary hepatitis a vaccination for young travelers. | 1996 | 8677995 |
| use of nuclease enzyme in the purification of vaqta, a hepatitis a vaccine. | the development of the purification process for vaqta, which results in a highly purified inactivated hepatitis a vaccine, was driven by modifications in the cell-culture and harvest methods which permit hepatitis a virus propagation to support large-scale manufacture. the starting material for the purification was initially a concentrated cell pellet scraped from roller bottles. however, when the cell-culture method was scaled up to use high-surface-area nunc cell factories or costar cubes, the ... | 1996 | 8679106 |
| inhibition of the expression of hepatitis a and b viruses (hav and hbv) proteins by interferon in a human hepatocarcinoma cell line (plc/prf/5). | plc/prf/5 is a continuous human hepatocarcinoma cell line whose genome contains integrated hbv dna and which secretes two of the hepatitis b virus envelope proteins (hbs and pres2). this line is also susceptible to infection by hepatitis a virus and was therefore used to compare the effects of interferon on protein synthesis of these two viruses and to assess the interactions which occur between them during infection. | 1996 | 8836896 |
| [immune response to a single dose of a novel kind of hepatitis a vaccine following splenectomy]. | the immune response to parenteral antigens is reduced in persons without spleen. the seroconversion rate was measured after application of a new type of vaccine against hepatitis a (immunopotentiating reconstituted influenza virus virosome [iriv]) in patients who had undergone a splenectomy after trauma. | 1996 | 8681712 |
| intrauterine transmission of hepatitis a virus. | hepatitis a is a common, self-limited disease transmitted by fecal-oral contamination. | 1996 | 8841254 |
| fulminant hepatitis in a tropical population: clinical course, cause, and early predictors of outcome. | the profiles of patients with fulminant hepatic failure (fhf) from developing countries have not been reported earlier. the current study was conducted prospectively, at a single tertiary care center in india, to document the demographic and clinical characteristics, natural course, and causative profile of patients with fhf as well as to define simple prognostic markers in these patients. four hundred twenty-three consecutive patients with fhf admitted from january 1987 to june 1993 were includ ... | 1996 | 8675163 |
| amplification of the full-length hepatitis a virus genome by long reverse transcription-pcr and transcription of infectious rna directly from the amplicon. | the genetic study of rna viruses is greatly facilitated by the availability of infectious cdna clones. however, their construction has often been difficult. while exploring ways to simplify the construction of infectious clones, we have successfully modified and applied the newly described technique of "long pcr" to the synthesis of a full-length dna amplicon from the rna of a cytopathogenic mutant (hm 175/24a) of the hepatitis a virus (hav). primers were synthesized to match the two extremities ... | 1996 | 8633073 |
| transfusion-transmitted disease. | many patients with haemophilia are infected with viruses, due to treatment with blood products--particularly from large pool clotting factor concentrates before 1985. aids in haemophilic patients was first described in 1982 and it has significantly reduced the life expectancy of these patients. although no new sero-conversions have occurred since 1986, management of hiv in haemophilia remains a clinical challenge. transfusion-associated hepatitis was recognized in 1943, and it is now an importan ... | 1996 | 8800511 |
| [new hepatitis viruses "e, gb, etc."]. | some cases of hepatitis were non a, non b, non c, non d. hepatitis e virus (calicivirus) transmission is fecal-oral similar to that of the hepatitis a virus. viral hepatitis e is endemic and frequently epidemic in many developing countries, but exceptionally observed in france. a high mortality rate was observed in pregnant women. recently, elisa assays for igm anti-hcv are available. many hepatitis cases (acute and chronic) are not caused by known viruses (non a-non e). four flavivirus like hav ... | 1996 | 8640310 |
| annulate lamellae and lytic hav infection in vitro. | the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between viral infection and annulate lamellae (al) production by using quantitative and qualitative electron microscopy to document the size and numbers of al in bs-c-1 cells infected with a lytic strain of hepatitis a virus (hav). the progress of the hav infection was found to occur in two phases. in phase 1, cell proliferation and cell death were roughly the same as that of the mock infected control, but there was an increase with time in t ... | 1996 | 8650673 |
| optimization of poly(ethylene glycol) precipitation of hepatitis a virus used to prepare vaqta, a highly purified inactivated vaccine. | poly(ethylene glycol) precipitation has been successfully used to concentrate and purify hepatitis a virus from crude lysate preparations for production of vaqta, a highly purified, formalin-inactivated hepatitis a vaccine. initial results showed that nucleic acids present in the starting material were problematic for the performance of the poly(ethylene glycol) precipitation step. extensive experiments were carried out to identify processing conditions suitable for vaccine manufacture which wou ... | 1996 | 8652125 |
| immune response to hepatitis a virus capsid proteins after infection. | this study was undertaken to determine the immune response of humans to viral capsid polypeptides of hepatitis a virus (hav) after natural infection, which is very important for vaccine development. antiviral capsids in 73 serum samples from patients with acute and chronic hav infections were analyzed by immunoblotting against individual hav capsid polypeptides (vp1, vp2, vp3, and vp4) by using a cell culture-based hav antigen. for reference, total anti-hav immunoglobulin g (igg) and anti-hav ig ... | 1996 | 8904442 |
| immunogenicity and safety of a new inactivated hepatitis a vaccine: a clinical trial with comparison of administration route. | a bicentre, controlled, randomized, open trial was carried out in order to compare the immunogenicity and the reactogenicity of pasteur merieux sérums et vaccins inactivated hepatitis a vaccine on adults, when used with different routes of administration [intramuscular (i.m.), subcutaneous (s.c.) and needless injection using a jet injector device]. vaccines were given at two doses 6 months apart to 147 seronegative subjects. anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) titres were performed at each visit by mod ... | 1996 | 8911009 |
| the prevalence and direct costs of pre-immunization testing for hepatitis a in general practice. | two hundred and twenty patients in one general practice travelling to destinations where immunization against hepatitis a virus (hav) is recommended were tested for their hav immune status before immunization. age-specific prevalence of prior immunity to hav was estimated. the relative costs of pre-immunization testing and immediate immunization were compared. the most cost-effective testing method for this practice was found to be total population testing prior to immunization with hav vaccine. ... | 1996 | 8917876 |
| high immunogenicity and good tolerability of a new hepatitis a vaccine candidate. | immunogenicity and tolerability of a new formalin-inactivated, alum-adjuvanted whole virus vaccine against hepatitis a (vaqta, msd, west point, usa) were evaluated by immunizing 52 healthy, anti-hav negative volunteers with a 1 ml dose. a booster dose was given 6 months later. in these young adult vaccinees [27 males and 25 females, 19-34 (mean 26) years of age] vaqta proved to be well tolerated and highly immunogenic. two weeks after administration of one vaccine dose, all but one of the recipi ... | 1996 | 8911001 |
| single-dose hepatitis a vaccination: comparison of different dose levels in adolescents. | the effect of two dose levels of inactivated hepatitis a vaccine was investigated for immunogenicity and reactogenicity in an open study in adolescents. the subjects were randomized into two groups and to receive a priming dose of 720 el. u or 1440 el. u of hepatitis a antigen, respectively. a booster of the same dose level was given at month 6. in group 1, receiving 720 el. u, the seroconversion rates at 15 days and 1 month were 92% and 99%. the corresponding rates for group 2, receiving 1440 e ... | 1996 | 8911002 |
| [perspectives of developing a vaccine against hepatitis c virus]. | the aim of this paper is to present current data on active prophylaxis against hepatitis c virus (hcv). vaccines against hav and hbv (also hdv, because this virus can only exist when hbv infection is present) have been made and are already widely used. unfortunately, no vaccine against hcv has been developed yet. hcv structure, replication, experiments with recombinant vaccines on chimpanzees as well as some subjects concerning gene vaccines and implications for prophylaxis of hcv infection are ... | 1996 | 8975215 |
| immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a combined hepatitis a and b vaccine in young adults. | the aim of this study was to assess the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a combined vaccine against hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) in young healthy adults. a total of 150 subjects (20 +/- 1.4 years; 111 females and 39 males) negative for anti-hav, anti-hbs, anti-hbc and hbsag markers, were enrolled and randomized to received the study vaccine from one of the three lots under double blind conditions. three doses of the combined vaccine were administered by intramuscular r ... | 1996 | 8994314 |
| immunopathogenesis and physical maps of fowl adenovirus serotype 9. | restriction endonuclease maps of the genome of fowl adenovirus (fav) serotype 9 have been constructed for the restriction endonucleases ndei, noti and xbai. the total size of the fav-9 genome was estimated to be 44.5 kb pairs, consistent with previous reports that fav genomes are approximately 10 kb larger than human adenovirus (hav). the pathogenicity of this virus in day-old chickens was intermediate between the pathogenicity of the non-pathogenic and the highly pathogenic favs. | 1996 | 8880992 |
| new hepatitis a vaccines and their role in prevention. | the hepatitis a virus (hav) accounts for 20 to 25% of clinically apparent hepatitis cases worldwide. it generally causes mild to moderately severe acute illness. the serological prevalence of this virus is high in underdeveloped countries where poor sanitary conditions facilitate the spread of the virus. the sentinel counties studies of the centers for disease control in the us have identified a number of factors associated with the acquisition of hav, including household members, homosexual men ... | 1996 | 8882375 |
| sequence-specific, single-primer amplification and detection of pcr products for identification of hepatitis viruses. | a simple system to detect polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification products was developed. this detection method has the sensitivity and the specificity of nested primer pcr amplification or southern blot hybridization of pcr product. digoxigenin-labeled pcr products were hybridized with a biotinylated probe in liquid phase and captured on to microtiter wells coated with antidigoxigenin followed by detection with streptavidin-peroxidase. the sensitivity of this assay for the detection of he ... | 1996 | 8882945 |
| prevention of hepatitis a through active or passive immunization: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) | this report provides recommendations for use of the newly licensed hepatitis a vaccines (havrix, manufactured by smithkline beecham biologicals, and vaqta, manufactured by merck & company, inc.) in persons > or = 2 years of age and updates previous recommendations for use of immune globulin (ig) for protection against hepatitis a (superseding mmwr 1990;39[no. rr-2]:1-5). for preexposure protection, hepatitis a vaccine can now be used instead of ig in many circumstances; for postexposure prophyla ... | 1996 | 9005304 |
| growth of hepatitis a virus in murine cells. | in order to investigate the growth of hepatitis a virus (hav) in murine cells, l929 cells of the established mouse cell line were transfected with the virion rna or infected with the virions and examined for the formation of negative-strand rna and the rise of the viral infectivity titer. in both the transfected and infected cells, the formation of negative-strand hav rna was assayed by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). in the transfected cells, infectious hav of an a ... | 1996 | 9014010 |
| possible aetiological role of hepatitis e virus in acute non-a, non-b, non-c hepatitis in saudi arabia. | during a period of 10 months, 69 saudi arabian patients (14 children and 55 adults) were diagnosed as having acute non-a, non-b, non-c (na, b, c) hepatitis at king khalid university hospital, riyadh, saudi arabia. seven of the paediatric patients had anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) immunoglobulin (ig) m and anti-hev igg; 26 adults (47.3%) had anti-hev igm and 30 (54.5%) had anti-hev igg. these results, together with the fact that none of the 40 patients with acute hepatitis a virus infection, none ... | 1996 | 9015502 |
| acute viral hepatitis in hanoi, viet nam. | a study of acute hepatitis was conducted in hanoi, viet nam, from january 1993 to february 1995; 188 sera from clinical hepatitis cases were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunoglobulin (ig) m anti-hepatitis a virus (hav), igm anti-hepatitis b core antigen (hbc), igg anti-hepatitis c virus (hcv), igg anti-hepatitis e virus (hev) and igm anti-hev. additionally, 187 sera from control subjects, matched by age, sex and month of admission, with no recent history of hepatitis, were ... | 1996 | 9015503 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus infection among sewage workers in the parisian area, france. | sewers are an ideal environment to be occupationally exposed to viral hepatitis a (hav) infection, because of high frequency and ability of the virus to remain viable for prolonged periods in sewage. however, data on the occupational risk of hav infection among sewage workers is not well documented. in a cross sectional study comparing sewage workers (n = 155) to those not occupationally exposed to it (n = 70), we found a non significant increase in hav seropositivity among sewage workers of 12. ... | 1996 | 8884189 |
| [the prevalence of anti-hepatitis c virus antibodies in children from social assistance units in the county of iaşi]. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti-hcv antibody (ab) in association with specific markers for hepatitis a virus (hav) and hepatitis b virus (hbv). we investigated 127 children from two orphanages from iaşi district (77 males--60.6%). an elisa kit, iind generation (diagnostic pasteur) was used for anti-hcv determination. hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) and anti-hav/total antibodies were diagnosed by elisa competitive and "sandwich" type respectively (wellcome-murex) ... | 1996 | 9455445 |
| [purification and proteic characterization of a cuban strain of the hepatitis a virus]. | the purification and protein characterization of one of the cuban isolated strains of hepatitis a virus was carried out. for this, it was necessary to separate the virus from the infected cell by extraction steps with detergents, concentration by ultrafiltration and finally, ultracentrifugation in saccharosoglycerol discontinuous gradient. protein concentration, as well as the antigenic activity in the different fractions of the gradient were determined. for the protein characterization of the m ... | 1996 | 9768283 |
| age-specific anti-hepatitis a virus seroepidemiology in italian travelers: indications for anti-hepatitis a vaccination. | background: hepatitis a virus (hav) circulation in the environment is decreasing in most industrialized western countries. this decrease has lead to low seroprevalence rates in adults. as a consequence, many nonimmune unprotected travelers from areas of low prevalence are considered at risk of acquiring hav infection when traveling to high hav endemic areas in developing countries. the recent hav inactivated vaccine has proved safe and effective, and its use in different geographic areas should ... | 1996 | 9815459 |
| response to hepatitis a vaccine in children after a single dose with a booster administration 6 months later. | background: children are of an age group susceptible to infection by the hepatitis a virus (hav). active immunization of children against hav became reality in 1993, when the first pediatric hepatitis a vaccine was licensed. this initial vaccine required two injections to induce a full immune response in recipients. the purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of a single dose primary vaccine plus a booster after 6 months against hepatitis a in children. methods: a total of 60 healthy ... | 1996 | 9815444 |
| hepatitis a in day care centre. | a focal outbreak of hepatitis was detected in a day-care centre for children centrally located in pune. the source of infection was suspected to be an 11-year-old child who probably got the infection from his school. seven out of 15 children from day-care centre developed clinical hepatitis. two cases of secondary infection were identified among the family contacts of infected children. sera from all the nine sick children were positive for anti-hepatitis a virus-igm antibodies. a stool sample f ... | 1996 | 10830060 |
| medical microbiology | the picornaviruses are small (22 to 30 nm) nonenveloped, single-stranded rna viruses with cubic symmetry. the virus capsid is composed of 60 protein subunits, each consisting of four poly-peptides vp1–vp4. because they contain no essential lipids, they are ether resistant. they replicate in the cytoplasm. the picornaviruses that affect humans are the enteroviruses, found primarily in the gut; the rhinoviruses, found ... | 1996 | 21413259 |